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Science:—Puvwrhii Sndaiiictis Mts. and Staiiltyi Animillaiin Wtnui Phil,, Pahidina Unicolor Oliv. (Var.), Cleol'aira Tmini

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Science:—Puvwrhii Sndaiiictis Mts. and Staiiltyi Animillaiin Wtnui Phil,, Pahidina Unicolor Oliv. (Var.), Cleol'aira Tmini THE MOLLUSCA OF LAKE ALBERT NYAN2A. Bv M. CONNOLLY. (Read before the Soiie-ty. M ay yth, The only compreliensivc work on ilie fresh water ninllu?ca of Lake Albert Nyanza is that of E. A. Smilli' who recorded from it in i 8 8 S the following fifteen species, of which five were sii|iposed lo l>e new to science:—PUvwrhii sndaiiictis Mts. and staiiltyi AniMillaiin w tnui Phil,, Pahidina unicolor Oliv. (var.), Cleol'aira tmini Sniilh. Bythitiia alhtrli and waHeri Smith, Mtlanhx lul'tradnta Miill. and Hricinctn Smith, Unio irgyptiaius Caill., cnUIauJi I'er, and acuminatus H. Adams, Corbicuui nidiala and /'usilla l’hih|>pi. Since that date von Martens’ and Oennain“ have jiulili.shed slij;ht emendations of Smith's list and Cox' has broken entirely fresh ground of the most absorbing interest by describing a collection of fossils, of which at least five are new to science, made by 10. J. Wayland at Kaiso, near the eastern shore of the lake ; while, sub seqnent to tiie reading of the present paper, there has a]ipe:ired the magnificent work of Pilsbry and I!equa;rt' on the aquatic Mollusca of the Jielgian Congo, in which will be fonnd full geograjihical refer­ ences to all the recent species known to have been collected in Lake Albert. It might therefore seem that anything further on this snbject would be superfluous at the present juncture, but as a matter of fact, durnig the last three years Mr. and Mrs. A. O, Kisher and Captain C. R. S. Pitman have sent home collections which add to this fauna several fresh inhabitants, in addition to increasing our knowledge of the older, so that the following paper may be acceptable as a sequel to Smith’s earlier work. It will be noted that two of his original fifteen species have to be eliminated from the present list, while only nine of the remainder retain the names under which he listed them. As none of the fossils have so far been identified as still living in the lake, I propose to deal with the two sections separately. Nc refer­ ences to literature are given unless they have some important bearing on the present study. I include in the body of my list all species which have rightly or wrongly been recorded from the lake, and have adopted without question, save in one or two cases, the nomenclature employed by Pilsbry and Bequasrt. I P.Z.S., 1888, pp. sa-56. s Deutscb O&t Africa, iv, 1897, pp. 3S9-3g4. 3 Arcb. Zool. Kxpdr., iv, 1907, pp. 134-127 and Voy. Bali.iiili, 1930, pp. 59-55. 4 Tbe Geology and Palnontology of the Kaiso Buiie-Beds (Government Press, Uganda 1926, pp. S3-7»). 5 Bull. Amer. Mus. N a t Hist., liii, 1927. (a) RECENT SPECIES. Family PI.ANORBID.®. Genus Planorbis Geoff. Planorbis sudanicus Mts. 18 7 0 Planorbis sudanUus Mts., Mai. Blalt., xvii, p. 3 5 . 18 8 8 do do do. Smith, P.Z.S., p. 5 5 . 1897 do do var. major, Mts., U.O.A., iv, p. 1 46. 1927 do do tanganikanus Bgl., P. & B., Bull. Amcr. Mus. N.H., liil, p. 122. Hab. Lake Albert (Emin ; Baker); Toro District, South shore of lake (Fisher); Ndandaraira (Pitman). Judging from such specimens as I have seen, I am inclined to agree with the nomenclature adopted above by Pilsbry and Bequasrt. Planorbis e:ibbonsi Nels. 18 7 8 Planorbis gibbomi Nels., Q. J. of C., i, p. 3 7 9 ; pi. iv, f. 3 . 1897 do do do Mts., D.O.A,, iv, p. 1 50. 1927 do {Gyraulus) do do P. & B., Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H., liii, p. 1 2 6 . Hal). Lake Albert, Kassenje (Stuhlmann); Toro Dist. (Fisher). Originally described from Zanzibar, there has long existed a little doubt about this species, owing to the figure not agreeing with the description; having recently examined specimens from Zanzibar, presumably topotypes, I can confirm their agreement with the form which is now universally accepted under the above name, and which is so widely diffused from Abyssinia to Cape Town. Planorbis adowensis Bgt. 187 9 Planorbis adowensis Bgt., Descr. div. Moll. &c., p. 11. 