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Order of Lenin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 13-06-28 10:36 PM Order of Lenin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Order of Lenin (Russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina), named after the leader of the Order of Lenin Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union. The order was awarded to: Civilians for outstanding services rendered to the State, Members of the armed forces for exemplary service, Those who promoted friendship and cooperation between peoples and in The Order of Lenin, type 1 strengthening peace Awarded by the Soviet Union Those with meritorious services to the Soviet state and society Type Single-grade order Eligibility Citizens of the Soviet Union; From 1944 to 1957, before the institution of specific foreigners; institutions, length of service medals, the Order of Lenin was also used to reward 25 years of conspicuous enterprises and collectives military service. Awarded for outstanding services Those who were awarded the titles "Hero of the rendered to the State, Soviet Union" and "Hero of Socialist Labour" were exemplary service in also given the order as part of the award. It was the armed forces, also bestowed on cities, companies, factories, promoting friendship regions, military units and ships. Corporate entities, and cooperation factories, various educational institutions and military units who received the said Order applied between peoples and the full name of the order into their official titles. in strengthening peace, and The order was established by the Central Executive meritorious services to Committee on April 6, 1930. the Soviet state and society Contents Status No longer awarded Statistics 1 Design Established April 6, 1930 2 Recipients 2.1 Most frequent First awarded May 23, 1930 2.2 Notable organizational and Last awarded December 21, 1991 regional recipients 2.3 Notable individual recipients Total awarded 431,418 3 Fictional recipients Precedence 4 See also 5 References Next (higher) Hero of the Soviet Union 6 External links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Lenin 1 of 6 Order of Lenin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 13-06-28 10:36 PM Design Next (lower) Order of the October Revolution The first design of the Order of Lenin was sculpted by Pyotr Tayozhny and Ivan Shadr based on sketches by Ivan Dubasov. It was made by Goznak Ribbon of the Order of Lenin of silver with some lightly gold-plated features. It was a round badge with a central disc featuring Vladimir Lenin's profile surrounded by smokestacks, a tractor and a building, possibly a power plant. A thin red-enamelled border and a circle of wheat panicles surrounded the disc. At the top was a gold-plated "hammer and sickle" emblem, and at the bottom were the Russian initials for "USSR" (Russian: !!!") in red enamel. Only about 800 of this design were minted. It was awarded between 1930-1932.[1] The second, design was awarded in 1934 till 1936. This was a solid gold badge, featuring an enamelled disc bearing Lenin's portrait . The disc is surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat, and a red flag with "LENIN" in Cyrillic script (Russian: !"#$#). A red star is placed on the left and the "hammer and sickle" emblem at the bottom, both in red enamel. The third design was awarded from 1936-43 The fourth design was awarded from 1943 till the end of the USSR. The badge was originally worn by screwback on the left chest without ribbon. Later it was worn as a medal suspended from a red ribbon with pairs of yellow stripes at the edges (see image above). The ribbon bar is of the same design. The portrait of Lenin was originally a riveted silver piece. For a time it was incorporated into a one-piece gold badge, but finally returned as a separate platinum piece until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Order of Lenin type 1 Order of Lenin type 2 Order of Lenin type 3 Order of Lenin type 4 Recipients The first Order of Lenin was awarded to the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda on 23 May 1930. Also among the first ten recipients were five industrial companies, three pilots, and the Secretary to the Central Executive Committee Avel Enukidze. The first person to be awarded a second Order of Lenin was the pilot Valery Chkalov in 1936. Another pilot, Vladimir Kokkinaki, became the first to receive a third Order in 1939. The first five foreign recipients, a German and four Americans (one of the Americans was Frank http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Lenin 2 of 6 Order of Lenin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 13-06-28 10:36 PM Bruno Honey[2]—on May 17, 1932), received the award for helping in the reconstruction of Soviet industry and agriculture in 1931–1934.