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Order of - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 13-06-28 10:36 PM

Order of Lenin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The (Russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina), named after the leader of the Order of Lenin Russian , was the highest decoration bestowed by the . The order was awarded to:

Civilians for outstanding services rendered to the State, Members of the armed forces for exemplary service, Those who promoted friendship and cooperation between peoples and in The Order of Lenin, type 1 strengthening peace Awarded by the Soviet Union Those with meritorious services to the Soviet state and society Type Single-grade order Eligibility Citizens of the Soviet Union; From 1944 to 1957, before the institution of specific foreigners; institutions, length of service medals, the Order of Lenin was also used to reward 25 years of conspicuous enterprises and collectives military service. Awarded for outstanding services Those who were awarded the titles " of the rendered to the State, Soviet Union" and "" were exemplary service in also given the order as part of the award. It was the armed forces, also bestowed on cities, companies, factories, promoting friendship regions, military units and ships. Corporate entities, and cooperation factories, various educational institutions and military units who received the said Order applied between peoples and the full name of the order into their official titles. in strengthening peace, and The order was established by the Central Executive meritorious services to Committee on April 6, 1930. the Soviet state and society

Contents Status No longer awarded Statistics 1 Design Established April 6, 1930 2 Recipients 2.1 Most frequent First awarded May 23, 1930 2.2 Notable organizational and Last awarded December 21, 1991 regional recipients 2.3 Notable individual recipients Total awarded 431,418 3 Fictional recipients Precedence 4 See also 5 References Next (higher) 6 External links

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Design Next (lower) Order of the October Revolution The first design of the Order of Lenin was sculpted by Pyotr Tayozhny and Ivan Shadr based on sketches by Ivan Dubasov. It was made by Goznak Ribbon of the Order of Lenin of with some lightly -plated features. It was a round badge with a central disc featuring 's profile surrounded by smokestacks, a tractor and a building, possibly a power plant. A thin red-enamelled border and a circle of wheat panicles surrounded the disc. At the top was a gold-plated "hammer and sickle" emblem, and at the bottom were the Russian initials for "USSR" (Russian: !!!") in red enamel. Only about 800 of this design were minted. It was awarded between 1930-1932.[1]

The second, design was awarded in 1934 till 1936. This was a solid gold badge, featuring an enamelled disc bearing Lenin's portrait . The disc is surrounded by two golden panicles of wheat, and a red flag with "LENIN" in Cyrillic script (Russian: !"#$#). A is placed on the left and the "hammer and sickle" emblem at the bottom, both in red enamel.

The third design was awarded from 1936-43

The fourth design was awarded from 1943 till the end of the USSR.

The badge was originally worn by screwback on the left chest without ribbon. Later it was worn as a medal suspended from a red ribbon with pairs of yellow stripes at the edges (see image above). The ribbon bar is of the same design. The portrait of Lenin was originally a riveted silver piece. For a time it was incorporated into a one-piece gold badge, but finally returned as a separate piece until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.

Order of Lenin type 1 Order of Lenin type 2 Order of Lenin type 3 Order of Lenin type 4

Recipients

The first Order of Lenin was awarded to the newspaper Komsomolskaya on 23 May 1930. Also among the first ten recipients were five industrial companies, three pilots, and the Secretary to the Central Executive Committee Avel Enukidze. The first person to be awarded a second Order of Lenin was the pilot in 1936. Another pilot, Vladimir Kokkinaki, became the first to receive a third Order in 1939.

The first five foreign recipients, a German and four Americans (one of the Americans was Frank

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Bruno Honey[2]—on May 17, 1932), received the award for helping in the reconstruction of Soviet industry and agriculture in 1931–1934.[3]

A total of 431,418 orders were awarded in total, with the last on 21 December 1991.

Most frequent

The record for most Orders of Lenin received by a single person is held by Nikolay Patolichev, longtime Minister for Foreign Trade of the USSR, who was awarded 12 times. Other numerous repeat awardees are:

11 times: Dmitriy Ustinov, Defence Minister in 1976–1984 10 times: Efim Slavsky, Head of Sredmash, the ministry responsible for nuclear industry, in 1957–1986 Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, aircraft designer 9 times: Petr Dementiev, Minister of Aviation Industry in 1953–1977 Vasily Ryabikov, defence industry official, co-head (together with Sergey Korolev) of the first Sputnik project Nikolay Semyonov, winner of 1956 Nobel Prize in chemistry Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov; president of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1975–1986) Vasily Chuikov, World War II commander , polar explorer 8 times: , General Secretary of the Soviet Union

Notable organizational and regional recipients

All fifteen republics of the Soviet Union , the Young Communist League LOMO, Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Corporation ZIL, automobile manufacturer Kryvorizhstal, massively successful and profitable steel mill Region newspaper Pravda newspaper Cities of Moscow, , and for extraordinary valor in defence of Stalingrad

