Victor Mikhailovich Shaklein & Ndjelassili Bouanga Adelaide Olivia, Preparation Specifics of Students…

PREPARATION SPECIFICS OF STUDENTS-PHILOLOGISTS: MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF LITERARY AND LINGUISTIC TEXT ANALYSIS

Victor Mikhailovich Shaklein Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Academic Adviser, Head of the Department of the Russian Language and Technique of its Teaching of the Philological Faculty of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia Email: [email protected]

Ndjelassili Bouanga Adelaide Olivia Ph.D. Student of the Department of the Russian Language and Technique of its Teaching of the Philological Faculty of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia Address: Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 3, Building 1 Email: [email protected]

Abstract The article is devoted to the trends and transformations of philological education in the context of modern technologies development. The purpose of the research is to study the preparation specifics of philology students and to develop a new approach to their training, based on an effective educational methodology of literary and linguistic analysis of the text. To achieve this goal, exercises and methods are defined. Such methods were used as: comparison, contextual-interpretative, comparative-historical method and other general scientific methods. The study found that in a globalized world it is necessary to form new core competencies in students-philologists, namely the capacity for independent learning throughout life and motivation. It is possible to achieve this through rethinking pedagogical methods. The authors proved that the text is an important means of modern communication which is dynamically transformed which determines the need for its deep philological research. For this, the authors improved the method of preparing students of philology which is based on the introduction of modern information technologies into the system of literary and linguistic analysis of the text. Software products such as Compleat Lexical Tutor and ABBYY Compreno, in particular Compleat Lexical Tutor, make the process of text analysis easy.

Keywords: philology, text, analysis, literary, linguistic.

INTRODUCTION languages, but the most important thing is the In modern conditions of innovative development of a linguistic base with all technologies development and globalization, possible linguistic competencies. In addition, conceptual changes are taking place in the since language learning is a continuous requirements for the specialists of all process throughout life, motivation is of directions, and particularly for particular importance. philologists. Thus, the competence of a The aim of the research is to study the philologist obliges him to be fluent in various preparation specifics of philology students ways of conveying information. According to and the development of a new approach the Common European Framework in to their training, based on an effective modern world the requirements for the educational methodology of literary and preparation of philologists have been linguistic text analysis using modern conceptually changed. Now the main goal is information technologies. To achieve this goal not just the study of one, two or more it is necessary to perform the

91 International Journal of Language Education, Vol. 3 No. 2, October 2019 pp. 91-98 following tasks: to study the transformation of process, to modernize the courses of text in modern communications system as an disciplines (Sarré, Whyte, 2017). object of philological research, to study the Studying the world experience it should methodology of literary and linguistic text be noted that India pays special attention to analysis; to develop a modern method of philological education. Thus, in India the key preparing philology students based on the requirements during the preparation of the introduction of information technologies in student philologists are: to motivate students literary and linguistic analysis of the text. to learn the language and to expand students' The issues of modern education and the perspective on the importance of language method of preparing philology students learning for improving them to increase their receive due attention in the scientific works of competitiveness in a global society (Jeya domestic and foreign researchers. Santh et.al, 2017). As a rule, during the educational process Systematizing current requirements the in the preparation of philologists the main core competencies can be identified, which focus is on the development of four distinct the philologist should master in the learning skills, such as: listening, reading, writing and process. They are the motivation for speaking. Nevertheless, the most important continuous learning, professional self- skill is the fifth one – the culture (Kovács, improvement; the possession of modern 2017). Skills are formed on the basis of communication channels, the ability to use knowledge and abilities and represent a them at a professional level; the ability not certain conscious action aimed at achieving only to understand speech but also to feel the the goal. Modern education requirements cultural and emotional component of provide for the students the formation of not communication, skills of professional reading only skills but also a more comprehensive of the text from the perspective of the author’s concept – competencies. Competences are style. based on knowledge, skills and abilities but At the same time, the process of teaching competencies imply the result obtained using philologists at the universities of the those skills, abilities and knowledge. Thus, we Russian Federation is not always sufficiently come to the opinion that for a modern, the usage of information modern philologist it is important not only to technologies is underused. In addition, it is master the five skills, but also the key important to note that curricula for the competencies that will allow continuing the education of philologists pay more attention development and learning processes. to the development of communication skills, Other scientists note that the preparation while the development of skills for working of professional philologists requires a with texts of different complexity, style and reassessment of the value system, formation formats is studied less. of professionally important qualities that Thus, we consider it necessary to study contribute to the implementation of effective the work with texts, their analysis as an methods in the educational process (Koval, important component of the preparation of Masliuk, 2018). philology students in the language of their We also share the opinion that the world specialty. in which we live today is constantly changing due to the technological discoveries that shape METHODS our daily life. This creates the need to use the Method comparison was used in available materials about the achievements in determining the types and classification of the the field of high technologies in the learning analyzed units and the method of semantic

