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Marine Science

Unit 2.6 Simple Marine Simple Marine Animals Unit 2.6 Simple Marine Animals Vocabulary.

• Using Chapter 6 (pgs. 142-162) of the textbook provide a definition for each term.

• Be sure to complete the vocabulary as we progress through the unit, it will be checked prior to the assessment.

Note: The “Unit 2.6 Simple Marine Animals Vocabulary” worksheet can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6827 Simple Marine Animals What creatures can you identify in the image?

What do these creatures have in common?

• They are all animals. Simple Marine Animals Simple Marine Animals.

• Over 100,000 known inhabit the world’s .

- Many are unicellular microscopic organisms, others are “simple” multicellular animals. Graphic Organizer How do Animals Satisfy Their Nutritional Needs?

Instructions:

• Read through the introduction to the graphic organizer.

• Read pgs. 143-147 of the textbook.

• As you read, fill in the graphic organizer with important information about each of the basic nutrients.

Note: The “Nutritional Needs” graphic organizer can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Entry Task(s) What are the seven nutrients required by animals to survive?

, Starches, Lipids, , Minerals, Vitamins, & Water.

What does the following equation represent?

• Dehydration Synthesis Simple Marine Animals Answer the following questions in your ISN.

1) Identify the seven nutrients found in all living cells. Which one constitutes the highest percentage of body weight?

2) Discuss the importance of minerals for animal nutrition?

3) Describe the role of water in living things. Entry Task(s) Where is the energy found in both carbohydrates & lipids?

• Carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Which nutrient used by living things mainly for growth & repair of cells?

• Proteins

Which is the most abundant nutrient found in organisms?

• Water Simple Marine Animals Take a couple of minutes to scan the following reading.

• Read pgs. 147-149 in the textbook.

• See if you can find the answers to the following questions:

1) Explain how a huge whale can feed on microscopic .

2) How are the classified?

3) Why is the considered planktonic? Simple Marine Animals What Kinds of Zooplankton Are Found in the ?

Plankton.

• Means “wanderer”

• Organisms that float or drift on the surface.

- -like, containing chlorophyll, are .

- Animal & animal-like are zooplankton.

• Can be caught by dragging a plankton net through the water. Simple Marine Animals Zooplankton Diversity.

• So varied they are divided into two groups:

- Temporary Plankton

- Permanent Plankton

Pg. 148 Simple Marine Animals Zooplankton Diversity.

• Temporary Plankton

- Embryos or larvae of fish, crabs, , lobsters, clams, & other .

- Early part of cycle floating & drifting near the surface of the ocean.

- As adults, they are no longer plankton.

Pg. 148 Simple Marine Animals Zooplankton Diversity.

• Permanent Plankton

- Remain plankton throughout their entire life cycles.

Pg. 148 Simple Marine Animals Zooplankton Diversity.

• Permanent Plankton

Permanent Zooplankton Description

1)

2)

3) Simple Marine Animals Zooplankton Diversity.

• Foraminiferan

- Unicellular .

- Encased in shell.

- flows through holes or pores formaing a sticky surface to catch food.

- After death, shells accumulate & form thick chalky deposits.

Pg. 148 Simple Marine Animals Zooplankton Diversity.

• Radiolarian

- Unicellular

- Transparent wall composed of silica.

- Contain long branching spines, like the spokes of a wheel, for added buoyancy & protection.

Pg. 148 Simple Marine Animals Zooplankton Diversity.

- Most numerous.

- Tiny shrimplike animal, size of a grain of sand.

phytoplankton copepod small fish & whales

Pg. 148 Simple Marine Animals Sea Soup.

• Plankton is an important food source.

• Ocean as soup = Plankton as the suspended food particles.

• Whales feed on the plankton.

- Mouthfull of .

- Filter out plankton through huge, fringed plates.

- Filter feeders

- -like zooplankton, krill. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-filter-feeder-2291891 Simple Marine Animals Sea Soup.

