DOCSLIB.ORG

Predictors of Father-Child and Mother-Child Attachment in Two- Parent Families

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Predictors of Father-Child and Mother-Child Attachment in Two- Parent Families Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2013 Predictors of Father-Child and Mother-Child Attachment in Two- Parent Families Jared P. Benware Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Benware, Jared P., "Predictors of Father-Child and Mother-Child Attachment in Two-Parent Families" (2013). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 1734. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1734 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PREDICTORS OF FATHER-CHILD AND MOTHER-CHILD ATTACHMENT IN TWO-PARENT FAMILIES by Jared P. Benware A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of EDUCATIONAL SPECIALIST in Psychology Approved: ___________________________ ___________________________ Gretchen Gimpel Peacock, Ph.D. Donna Gilbertson, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ___________________________ ___________________________ M. Scott DeBerard, Ph.D. Mark R. McLellan, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2013 ii Copyright © Jared Benware 2013 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Predictors of Father-Child and Mother-Child Attachment in Two-Parent Families by Jared P. Benware, Educational Specialist Utah State University, 2013 Major Professor: Dr. Gretchen Gimpel Peacock Department: Psychology The attachment of a child and his or her caregiver is a bond that helps tie them together emotionally. The most important principle of attachment theory is the need of a child to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for healthy emotional and social development to occur. The majority of attachment research has focused primarily on mother-child attachment, minimizing fathers’ contributions to attachment. The current study examined attachment of both mothers and fathers in two-parent families. Research questions focused on the relationship between mother-child attachment and father-child attachment, the relationship between child temperament and father-child attachment security, and whether the amount of time each parent is away from his/her child predicts attachment security. The participants in this study consisted of 50 sets of parents (100 participants) who had at least one child between the ages of 3-5. The relationship between father-child and mother-child attachment was not significant. iv Likewise, the relationship between child temperament and parent-child attachment was not significant. Also, parents’ time away from their child was not a significant predictor of attachment. Further research is needed with more ethnicities and cultures represented; a more balanced sample of economic classes; mothers who work more hours outside of the home; and the use of more impartial, third party observation measures to assess attachment and child temperament. (74 pages) v PUBLIC ABSTRACT Predictors of Father-Child and Mother-Child Attachment in Two-Parent Families by Jared P. Benware Utah State University, 2013 Jared Benware, M.S. and Gretchen Gimpel Peacock, Ph.D. at Utah State University examined parent-child attachment in two-parent families. Specifically, the relationship between mother-child and father-child attachment, the relationship between a child’s temperament and parent-child attachment, and the relationship between the attachment and the amounts of time a parent spends away from his or her child. The researchers solicited parents as participants to complete questionnaires that measure parent-child attachment and the temperament of their child. This study focused especially on providing more information on the connection between father-child attachment and mother-child attachment rather than focusing only on mothers as the primary attachment figure or fathers as supplemental attachment figures to mothers. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like thank my committee chairperson, Dr. Gretchen Peacock, for the countless hours and support she invested in this project. I also would like to thank my other committee members, Dr. Donna Gilbertson, Dr. Clint Field, and Dr. Scott DeBerard, for their expertise and knowledge that they have shared with me during my graduate school experience at Utah State University. I would also like to thank my wife, Merilee, for her inspiration and for always believing in me. Jared P. Benware vii CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. iii PUBLIC ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................................................ 7 Attachment Theory ........................................................................................ 7 Measures of Attachment ................................................................................ 9 Maternal Contributions to Attachment .......................................................... 17 Child’s Temperament and Attachment .......................................................... 19 The Role of Environment in Attachment ...................................................... 21 Fathers’ Role in Attachment .......................................................................... 23 Summary ........................................................................................................ 25 III. METHODS .................................................................................................... 27 Participants ..................................................................................................... 27 Measures ........................................................................................................ 27 Procedure ....................................................................................................... 32 IV. RESULTS ...................................................................................................... 34 Descriptive Statistics .................................................................................... 34 Relationship Between Father-Child and Mother-Child Attachment ............. 