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Strength and Resistance to Corrosion of Ties for Cavity Walls

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Strength and Resistance to Corrosion of Ties for Cavity Walls National Bureau of Standards JUL 2 2 1943 BUILDING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES REPORTS On request, the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing OfBce, Washington, D. C, will place your name on a special mailing list to receive notices of new reports in this series as soon as they are issued. There will be no charge for receiving such notices. An alternative method is to deposit with the Superintendent of Documents the sum of $5, with the request that the reports be sent to you as soon as issued, and that the cost thereof be charged against your deposit. This will provide for the mailing of the publications without delay. You will be notified when the amount of your deposit has become exhausted. If 100 copies or more of any report are ordered at one time, a discount of 25 percent is allowed. Send all orders and remittances to the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. The following publications in this series are available by purchase from the Super- intendent of Documents at the prices indicated: BMSl Research on Building Materials and Structures for Use in Low-Cost Housing 10^ BMS2 Methods of Determining the Structural Properties of Low-Cost House Constructions 10^ BMS3 SuitabiUty of Fiber Insulating Lath as a Plaster Base 10^ BMS4 Accelerated Aging of Fiber Building Boards 10^ BMS5 Structural Properties of Six Masonry Wall Constructions 15^ BMS6 Survey of Roofing Materials in the Southeastern States 15^ BMS7 Water PermeabiUty of Masonry Walls 10^ BMS8 Methods of Investigation of Surface Treatment for Corrosion Protection of Steel 10^ BMS9 Structural Properties of the Insulated Steel Construction Co.'s "Frameless-Steel" Con- structions for Walls, Partitions, Floors, and Roofs 10^ BMSIO Structural Properties of One of the "Keystone Beam Steel Floor" Constructions Spon- sored by the H. H. Robertson Co 10^ BMSll Structural Properties of the Curren Fabrihome Corporation's "Fabrihome" Construc- tions for Walls and Partitions 10^ BMS12 Structural Properties of "Steelox" Constructions for Walls, Partitions, Floors, and Roofs Sponsored by Steel Buildings, Inc 15^ BMS13 Properties of Some Fiber Building Boards of Current Manufacture 10^ BMS14 Indentation and Recovery of Low-Cost Floor Coverings 10^ BMS15 Structural Properties of "Wheeling Long-Span Steel Floor" Construction Sponsored by the Wheeling Corrugating Co 10^ BMS16 Structural Properties of a "Tilecrete" Floor Construction Sponsored by Tilecrete Floors, Inc m BMSl 7 Sound Insulation of Wall and Floor Constructions 10 Supplement to BMS 17, Sound Insulation of Wall and Floor Constructions „_ 5(i BMS18 Structural Properties of "Pre-fab" Constructions for Walla, Partitions, and Floors Sponsored by the Hamischfeger Corporation 10^ BMS19 Preparation and Revision of Building Codes 16)5 BMS20 Structural Properties of "Twachtman" Constructions for Walls and Floors Sponsored by Connecticut Pre-Cast Buildings Corooration 10^ BMS21 Structural Properties of a Concrete-Block Cavity-Wall Construction Sponsored by the National Concrete Masonry Association 10^ BMS22 Structural Properties of "Dun-Ti-Stone" Wall Construction Sponsored by the W. E. Dunn Manufacturing Co 10f5 BMS23 Structural Properties of a Brick Cavity-Wall Construction Sponsored by the Brick Manufacturers Association of New York, Inc 10^ BMS24 Structural Properties of a Reinforced-Brick Wall Construction and a Brick-Tile Cavity- Wall Construction Sponsored by the Structural Clay Products Institute 10^ BMS25 Structural Properties of Conventional Wood-Frame Constructions for Walls, Partitions, Floors, and Roofs 16^ BMS26 Structural Properties of "Nelson Pre-Cast Concrete Foundation" Wall Construction Sponsored by the Nelson Cement Stone Co., Inc lOi BMS27 Structural Properties of "Bender Steel Home" Wall Construction Sponsored by the Bender Body Co 10^ BMS28 Backflow Prevention in Over-Rim Water Supplies 10^ BMS29 Survey of Roofing Materials in the Northeastern States lOjS BMS30 Structural Properties of a Wood-Frame Wall Construction Sponsored by the Douglas Fir Plywood Association 10^ BMS31 Structural Properties of "Insulite" Wall and "Insulite" Partition Constructions Spon- sored by The Insulite Co , . — 15^ [List continued on cover page m] UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE • Jesse H. Jones, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS • Lyman J. Briggs, Director BUILDING MATERIALS and STRUCTURES REPORT BMSlOl Strength and Resistance to Corrosion of Ties for Cavity Walls by CYRUS C. FISHBURN ISSUED JULY 1, 1943 The National Bureau of Standards is a fact-finding organization; it does not "approve" any particular material or method ot con- struction. The technical findings in this series ot reports are to be construed