Department of Architecture & Planning Vnit, Nagpur
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The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: the Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry Versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry
Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume 5 Issue 2 135-172 2015 The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry Nelly Shafik Ramzy Sinai University Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Ramzy, Nelly Shafik. "The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry." Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture 5, 2 (2015): 135-172. https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol5/iss2/7 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art History at Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture by an authorized editor of Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ramzy The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry By Nelly Shafik Ramzy, Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Sinai University, El Masaeed, El Arish City, Egypt 1. Introduction When performing geometrical analysis of historical buildings, it is important to keep in mind what were the intentions -
The Abey Brickie's Guide
The Abey Brickie’s Guide Aussie Made for Aussie Trades abeytrade.com.au In the beginning there was Man… Then the Wife arrived and wanted a new solid brick home to live in – complete with all the mod cons. They included a solid brick garage, an ensuite, powder room, toilet, bathroom with hot and cold running water, shower and spa, an open, exposed brick fireplace in the lounge room, a deluxe modern kitchen, dishwasher, triple bowl sink and mixer tap, laundry with water saver washer, outside hot and cold tap to wash the dog, a swimming pool with brick paving and fencing for when the kids arrive, with an outdoor shower and some rainwater tanks, grey water recycling system and a reticulation watering system for the manicured gardens with a small water feature, bricked in courtyard with bricked in BBQ and feature wall area… Then came the Brickie The Abey Brickie’s Guide abeytrade.com.au 3 Contents Introduction 6 This Brickies Guide has been developed to assist brick Brickie’s Etiquette 7 layers, builders, architects and specifiers in selecting Learning from Our Past 8 and using Abey’s complete range of masonry Corrosion Zones 10 products. Abey is a wholly owned, third generation, Masonry Veneer Construction 12 Australian family company. All Abey masonry Sheriff Veneer Ties 14 products are proudly Australian made in Australia Brick Tie Spacings for Veneer Construction 15 to conform to Australian Building Standards and Sheriff Veneer Ties 16 conditions. For over 50 years, Abey have been the Tremor Veneer Ties 18 leaders and innovators in masonry brick ties. -
Characterisation and Consolidation of Historical Lime Mortars in Cultural Heritage Buildings and Associated Structures in East Africa
Characterisation and Consolidation of Historical Lime Mortars in Cultural Heritage Buildings and Associated Structures in East Africa Athuman M. K. Ngoma TRIKA-BKN. Bulletin 101, 2009 ISSN 1103-4270 ISRN KTH/BKN/B--101--SE Doctoral Thesis The Artichoke At first glance it seems unappetizing, even forbidding, with the meagre edible matter in its hard exterior. The reward, however, comes in taking it apart, devouring it leaf by leaf. Its leaves slowly become more tender and tastier, until you arrive at the succulent heart. ii ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................................viii PREFACE ................................................................................................................................ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Problem Identification .................................................................... 1 1.2 Restoration of Historical Structure............................................................................. 3 1.3 Objectives, Limitations and Method .......................................................................... 3 CHAPTER TWO: MORTAR AND MORTAR DAMAGE................................................. 5 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... -
Assessing Alexander's Later Contributions to a Science of Cities