34 Relationship Between Child Temperament and Father-Child Attachment ... 36 Time Away from the Child and Attachment Security ................................... 36 V. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................ 42 viii Father-Child and Mother-Child Attachment Connections ........................... 42 Relationship between Child Temperament and Parent-Child Attachment .... 43 Time Away from the Child by the Parent and Attachment Security ............. 45 Limitations and Future Directions ................................................................. 46 Summary ........................................................................................................ 47 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 48 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. 54 Appendix A: Letter of Information ............................................................... 55 Appendix B: Recruiting Materials ................................................................. 58 Appendix C: Demographic Survey ................................................................ 62 ix LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Demographic Characteristics ......................................................................... 28 2 Descriptive Statistics of Parents’ Time Away ............................................... 35 3 Descriptive Statistics of the AQSQ ............................................................... 35 4 Descriptive Statistics of the DOTS-R ............................................................ 36 5 Child Temperament and Father-Child Attachment Score Correlation .......... 38 6 Contribution of Time Away from the Child to Mother-Child Attachment ... 39 7 Contribution of Time Away from the Child to Father-Child Attachment ..... 39 8 Parent-Child Attachment and Parent’s Time Away Correlations ................. 41 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Page 1 Father-child attachment breakdown .............................................................. 37 2 Mother-child attachment breakdown ............................................................. 37 3 Father-child temperament breakdown ........................................................... 38 4 Mother-child temperament breakdown ......................................................... 38 5 Father’s time away breakdown .....................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Stability of Attachment Security from Infancy to Adolescence and Early Adulthood: General Introduction
    Child Development, May /June 2000, Volume 71, Number 3, Pages 678-683 The Stability of Attachment Security from Infancy to Adolescence and Early Adulthood: General Introduction Everett Waters, Claire E. Hamilton, and Nancy S. Weinfield Current attachment theory hypothesizes that attachment security during infancy influences individual differences in adult representations of attachment. We present three long-term longitudinal studies using three different samples relevant to this hypothesis. Each study assesses infant attachment by using the Ainsworth Strange Situation and adult attachment by using the Berkeley Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Attachment security was significantly stable in the first two studies. Discontinuity in all three studies was related to negative life events and circumstances. Comparison of the results across these complementary studies affords a degree of replication and sheds light on alternative interpretations. Various mechanisms underlying the stability and instability of attachment security are discussed. INTRODUCTION to context and, although available across a wide range The role of early experience in later development is an of situations and across age, its operating characteristics enduring issue in developmental psychology. This issue remain open to revision in light of significant new is of theoretical and clinical interest and, in important experiences (Bowlby, 1969; Waters, Kondo-Ikemura, respects, defines the relation of developmental Posada, & Richters, 1991). Bowlby (1969, 1973) psychology to the social, personality, and clinical hypothesized that early relationship experience with the psychology of adulthood. Developmentalists today primary caregiver leads eventually to generalized generally agree that infants can meaningfully engage, expectations about the self, others, and the world. experience, influence, and represent their environments Cognitive representations of these expectations are (e.g., Mehler & Dupoux, 1993; Sroufe, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • A View from the Child Welfare System
    Health Care Reform HCRTP Tracking Project PROMISING APPROACHES FOR BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES TO CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES IN MANAGED CARE SYSTEMS #2: A VIEW FROM THE CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM Jan McCarthy and Charlotte McCullough March 2003 National Technical Assistance Center for Children’s Mental Health Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development Washington, DC Research and Training Center for Children’s Mental Health Department of Child and Family Studies Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute University of South Florida Tampa, FL Human Service Collaborative Washington, DC Funded by: Additional Funding Support from: Administration for Children and Families U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Promising Approaches Series • 2003 Document Available From: Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development 3307 M Street, NW, Suite 401, Washington DC 20007 202/687-5000 voice 202/687-1954 fax Attention: Mary Moreland [email protected] Soon to be available on the web at gucdc.georgetown.edu This paper is supported with funding from the Center for Health Care Strategies, Inc. Supplemental support is provided by Children’s Bureau, Administration on Children, Youth, and Families of the Administration for Children and Families in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, through a cooperative agreement with the Child, Adolescent, and Family Branch, Center for Mental Health Services of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The document reflects the findings of a research project, the thinking of respondents in states and communities, and the authors. It does not necessarily represent official policy or positions of the funding sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Attachment in the Classroom