92 Victor Mikhailovich Shaklein & Ndjelassili Bouanga Adelaide Olivia, Preparation Specifics of Students… interpretation in interpreting the artistic Since in the modern world much of the meaning of the analyzed works, their information is transmitted through written fragments and other artistic phenomena. The communication, it is necessary for the modern comparative ̶ historical method was used in philologist to possess the skills of versatile the text analysis as a specific unit of text analysis. communication and the study of text The high level of competence in reading genesis. Contextual ̶ interpretive method is undoubtedly a critical factor in learning, was used in examining the status of the text in since it is a fundamental source of knowledge comparison with other texts, meaning of the for philology students around the world text in the context of a particular culture. The (Chodkiewicz, 2016; 2015). graphic method was also been used to The text today is becoming a particularly visualize the results obtained. The data important unit of learning. From the point of collection method is based on collecting view of linguistics, text is a part of language information from secondary resources and education. Text analysis allows determining analyzing theories that support and assist in the structural elements of the language and understanding the process of natural language features of thinking. and its implementation in education. The The transformation of the approaches to study material was literary texts of classic the linguistics of text creates opportunities for Russian works. explaining certain grammatical phenomena that cannot be explained from the standpoint RESULTS of sentence structure. An important component of effective The structure and style of the text are philological education is working with essentially defined both as external factors, texts of different complexity and style. Text such as communicative, and internal factors, as data for research in the social and human that is the emotional state of the author of the sciences has been a hot topic of debate for text. Generation of the text and its functioning decades. Interest in the features of transferring are pragmatically oriented, i.e. text is created textual information began with research, when a particular installation occurs and it propaganda, which is found in the press of functions in certain communicative conditions warring countries in the first half of the 20th (Zhazheva, Zhazheva, 2014). century (Wiedemann, 2015). During the preparation of philologists The importance of tests as a source of reading a literary work is one of the key knowledge and information is also underlined components of educational process. The by scientists who note that «pen is mightier process of reading a text, simple at first than the sword», which means that free glance, is very complex in the detailed communication (especially written) is an analysis of all aspects of text important criterion of success (Mäntylä et. al, construction. With superficial reading only 2018). the plot of the work is perceived. With a deep Text as a subject of reading was philological analysis the reader’s horizon greatly transformed in the 1960s / 1970s. Text expands, ideally approaching the author's reading was divided into two key directions: vision (Maslova, 2018). reading as literacy (the ability to recognize The processing of the author's work is and decipher the language) and reading as particularly difficult from the point of view of an interpretation (the ability to respond to the semiotics. It is not enough to group text) (Sisoєva, Sokolova, 2016). words. Instead of it it’s necessary to identify the prefixes and suffixes attached to words, as