[3] A total of 431,418 orders were awarded in total, with the last on 21 December 1991. Most frequent The record for most Orders of Lenin received by a single person is held by Nikolay Patolichev, longtime Minister for Foreign Trade of the USSR, who was awarded 12 times. Other numerous repeat awardees are: 11 times: Dmitriy Ustinov, Defence Minister in 1976–1984 10 times: Efim Slavsky, Head of Sredmash, the ministry responsible for nuclear industry, in 1957–1986 Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, aircraft designer 9 times: Petr Dementiev, Minister of Aviation Industry in 1953–1977 Vasily Ryabikov, defence industry official, co-head (together with Sergey Korolev) of the first Sputnik project Nikolay Semyonov, winner of 1956 Nobel Prize in chemistry Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov; president of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1975–1986) Vasily Chuikov, World War II commander Ivan Papanin, polar explorer 8 times: Leonid Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Soviet Union Notable organizational and regional recipients All fifteen republics of the Soviet Union Komsomol, the Young Communist League LOMO, Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Corporation ZIL, automobile manufacturer Kryvorizhstal, massively successful and profitable steel mill Moscow Region Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper Pravda newspaper Cities of Moscow, Donetsk, and Yekaterinburg 62nd Army for extraordinary valor in defence of Stalingrad Notable individual recipients Nelson Mandela (Extremely influential South African President and Nobel Peace Prize recipient) Sergey Afanasyev (Soviet "Space Minister", awarded 7 times) Aziz Aliyev (Azerbaijani and Dagestani politician and scientist, awarded 2 times) Clyde Armistead and William Latimer Lavery (American air mechanics awarded for participation in search and rescue operations of the steamship Cheliuskin[4]) Emilian Bukov (Soviet writer for the Moldavian SSR, awarded 2 times) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Lenin 3 of 6 Order of Lenin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 13-06-28 10:36 PM Fidel Castro (Cuban leader) Konstantin Chelpan (Chief designer of the T-34 tank engine) Sripat Amrit Dange (Indian Communist leader who had strongly endorsed pro-Soviet views.)[5] Sergei Eisenstein (film director) Roza Eldarova (Chairwoman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Dagestan ASSR, member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR) Muhammed Faris (Syrian research cosmonaut, July 30, 1987) Yuri Gagarin (Cosmonaut, first human being in outer space) Israel Gelfand (Soviet mathematician, awarded 3 times) Otto Grotewohl (former prime minister of GDR) Armand Hammer (American businessman and philanthropist) Erich Honecker (former leader of GDR) Sergey Ilyushin (Soviet pilot and aircraft designer, awarded 8 times) Wojciech Jaruzelski (former leader of People's Republic of Poland) Mikhail Kalashnikov (designer of the AK-47 assault rifle) Nikita Khrushchev (Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars, Soviet Union) Igor Kurchatov (physicist, leader of the Soviet atomic bomb project, awarded 5 times) Yanka Kupala (Belarusian poet, for the book «Ад сэрца» [From the heart]) Vladimir Komarov (Cosmonaut, first cosmonaut to fly in space twice and first man to die on a space mission, awarded twice) Vladimir Konovalov (Sub-commander and admiral, awarded 3 times) Alexei Krylov (Russian naval engineer, applied mathematician and memoirist, awarded 3 times) Luigi Longo (Italy) Political commissar of the XII International Brigade in Spain (1936-1938), deputy commander of the Freedom Volunters Corp (1943-1945) and secretary (1964-1972) and president (1972-1980) of the Italian Communist Party. Fariza Magomadova (Chechen boarding school director and pioneer for women's education) Kirill Mazurov (Belarusian Soviet politician) Boris Mikhailov (Soviet ice hockey team captain in 1970s and 1980s) Shoista Mullodzhanova (Bukharian Jewish Shashmakom singer) Alexander Morozov (designer of the T-64 tank) Yelena Mukhina (gymnast, 1960–2006) Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egyptian president) Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher (Soviet spy) Fyodor Okhlopkov (World War II hero) Nikolai Ostrovsky (Soviet author, 1904–1936) Lyudmila Pavlichenko (Soviet sniper World War II) Mausuza Vanakhun (Soviet military officer, Dungan national hero) Yevgeny Pepelyaev (fighter pilot in the Korean War Kim Philby (British/Soviet double agent) Konstantin Rokossovsky (World War II Marshal of the Soviet Union, awarded 7 times) Arnold Rüütel (Estonian communist leader, later president of the independent Estonia) Anatoly Sagalevich (underwater explorer, creator of the MIR DSV) Dmitri Shostakovich (Soviet composer, awarded three times) Ivan Sidorenko (Soviet sniper World War II) Sergey Spasokukotsky (surgeon and member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, 1870–1943) Nikolay Sutyagin (fighter pilot in World War II and Korean War) Semyon Timoshenko (World War II general, awarded 5 times) Josip Broz Tito (President of Yugoslavia 1945–1980)[6] Gherman
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