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Chapter 1 Leonardo Sciascia DENOUNCEMENT, ENGAGEMENT AND DIALECT: THE SICILIAN MYSTERY NOVELS OF LEONARDO SCIASCIA AND ANDREA CAMILLERI by Jennifer Holt A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School–New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Italian Written under the direction of Professor David Marsh And approved by ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ _________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey January, 2010 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Denouncement, Engagement and Dialect: The Sicilian Mystery Novels of Leonardo Sciascia and Andrea Camilleri By JENNIFER HOLT Dissertation Director: Professor David Marsh The genre of the mystery novel offers an ideal medium to analyze social injustice. The guise of criminal investigations allows for an examination of deviant behavior across diverse social strata and its causes and effects upon modern society. In theory, institutional justice in Italy extends equal rights and treatment to all citizens, irrespective of social standing or political affiliation. However, an analysis of criminal activity and the manner in which it is investigated and prosecuted reveals that this principle does not always hold true. These crimes-- each a labyrinth of social and political connections, the daunting task of exposing those responsible and bringing them to justice within the framework of the legal system-- constitute the plot of the Sicilian mystery novel. Despite the valiant and occasionally successful efforts of an investigator to solve these crimes, it is impossible to prosecute the guilty parties within the framework of the legal system. This break of the Sicilian mystery novel with the tradition of the genre prompted Italo Calvino to comment on “…the impossibility of the mystery novel within a ii Sicilian context” (Calvino, Foreword. To Each his Own).1 These mystery novels raise the question: What are the social phenomena unique to a Sicilian context that prevent institutionalized justice from being administered and what are the historical reasons responsible for such phenomena? When read as reflections of modern Sicilian society and the complex social problems that beleaguer it, the mystery novels of Leonardo Sciascia and Andrea Camilleri act as powerful tools of social denouncement. Through these novels their authors denounce the obscure web of connections and corruption that plagues not only Sicily but the Italian mainland as well. These mysteries reflect a society that is increasingly socially engaged, and they hint at the evolution of a collective moral consciousness in Sicily since Sciascia first published The Day of the Owl in 1961. This dissertation examines the innovative stylistic and thematic elements that make Sciascia and Camilleri’s literary contributions unique while reflecting the socially unjust cultural reality in which they were raised. 1 Unless otherwise noted, all translations are my own. Calvino, Prefazione. A Ciascuno il Suo. By Leonardo Sciascia. Milano: Adelphi, 1988. (“…come viene dimostrata l’impossibilità del romanzo giallo nell’ambiente siciliano.”) iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to Professor David Marsh for his guidance and support as my dissertation advisor. Thank you for your constant encouragement, advice, and above all, your enduring patience. I am deeply grateful for my husband Alexander Bauer, my family and friends; their unwavering moral support and faith in my abilities made this dissertation possible. Special thanks go to my dear friends Federica Franzè, for her help in editing and proofreading this dissertation, and to Blanca Gascò, for introducing me to the works of Andrea Camilleri while in Sicily one summer, many years ago. iv Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ..............................................................................................................v Introduction .......................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Leonardo Sciascia: Forging the Path of Sicilian Social Engagement through the Mystery Novel ..............................................................................................8 1.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................8 1.2 Life......................................................................................................................10 1.3 Mystery Novels...................................................................................................14 1.3.1 The Day of the Owl .................................................................................15 1.3.2 To Each his Own.................................................................................... 23 1.3.3 Equal Danger..........................................................................................25 1.3.4 One Way or Another ...............................................................................27 1.3.5 The Knight and Death ............................................................................29 1.3.6 A Straightforward Tale ..........................................................................30 1.4 Analysis of Mystery Novels................................................................................33 Chapter 2: Dialect in the Mystery Novel of Andrea Camilleri: The Crossroads of Theatrics and Social Engagement .................................................................................53 2.1 Life.....................................................................................................................53 2.2 The Mystery Novel and the Inspector Montalbano ...........................................66 2.2.1 The Shape of Water................................................................................ 66 2.2.2 The Terra-Cotta Dog .............................................................................68 v 2.2.3 The Snack Thief ......................................................................................71 2.2.4 Voice of the Violin ..................................................................................73 2.2.5 Excursion to Tindari .............................................................................. 75 2.2.6 The Smell of the Night............................................................................ 78 2.2.7 Rounding the Mark ................................................................................ 80 2.3 Analysis of Montalbano Mysteries ....................................................................84 Chapter 3: History as the Key to Modern Social Injustices: The Historical Novels of Leonardo Sciascia and Andrea Camilleri ...................................................................114 3.1 Introduction to Historical Novels......................................................................114 3.2 Historical Novels by Leonardo Sciascia...........................................................115 3.2.1 On Behalf of the Unfaithful.................................................................. 115 3.2.2 Death of the Inquisitor......................................................................... 117 3.2.3 The Council of Egypt ............................................................................121 3.3 Historical Novels by Andrea Camilleri.............................................................124 3.3.1 The Way Things Go...............................................................................124 3.3.2 A Thread of Smoke................................................................................130 3.3.3 The Forgotten Massacre.......................................................................136 3.3.4 The Seal of Agreement ..........................................................................140 Chapter 4: The Disappearance: Sciascia and Camilleri as Epigones of Pirandello 144 Coda ...............................................................................................................................154 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................156 C.V. .................................................................................................................................161 vi 1 Introduction Human progress is neither automatic nor inevitable... Every step toward the goal of justice requires sacrifice, suffering, and struggle; the tireless exertions and passionate concern of dedicated individuals. – Martin Luther King, Jr. In an interview the renowned Italian prosecutor Gian Carlo Caselli once commented, that in order to understand Sicily he read Sicilian authors from Giovanni Verga and Luigi Pirandello to Leonardo Sciascia and Andrea Camilleri. As proof, he then pulled a copy of The Fly Game (Il gioco della mosca) by Camilleri, out of his pocket (Sorgi 18). His coupling of Leonardo Sciascia and Andrea Camilleri with two of Sicily’s most renowned authors bears testament to the value and importance of their literary creation. Both Leonardo Sciascia and Andrea Camilleri have made a tremendous contribution to Italian literature by introducing
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