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Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012
Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Jennifer E. Manning Information Research Specialist Colleen J. Shogan Deputy Director and Senior Specialist November 26, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30261 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Summary Ninety-four women currently serve in the 112th Congress: 77 in the House (53 Democrats and 24 Republicans) and 17 in the Senate (12 Democrats and 5 Republicans). Ninety-two women were initially sworn in to the 112th Congress, two women Democratic House Members have since resigned, and four others have been elected. This number (94) is lower than the record number of 95 women who were initially elected to the 111th Congress. The first woman elected to Congress was Representative Jeannette Rankin (R-MT, 1917-1919, 1941-1943). The first woman to serve in the Senate was Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA). She was appointed in 1922 and served for only one day. A total of 278 women have served in Congress, 178 Democrats and 100 Republicans. Of these women, 239 (153 Democrats, 86 Republicans) have served only in the House of Representatives; 31 (19 Democrats, 12 Republicans) have served only in the Senate; and 8 (6 Democrats, 2 Republicans) have served in both houses. These figures include one non-voting Delegate each from Guam, Hawaii, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Currently serving Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) holds the record for length of service by a woman in Congress with 35 years (10 of which were spent in the House). -
Study Guide for the Georgia History Exemption Exam Below Are 99 Entries in the New Georgia Encyclopedia (Available At
Study guide for the Georgia History exemption exam Below are 99 entries in the New Georgia Encyclopedia (available at www.georgiaencyclopedia.org. Students who become familiar with these entries should be able to pass the Georgia history exam: 1. Georgia History: Overview 2. Mississippian Period: Overview 3. Hernando de Soto in Georgia 4. Spanish Missions 5. James Oglethorpe (1696-1785) 6. Yamacraw Indians 7. Malcontents 8. Tomochichi (ca. 1644-1739) 9. Royal Georgia, 1752-1776 10. Battle of Bloody Marsh 11. James Wright (1716-1785) 12. Salzburgers 13. Rice 14. Revolutionary War in Georgia 15. Button Gwinnett (1735-1777) 16. Lachlan McIntosh (1727-1806) 17. Mary Musgrove (ca. 1700-ca. 1763) 18. Yazoo Land Fraud 19. Major Ridge (ca. 1771-1839) 20. Eli Whitney in Georgia 21. Nancy Hart (ca. 1735-1830) 22. Slavery in Revolutionary Georgia 23. War of 1812 and Georgia 24. Cherokee Removal 25. Gold Rush 26. Cotton 27. William Harris Crawford (1772-1834) 28. John Ross (1790-1866) 29. Wilson Lumpkin (1783-1870) 30. Sequoyah (ca. 1770-ca. 1840) 31. Howell Cobb (1815-1868) 32. Robert Toombs (1810-1885) 33. Alexander Stephens (1812-1883) 34. Crawford Long (1815-1878) 35. William and Ellen Craft (1824-1900; 1826-1891) 36. Mark Anthony Cooper (1800-1885) 37. Roswell King (1765-1844) 38. Land Lottery System 39. Cherokee Removal 40. Worcester v. Georgia (1832) 41. Georgia in 1860 42. Georgia and the Sectional Crisis 43. Battle of Kennesaw Mountain 44. Sherman's March to the Sea 45. Deportation of Roswell Mill Women 46. Atlanta Campaign 47. Unionists 48. Joseph E. -
Tomochichi's Trans-Atlantic Quest for Traditional Power in The
Tomochichi’s Trans-Atlantic Quest for Traditional Power in the Colonial Southeast. By: Steven Peach Peach, S. (2013) Creek Indian Globetrotter: Tomochichi’s Trans-Atlantic Quest for Traditional Power in the Colonial Southeast. Ethnohistory, 60(4), 605-635. DOI: DOI 10.1215/00141801- 23133849 Made available courtesy of The American Society for Ethnohistory and Duke University Press: http://ethnohistory.dukejournals.org/content/60/4/605.abstract ***Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction is authorized without written permission from Duke University Press. This version of the document is not the version of record. Figures and/or pictures may be missing from this format of the document. *** Abstract: This essay reinterprets the life of a famous Muscogee Creek leader and examines the relationship between chiefly power and foreign travel in American Indian studies and Atlantic world studies. In spring 1734, the Creek headman Tomochichi and British imperialist James Edward Oglethorpe traveled to London to ratify a treaty that established the British colony of Georgia in the neighborhood of the Creek Confederacy. During his five-month sojourn, Tomochichi forged alliances with the Georgia trustees and the British royal family that resulted in a unique trans- Atlantic network of patronage. Upon return home, he leveraged his ocean-going imperial connections to craft an authoritative chieftainship that dated to the seventeenth-century Mississippian era. Keywords: history | ethnohistory | muscogee creek | chieftains | native american studies | atlantic world studies | Tomochichi Article: At the turn of the twentieth century, anthropologist John Reed Swanton recorded the origins of the Hitchiti Creeks, who spoke the Hitchiti dialect of the Muscogean (mus-KO-gee-an) language family. -
