Only a Matter of Time: the Impacts of the Cascadia Subduction Zone And
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West Coast Trail
Hobiton Pacific Rim National Park Reserve Entrance Anchorage Squalicum 60 LEGEND Sachsa TSL TSUNAMI HAZARD ZONE The story behind the trail: Lake Ferry to Lake Port Alberni 14 highway 570 WEST COAST TRAIL 30 60 paved road Sachawil The Huu-ay-aht, Ditidaht and Pacheedaht First Nations However, after the wreck 420 The West Coast Trail (WCT) is one of the three units 30 Self Pt 210 120 30 TSL 30 Lake Aguilar Pt Port Désiré Pachena logging road The Valencia of Pacific Rim National Park Reserve (PRNPR), Helby Is have always lived along Vancouver Island's west coast. of the Valencia in 1906, West Coast Trail forest route Tsusiat IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE, GO Hobiton administered by Parks Canada. PRNPR protects and km distance in km from Pachena Access TO HIGH GROUND OR INLAND These nations used trails and paddling routes for trade with the loss of 133 lives, 24 300 presents the coastal temperate rainforest, near shore Calamity and travel long before foreign sailing ships reached this the public demanded Cape Beale/Keeha Trail route Creek Mackenzie Bamfield Inlet Lake km waters and cultural heritage of Vancouver Island’s West Coast Bamfield River 2 distance in km from parking lot Anchorage region over 200 the government do River Channel west coast as part of Canada’s national park system. West Coast Trail - beach route outhouse years ago. Over the more to help mariners 120 access century following along this coastline. Trail Map IR 12 Indian Reserve WEST COAST TRAIL POLICY AND PROCEDURES Dianna Brady beach access contact sailors In response the 90 30 The WCT is open from May 1 to September 30. -
Bamfield Official Community Plan Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District
Bamfield Official Community Plan Alberni‐Clayoquot Regional District Table of Contents PART I – BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 5 1.1 Plan Preparation ............................................................................................................................ 5 Map No. 1 Plan Area ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Purpose of the Official Community Plan .................................................................................. 7 1.3 Legislative Authority ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Jurisdiction ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.5 The Plan ....................................................................................................................................... 10 1.7 Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 13 PART II – VISION & GENERAL GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES .................................. 16 2.0 VISION ......................................................................................................... -
Species at Risk Assessment—Pacific Rim National Park Reserve Of
Species at Risk Assessment—Pacific Rim National Park Reserve of Canada Prepared for Parks Canada Agency by Conan Webb 3rd May 2005 2 Contents 0.1 Acknowledgments . 10 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Background Information . 11 1.2 Objective . 16 1.3 Methods . 17 2 Species Reports 20 2.1 Sample Species Report . 21 2.2 Amhibia (Amphibians) . 23 2.2.1 Bufo boreas (Western toad) . 23 2.2.2 Rana aurora (Red-legged frog) . 29 2.3 Aves (Birds) . 37 2.3.1 Accipiter gentilis laingi (Queen Charlotte goshawk) . 37 2.3.2 Ardea herodias fannini (Pacific Great Blue heron) . 43 2.3.3 Asio flammeus (Short-eared owl) . 49 2.3.4 Brachyramphus marmoratus (Marbled murrelet) . 51 2.3.5 Columba fasciata (Band-tailed pigeon) . 59 2.3.6 Falco peregrinus (Peregrine falcon) . 61 2.3.7 Fratercula cirrhata (Tufted puffin) . 65 2.3.8 Glaucidium gnoma swarthi (Northern pygmy-owl, swarthi subspecies ) . 67 2.3.9 Megascops kennicottii kennicottii (Western screech-owl, kennicottii subspecies) . 69 2.3.10 Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt’s cormorant) . 73 2.3.11 Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Cassin’s auklet) . 77 2.3.12 Synthliboramphus antiquus (Ancient murrelet) . 79 2.3.13 Uria aalge (Common murre) . 83 2.4 Bivalvia (Oysters; clams; scallops; mussels) . 87 2.4.1 Ostrea conchaphila (Olympia oyster) . 87 2.5 Gastropoda (Snails; slugs) . 91 2.5.1 Haliotis kamtschatkana (Northern abalone) . 91 2.5.2 Hemphillia dromedarius (Dromedary jumping-slug) . 95 2.6 Mammalia (Mammals) . 99 2.6.1 Cervus elaphus roosevelti (Roosevelt elk) . 99 2.6.2 Enhydra lutris (Sea otter) . -
Earthquakes in Southwestern British Columbia