• Bottom dwelling mollusks depend on plankton as food source.

- Also filter plankton from the water.

- Clams use microscopic hairs, cilia, to move water in order to filter out plankton. Simple Marine Animals Sea Soup.

• Foundation of food webs.

- Organisms rely directly or indirectly on plankton.

- Plankton form the base of food chains/webs. Simple Marine Animals Answer the following questions in your ISN.

1) Explain how a huge whale can feed on microscopic plankton.

2) How are the zooplankton classified?

3) Why is the jellyfish considered planktonic? Simple Marine Animals “Observing Zooplankton” Lab Investigation 6

• Grab a copy of the pre-lab questions & lab investigation worksheet.

• Read the procedures thoroughly, highlighting or underlining key information.

• Answer the pre-lab questions.

• Lab Investigation 6 will be conducted tomorrow. Entry Task(s) Read through the lab worksheet to be sure you know what you will be doing during each step of the procedures.

• Leave your science notebook on the corner of your desk. Simple Marine Animals Laboratory Investigation 5 Lab Safety.

Chemicals • Be sure to wash your hands after use. • If you get any in your flush them thoroughly.

Glass • Be careful when handling glassware. • If something breaks notify the teacher immediately.

Spills • Quickly wipe up any spills to prevent slipping.

Equipment • Be careful when handling equipment. Simple Marine Animals “Observing Zooplankton” Lab Investigation 6

• Labs will be conducted at the team lab stations.

• Conduct the lab in order, according to the procedures provided in the lab worksheet.

• Once lab is complete clean your stations:

- Rinse & wipe petri dishes & slides - Wipe - Wipe your team stations. - Leave your stations cleaner than you found them.

• Return to your seat & answer the conclusion & analysis questions following the lab. Entry Task(s) What organisms were you able to identify in yesterday’s lab?

• Crab Larvae, , etc.

What structures did you use to identify the organisms?

• Body, legs, arms, eyes, etc. Simple Marine Animals Take a couple of minutes to scan the following reading.

• Read pgs. 150-155 in the textbook.

• See if you can find the answers to the following questions:

1) How are the protozoans classified?

2) How does a protozoan carry out the process of cellular respiration?

3) Describe two ways that can reproduce. Graphic Organizer How do Protozoans Carry Out Their Life Functions?

Instructions:

• Read through the introduction to the graphic organizer.

• Read pgs. 150-151 of the textbook.

• As you read, fill in the graphic organizer identifying the three major subgroups of protozoan & providing examples

Note: The “Protozoan Life Functions” graphic organizer can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Simple Marine Animals How Do Protozoans Carry Out Their Life Functions?

Some zooplankton are members of a larger group of unicellular animal-like organisms called protozoa.

• Plankton are usually found near the surface.

• Protozoans are found on the surface of marine substrates & in bottom .

Protozoa can be subdivided into three major groups:

• Ciliophora • Zoomastigina • Sarcodina Simple Marine Animals How Do Protozoans Carry Out Their Life Functions?

Ciliophora

• Largest group of protozoa.

• Freshwater & marine species containing cilia.

• Free swimming using their cilia for locomotion.

Organisms:

• Spirostomum • Stylonychia • Vorticella

Pg. 150 Simple Marine Animals How Do Protozoans Carry Out Their Life Functions?

Zoomastigina

• Animal-like .

• Move by means of a whiplike flagella.

Organsims:

• Euglena •

https://www.flickr.com/photos/rogeliomorenog/8934977659 Simple Marine Animals How Do Protozoans Carry Out Their Life Functions?

Sarcodina

• Live on the surface of substrates.

• Move using cytoplasmic extensions called pseupods (“false feet”).

Organisms:

• Forams (Foraminiferans) • Radiolarians • Amebas

https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Ameba Entry Task(s) What organism is represented in the image?

• Vorticella

What major group of protozoans is the organism classified as?