Georgia Historical Society Educator Web Guide
Georgia Historical Society Educator Web Guide Guide to the educational resources available on the GHS website Theme driven guide to: Online exhibits Biographical Materials Primary sources Classroom activities Today in Georgia History Episodes New Georgia Encyclopedia Articles Archival Collections Historical Markers Updated: July 2014 Georgia Historical Society Educator Web Guide Table of Contents Pre-Colonial Native American Cultures 1 Early European Exploration 2-3 Colonial Establishing the Colony 3-4 Trustee Georgia 5-6 Royal Georgia 7-8 Revolutionary Georgia and the American Revolution 8-10 Early Republic 10-12 Expansion and Conflict in Georgia Creek and Cherokee Removal 12-13 Technology, Agriculture, & Expansion of Slavery 14-15 Civil War, Reconstruction, and the New South Secession 15-16 Civil War 17-19 Reconstruction 19-21 New South 21-23 Rise of Modern Georgia Great Depression and the New Deal 23-24 Culture, Society, and Politics 25-26 Global Conflict World War One 26-27 World War Two 27-28 Modern Georgia Modern Civil Rights Movement 28-30 Post-World War Two Georgia 31-32 Georgia Since 1970 33-34 Pre-Colonial Chapter by Chapter Primary Sources Chapter 2 The First Peoples of Georgia Pages from the rare book Etowah Papers: Exploration of the Etowah site in Georgia. Includes images of the site and artifacts found at the site. Native American Cultures Opening America’s Archives Primary Sources Set 1 (Early Georgia) SS8H1— The development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. Illustration based on French descriptions of Florida Na- tive Americans. -
Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence Table of Contents
SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 56 Men Who Risked It All Life, Family, Fortune, Health, Future Compiled by Bob Hampton First Edition - 2014 1 SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTON Page Table of Contents………………………………………………………………...………………2 Overview………………………………………………………………………………...………..5 Painting by John Trumbull……………………………………………………………………...7 Summary of Aftermath……………………………………………….………………...……….8 Independence Day Quiz…………………………………………………….……...………...…11 NEW HAMPSHIRE Josiah Bartlett………………………………………………………………………………..…12 William Whipple..........................................................................................................................15 Matthew Thornton……………………………………………………………………...…........18 MASSACHUSETTS Samuel Adams………………………………………………………………………………..…21 John Adams………………………………………………………………………………..……25 John Hancock………………………………………………………………………………..….29 Robert Treat Paine………………………………………………………………………….….32 Elbridge Gerry……………………………………………………………………....…….……35 RHODE ISLAND Stephen Hopkins………………………………………………………………………….…….38 William Ellery……………………………………………………………………………….….41 CONNECTICUT Roger Sherman…………………………………………………………………………..……...45 Samuel Huntington…………………………………………………………………….……….48 William Williams……………………………………………………………………………….51 Oliver Wolcott…………………………………………………………………………….…….54 NEW YORK William Floyd………………………………………………………………………….………..57 Philip Livingston…………………………………………………………………………….….60 Francis Lewis…………………………………………………………………………....…..…..64 Lewis Morris………………………………………………………………………………….…67 -
A Tri-Annual Publication of the East Tennessee Historical Society
Vol. 26, No. 2 August 2010 Non-Profit Org. East Tennessee Historical Society U.S. POStage P.O. Box 1629 PAID Knoxville, TN 37901-1629 Permit No. 341 Knoxville, tenn ANDERSON KNOX BLEDSOE LOUDON BLOUNT MARION BRADLEY McMINN CAMPBELL MEIGS CARTER MONROE CLAIBORNE MORGAN COCKE POLK CUMBERLAND RHEA FENTRESS ROANE GRAINGER GREENE SCOTT HAMBLEN SEQUATCHIE HAMILTON SEVIER HANCOCK SULLIVAN HAWKINS UNICOI A Tri-Annual Publication of JEFFERSON UNION JOHNSON WASHINGTON The East Tennessee Historical Society Heritage Programs from The easT Tennessee hisTorical socieTy Were your ancestors in what is now Tennessee prior to statehood in 1796? If so, you are eligible to join the First The easT Tennessee hisTorical socieTy Families of Tennessee. Members receive a certificate engraved with the name of the applicant and that of the Making history personal ancestor and will be listed in a supplement to the popular First Families of Tennessee: A Register of the State’s Early Settlers and Their Descendants, originally published in 2000. Applicants must prove generation-by-generation descent, as well as pre-1796 residence for the ancestor. The We invite you to join one of the state’s oldest and most active historical societies. more than 14,000 applications and supporting documentation comprise a unique collection of material on our state’s earliest settlers and are available to researchers at the McClung Historical Collection in the East Members receive Tennessee History Center, 601 S. Gay St. in downtown Knoxville. • Tennessee Ancestors—triannual genealogy -