Earthquakes in southwestern British Columbia Southwestern British Columbia is one of the most seismically active regions in Canada. Approximately 400 earthquakes occur each year in the region extending from the north end of Vancouver Island to Seattle, Washington U.S. seen on the map below. About a dozen of these earthquakes are felt by people, but many of the larger earthquakes occur offshore. Earthquakes capable of causing structural damage happen every decade or so. What Causes Earthquakes? The surface or crust of the Earth is always moving. Large segments of this crust, called tectonic plates, continually shift against each other, causing stress to build-up. When the stress becomes too great, a sudden rupture or earthquake occurs along a zone of weakness called a fault, generating seismic waves. Earthquakes occur most Maintaining the frequently where tectonic plates interact - such as the Cascadia antennae that receive Subduction Zone of southwestern British Columbia. earthquake data from 15 Years of Earthquakes remote stations. 15 Years of Earthquakes 15 Years of Earthquakes 15 Years of Earthquakes The Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) 50˚ 50˚ Southwestern British Columbia is located above the boundary between the oceanic Juan de Fuca Plate and the continental 50˚ Vancouver North American Plate. This boundary, the Cascadia Subduction Vancouver Zone, spans 1000 km from northern Vancouver Island to northern Vancouver California. The Juan de Fuca Plate is descending or subducting Victoria 48˚ Victoria Seattle 48˚ beneath the North American Plate at roughly the same rate as Seattle fingernails grow – about four centimetres per year. Victoria 48˚ Seattle 46˚ 46˚ 128˚ 128˚ 126˚126˚ 124124˚ ˚ 122˚122˚ 120˚ 120˚ 46˚ 128˚ 126˚ 124˚ 122˚ 120˚ Juan de de de Fuca Fuca Fuca Plate Plate Plate earthquakes North America America American Plate Plate Plate earthquakes Juan de Fuca Plate Earthquakes occur in three regions of southwestern British North America Plate Columbia. -
Carnivores in Human Use Areas of Pacific Rim
Noninvasive Approaches to Reduce Human-Cougar Conflict in Protected Areas on the West Coast of Vancouver Island by Danielle M. Thompson B.Sc. (Wildlife Management), University of Northern British Columbia, 2001 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Department of Biology © Danielle M. Thompson, 2010 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission by the author ii Supervisory Committee Noninvasive Approaches to Reduce Human-Cougar Conflict in Protected Areas on the West Coast of Vancouver Island By Danielle M. Thompson B.Sc. (Wildlife Management), University of Northern British Columbia, 2001 Supervisory Committee Dr. Don Eastman, (Department of Biology) Co-Supervisor Dr. Patrick Gregory (Department of Biology) Co-Supervisor Dr. Peter Keller (Department of Geography) Outside Member Dr. Alton Harestad (Simon Fraser University) Additional Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. Don Eastman, (Department of Biology) Co-Supervisor Dr. Patrick Gregory (Department of Biology) Co-Supervisor Dr. Peter Keller (Department of Geography) Outside Member Dr. Alton Harestad (Simon Fraser University) Additional Member Cougars (Puma concolor) are a growing concern for managers of Pacific Rim National Park Reserve and Clayoquot Sound UNESCO Biosphere Reserve on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Since the mid-1990s, the frequency and intensity of human-cougar interactions have dramatically increased. Concurrently, these areas have become increasingly popular for human activities. The primary goal of my study was to recommend ways to reduce the potential risk of human-cougar interactions to ensure long-term conservation of cougars while minimizing risks to visitor safety. -
1968 Mountaineer Outings
The Mountaineer The Mountaineer 1969 Cover Photo: Mount Shuksan, near north boundary North Cascades National Park-Lee Mann Entered as second-class matter, April 8, 1922, at Post Office, Seattle, Wash., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published monthly and semi-monthly during June by The Mountaineers, P.O. Box 122, Seattle, Washington 98111. Clubroom is at 7191h Pike Street, Seattle. Subscription price monthly Bulletin and Annual, $5.00 per year. EDITORIAL STAFF: Alice Thorn, editor; Loretta Slat er, Betty Manning. Material and photographs should be submitted to The Mountaineers, at above address, before Novem ber 1, 1969, for consideration. Photographs should be black and white glossy prints, 5x7, with caption and photographer's name on back. Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced and include writer's name, address and phone number. foreword Since the North Cascades National Park was indubi tably the event of this past year, this issue of The Mountaineer attempts to record aspects of that event. Many other magazines and groups have celebrated by now, of course, but hopefully we have managed to avoid total redundancy. Probably there will be few outward signs of the new management in the park this summer. A great deal of thinking and planning is in progress as the Park Serv ice shapes its policies and plans developments. The North Cross-State highway, while accessible by four wheel vehicle, is by no means fully open to the public yet. So, visitors and hikers are unlikely to "see" the changeover to park status right away. But the first articles in this annual reveal both the thinking and work which led to the park, and the think ing which must now be done about how the park is to be used. -