    Educ Psychol Rev (2009) 21:141–170 DOI 10.1007/s10648-009-9104-0 REVIEW ARTICLE Attachment in the Classroom Christi Bergin & David Bergin Published online: 21 May 2009 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2009 Abstract Attachment influences students’ school success. This is true of students’ attachment to their parents, as well as to their teachers. Secure attachment is associated with higher grades and standardized test scores compared to insecure attachment. Secure attachment is also associated with greater emotional regulation, social competence, and willingness to take on challenges, and with lower levels of ADHD and delinquency, each of which in turn is associated with higher achievement. These effects tend to be stronger for high-risk students. In this era of accountability, enhancing teacher–student relationships is not merely an add-on, but rather is fundamental to raising achievement. Understanding the role of attachment in the classroom will help educators be more effective, particularly with challenging students. Twelve suggestions to improve teacher–student relationships and school bonding are provided. Keywords Attachment . Achievement . School bonding . Teacher–student relationship Children’s socioemotional well-being is critical to school success, and attachment is the foundation of socioemotional well-being. Because of this, educators—from preschool to high school—can be more effective if they understand how attachment influences their students. Attachment influences school success through two routes: indirectly through attachment to parents, and directly through attachment to teachers and schools. In this article, we briefly review basic attachment concepts for readers who are not familiar with attachment research. We then show how attachment to parents is linked to school success, and we summarize the limited research on attachment-like relationships with teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Benefits of Child-Centered Play Therapy and Filial Therapy for Pre-School-Aged Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder and Their Famiies
    Smith ScholarWorks Theses, Dissertations, and Projects 2014 The benefits of child-centered play therapy and filial therapy for pre-school-aged children with reactive attachment disorder and their famiies Andrea S. White Smith College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation White, Andrea S., "The benefits of child-centered play therapy and filial therapy for pre-school-aged children with reactive attachment disorder and their famiies" (2014). Masters Thesis, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/846 This Masters Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Projects by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Andrea White The Benefits of Child-Centered Play Therapy and Filial Therapy for Preschool-Aged Children with Reactive Attachment Disorder and Their Families ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate, from a theoretical perspective, the best treatment approach for preschool-aged children with Reactive Attachment Disorder. The challenges and needs of these children can be extensive, and the search for effective treatment is ongoing. Two specific questions of focus were: How are the theories behind Non-Directive Play Therapy/Child-Centered Play Therapy and Filial Therapy useful in conceptualizing the experience of therapy for a child with attachment disorder? And, how could these treatments be used to benefit children with attachment disorders and their families? The research for this paper involved a literature review of peer-reviewed articles on Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and treatment, original sources describing Attachment Theory, Non-Directive Play Therapy and Filial Therapy, and the DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Principles of Attachment Theory Overview, Hypotheses, and Research Ideas
    CHAPTER 12 Major Principles of Attachment Theory Overview, Hypotheses, and Research Ideas Jeffry A. Simpson W. Steven Rholes Jami Eller Ramona L. Paetzold uring the past five decades, few theories in plains modal (species-typical) attachment pro- Dpsychology have generated as much inter- cesses and patterns of behavior in humans, and est, research, and debate as attachment theory (2) an individual-difference component, which (Bowlby, 1969/1982, 1973, 1980, 1988) and its explains individual deviations from modal recent extensions (see Cassidy & Shaver, 2016). processes and behavioral patterns. Most of the Attachment theory is an extensive, inclusive major principles and hypotheses we discuss in theory of personality and social development this chapter are normative ones, but we also “from the cradle to the grave” (Bowlby, 1979, highlight principles associated with well-estab- p. 129). Being a lifespan theory, it is relevant to lished individual differences in attachment pat- several areas in psychology, including develop- terns (in children) and attachment orientations mental, personality, social, cognitive, neurosci- (in adults), including how they are related to a ence, and clinical. host of personal and relational processes and Because attachment theory covers the entire outcomes. life course, it has several fundamental prin- We began our work on this chapter by sur- ciples and core hypotheses, most of which ad- veying the theoretical and empirical literature dress how and why people think, feel, and be- on attachment processes across the lifespan and have in particular ways within relationships at generated an initial list of potential principles different points of their lives. Given the focus and hypotheses.