accordmgly UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1943 FOR SALE BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. • PRICE lO CENTS Foreword Ties for cavity-wall construction are usually specified in accord- ance with empirical rules for a minimum thickness and a minimum spacing. This report presents data on the resistance to axial loads of wall ties and the corrosion resistance of some steel ties exposed to weathering, either when unprotected or when coated with corrosive- resistant metals, portland cement, or a bituminous paint. Lyman J. Briggs, Director. [II] Strength and Resistance to Corrosion of Ties for Cavity Walls by CYRUS C. FISHBURN CONT E NTS Page Page Foreword ii III. Method of testing—Continued I. iBtroduction 1 2. Weathering tests 5 II. Specimens 2 (a) Indoor-weathering exposure 5 (b) Outdoor-weathering exposure. 5 1. Materials 2 IV. Results of the strength tests 5 (a) Ties 2 1. Compressive strength 5 (b) Brick 3 (a) Effect of shape and diameter of (c) Mortars 3 steel ties 6 and coal-tar- (d) Cementitious (b) Strength of specimens contain- paint coatings 3 ing Copperweld, corrugated 2. Construction of specimens 4 galvanized steel, and cement- (a) Compressive-strength speci- asbestos ties 6 mens 4 2. Tensile strength 6 3. Discussion of strength data 7 (b) Tensile-strength specimens 5 V. Results of weathering tests 7 (c) Indoor-weathering specimens. _ 5 1. Indoor exposure 7 (d) Outdoor-weathering specimens^ 5 2. Outdoor exposure 8 III. Method of testing 5 VI. Summary and conclusions 8 1. Tests for structural strength 5 1. Compressive strength 8 (a) Compressive-strength test 5 2. Tensile strength 8 (b) Tensile-strength test 5 3. Corrosion of the ties 9 ABSTRACT built cavity construction has two desirable features, namely, a high resistance to rain The resistance to axial loads of ties for cavity walls penetration and a greater heat insulation than was determined by testing steel and cement-asbestos solid walls of the same materials and thickness. ties when they were embedded at the ends in brick masonry. Fourteen different ties and three mortars Available evidence,^ based largely on exper- were represented in a group of about 110 specimens. ience, indicated that steel ties equivalent in The ties, with one exception, when spaced one to every strength to }^-in. steel bars have adequate 2 wall area, provided connections of ample 3 ft of strength when well anchored in strong mortar. strength to resist the usual lateral forces to which Also that galvanized iron or steel ties are likely cavity walls are subjected. The corrosion resistance of some of the steel ties was to have a satisfactory durability for use in measured by exposing them when unprotected and when ordinary buildings under conditions of normal coated to accelerated and to outdoor weathering. exposure. For monumental structures or for unusually corrosive conditions more resistive materials would be preferable. I. INTRODUCTION The tests described in this report were made The cavity wall, a form of hollow masonry- to determine : (a) the strength of ties under axial wall construction widely nsed in Great Britain, tensile and compressive loads and .(b) the cor- and to some extent elsewhere, consists of two rosion resistance of steel ties coated with vari- parallel tiers of unit masonry separated by a ous materials. Fourteen different types of ties cavity about 2 in. wide. The tiers continuous and three moi'tars were represented in the are joined by ties, usually consisting of bent steel specimens subjected to strength tests. The rods or wires spaced one for each 2 or 3 ft ^ of ties exposed to accelerated or outdoor weather- According to Fitzmaurice,^ properly wall area. ing were either unprotected or coated with 1 Principles of Modern Building, vol. 1, Walls, Partitions and Chim- neys, London (1939), p. 159. ' Footnote 1, p. 164 to 166. [1] — — copper, zinc, portland-cement mortar, or coal- tie. The square ties 9, 10, and 11 were cut tar paint. from welded wire fabric, donated by the Pitts- II. SPECIMENS Table 1. Wall ties 1. Materials Over-all dimensions (a) Ties number | Kind of material J. y yKi Length Width ness. Thick- The ties used in the compressive-strength Tie w specimens are illustrated and described in In. 7?!. In. figure 1 and table 1, respectively. Ties 1 and 2 1 Copperweld ^ 6 6 0. 183 2 do 6 6 .207 Do. (fig. 1), made of copper-coated steel, are known ^ 3 Steel Q 6 G . 188 Do 4 do 8 6 4 .158 Do! as Copperweld nonrusting cavity-wall ties, and 5 do 8 6 6 .158 Do. 6 do 8 6 8 .158 Do. were donated by the Copperweld Steel Co., 7 do 10 6 6 .131 Do. 8 Steel b 8 6 4 .158 Rectangular, ends but- Glassport, Pa. Tie 1 was No. 182-30 type ted on 4 in. side. 0 do b 6 7 7 .192 Welded wire fabric, 6- Z-6300. Tie 2 was No. 204-30. by 6-in. mesh. 10 do 8 7 7 .161 Do. Ties 3 to 8, inclusive, were made of concrete- 11 do 10 7 7 .135 Do. 12 Steel, galvanized"- 24 6.8 0.94 .06 Corrugated, 5^-in.
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