More Than Mrs Robinson: Citizenship Schools in Lowcountry South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia, 1957-1970
More Than Mrs Robinson: Citizenship Schools in Lowcountry South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia, 1957-1970 (A Dissertation submitted in requirement for the Degree of Doctor in Philosophy, The University of Nottingham, October 2009) Clare Russell 1 Abstract The first ―citizenship school‖ (a literacy class that taught adults to read and write in order that they could register to vote) was established by Highlander Folk School of Monteagle, Tennessee on Johns Island, South Carolina in 1957. Within three years, the schools were extended across the neighboring Sea Islands, to mainland Charleston and to Savannah, Georgia. In 1961, after Highlander faced legal challenges to its future, it transferred the schools to the fledgling Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), who extended the program across the South. Historians have made far-reaching claims for the successes and benefits of the schools. For example, they claim that they recruited inexperienced but committed people and raised them to the status of community leaders; that they encouraged civic cooperation and political activism and formed the ―foundation on which the civil rights movement‖ was built and they argue that the schools were an unprecedented opportunity for women to develop as activists and as leaders. Yet, they base these claims on certain myths about the schools: that the first teacher Bernice Robinson was an inexperienced and uneducated teacher, that her class was a blueprint for similar ones and that Highlander bequeathed its educational philosophy to the SCLC program. They make claims about female participation without analyzing the gender composition of classes. This dissertation challenges these assumptions by comparing and contrasting programs established in Lowcountry South Carolina and in Savannah. -
N.C. Gold Rush Reading
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Tour Guide Manual •2016 Edition
TOUR GUIDE MANUAL • 2016 Edition 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 INTRODUCTION TO THE MANUAL 27 CHAPTER 5 45 Anson Ward – Oglethorpe Square The Modern City 5 CHAPTER 1 46 Franklin Ward – Franklin Square The Development of Savannah 36 CHAPTER 6 47 Warren Ward – Warren Square The Ward System MAP OF SIGNIFICANT SITES Washington Ward – Washington MAP OF HISTORIC WARDS 10 CHAPTER 2 Square Savannah’s Evolution 38 Decker Ward – Ellis Square 48 Columbia Square – Columbia 15 CHAPTER 3 39 Derby Ward – Johnson Square Square The American Revolution 40 Heathcote Ward – Telfair Square 50 Greene Ward – Greene Square 20 CHAPTER 4 42 Percival Ward – Wright Square Liberty Ward – Liberty Square Unrest in the South 43 Reynolds Ward – Reynolds Square 51 Elbert Ward – Elbert Square 52 Jackson Ward – Orleans Square 2 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 52 Brown Ward – Chippewa Square 61 Calhoun Ward – Calhoun Square 80 CHAPTER 10 54 Crawford Ward – Crawford Wesley Ward – Whitefield Square City Ordinances for All Tour Square Guides 63 CHAPTER 7 55 Pulaski Ward – Pulaski Square The Historic District’s Burial APPENDICES Jasper Ward – Madison Square Grounds 92 APPENDIX A: Filming in Savannah 56 Lafayette Ward – Lafayette Square 65 CHAPTER 8 Gaston Street & Forsyth Park 93 APPENDIX B: Suggested 58 Troup Ward – Troup Square Readings 69 CHAPTER 9 59 Chatham Ward – Chatham Touring the Historic District’s 96 Savannah’s Research Libraries Square Perimeter and Archives Monterey Ward – Monterey Square Table of Contents 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE TOUR GUIDE MANUAL Tourism Leadership Council, TLC Tour Guide Certification development committee, TOURISM December 2015 VISION ••ADVOCACY ACTION The TLC’s Tour Guide Certification program seeks to enhance historical interpretation in the greater Savannah area. -
Westward Expansion and Indian Removal