    [Show full text]
  • Earned Secure Attachment: Connection
    4/28/2018 What is Attachment Theory? Human beings are born wired for Earned Secure Attachment: connection. At the very beginning of our Helping Clients Rewire their Brains lives, we form attachments to our primary through Creating a Coherent Narrative caretakers as a survival mechanism. with Dr. Lisa Firestone Our attachment pattern forms as a result of the adaptations we made in infancy to get our needs met. Children make the best adaptations they can to their family. April 27 th , 2018 California Psychological Association Annual Conference – La Jolla, CA What is Attachment Theory? Attachment Theory Developmental Created by John Bowlby, a British psychoanalyst, based partly on primate ethology, to explain why “maternal deprivation” leads to anxiety, anger, delinquency, and depression From 1969-1988, he published five books about the theory, including one on psychotherapy. 1 4/28/2018 Attachment Theory and Research Attachment Theory Distilled Bowlby contended that internal working models of attachment help to explain: ▷ Humans, especially young • children, rely on attachment Emotional distress figures for protection, • Personality disturbance support, and emotion • Emotional detachment regulation “Attachment underlies later capacity to make effectual ▷ The attachment behavioral bonds as well as a whole range of adult dysfunctions,” system is an evolved, innate particularly with marital bonds and trouble parenting. regulator of proximity (hence of safety and safe exploration) From “Attachment Theory and Research: Implications for Psychodynamic Psychotherapy” http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-60761-792-1_24#page-1 Attachment Theory Distilled Attachment Theory Distilled ▷ When threats abate, behavioral systems other than attachment (e.g., ▷ Our attachment system is activated when we are distressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Attachment Theory and Research: Overview with Suggested Applications to Child Custody
    INVITED MONOGRAPH ATTACHMENT THEORY AND RESEARCH: OVERVIEW WITH SUGGESTED APPLICATIONS TO CHILD CUSTODY Mary Main, Erik Hesse, and Siegfried Hesse* The term “attachment” is now in common usage and, as the readers of this Special Issue are aware, is referenced in a rapidly increasing variety of contexts involving child custody (McIntosh & Chisholm, 2008). The aim of this article is to provide judges, lawyers, mediators and mental health professionals involved in custody assessment with an overview of the history of the field of attachment and its principal measures, together with a clear description of what the term “attachment” does—and does not—mean to attachment researchers and theoreticians. Implications for normative separations that do not involve custody- related assessment or the intervention of courts or mediators are also considered. With respect to contested custody cases, we consider the use of standardized attachment measures, and note that sufficient validation for most such measures in clinical contexts is still developing. We describe three measures taken from the research literature (the Strange Situation procedure, the Attachment Q-sort and theAdultAttachment Interview), each subjected to meta-analyses and widely regarded as “gold standard” methods in research.These three methods come closest at this point in time to meeting criteria for providing “scientific evidence” regarding an individual’s current attachment status. Limitations on widespread use include the need for substantiating meta-analyses on father-child relationships, and further validation across a wider spread of children’s ages. We are confident that these restrictions can be solved by new research. In the interim, we argue that increased familiarity with the above measures will assist custody evaluators both in standardizing their assessment procedures and their capacity to gain more from the observational data available to them.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a Deeper Understanding of Adoption Family Structure: Concepts Borrowed from Social Justice, Attachment Theory, and Relational Dialectics Thomas C
