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Pocket Guide to Brick and CMU Construction

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Pocket Guide to Brick and CMU Construction POCKET GUIDE BRICK AND CMU CONSTRUCTION Pocket Guide to Brick and CMU Construction This publication ©2012 Masonry Institute of Washington. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced by any means, conventional or electronic, without written consent obtained in advance from the Masonry Institute of Washington. Masonry Institute of Washington 10519 NE 38th Place, Building 12 Kirkland, WA 98033 www.MasonryInstitute.com www.MasonryDetails.com Table of Contents Unit Position Terminology 4 Common Bond Patterns 5 Brick and CMU ASTM Standards 7 Condensed ASTM C-90 14 Condensed ASTM C-216 16 Mortar Joint Styles 18 Mortar Types and Proportions 19 Site Tolerances for Masonry 21 Control/Expansion Joint Placement 23 Fire Resistance Ratings 25 Sound Transmission Ratings 27 Weep Holes 29 Flashing 29 Weather Resistive Barriers 30 Cleaning Masonry 31 Water Repellents 32 Wall System Details 34 Glossary of Brick and CMU Terms 43 3 Unit Position Terminology Wythe Course Rowlock Stretcher Shiner Header Soldier 4 Common Bond Patterns There are number of traditional bond patterns used for both functional and aesthetic purposes. Historically, the Running Bond pattern has been the most utilized. It is often used where the width of the unit is half the length (i.e. 8” long x 4” wide), allowing ease of use on corners. 1/3rd Running Bond is typically used where the unit width is 1/3 the length (i.e. 12” long x 4” wide). Stack Bond is most effectively used with units that have very little size variance, but does not have the structural strength of Running Bond. Bond patterns such as Flemish Bond, English Bond, Dutch Bond/English Cross, Common Bond - 6th Course Header and Common Bond - 6th Course Flemish Header with header units and courses were traditionally used in double-wythe brick construction to bond separate wythes together for structural strength. As this type of construction is no longer widely used, these bond patterns are often utilized solely for aesthetic purposes in modern design. Running Bond Stack Bond 5 Common Bond Patterns 1/3 Running Bond Common Bond 6th Course Header Flemish Bond Common Bond 6th Course Flemish Header English Bond English Cross or Dutch Bond 6 Brick and CMU ASTM Standards BRICK C 32: Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made from Clay or Shale) C 43: Terminology of Structural Clay Products C 55: Specification for Concrete Brick C 62: Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale) C 67: Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile C 73: Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand- Lime Brick) C 126: Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick and Solid Masonry Units C 216: Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale) C 279: Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units C 652: Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale) C 901: Specification for Prefabricated Masonry Panels C 980: Specification for Industrial Chimney Lining Brick C 1006: Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Masonry Units 7 Brick and CMU ASTM Standards BRICK (Cont.) C 1072: Test Method for Measurements of Masonry Flexural Bond Strength C 1088: Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units Made from Clay or Shale C 1261: Specification for Firebox Brick for Residential Fireplaces C 1298: Guide for Design and Construction of Brick Liners for Industrial Chimneys C 1405: Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, Solid Brick Units) CMU C 75: Sampling Aggregates C 90: Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units C 129: Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry Units C 139: Specification for Concrete Masonry Units for Construction of Catch Basins and Manholes C 140: Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units C 331: Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units C 426: Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Masonry Units 8 Brick and CMU ASTM Standards CMU (Cont.) C 618: Specification for Coal Flu Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as Mineral Admixture Concrete C 979: Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete C 1209: Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units C 1262: Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Manufactured Concrete Masonry Units and Related Concrete C 1372: Specification for Segmental Retaining Wall Units C 1552: Practice for Capping Concrete Masonry Units, Related Units and Masonry Prisms for Compression Testing Mortar and Grout C 5: Specification for Quicklime for Structural Purposes C 51: Definition of Terms Relating to Lime and Limestone C 91: Specification for Masonry Cement C 109: Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50- mm] Cube Specimens) 9 Brick and CMU ASTM Standards Mortar and Grout (Cont.) C 110: Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone C 143: Test Methods for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete C 144: Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar