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Notes on the Genus Pandanus (Pandanaceae) in Western Australia

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Notes on the Genus Pandanus (Pandanaceae) in Western Australia Noteson the genusPandanus (Pandanaceae) in WesternAustralia By Benjamin C. Stone{' Abstract Tbe Ee[lusPatldanus in Westem Australia is known so far to occur only in the northern sector,in the Kimberley District, south to about 18. lat. Only one subgenus,Subg. Parlarrr, is represented,but there are two distinct Sectionj, and possiblylhfee. SecL. Pd dant6 lpo..ibly),Sect. AutroA(ura thereinraised to sectionalrank from thal of subsection),and Sect. Scnikerrra. The classi- fication of species_,especially in Sect. Au:troke ta, is not as )et sarisfaqory. The occurrenceol P. spiralis is docuntented,and a review of the soeciesnrosL similarro il included.resulring in comene\'| synonlnls and neu combrnationq at inliaspecificrank. Two new varieties(var. f{ammeus, yar. multimammillatu$a) are p_roposed.The variability of this speciesis discussedin relation to prc_ viously kno\\n and ne\'"lyobtained specimensfrom both WesternAustraliaand the Northem Territory. Three other speciesof subg.Pandanus, p. darwinensis, P. oblatut and,P. semiatmatus,are also reported. Finally a new suite ol coll lectiors ol P. aquaticus (syn. P. kimberleyanus) is reported. Introiluction - Knowledge of Pandanus in Australia goes back a long way,-two to the ex- ploratory activity of Robert Brown. Brown described only species, "Prodromus P. spiralis and P. pedunculatas, in his Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulaevan Diemen" publishedin 1810. Brown's collectionswere studied r€centlyby H. St. John, who publishedan account of these(St. John, 1968). According to St. John, Brown's collection no. 5799 was a mixture,.and he selectedas lectotype a portion ofthis gathering to typify P. spiralis,.the material (one.fruit phalange only) is illustrated in his fig. 26j. flso assignedto the \pecre\blll not consideredto be pan ol rhelectorype \\a\ a slaminatespecimen. This rs correct, as all pandans ire dioecious. fwo phalangeswere ixcluded from the three which rnade up the type materials ofP. spiralis, and served as type for _(holotype) St. John's new-fhe species Pandanus broinii; these phalanges are illustrat€d ,l _h_olig 270. lectotype of P. ;pirulis was obtained by Brown in the Gulf of Carpentaria on Allen Island, (callei "Island Wellesley-from Group by Brown C"). The staminate inflorescence came t-he same locality. The phalangesdiscrininated as P. brownii have an unknown pro- yenence (except that they are assuredly from Brown's Australian travels). It cannot be_assumed that they came from Allen Island, nor can it be proved that they did not. Brown's second species v,lasP. pedunculat J,.this has good locality data, showing_that_.it 1as collectedat tha north end of Great Sandy Istand (now Fraser Island) off the E. coast of Queensland. The lectotypi, also in the British Muserrm, was collected on 31 July 1802,and Jsgiven the-number 5299A. This species,which in the opinion of Domin was a variely of pandonLlstectonLs, and in_this writer's opinion is certainlypart of the p. tectoriuscomplex, has never been found in Western Australia; it is common however along the Queenslandcoast, especiallyon the oflshore islands. It is known curiently under a large number of different names, but that subject is dealt with elsewhere. Further contributions to the knowledge of Australian Pandanaceae, especially Pandanus, have come from Martelli and more recently from St. John and Stone. Some of these contributr'onshave dealt with collections * Herbarium,Departnlent of Botany,University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 236 'Dtnaltuas pauorlueuj(,,snur,(01:aqrurl d,) sntJonbDd salsedsaulla^Ir eqJ 'lces pue Drn pJJSnV ']ces'ltnuDpuDdpes zI^ 'suorl€S a3lql {q droltr:e1 'euols) ulequoN srlt pue ErleJlsnvurelsoiN qloq ur pe}usseldejsr (t/61 suoDces olur peprrrp 'snueSqnssrql ,{ro1r-rre1uJeq}.IoN 3rl} ur pu? 