1897 do do do Mts., P.O.A., iv, p. 147. Hab. Lake Albert. Ndandamira ; Butiaba (Pitman). In recording this species from Lake Albert, von Martens rather doubtfully placed Plan, stanleyi Smith in its synonymy, and I think that he had in view examples of Smith’s species, rather than that of Bourguignat. It is probably due to this record that Germain listed adowensis, omitting all mention of stanleyi, and that P. and B. follow the synonymy suggested by von Martens, but it is doubtful whether the true adowensis has previously been recorded from the lake. The collections now under review contain two forms of a rather small shell of the sudanicus group; in one, the aperture remains about the same altitude as the last whorl, so that the shell is comparatively low, while in the other the aperture expands rapidly, so that the shell increases rapidly in altitude, this being the typical stanleyi Smith. In CONNOl.LV : THE MOl.J.USCA OF I.AKR ALBERT NYAN2 A. >?3 order to elucidate the question of synonymy, I submitted some ex­ amples of each form to Dr. Germain, who kindly reported on the former as follows:—“ The six examjiles of a form less tliick (less in altitude) belong to the forma minor of Plam>rHs adowtnsis IJjjt. However, in East Africa the two species ” {admvouii and the form sent him as stanttyi), “ present allied forms, more or less intermediate and often easy to mistake.” Planorbis stanleyi Smith. (=bridouxianus Bgt.) June, 1888 Planorbis stanlfyi P.Z.S., p. 3 5 . Nov., do do hriJouxianus ligt., Icon. Mai. Tanganika, pi. I, f 9 -12. Hab. Lake Albert (Emin); Kassenje (Schubotz); Toro District (Fisher); Biitiaba ; Ndandamira (Pitman). Germain’s report is as follows:—“ The four specimens named Planorbis stanleyi Smith are very certainly Planorbis bridouxi liourgt. 1 have compared them with the type ol J. R. K., which is here, and there can be no doubt about the matter. If your specimens are really PI. stanleyi, the two species are evidently synonyms.” The type of stanleyi being in the British Museum, there can be no question as to the correct identification of the species, and that bridouxianus Bgt. must fall into its synonymy ; but whether it is really specifically distinct from adowensis appears a little doubtful, although the typical forms are easily distinguishable. It is worth placing on record that an immature example of this species, collected by Mrs. Fisher in the Torero District, on the north shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza, has similar apertural dentition to that of Plan. aUxandrinus etc., but I have failed to find this peculiarity in a large number of other young shells that I have examined. P lanorbis ch u d eau i Germ. (?) 1907 Planorbis chudeaui Gsrm., Bull. Mus. Paris, p. 2 7 4 ; text figure *3- Hab. Lake .Mbert. Ndandamira (Pitman). In his description of this species Germain states that its last whorl presents two very pronounced angulosities, one above and the other at the base, which give to it in profile a very sharp rectangular appear­ ance. Pitman’s specimens are extremely small, hardly a third as large as Germain’s type, and do not agree in all respects with other details of his figure and description, but they may be very immature, and as they present the extraordinary feature stressed by him of the double angulation, I do not venture to separate them from his species unless further material may prove them distinct. The circumference of the last whorl, in profile, is practically flat between the two rectangular carinae, from which points it inclines inwards towards the apex and base. Genus BuUnus Miill. (=Isidora Ehrn.) Bulinus strigosus (Mts.) 1897 Jsidera slrigosa Mts., D.O.A., iv, p. 1 3 9 ; pi. vi, f. 11. Hab. I^ake Albert. Butiaba (Pitman). The first record of this genus from Lake Albert Family P I L I D ^ . Genus Pila Bolten. Pila stuhlmanni (Mts.) 18 8 8 A m pullaria wernei VhW., Smith, P.Z.S., p. 5 3 . 1897 do erythroitoma Rve., var. stuhlmanni Mis., D.O.A., iv, P- 155­ 1927 Pila stuhlmanni Mts., P. & B., Bull. Amer. Mus. N.H., liii, p. 182 Hab. I^ke Albert (Baker, two young shells); Kasscnje (Stuhl- mann); Butiaba; Ndandamira (Pitman). All the specimens 1 have seen appear to be conspecific, and I follow Pilsbry in their designation; the largest shell collected by Pitman measures 9 6 x 8 4 mm. in its last ly i whorls, the earlier being deficient. Family V IV IPA R ID ^. Genus Viviparus Moiitf. Viviparus rubicundus (Mts.). 187 9 Paludina rubicunda Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr., Berlin, p. 104 18 8 8 • do unicolor Oliv., van, Smith, P.Z.S., p. 5 3 . 1897 Vivipara rubicunda Mts., D.O.A., iv, p. 1 7 9 . Hab. Lake Albert (Baker; Emin ; Gordon); Kassenje (Schubotz); Toro District (Fisher) ; Butiaba; Ndandamira (Pitman). Remarkable for its very rounded whorls, but very variable in form and colour, which may be red, brown, green or yellow. Family A M N ICO LIU ^. Genus Bulimus Scop. (=Bithynia Leach). Bulimus alberti (Smith). 188 8 Bythinia Smith, P.Z.S., p. 5 4 . Hab. Lake Albert (Emin); Kassenje (Emin and Stuhlmann); Toro Dist. (Fisher); Butiaba; Ndandamira (Pitman). CONNOLLV ; THR MOl.I.tJSCA OK I AKK AIHKRT NVAN7.A, I75 Bulimus tilhoi (Germ.). 1912 Bythinia tilhoi Gzxm., Hull.
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