C 150: Specification for Portland Cement C 185: Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar C 207: Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes C 270: Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry C 395: Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Resin Mortars C 404: Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout C 476: Specification for Grout Masonry C 780: Test Method for Preconstruction and Construction Evaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced Masonry Units C 887: Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Surface Bonding Mortar C 952: Test Method for Bond Strength of Mortars to Masonry Units 10 Brick and CMU ASTM Standards Mortar and Grout (Cont.) C 1019: Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout C 1142: Specification for Extended Life Mortar for Units Masonry C 1180: Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry C 1324: Test Method for Examination and Analysis of Hardened Masonry Mortar C 1329: Specification for Mortar Cement C 1357: Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry Bond Strength C 1384: Specification for Admixtures for Masonry Mortars C 1403: Test Method for Rate of Water Absorption of Masonry Mortars C 1437: Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar C 1586: Guide for Quality Assurance of Mortars Assembly Components A 82: Cold Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement A 90: Test for Weight of Coating on Zinc-Coated Masonry (Galvanized) Iron or Steel Articles 11 Brick and CMU ASTM Standards Assembly Components (Cont.) A 123: Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products A 496: Deformed Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement A 615: Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement A 617: Axle-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement A 951: Specification for Masonry Joint Reinforcement C 516: Vermiculite Loose Fill Insulation C 549: Perlite Loose Fill Insulation C 920: Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants E 488: Test Methods for Strength of Anchors in Concrete and Masonry Elements E 754: Test Method for Pullout Resistance of Ties and Anchors Embedded in Masonry Mortar Joints Pavers C 410: Specification for Industrial Floor Brick C 902: Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick C 936: Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units 12 Brick and CMU ASTM Standards Pavers (Cont.) C 1272: Standard Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick C 1319: Specification for Concrete Grid Paving Units C 1491: Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers Other Related Standards C 901: Prefabricated Masonry Products C 1232: Terminology of Masonry C 1314: Test Method for Compressive Strength of Masonry Prisms C 1400: Guide for Reduction of Efflorescence Potential in New Masonry Walls C1601: Test Method for the Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall Surfaces E 514: Test Methods for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry E 518: Test Methods for Flexural Bond Strength of Masonry E 519: Test Methods for Diagonal Tension (Shear) in Masonry Assemblages E 1857: Guide for Selection of Cleaning Techniques for Masonry, Concrete, and Stucco Surfaces E 2260: Guide for Repointing (Tuckpointing) Historic Masonry 13 ASTM C-90 Condensed Oven-Dry Density Maximum Water Minimum Net Density of Concrete, lb/ Absorption, lb/ft3 Area Compressive Classification ft3 (kg/m3) (kg/m3) Strength, lb/ft2 Avg of 3 Units Avg - 3 Indiv Avg - 3 Indiv Units Unit Units Unit Lightweight Less than 105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 1900 1700 (13.1) (11.7) Medium Weight 105 to less than 125 15 (240) 17 (272) 1900 1700 (1680-2000) (13.1) (11.7) Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 1900 1700 (13.1) (11.7) Permissible Variations in Dimension: • Standard Units: For standard units, no overall dimension (width, height and length) shall differ by more than +/- 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified dimensions. • Particular Feature Units: For particular feature units, the dimensions shall be in accordance with the following: 1. For molded face units, no overall dimension shall differ by more than +/- 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standard dimension. Dimensions of molded features shall be within +/- 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) of the specified standard dimensions and shall be within +/- 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) of the specified placement of the molded feature. 2. For split-faced units, all non-split overall dimensions shall differ by not more than +/- 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standard dimensions. 3. For slump units, no overall height dimension shall differ by more than +/- 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standard dimension. 14 ASTM C-90 Condensed Materials and Finish: • All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement of the unit or significantly impair the strength or permanence of the construction.
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