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Jo roqurnuB uo ql8uel le slroda: (c7961)uqol reded 1ut,ralerreqloue uI 's3Jnl"OJrOUruI leqlo 'sllDrlds 'J ^\aJ e pue e8ueleqd rad sladrec :eme; sll uI SuueJIp ol pel€laJ 'rltalr"hl) s snxaluo) p3l?1suqof rs (tz (ggot) st Po's u sord '4 d1"q] s11ot1ds s" eseql peleerl IIIetJEt\l lerllee sdeq.r:d .ro tl8L ur peltrelloc 'sJrlJ 'IrolluoI uJequoN ede3sg UJ}JJaslnH I fq uollcelloc paJ3qunuun u" pu" "(lllef,ol etu"s eq] ulo{ (r6t7 $u?JsaJogul eleuluI"ls s eJ" sorJods !) 'sSurrds erll€s eql ol p3rreJersuollralloJ reqro o6t( PtD'ratzlu) uol[( ,1{1.ou 'sBurJdSsuollrc ulo{ uor}c3lloc" Sulaq ed,{t eqf'snxatuoJ d seqllcseposl€ Je^e,|d.oquqof 'ls snJtpnbD lsullsrp ^l{€e^\ lnq }sou lE lo Ilanl l a J'tuo.u 'euols) ru,(uorl,(se eq o] p?reprsuoJpuE '3uols D.tn uoIlJeS 01 (i/6t Jo 'snuo,laryaqLupl llwas pos8rss" ,rou seneds e d saqtlcseP uLlol 1S JedEd slq] uI '(e1961'uqo1 snu"prr"d snuaD eql rrorsr^.Us.uqof 15 uEd sl sltll tS) Jo Jo Z 'l"uelEql :all?rlsnv uJels?iA ur snLUpuDJo1 srajar ,{llucgtceds 3uo ,{luo lnq '(rJ961 'uqot'tS) pu€lsueenoqlr^\ Iera^espue ,{ro}ural urequoN 3ql uI ep€lu above is the only representativeof the typical subsection of this latter Section. while P. basedowir'is the sole representative of Subsect. Elaplltocqrpus; but this specieshas not been found so far outside the Northern Territory. The character of Secl. Austrckeuraitself is very distinct, and the chief distinguishingfeatures are (l) rigid, very glalrcolrsleaves, very prickly in juveniles, becoming semi-unarmedor nearly toolhless,especially toward the apex, Jn adults; (2) stoloniferoushabit; (3) presenceof zonate epidermisand high nunbers (i.e. density) of stomata on adaxial leaf surface,equallirg the density on the undersurfaceor nearly so; (4.) solitary cephalia. Probably other characterscan be addedto this Iist which help to distinguishthis Section from Sect. Panclanus,in which P. tectorius (P. peduficulatus)is founc. W rthin Pandanus, Seetiofl Austrokeurrz is particularly characteristic of Australia (occurring elsewhere only in Papua, the contiguous southern part of West Irian and someimmediately adjacent Moluccal islands). This group, founded on P. solns-laubachii, includes P. spiralrs. Here it is raisedto sectional rank. Genus PANDANUS SubgenusPANDANUS (sensuStone, 1974b). Sect.Austrokeura (B. C. Stone)B. C. Stone,.r/al.ror,. (Pandanus Sect. Pandanu,cSubsect. luslro,(srr.4 Stone, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 94 : 517 (1914)Basiorrym). (a) SeriesAustrokeura. Type'. Pa dqnussolms-laubachii. Phalanges laterally conspicuously sulcate, wilhin the cephalium the phalangesinterlocked by the groove-and-ridgesystem formed by these sulci. Phalangesvarious, from rotund to obovoid or suboblong. Mostly Queensland species,but someprobably also in the Northern Territory. (b) SeriesSpirales Stone, ser. nov. Carpellisphalangiorum fere esulcatis; phalangibus rotundatis. fype'. Pantlauutrliralrs R. Br. Mainly WesternAustralia and the Northern Territory. This differenceis not hard ald fast but on the whole seemsto reflecttwo 'forms' real lrends. Using this conception a group of appears to cluster rou.ndP. spiralis. This group also showsthese additional phalangecharacters: (1) broad, rounded shape of the phalange,and (2) the conrparativelylarge number of carpelsper phalange. It becomesevident that the conspicuouslyridged-and-grooved phalanges characteristicof Set. Austrckeuraare particularly common among Queensland species,becoming scarceralong an east-to-westgradient; while the smoother plralanges of the Ser. Spirales are most common in Westerl Australia and the Northern Territory, but scarceto absent in Queensland,especially eastern North However, there are enough exceptionsto
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