Review Assessing Alexander’s Later Contributions to a Science of Cities Michael W. Mehaffy KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden; mmehaff[email protected] or michael.mehaff[email protected] Received: 23 April 2019; Accepted: 28 May 2019; Published: 30 May 2019 Abstract: Christopher Alexander published his longest and arguably most philosophical work, The Nature of Order, beginning in 2003. Early criticism assessed that text to be a speculative failure; at best, unrelated to Alexander’s earlier, mathematically grounded work. On the contrary, this review presents evidence that the newer work was a logically consistent culmination of a lifelong and remarkably useful inquiry into part-whole relations—an ancient but still-relevant and even urgent topic of design, architecture, urbanism, and science. Further evidence demonstrates that Alexander’s practical contributions are remarkably prodigious beyond architecture, in fields as diverse as computer science, biology and organization theory, and that these contributions continue today. This review assesses the potential for more particular contributions to the urban professions from the later work, and specifically, to an emerging “science of cities.” It examines the practical, as well as philosophical contributions of Alexander’s proposed tools and methodologies for the design process, considering both their quantitative and qualitative aspects, and their potential compatibility with other tools and strategies now emerging from the science of cities. Finally, it highlights Alexander’s challenge to an architecture profession that seems increasingly isolated, mired in abstraction, and incapable of effectively responding to larger technological and philosophical challenges. Keywords: Christopher Alexander; The Nature of Order; pattern language; structure-preserving transformations; science of cities 1. -
Retrofit Helical Wall Ties and Reinforcements for Seismic Upgrades Seismic Upgrades
Retrofit Helical Wall Ties and Reinforcements for Seismic Upgrades Seismic Upgrades With earthquakes seeming to occur on with extensive independent testing, which an increasingly frequent basis around the have proved effective in maintaining and world, the need for improved structural restoring structural integrity to aged, performance, to protect the public from weathered and damaged masonry. harm and buildings from destruction, has been receiving far greater attention. These retrofit systems are now being extensively used in seismic areas to add It has become more important to find a strength and ductility to masonry cost-effective means of maintaining and elements when upgrading vulnerable upgrading buildings in order for them to buildings. better withstand the stresses of seismic activity. Seismically upgrading buildings is important for both safety and practical Helifix has an extensive range of reasons. Earthquakes cause major remedial ties, fixings and reinforcements, disruption and can lead to loss of life. developed through years of on-site Proactively using low cost Helifix retrofit application and experience combined systems may help manage seismic risk. Contents Seismic Upgrades ................................................2 Earthquakes and Masonry ..............................3 Seismic Upgrade Techniques ....................4-5 Summary of Testing ......................................6-7 2 Earthquakes and Masonry Earthquakes are a global phenomenon. As a popular and well-established Most occur at plate boundaries and -
The Patterns of Architecture/T3xture
THE PATTERNS OF ARCHITECTURE NIKOS A. SALINGAROS Published in Lynda Burke, Randy Sovich, and Craig Purcell, Editors: T3XTURE No. 3, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016, pages 7-24. EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION Pattern theory has not as yet transformed architectural practice—despite the acclaim for A Pattern Language, 1 Christopher Alexander’s book, which introduced and substantiated the theory. However, it has generated a great amount of far-ranging, supportive scholarship. In this essay Nikos Salingaros expands the scope of the pattern types under consideration, and explicates some of the mathematical, scientific and humanistic justification for the pattern approach. The author also argues for the manifest superiority of the pattern approach to design over Modernist and contemporary theories of the last one hundred years. To a great extent Dr. Salingaros’s conviction rests on the process and goals of the pattern language method which have as their basis the fundamental realities of the natural world: the mathematics of nature (many that have been studied since the beginning of human history); the process of organic development; and the ideal structural environment for human activity. For Salingaros, Alexander, et al. aesthetics in Architecture derive from these principles rather than from notions of style or artistic inspiration. AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION — KEY PATTERN CONCEPTS Pattern. A pattern is a discovered organization of space, and also a coherent merging of geometry with human actions. In common usage “pattern” has an expansive definition. In Architecture “pattern” often equates with “solution”. In any discussion of architectural pattern theory the word “pattern” itself is used repeatedly, often with reference to somewhat different concepts. -
Working with Fractals a Resource for Practitioners of Biophilic Design