• Ciliaphora

Pg. 150 Graphic Organizer How do Protozoans Carry Out Their Life Functions?

Instructions:

• Read through the introduction to the graphic organizer.

• Read pgs. 151-155 of the textbook.

• As you read, fill in the graphic organizer identifying the structure & its associated life function.

Note: The “Protozoan Life Functions” graphic organizer can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Simple Marine Animals How Do Protozoans Carry Out Their Life Functions?

Amazing group of organisms.

• Carry out all necessary life functions within a single cell. Simple Marine Animals Ingestion & .

Vorticella, a ciliated, sessile protozoan.

• Large food particles are swept into the by the movement of the cilia.

• Enters food vacuoles, within the cytoplasm.

• Broken down into smaller particles.

Pg. 150 Simple Marine Animals Respiration.

Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration)

• Takes place in the mitochondria.

• 1 glucose = 36 ATP

• Vorticella uses stored ATP for stalk contractions & cilia movement.

- allows for the exchange of gases & waste products. Simple Marine Animals Transport.

Concentration gradient.

= molecules move from high to low concentrations.

- Passive transport.

• Explains the movement of & in & out of Vorticella.

- Oxygen higher outside moves inside.

- Carbon dioxide builds up inside moves outside. Simple Marine Animals Water Balance & .

Osmosis = higher concentration of water outside moves inside.

Vorticella in water.

• To keep from bursting the pumps excess water out.

- requires ATP

• Excretory vacuole eliminates waste.

• This movement of water & waste maintains homeostasis. Simple Marine Animals Sensitivity.

To stay alive organisms must be able to respond to changes in their environment.

• Organisms respond to stimuli.

Vorticella responds to stimulus by contracting its elongated stalk into a tight coil.

• The stalk then rapidly uncoils.

• An avoidance reaction.

• May also do so spontaneously. Simple Marine Animals Reproduction.

Vorticella can reproduce asexually.

• Controlled by the nucleus where DNA is located.

• Cellular division forming daughter cells.

- Binary fission produces identical cells.

Vorticella can also reproduce by .

• New bud (daughter cell) smaller than parent cell.

• Eventually bud breaks away from its own stalk. Simple Marine Animals Reproduction.

Vorticella can reproduce sexually.

• Two parent cells exchange hereditary information (conjugation).

- Offspring is not identical to the parent cell.

- Exchange adds genetic variability to the population Simple Marine Animals Answer the following questions in your ISN.

1) How are the protozoans classified?

2) How does a protozoan carry out the process of cellular respiration?

3) Describe two ways that protozoa can reproduce. Assessment MSS7-2.6 Simple Marine Animals Assessment_01

• Grab a copy of the assessment.

• Only using your knowledge of what you have learned complete the assessment.

• Once complete, raise your hand so I can collect your paper. Entry Task(s) What chemical reaction is represented by the equation below?

• Cellular Respiration

How many molecules of glucose are required to produce 36 molecules of ATP?

• One Simple Marine Animals Complete the following pertaining to sponges.

• Read pgs. 155-160 in the textbook.

• Complete the following review within your science notebook:

1) How does a obtain food if it cannot move?

2) Sketch & label (or describe) the life cycle of a sponge. Be sure to include names for each stage of development. Simple Marine Animals Discovery: The Sponge - An Invaluable

• Grab a copy of the article.

• Read the article thoroughly, highlighting or underlining key information about sponges.

• Answer the questions following the article.

Note: The “Discovery: The Sponge - An Invaluable Invertebrate” worksheet can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6827 Guest Teacher Grab your ChromeBook & a copy of the “Origins - Animal Eve” question worksheet from the front counter.

Instructions:

• Log into google classroom & click on the file in the assignment “Origins - Animal Eve”.

• Complete the questions as you find the answers in the article.

• Turn in the question worksheet at the end of the period.

Note: The “Origins - Animal Eve” question worksheet can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Entry Task(s)

At which stage would the sponge be most adapted for swimming actively?