Dating the 1700 Cascadia Earthquake: Great Coastal Earthquakes in Native Stories
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252069651 Dating the 1700 Cascadia Earthquake: Great Coastal Earthquakes in Native Stories Article in Seismological Research Letters · March 2005 DOI: 10.1785/gssrl.76.2.140 CITATIONS READS 52 1,359 10 authors, including: R. S. Ludwin Deborah Carver University of Washington Seattle University of Alaska Anchorage 18 PUBLICATIONS 188 CITATIONS 2 PUBLICATIONS 62 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Robert J. Losey John J. Clague University of Alberta Simon Fraser University 86 PUBLICATIONS 648 CITATIONS 458 PUBLICATIONS 11,366 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Sedimentological and Paleomagnetic Study of Glacial Lake Missoula Lacustrine and Flood Sediment View project PALEOECOLOGY OF HAIDA GWAII View project All content following this page was uploaded by Robert J. Losey on 03 June 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Dating the 1700 Cascadia Earthquake: Great Coastal Earthquakes in Native Stories Ruth S. Ludwin1, Robert Dennis2, Deborah Carver3, Alan D. McMillan4, Robert Losey5, John Clague6, Chris Jonientz-Trisler7, Janine Bowechop8, Jacilee Wray9, and Karen James10 INTRODUCTION were killed when their roots were suddenly plunged into salt water. Beneath the surface of these same estuaries, soil cores Although scientific recognition of the earthquake hazard pre- revealed layered deposits showing a repeated cycle of slow sented by the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is relatively uplift and rapid submergence. Preliminary age estimates recent, native peoples have lived on the Cascadia coast for based on radiocarbon dating (Nelson et al., 1995) and tree- thousands of years, transferring knowledge from generation ring studies (Yamaguchi et al., 1989) suggested that the most to generation through storytelling. -
West Coast Trail.Indd
WESTCOAST TRAIL Comprehensive information includes all of the following: • Before hiking this trail 10 points to consider • Pros and cons of the trail – other trail possibilities • Planning ahead – trail reservations, pre and post trip transportation and accommodation considerations with pertinent contact numbers and websites • How many days should you plan on hiking? • 6, 7 and 8 day itineraries with options for both directions • Packing lists • Meal suggestions • Costs • Maps • Other important and useful information with pertinent links Everything you need to know for a truly West Coast hiking experience! Don’t just visit a place...experience it! hikebiketravel.com West Coast Trail Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada he West Coast Trail (WCT) Please take the time to read through all of the T is a physically demanding information. You will be in a better position to decide 75 kilometre (45 mile) hike • If this is actually the trail for you stretching from Port Renfrew • Which trailhead you want to begin with in the south to Bamfi eld in • How many days you want to spend on the trail the north along the west coast • What else needs to be reserved with regards to of Vancouver Island. It is only accommodation and transportation pre and post trip open on a seasonal basis (May • What to pack 1st until September 30th) and • Meal suggestions for good reason considering • Total costs the likelihood of poor weather outside of that timeframe. It is • Who you should hike with many things to many people - BEST THINGS ABOUT in fact up to 8,000 people who THE WEST COAST TRAIL annually hike this trail. -
Species at Risk Within Nuu-Chah-Nulth Territories
Species At Risk within Nuu-chah-nulth Territories Compiled for the Uu-a-thluk Council of Ha!wiih and Nuu-chah-nulth Nations March 2008 Barbara Beasley, Ph.D. Coastal Ecologist P.O. Box 927, Ucluelet, B.C. V0R 3A0 Dawn Foxcroft Red Fish Blue Fish Consulting 7429 Pacific Rim Hwy, Port Alberni, B.C. V9Y 8Y5 Species At Risk within Nuu-chah-nulth Territories Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................6 Marine Mammals ....................................................................................................................................7 Offshore Whales..........................................................................................................7 1. Blue Whale ..........................................................................................................7 2. Fin Whale ............................................................................................................8 3. Sei Whale ............................................................................................................9 4. Northern Pacific Right Whale.............................................................................. 10 Offshore Marine Mammals......................................................................................... 11 5. Northern Fur Seal .............................................................................................. 11 Nearshore Marine Mammals ..................................................................................... -