WORKING WITH FRACTALS A RESOURCE FOR PRACTITIONERS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN A PROJECT OF THE EUROPEAN ‘COST RESTORE ACTION’ PREPARED BY RITA TROMBIN IN COLLABORATION WITH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This toolkit is the result of a joint effort between Terrapin Bright Green, Cost RESTORE Action (REthinking Sustainability TOwards a Regenerative Economy), EURAC Research, International Living Future Institute, Living Future Europe and many other partners, including industry professionals and academics. AUTHOR Rita Trombin SUPERVISOR & EDITOR Catherine O. Ryan CONTRIBUTORS Belal Abboushi, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Luca Baraldo, COOKFOX Architects DCP Bethany Borel, COOKFOX Architects DCP Bill Browning, Terrapin Bright Green Judith Heerwagen, University of Washington Giammarco Nalin, Goethe Universität Kari Pei, Interface Nikos Salingaros, University of Texas at San Antonio Catherine Stolarski, Catherine Stolarski Design Richard Taylor, University of Oregon Dakota Walker, Terrapin Bright Green Emily Winer, International Well Building Institute CITATION Rita Trombin, ‘Working with fractals: a resource companion for practitioners of biophilic design’. Report, Terrapin Bright Green: New York, 31 December 2020. Revised June 2021 © 2020 Terrapin Bright Green LLC For inquiries: [email protected] or [email protected] COVER DESIGN: Catherine O. Ryan COVER IMAGES: Ice crystals (snow-603675) by Quartzla from Pixabay; fractal gasket snowflake by Catherine Stolarski Design. 2 Working with Fractals: A Toolkit © 2020 Terrapin Bright Green LLC -
The Impacts of Symmetry in Architecture and Urbanism: Toward a New Research Agenda
buildings Article The Impacts of Symmetry in Architecture and Urbanism: Toward a New Research Agenda Michael W. Mehaffy Centre for the Future of Places, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden; mmehaff[email protected] Received: 7 November 2020; Accepted: 15 December 2020; Published: 19 December 2020 Abstract: Architecture has an ancient relationship to mathematics, and symmetry—in the broad sense of the term—is a core topic of both. Yet the contemporary application of theories of symmetry to architecture and built environments is a surprisingly immature area of research. At the same time, research is showing a divergence between the benefits of and preferences for natural environments on the one hand, and built environments on the other, demonstrating relatively deleterious effects of many contemporary built environments. Yet the research cannot yet pinpoint the actual geometric factors of architecture and urbanism that could produce such an important divergence. This paper explores this research gap, surveying the literature across a range of fields, and assessing current evidence for the impacts of symmetry in the built environment upon human perception and well-being. As an emerging case study, it considers the recent work by Christopher Alexander and Nikos Salingaros, two trained mathematicians who have made notable contributions to architecture and urbanism. The conclusion proposes a new research agenda toward further development of this immature subject area. Keywords: symmetry; aesthetics; geometry; biophilia; environmental preference 1. Introduction The application of mathematics to architecture is very likely as old as architecture itself [1]. From the use of arithmetic to measure lengths, to the calculation of squares and angles, to the complex analysis of structural loading capacities, mathematics has served architecture as an essential toolset to improve quality and performance. -
Review of Corrosion Resistance of Metal Components in Masonry Cladding on Buildings Maurenbrecher, A
NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Review of Corrosion Resistance of Metal Components in Masonry Cladding on Buildings Maurenbrecher, A. H. P.; Brousseau, R. J. For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous. Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur: https://doi.org/10.4224/20375456 Internal Report (National Research Council of Canada. Institute for Research in Construction), 1993-02 NRC Publications Archive Record / Notice des Archives des publications du CNRC : https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=5d97d024-63ac-4916-825f-12d713931406 https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=5d97d024-63ac-4916-825f-12d713931406 Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à [email protected]. -
Conversations with Alexander
