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Norman-QA-Cards.Pdf Which was the most powerful family When did Edward the Confessor When did the Godwin family rebel in England during the early part of take over as King of England? against Edward the Confessor? the 11th Century? Which family’s rebellion led to When was Harold Godwinson made When did Edward the Confessor die Edward the Confessor naming sub-reglus by Edward the Confessor and who became King? William Duke of Normandy as heir due to the growth in power of the to the English throne? Godwin family? Who was Edward the Confessors Why did Harold Godwinson Which group of important and closest relative and why did he not declaring himself King of England powerful people supported Harold become King straight away? annoy William Duke of Normandy? Godwinson? 1051 1041 Godwin Family Edward dies in January 1066. Harold Late 1050s Godwin Family Godwinson as sub-regulus became King of England. The Witan William was promised the throne by Edgar Aetheling, but he was only 14 Edward the confessor first. He and did not have much support or believed that Harold had stolen the military experience. throne from him. William claimed that Harold had sworn an Oath to him and therefore by declaring himself as King of England he was breaking this oath. What relation was William to Why did William think he had a What was the name of the Viking Edward the Confessor? strong claim to the throne? claim to the English throne? Why did Hadraada think he had a Who supported Harald Hadraada? Why was there no clear successor claim to the throne? after Edward died? What did William decide to do when What were Harold’s most important What are Thegns? Harold his oath to him by making soldiers called? himself King of England after Edwards death? Harald Hadraada England and Normandy had strong William was Edwards distant cousin. trade links. Edward promised But he was illegitimate. William the throne for helping him to deal with the Godwin family when they rebelled. Harold swore an oath and promised to support Williams claim to the throne in 1064. William was also a strong warrior. Edward had no children, he had not Tostig Godwinson (Harold Harald Hadraada believed that he made it clear who he wanted to be Godwinson) brother along with had a claim to the English throne King, he had promised the throne to many people in the North of because of a promise made to his William and made Harold sub- England and the Vikings in father. regulus. Harold and William both Scandanavia. claimed that he had promised them the throne. The closest blood relative was too young. Housecarls Invade England Kinght’s called up when needed What convinced people to fight for How many ships did William have in How many men did William have in William? his fleet? his army? What did William pack along with Where did William land? Who did Harold have to fight first? him on his ships ready for when he invaded? Why did Harold dismiss his army Why did Harold have to quickly call Who was defeated at the Battle of after the Summer before William’s his army back in September 1066? Fulford by the Vikings? invasion? 7000 600-700 He was a strong warrior and he was given the Papal Banner by the Pope. People thought he had God on his side. The Vikings Pevensea Pre-packed castles – all the timber ready cut to build straight away. This is how Pevensea Castle was first built. Earl Edwin and Earl Morcar The Vikings invaded in the North. Harold waited on the South shore all Harald had joined forced with Tostig summer. William never came. and landed near York. Keeping an army is expensive. Most of the men needed to go home to harvest. So he dismissed his army. Where did the Vikings capture after Why were the Vikings unprepared at How many Saxons was the Lone their victory at the Battle of Fulford? the Battle of Stamford Bridge on the Norseman said to have killed on the 25th September 1066? bridge? Why was a bottleneck created on Who were Williams Vassals? Which leaders were killed at the Stamford Bridge? Battle of Stamford Bridge? Why was Pevensey a good place for Why didn’t Harold stop in London to Why did Harold have the initial William to land? pick up new soldiers? advantage at the start of the Battle of Hastings? 