A Historical Study of the Nepal Baptist Church Council (NBCC)
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A Historical Study of the Nepal Baptist Church Council (NBCC) Binu Rai Supervisor Professor Dr. Marion Grau MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion, and Society, AVH5035: Thesis for Master in Religion, Society and Global Issues (60ECTS), Spring 2020 Word count: 32694 ii Acknowledgment First and foremost, all glory and honor go to God for his unconditional love and grace that strengthened me throughout my academic journey. Secondly, I express my heartfelt thanks to my supervisor, Professor Dr. Marion Grau, who has continuously been patient and supportive during the entire process of writing and researching. I express my gratitude to Rev. Daniel Subba, the founding President of the NBCC, and the whole NBCC family and administrative staff. They were so generous with their time, assistance, and contribution of the information for my research. Also, I am thankful for my friend and brother, Mr. Subash Rai, for helping with the data collection and interviews of various respondents. I have no words to thank my dear friends Audrey Thill and Madeleine Yoder, for their immense help with reading, editing, and giving feedback on my thesis. Without your support, I wouldn‘t have been able to complete this thesis. And finally, I want to dedicate this work to my late mother, Lok Maya Rai. She is the reason that I love to be a woman. I am indeed grateful to all of my family and the Itahari Baptist Church for your unconditional love and support. I would like to tell everyone who I have mentioned here that this thesis was made possible by and is the evidence of your love. iii Abstract A Historical Study of the Nepal Baptist Church Council (NBCC) is a research project about the historical development and emergence of the Baptist Church in Nepal. This Christian denomination was brought to Nepal by a group of indigenous young people who returned to their home country Nepal from Northeast India during the 1980s. Without any involvement of foreign missionaries and evangelists, they started what would later become the NBCC. Therefore, NBCC considered an ―indigenous Baptist organization‖ founded by native pioneers, and that has been part of the World Baptist Alliance (BWA) partnership over 25 years. Among the many other church denominations that exist in Nepal, this research project is focused on the Nepal Baptist Churches and leaders. Nepal is a multicultural, multi-religious, and multi-linguistic, society with people of many races, colors, casts, and ethnicities. Since ancient times, Nepal had been ruled by Hindu kings who shaped Nepal into Hindu society. The Buddhists, Muslims, and Christians, who have always been religious minorities in the country, were often vulnerable to discrimination and persecution. The thesis briefly explores the arrival of the Baptist faith in Nepal, chronicles church planting, the formation of NBCC. The conversion of pioneers and their return home, international partnership, and NBCC‘s growth as an organization and its struggles to success. The study concludes with a (presentation of the) analysis of NBCC‘s effective church planting models and administration and improvement areas based on Baptist church leader‘s interviews and opinions. These findings are gathered in adherence to empirical and qualitative methods and rely heavily on oral history, using oral theory as a method to write a history of the NBCC. iv Table of contents 1 Chapter One: Introduction ................................................................................................ 14 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 14 1.2 Background ................................................................................................................ 14 1.3 Research Overview .................................................................................................... 16 1.4 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 17 1.5 Thesis Structure ......................................................................................................... 17 1.6 Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 18 1.7 Research Motivation .................................................................................................. 18 1.8 Chapter Summary ...................................................................................................... 19 2 Chapter Two: Origin and Background of Nepalese Churches ......................................... 20 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 20 2.2 A Brief Background History of Nepal ....................................................................... 20 2.2.1 Land and People ................................................................................................. 23 2.2.2 Religious Background ........................................................................................ 25 2.2.2.1 Hinduism ..................................................................................................... 26 2.2.2.2 Buddhism .................................................................................................... 27 2.2.2.3 Islam ............................................................................................................ 28 2.2.2.4 Others .......................................................................................................... 28 2.3 Cultural Background .................................................................................................. 28 2.3.1 Festivals .............................................................................................................. 28 2.3.2 Food and Drink ................................................................................................... 29 2.3.3 Marriage ............................................................................................................. 30 v 2.4 Political and Economic Background ......................................................................... 31 2.4.1 Political Conditions ............................................................................................ 31 2.4.2 Economic Conditions ......................................................................................... 32 2.5 A brief study on the Background of Christianity in Nepal ........................................ 33 2.5.1 First Arrival of the Gospel ................................................................................. 33 2.5.2 Close Lands for the Gospel ................................................................................ 34 2.5.3 Border Evangelism ............................................................................................. 35 2.5.4 The Rise of Democracy in Nepal and Entrance of the Gospel ........................... 36 2.6 Persecution and Denominational Growth .................................................................. 38 2.7 Current Socio-Cultural Status of Christianity ........................................................... 39 2.8 Chapter Summary ...................................................................................................... 40 3 Chapter Three: Research Methodology ............................................................................ 41 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 41 3.2 Research Sampling .................................................................................................... 41 3.3 Data Collection Methods ........................................................................................... 42 3.3.1 Interview ............................................................................................................. 42 3.3.2 Observation ........................................................................................................ 43 3.4 Focus Group .............................................................................................................. 46 3.5 Data Transcription, Interpretation, Analysis and Reporting ...................................... 46 3.6 Research Reliability and Validity .............................................................................. 47 3.7 Research Ethics .......................................................................................................... 47 3.8 Chapter Summary ...................................................................................................... 48 4 Chapter Four: Theoretical Approaches ............................................................................ 48 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 48 4.2 Definition and Development of History and Historiography .................................... 49 4.2.1 History ................................................................................................................ 49 vi 4.2.2 Historiography .................................................................................................... 50 4.2.3 Development of Historiography ......................................................................... 51 4.3 The Oral History Theory: Interpretative Models and Theoretical Approaches ......... 53 4.3.1 Definition