Notable individual recipients

Nelson Mandela (Extremely influential South African President and Nobel Peace Prize recipient) Sergey Afanasyev (Soviet "Space Minister", awarded 7 times) Aziz (Azerbaijani and Dagestani politician and scientist, awarded 2 times) Clyde Armistead and William Latimer Lavery (American air mechanics awarded for participation in search and rescue operations of the steamship Cheliuskin[4]) Emilian Bukov (Soviet writer for the Moldavian SSR, awarded 2 times)

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Fidel Castro (Cuban leader) Konstantin Chelpan (Chief designer of the T-34 engine) Sripat Amrit Dange (Indian Communist leader who had strongly endorsed pro-Soviet views.)[5] (film director) Roza Eldarova (Chairwoman of the Presidium of the of the ASSR, member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR) Muhammed Faris (Syrian research cosmonaut, July 30, 1987) (Cosmonaut, first human being in outer space) Israel Gelfand (Soviet mathematician, awarded 3 times) (former prime minister of GDR) (American businessman and philanthropist) (former leader of GDR) Sergey Ilyushin (Soviet pilot and aircraft designer, awarded 8 times) (former leader of People's Republic of ) (designer of the AK-47 assault rifle) (Chairman of the Council of Peoples , Soviet Union) (physicist, leader of the Soviet atomic bomb project, awarded 5 times) Yanka Kupala (Belarusian poet, for the book «Ад сэрца» [From the heart]) (Cosmonaut, first cosmonaut to fly in space twice and first man to die on a space mission, awarded twice) Vladimir Konovalov (Sub-commander and admiral, awarded 3 times) Alexei Krylov (Russian naval engineer, applied mathematician and memoirist, awarded 3 times) () Political of the XII International Brigade in Spain (1936-1938), deputy commander of the Freedom Volunters Corp (1943-1945) and secretary (1964-1972) and president (1972-1980) of the Italian Communist Party. Fariza Magomadova (Chechen boarding school director and pioneer for women's education) (Belarusian Soviet politician) Boris Mikhailov (Soviet ice hockey team captain in 1970s and 1980s) Shoista Mullodzhanova (Bukharian Jewish Shashmakom singer) Alexander Morozov (designer of the T-64 tank) Yelena Mukhina (gymnast, 1960–2006) (Egyptian president) Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher (Soviet spy) Fyodor Okhlopkov (World War II hero) Nikolai Ostrovsky (Soviet author, 1904–1936) Lyudmila Pavlichenko (Soviet World War II) Mausuza Vanakhun (Soviet military officer, Dungan national hero) Yevgeny Pepelyaev (fighter pilot in the (British/Soviet ) (World War II Marshal of the Soviet Union, awarded 7 times) Arnold Rüütel (Estonian communist leader, later president of the independent ) Anatoly Sagalevich (underwater explorer, creator of the DSV) (Soviet composer, awarded three times) (Soviet sniper World War II) Sergey Spasokukotsky (surgeon and member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, 1870–1943) Nikolay Sutyagin (fighter pilot in World War II and Korean War) Semyon Timoshenko (World War II general, awarded 5 times) (President of 1945–1980)[6] Gherman Titov (Cosmonaut, awarded twice) (Soviet ice hockey goaltender)

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Aleksandr Vasilevsky (Soviet marshal, awarded 8 times) Pyotr Vershigora (Soviet major general and writer, Soviet partisan leader during World War II) Pham Tuan (Vietnamese cosmonaut) (Cosmonaut) (Marshal of the Soviet Union) (Soviet football goalkeeper) Vasily Grigoryevich Zaitsev (Soviet sniper during the ) Yakov Zel'dovich (Soviet physicist) (Marshal of the Soviet Union) Lyudmila Zykina (folk singer) (1949) Anatoly Karpov (World Chess Champion) (Cosmonaut, person with most time in space) Fictional recipients

In the James Bond film A View to a Kill, Bond is awarded the Order of Lenin. He is described as the first foreign recipient. The first real foreign recipient was Luigi Longo. See also

Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union Awards and decorations of the Russian Federation Order of Georgi Dimitrov Order of Karl Marx Order of Kim Il-Sung References

1. ^ McDaniel & Schmitt, The Comprehensive Guide to Soviet Orders and Medals. 2. ^ "One American, Frank Bruno Honey, received the Order of Lenin for his work." Dana G. Dalrymple, "The American Tractor Comes to Soviet Agriculture: The Transfer of a Technology", Technology and Culture, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Spring, 1964), pp. 191–214 [1] (http://www.google.com/search?hl=ru& q=%22frank+bruno+honey%22&lr=) 3. ^ (Russian) Order of Lenin - history of establishment, evolution and varieties (http://www.mirnagrad.ru /cgi-bin/exinform.cgi?page=27&ppage=1) by Valery Durov 4. ^ The Junior Aircraft Year Book, 1935, p. 8. 5. ^ Obituary reference in the Indian Parliament (http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lsdeb/ls10/ses1 /0411079105.htm) 6. ^ Tito's Home Page - With world leaders (http://www.titoville.com/odlikovanja.html) External links

(Russian) Legal Library of the USSR (http://www.libussr.ru)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Lenin&oldid=550880764" Categories: Civil awards and decorations of the Soviet Union Military awards and decorations of the Soviet Union Awards established in 1930 Awards disestablished in 1991

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