93 International Journal of Language Education, Vol. 3 No. 2, October 2019 pp. 91-98 well as determine the meaning of words in obedience to orders, serfdom. In the poem the certain contexts. All these stages of analysis author used epithets, comparisons, require the use of much more complex paraphrases, and asyndeton. In general, the techniques (Ergün, 2017). syntax is simple - simple sentences, which There are quite a number of approaches include comparisons, homogeneous members, that are used for in-depth and comprehensive absolute participial constructions. analysis of the text as an important component Morphological structure: the abundance of the education of philologists. While of nouns that create a vivid image of anchar, analyzing the text it is necessary to apply both adjectives that describe the desert, as well as a systematic approach and take into verbs (went, flowed, returned and others) that account the semantic-syntactic structure and convey a change of actions, dynamics. the psycholinguistic approach. At the same Vocabulary: thematic, there are time, text as a special unit of communication archaisms, historicism, idioms. Speech is rich does not have a pronounced emotional context in synonyms, for example, "stunted and but it reflects the thoughts and emotions of the stingy", meaningful expressions, allegories. reader himself. Therefore, it is very important The linguistic level of work on the text to carry out literary analysis. According to it involves working with the lexical structure verbal text is an integral part of all existing and grammatical component of the text. This texts, i.e. literature, which in its turn is type of analysis is advisable to conduct in an element of human culture (Bayun, 2016; parallel with the analysis of the content of the Sisoєva, Sokolova, 2016). text, since the semantic content always affects Literary analysis is also considered to be the linguistic tools and means that are used in a study of literary work as a part of the text. literature. Linguistic analysis of the text The linguistic analysis of «Anchar» by considers the assessment of the subtlest Alexander Pushkin provides for the allocation semantic nuances of individual elements, the of blocks of information, such as the plot, its search for special meanings: words, phrases, development and ending. An important step is rhythms and other similar language elements. the analysis of lexical and grammatical Text analysis in the educational process material, the qualification of this material. of philology students contributes to the Thus, when teaching philology students it formation of necessary professional is important to instill love and motivation for competencies in the language of the specialty, methodical, detailed study of literary works at development of flexibility and figurative the scientific level in the context of linguistic thinking (Sosnin, 2018). and literary research. We consider the features of literary and In modern conditions information linguistic analysis on the example of the technology can be used to simplify the classic works of Russian literature - the poetic procedure for analyzing textual heritage of Alexander Pushkin. Let’s consider materials. Specialized programs allow for in- poem «Anchar». depth analysis of the text, its morphological The poem was written in 1828. The structure. The use of innovative learning prevailing style of this literary work is the technologies currently provides colloquial one, written during the vast information opportunities (Valeeva, transformation of the era of romanticism and 2016). its transition to the era of realism. The story is The most popular methods for processing based on a poisonous tree anchar. The main textual answers for the purpose of extracting theme of the poem is freedom of choice and and representing semantics should be systems