Unit 6: The New South SS8H7 Griffith-Georgia Studies THE BIG IDEA SS8H7: The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. Evaluate- to make a judgment as to the worth or value of something; judge, assess Griffith-Georgia Studies SS8H7a SS8H7a: Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Expositions, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, The 1906 Race Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia between 1877 and 1918 Evaluate- to make a judgment as to the worth or value of something; judge, assess Griffith-Georgia Studies Bourbon Triumvirate SS8H7a Bourbon Triumvirate- GA’s 3 most powerful politicians during the Post-Reconstruction Era. Brown They were… John B. Gordon Joseph E. Brown Alfred H. Colquitt Shared power between Colquitt the governor and senate seats from 1872-1890 Gordon Griffith-Georgia Studies John B. Gordon SS8H7a Father owned a coal mine and he worked there when the Civil war broke out. Gained notoriety in the war as a distinguished Confederate officer. Wounded 5 times Political leader Generally acknowledged as head of the Ku Klux Klan in GA Member of the Bourbon Triumvirate Served multiple terms in the U.S. Senate Governor of GA from 1886 to 1890 Griffith-Georgia Studies Joseph E. Brown SS8H7a Born in SC moved to GA Briefly attended Yale Became lawyer and businessman The Civil War governor of GA One of the most successful politicians in GA’s history. Member of the Bourbon Triumvirate Brown served as a U.S. -
Ireland: an Island of Cultural Variety
1 INTRODUCTION IRELAND: AN ISLAND OF CULTURAL VARIETY Throughout its history, Ulster, the northern province of Ireland, has been a place where many different peoples have left their influence. In the last millennium Vikings, Anglo-Normans, Huguenots, Moravians, Italians, Jews and many others have settled here. The strongest cultural influences, however, have been English, Irish and Scottish, a triple blend that has given Ulster its distinctive character. At the narrowest part, only 13 miles separate Ulster – Ireland’s northern province – and Scotland. The sea has been a bridge rather than a barrier. Almost 2 million people make the crossing by ferry every year. THREE NAMES FOR THE SAME PEOPLE Ulster-Scots, Scotch-Irish and Scots-Irish are three names for a people whose origins can be traced to Scotland. In Ulster, where they settled in large numbers in the 1600s, they are known as the Ulster-Scots. In America, they are known as the Scotch-Irish or Scots-Irish. All three terms have a long pedigree – the earliest recorded use of ‘Scotch-Irish’ can be found in Maryland in 1690. THE SCOTCH-IRISH AND AMERICA Over the centuries Scotch-Irish families have travelled to every corner of the globe in search of new lives and new opportunities. In the United States their influence has been huge and their legacy includes pioneers, presidents, military commanders, religious leaders, educators, philanthropists Only two names appear on the printed Declaration of Independence. and giants of industry and commerce. John Hancock is thought to have had County Down ancestry, while Charles Thomson was born in County Londonderry. -
Female Historical Figures and Historical Topics
Female Historical Figures and Historical Topics The Georgia Historical Society offers educational materials for teachers to use as resources in the classroom. Explore this document to find highlighted materials related to Georgia and women’s history on the GHS website. In this document, explore the Georgia Historical Society’s educational materials in two sections: Female Historical Figures and Historical Topics. Both sections highlight some of the same materials that can be used for more than one classroom standard or topic. Female Historical Figures There are many women in Georgia history that the Georgia Historical Society features that can be incorporated in the classroom. Explore the readily-available resources below about female figures in Georgia history and discover how to incorporate them into lessons through the standards. Abigail Minis SS8H2 Analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history. a. Explain the importance of the Charter of 1732, including the reasons for settlement (philanthropy, economics, and defense). c. Evaluate the role of diverse groups (Jews, Salzburgers, Highland Scots, and Malcontents) in settling Georgia during the Trustee Period. e. Give examples of the kinds of goods and services produced and traded in colonial Georgia. • What group of settlers did the Minis family belong to, and how did this contribute to the settling of Georgia in the Trustee Period? • How did Abigail Minis and her family contribute to the colony of Georgia economically? What services and goods did they supply to the market? SS8H3 Analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolutionary Era. c. Analyze the significance of the Loyalists and Patriots as a part of Georgia’s role in the Revolutionary War; include the Battle of Kettle Creek and Siege of Savannah.