Conversations with Alexander David West, Transcendence Corporation _______________________________________________________________________ This is an essay about the author’s interaction with ideas advanced by Christopher Alexander. The essay has three inter-related themes: Alexander’s ideas and how they influenced the author’s own work; Alexander’s impact (or lack of it) on software development in general; and the Patterns Movement that Alexander is credited for inspiring. ACM Reference Format: West, D.. 2012. Conversations With Alexander. ACM 21 pages. Our first, meeting was in 1987. The meeting place, Notes on the Synthesis of Form (Notes) - a small book with a stark black cover and white text; an edited version of Alexander’s doctoral thesis twenty years earlier. I was a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin – Madison. I had returned to school (leaving Macalester the second semester of my senior year) two years earlier (1985) after seventeen years working as a software development professional. By 1987 I had finished my undergraduate credits and completed two masters degrees, one in computer science and the other in cultural anthropology and was working on my Ph.D., ostensibly in cognitive anthropology but really interdisciplinary. I had three anthropologists, two computer scientists, a linguist and a psychologist as my dissertation committee. Although my CS Masters was in the area of artificial intelligence, I was convinced that the computational model of cognition was, not only wrong, but silly. It seemed that the model willfully ignored 99% of cognition to focus only on the simplest elements, those that a computer could simulate. My dissertation research was focused on devising a model of cognition that at least incorporated the role of culture. -
14 Patterns of Biophilic Design
14 PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN IMPROVING HEALTH & WELL-BEING IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT “…the enjoyment of scenery employs the mind without fatigue and yet exercises it, tranquilizes it and yet enlivens it; and thus, through the influence of the mind over the body, gives the effect of refreshing rest and reinvigoration to the whole system.” Frederick Law Olmsted, 1865 Introduction to Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove: A Preliminary Report 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was supported by Terrapin Bright Green, LLC. We thank Alice Hartley for editorial assistance, Allison Bernett and Cas Smith for production assistance, the Review Committee and Contributors for their technical guidance and expertise, Georgy Olivieri for her relentless energy and dedication to spreading the word, Stefano Serafini and the International Society of Biourbanism for providing guidance and encouragement. CO-AUTHORS William Browning, Hon. AIA Terrapin Bright Green Catherine Ryan Terrapin Bright Green Joseph Clancy Pegasus Planning Group Ltd. REVIEW COMMITTEE Sally Augustin, PhD Design With Science; Research Design Connections Judith Heerwagen, PhD J.H. Heerwagen & Associates; University of Washington, Department of Architecture Lance Hosey, FAIA RTKL CONTRIBUTORS Scott Andrews Terrapin Bright Green Gail Brager, PhD University of California at Berkeley, Center for the Built Environment Zafir Buraei, PhD Pace University, Department of Biology and Health Sciences Nancy Clanton, PE, FIES, IALD Clanton & Associates, Inc. Chris Garvin, AIA Terrapin -
Architecture, Patterns, and Mathematics Nikos A. Salingaros
Nexus Esecutivo 19-01-2004 9:18 Seite 75 Nikos A. Architecture, Patterns, Salingaros and Mathematics Nikos Salingaros posits the importance of architectural pattern in man’s intellectual development, examining how twentieth century architectural attitudes towards decoration and pattern have impoverished man’s experience of both mathematics and the built environment. Introduction The traditionally intimate relationship between architecture and mathematics changed in the twentieth century. Architecture students are no longer required to have a mathematical background. While a problem in itself, a far more serious possibility is that contemporary architecture and design may be promoting an anti-mathematical mind-set. The modernist movement suppresses pattern in architecture, and this has profound implications for society as a whole. Mathematics is a science of patterns, and the presence or absence of patterns in our surroundings influences how easily one is able to grasp concepts that rely on patterns. Eliminating patterns from twentieth-century architecture affects our capacity to process and interpret patterns in thought. Mathematics, and the intellectual patterns it embodies, lie outside our contemporary, explicitly anti-pattern architectural world-view. Mathematics teachers are bemoaning the fact that there is less and less interest in mathematics, which has resulted in a declining mathematical capacity among students. This stands in sharp contrast - indeed a contradiction - with the increasing technological advances we are witnessing in our times. Here, it is proposed that an environmental factor might contribute to the overall decline of mathematics in our society. This theory arose from the author’s interest in the theoretical basis behind architectural styles from different periods and regions.