94 Victor Mikhailovich Shaklein & Ndjelassili Bouanga Adelaide Olivia, Preparation Specifics of Students… based on an effective combination of teaching of philologists which is based on the linguistic analysis technologies formation of competencies, as well as the use (morphological, syntactic, semantic) and of modern tools ̶ information technologies analysis methods that would reveal hidden (Fig. 1). associative dependencies within texts (Zelenskyi, 2018). Figure 1. Components of forming effective Compleat Lexical Tutor education of philology students in the (website: www.lextutor.ca ) is an effective language of specialty in the context of text text analysis tool. The site is divided into analysis sections for students, researchers and Source: developed by the authors teachers. Vocabprofile, Text Lex Compare and Concordance are popular tools. Thus, text is an important unit of With the help of Vocabprofile tool it is communication. We observe the possible to analyze text in terms of lexical transformation of text and the increase in its frequency and diapason. This is important importance in the process of communication because the study of the size and coverage of in the modern world. One of the most vocabulary has shown that the most common important skills of a philologist is the ability words in the language make up most of the to analyze the text not just from the point of text. The most common two thousand words view of understanding words, but from the occupy 81.3% of text messages. point of view of the author, his emotions Classical analysis Compleat Lexical and in the context of the cultural Tutor analyzes the text to determine which component. This is achieved through literary words are included in the first 1000 most and linguistic analysis. At the same time, common words and which are in the 2nd 1000 education programs and plans contain an most popular words (Buckmaster, 2015). insufficient number of specialized subjects ABBYY Compreno is another effective devoted to text analysis. We consider it text analysis tool. The system allows necessary to introduce an approach of literary performing semantic-syntactic text and linguistic analysis of the text in the analysis. The system of information educational process. extraction allows creating sets of rules for extracting facts and entities from unstructured DISCUSSION texts. The main advantage is that the deep The main results of the study confirm the semantic presentation of the text allows hypothesis of the need for continuous describing a number of different variants of modernization of education of philologists phrases in a very concise form. For with the aim of forming key competencies. example, there is no need to worry about word At the same time, the question of which order (which is flexible in Russian), since the methods are more effective ̶ communicative syntactic roles of different words remain ones, reading and analysis of textual sources, unchanged. remains a topical issue in the method of Thus, we consider it necessary to preparing students. As a result of the authors’ introduce an integrated approach to the study, it is possible to emphasize the significance of text as a special unit of communication and object of philological analysis. Role of the text as a carrier of information increases in the development of electronic communication. The need for a

95 International Journal of Language Education, Vol. 3 No. 2, October 2019 pp. 91-98 detailed literary and linguistic analysis of the technology development we come to the text in the preparation of philologists in the conclusion that text carriers will be more language of specialty comes forth. Authors common in the near future, and this, in have improved the method of preparing its turn, actualizes the need for linguistic and student philologists which is based on the literary analysis of texts. Modern philologists need to introduce in the system of literary and are obliged to possess such competences. linguistic text analysis of modern information The results of the study have practical technologies. value, since they can be successfully So, scientists are inclined to believe that implemented in the preparation of bachelors the preparation of a philologist consists of during the study of relevant many important aspects. A special place in the disciplines. Further research will be devoted education of a philologist occupies speech to the introduction of modern technologies in communication of students within the limits the process of teaching philologists as an of such literary themes as: the theory of integral part of the system for motivating literature; the history of literature in the global students to learn. context (Sorokina, Smovzhenko, 2018; It is a study of the field of literary textiles, 2016). CONCLUSION The strength of communicative activity Test is an important unit of modern methodologies is their verification, efficiency, communication, its role is increasing in the construction of educational models in modern technological world. Text is a accordance with psycholinguistic data complex structure which determines the need (Chodkiewicz, 2016). for not just a superficial analysis of the A significant number of philologists share meaning that is displayed in the text but also a the opinion that the methodological approach deep study of its morphological, syntactic to the study of philology should be structure in order to get closer to the author's comprehensive, since the study of philology view. The study of texts is an important through communication is only partially component of the preparation of students of successful. Studying grammar through philology in the language of specialty. It is communication is possible only especially important to carry out linguistic partially (Matus, 2018). and literary analysis of the test. A linguistic Another group of scientists comes to and literary analysis was carried out on the the conclusion that philology, the discipline of example of a text from classical Russian text comprehension, focuses on three levels of literature which allowed displaying the meaning: the text genesis, its tradition of versatility of the text as a literary unit. It is perception and its presence in the subjectivity proved that modern software allows of the philologist himself. Although all of simplifying the work of philologists and it is these three meanings can grow into forms of necessary to use in the preparation of historicism, they are usually not philology students in the language of disaggregated; instead, they are treated as specialty. mutually hostile, if not exclusive (Pollock, As a result of the study, the assigned 2014). tasks were fulfilled. Authors analyzed the Thus, there is no single approach to the requirements for modern education of formation of effective educational methods in philologists and also highlighted the key the preparation of students-philologists. On competencies that students of philology the basis of studying the sources and taking should master in studying the language of into account modern trends of communication specialty. A study of the text genesis as a unit

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