40 The Vikings were celebrating after York the Battle of Fulford, it was a hot day and they had taken off their chain mail and left their weapons on the banks of the river. They were also off to collect hostages and payments from local leaders. Tostig and Hadraada The Lords that had sworn loyalty to A bottleneck was created as the him Vikings tried to rush across the bridge to get to the other side. This enabled the Saxons to cut the Vikings down easily and win. Harold positioned his men on the Harold wanted to rush to fight Pevensey had an old Roman fort and top of Senlac hill. This was a William, he wanted to stop him from a large bay so was a perfect landing strategic advantage. He then got terrorising local villages, therefore place. them to interlock their shield’s to he marched the remaining parts of form a shield wall. his army to Hastings quickly picking up inexperienced men along the way to make up his forces. Why did William’s archers fail Why were William’s Cavalry initially Why did some of the Britton's in initially to break the shield wall? ineffective? William’s army run away? How did Harold die? Why was breaking the shield wall a How did William trick Harold’s army mistake for Harold’s army? into breaking the shield wall? How did William try to keep the Who did the English Lords want to What are the 3 factors we use to support of the English Lords be King? explain why William won at the initially? Battle of Hastings? There was a rumour that William The hill made it hard for them to The archers were not positioning was killed. So they ran away. Or charge at the shield wall. their arrows high enough to break some people say that it was a trick the shield wall and get over the top. and that William told them to do it In the afternoon they changed so that the inexperienced men in direction and shot upwards. This Harold's army would run after them worked. and break the shield wall. The Britton's retreated. The The men that chased after the Some say he was hacked to death, inexperienced men in Harold’s army Britton’s and broke the shield wall others say he got an arrow in his thought they were fleeing, so they were gathered up by the cavalry and eye…. We will never know! chased after them. William’s foot soldiers and hacked to death. 1) Luck Edgar Aetheling 1) Continued to use Royal Writs in 2) Harold made mistakes English 3) William was a skilful leader 2) Kept the English Archbishop of Canterbury 3) Allowed English lords who pledged a loyalty to him to keep their land and titles – even Edgar How did William force the English Why did opposition and rebellions Where were the first rebellions? lords to surrender to him? towards William increase soon into his reign? How many people died from famine What rebellions happened in 1068? In what year did rebellions by during the Harrowing of the North? English Lords and Harold Godwinson's become a more serious threat for William? When was the Harrying of the Who led the Harrying of the North? Which claimant supported the North? rebellion in the North that resulted in the Harrying of the North? In 1067 there was a rebellion in the High taxes and the harsh rule of Odo William first went on a rampage of North of England. and Fitz Osbern (William's relatives) Kent. He attacked towns. In each Then Lord Cospig rebelled in Kent. whom he left in charge when town he left a small army and built a The Welsh borders also rebelled. William returned back to Normandy. castle to defend the area. English They were unpopular. barons soon started to change their mind and doubted Edgars ability to rule. 1068 1) The city of Exceter refused to 100,000 swear loyalty to William. William besieged the city for 18 days before it gave in. 2) In Mercia Edwin and Morcar rebelled. 3) Later in 1068 2 further rebellions by Godwinson's sons also failed. Edgar 1069 William’s new Earl, Lord Cumin How did William deal with land How much land did William own What were feudal incidents? distribution? himself? Which features of the Anglo-Saxon Which features of the Legal system What did William add to the Legal government did William keep? did William Keep? system? Who had the better diet? Rich or Did towns increase or decrease in Name the 5 impacts on town and poor? number? village life? A system to control inheritance. 22% The Feudal System William could take back the land if the owner dies without leaving a male heir. 1) Honourial Courts 1) Trial by Ordeal 1) 134 Shire Reeves – Sheriffs 2) Trial by battle was added to the 2) Watchmen 2) Royal Writs Ordeals 3) Constables 3) Charters 3) Trial by Jury was also later added 4) Curfews 5) Tithing's 1) The farming year Increase Poor 2) Life of peasants 3) Life of the rich 4) Number and size of towns 5) Features of towns Who was responsible for the Church What were the problems with the What reforms did Lanfranc reforms? Saxon church? introduce? Name cathedrals that the Norman’s Why did the Normans build so many What was the style of architecture built churches? called that the Normans built churches and cathedrals in? Which Norman King fell out with the What order did most Monks in What were Cluniac monasteries? Pope? England follow? 1) Deans 1) Pluralism Lanfranc 2) Archdeans 2) Simony 3) Role of the Parish increased 3) Nepotism 4) Number of churches doubled 4) Marriage between 1070 and 1170 Romanesque To confirm their power and control Durham, Canterbury, York, Ely etc… over England and say that God supported them.
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