Ucluelet Final
Culture and Heritage Study, Marine Resource Sites and Activities, Maa-nulth First Nations Uchucklesaht Tribe Project Final Report Illustration of “Ouchucklesit Village” by Frederick Whymper, 1864. Beinecke Library, Yale. Prepared for Uchucklesaht Tribe by Traditions Consulting Services, Inc. Chatwin Engineering Ltd. March 12, 2004 “But the ocean is more the home of these people than the land, and the bounteous gifts of nature in the former element seem more to their taste and are more easily procured than the beasts of the forest.... ...Without a question these people are the richest in every respect in British Columbia...” George Blenkinsop, 1874. Note to Reader Thanks is offered to the Maanulth First Nations for their support of the project for which this is the Final Report, and especially to the h=aw`iih (chiefs), elders and cultural advisors who have shared their knowledge in the past, and throughout the project. In this report, reference is made to “Maanulth First Nations,” a recent term. Within the context of this report, that term is intended to refer to the Huuayaht First Nation, the Uchucklesaht Tribe, the Toquaht First Nation, the Ucluelet First Nation, the Ka:'yu:k't'h/Che:k'tles7et'h' First Nation, and to the tribes and groups that were their predecessors. No attempt has been made to standardize the linguistic transcription of native names or words in this report. These are presented in the manner in which they were encountered in various source materials. Management Summary This is the Final Report for the Culture and Heritage Study, Marine Resource Sites and Activities, Maanulth First Nations. -
Land Use Plan Regulation, 2011
HUU-AY-AHT FIRST NATIONS ___________________________________ LAND USE PLAN REGULATION OFFICIAL CONSOLIDATION Current to December 18, 2014 Provisions of the Community Planning and Development Act, HFNA 10/2011, relevant to the enactment of this regulation: section 6 and 62. HFNR LAND USE PLAN REGULATION 3/2011 HFNR LAND USE PLAN REGULATION 3/2011 HFNR LAND USE PLAN REGULATION 3/2011 LAND USE PLAN REGULATION Contents 1 Definitions 2 Land Use Plan adopted 3 Force of law SCHEDULE Definitions 1 In this regulation: “Act” means the Community Planning and Development Act; “Land Use Plan” means the Land Use Plan set out in the Schedule. Land Use Plan adopted 2 The Land Use Plan set out in the Schedule is adopted in accordance with section 6 of the Act. Force of law 3 The Land Use Plan set out in the Schedule has the force of law. HFNR 12/2013, s. 1 SCHEDULE HUU-AY-AHT FIRST NATIONS LAND USE PLAN MAY 2013 [53 pages including 3 appendices and 4 maps follow] 1 HFNR LAND USE PLAN AMENDMENT REGULATION, 2013 _____/2013 SCHEDULE HUU-AY-AHT FIRST NATIONS ___________________________________ LAND USE PLAN MAY 2013 ___________________________________ Table of Contents Part 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 History of Huu-ay-aht .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Huu-ay-aht Today ................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Huu-ay-aht Treaty -
Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan 2020 Update
LUMMI NATION MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2020 UPDATE Prepared For: Lummi Indian Business Council (LIBC) Funded By: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Performance Partnership Grant (Grant No. BG-01J57901-0) Prepared By: Water Resources Division Lummi Natural Resources Department Contributors: Kara Kuhlman CFM, Water Resources Manager Andy Ross, LG, LHg, CFM, Water Resources Specialist III/Hydrologist Gerald Gabrisch GISP, GIS Manager Adopted by the Lummi Indian Business Council: September 15, 2020 Approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency: October 1, 2020 This project has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Assistance Agreement BG-01J57901-0 to the Lummi Nation. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Goals and Objectives .....................................................................................................10 1.2. Sections .........................................................................................................................11 2. Planning Process ...............................................................................................................13 2.1. Plan Preparation ............................................................................................................13