• Larval stage

If the cells in the two-celled stage were separated safely & returned to their natural surroundings in the ocean, what would most likely occur?

• Both cells would develop into normal adults. Simple Marine Animals What Are the Adaptations of Sponges, , & Bryozoans?

Each are Phylums of invertebrates

As invertebrates they share some characteristics.

• Rotifers & bryozoans are microscopic.

• Sponges & bryozoans are sedentary.

• All are multicellular, bottom- dwelling invertebrates.

https://www.leisurepro.com/blog/explore-the-blue/fascinating-marine-sponge/ Simple Marine Animals Life Functions of the Sponge.

Feeding.

• Body contains many hole, or pores (ostia) through which food travels.

• Water & waste then exit through the osculum.

• Collar cells contain flagella that pump water through the sponge. Simple Marine Animals Life Functions of the Sponge.

Gas Exchange.

• Direct contact with water, occurs across cell membrane.

• Carbon dioxide is expelled through the osculum.

Sensitivity.

• Lacks a , therefore no rapid movements.

• Closes ostia as defensive reaction against toxic substances in the water. Simple Marine Animals Life Cycles of the Sponge.

Begins with the adult releasing & .

• Rapid cell division is called cleavage, at this point referred to as an embryo. Simple Marine Animals Life Cycles of the Sponge.

Individual sponges can be either male or female.

• They have both reproductive organs.

; however they produce eggs & sperm at different times.

Sponges can reproduce asexually.

• Piece of sponge breaks off & grows into a whole new sponge, regeneration. Simple Marine Animals Sponge Diversity.

Found in a variety of marine & freshwater habitats.

• Tropical to polar regions.

Efficient filter feeders.

• 100 L of water an hour.

• Important in recycling minerals, as well as calcium carbonate.

Pg. 159 Simple Marine Animals Sponge Diversity.

Few organisms feed on sponges.

• Sea stars, snails, & fish feed on young sponges.

• Composed of rigid structures made of calcium carbonate or silica (spicules).

• Some have elastic frameworks made of fibers called spongin.

https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/47800/47878/47878_spo_spicules.htm Simple Marine Animals Complete the following pertaining to sponges.

• Read pgs. 155-160 in the textbook.

• Complete the following review within your science notebook:

1) How does a sponge obtain food if it cannot move?

2) Sketch & label (or describe) the life cycle of a sponge. Be sure to include names for each stage of development. Entry Task(s)

At which stage does the embryo first appear?

• Two-celled stage

How has a sponge adapted to feeding?

• Filter feeds Assessment MSS7-2.6 Simple Marine Animals Assessment_02

• Grab a copy of the assessment.

• Only using your knowledge of what you have learned complete the assessment.

• Once complete, raise your hand so I can collect your paper. Simple Marine Animals Complete the following pertaining to sponges.

• Read pgs. 160-162 in the textbook.

• Complete the following review within your science notebook:

1) Compare the life functions of a with those of bryozoans. Graphic Organizer What Are the Adaptations of Sponges, Rotifers, & Bryozoans?

Instructions:

• Read through the introduction to the graphic organizer.

• Using pgs. 155-162 of the textbook, fill in the graphic organizer comparing the adaptations of sponges, rotifers, & bryozoans

Note: The “Adaptations of Sponges, Rotifers, & Bryozoans” graphic organizer can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Entry Task(s)

Of the organisms described above, which is a protozoan, sponge, rotifer, & bryozoan?

• A = Sponge • B = Protozoan • C = Rotifer • D = Bryozoan Simple Marine Animals Chapter 6 Review.

• Pgs. 142-162 in the textbook.

• Answer Chapter 6 Review questions 1-23 on the worksheet provided.

- You will need to write in the answer from the textbook.

• Pages have been scanned & loaded as an assignment in google classroom (“MSS7-2.6 Assessment Review”).