    Article 77 Toward a Deeper Understanding of Adoption Family Structure: Concepts Borrowed From Social Justice, Attachment Theory, and Relational Dialectics Thomas C. Harrison and Terianne F. Harrison Harrison, Thomas C., is a professor of Counseling and Educational Psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno. He is the former Associate Dean of the College of Education and Director of the Downing Counseling Clinic. Dr. Harrison’s current research efforts are focused on social justice and dialectical thought. Harrison, Terianne F., is a doctoral student in Counseling and Educational Psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno. She has a master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from the University of Nevada, Reno and is in private practice. Her dissertation and clinical practice focus on adoption and adoptee identity development. Abstract Adoption and adoption family issues are not a regular part of most counselor preparation programs and, as such, mental health professionals do not have adequate training in adoption and adoption issues. The studies on adoption often reflect a lack of birth family participants and are focused instead on the adoptee and the adopted family. This paper provides a conceptualization of the adoption family system that integrates four perspectives: social justice, attachment theory—specifically object relations, the adoption triad (i.e., adoptee, all members of the adopted family, and all members of the birth family), and relational dialectics. These four dimensions comprise a fundamental conceptualization that mental health practitioners can use to help design treatments for adoptees and their families. Keywords: adoption, adoption triad, attachment theory and adoption, relational dialectics According to the United States Census Bureau (2010), between 2–4% of the American population is adopted, and this is an underestimation because only the adopted children in the home were counted.
    [Show full text]
  • 16 Sleep and Attachment Disorders in Children
    Chap-16:Sleep 10/12/2006 4:54 PM Page 219 16 Sleep and attachment disorders in children K H Brisch INTRODUCTION their disorders in children, and to strategize pre- vention measures that can help parents and infants An infant’s quiet night of sleep is a source of hap- establish sleep patterns and regulate sleep rhythms piness and empowerment for parents. In prenatal from the beginning.5–12 classes, many parents worry that their baby might develop a sleep disorder and that night-time could become an intense scene of crying and responses. ATTACHMENT THEORY AND DISORDERS Indeed, quite a percentage of infants and children develop sleep disorders, and nocturnal wakings Attachment is a fundamental human motivation and bed sharing are quite common during early that helps the infant to survive. During the first childhood. During infancy, the frequency of night- year, an infant develops a specific, exclusive attach- wakings increases with maturation of locomotion.1 ment relationship to an attachment figure that serves Nocturnal awakings have been reported in as a secure base for the infant and provides protec- 20–30% of 1- to 3-year-olds.2,3 These findings tion. Once the baby’s attachment system starts to appear despite the fact that methodologic prob- develop, which can be observed from 12 weeks lems exist in assessing sleep problems in infants, onward, the infant reacts on separation with attach- and it is well documented that maternal reports do ment behavior, such as crying to protest separation not objectively reflect the sleep pattern of their from the attachment figure followed by seeking infants.4 Although a sleep disorder does not neces- physical contact and reunion.13 We can distinguish sarily lead to an attachment disorder, an infant’s three different patterns of attachment quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Dimensions of the heterosexual bond: Culture, personality and cycle eects SHIMODA, REI How to cite: SHIMODA, REI (2014) Dimensions of the heterosexual bond: Culture, personality and cycle eects, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11066/ Use policy This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 (CC BY-SA) Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Dimensions of the heterosexual bond: Culture, personality and cycle effects Rei Shimoda Abstract Romantic love, sexual desire, and adult attachment mechanisms were proposed to be universal adaptations which initiate and maintain a pair-bond relationship with a selected partner. The main goal of the thesis was to explore the functions of the pair-bond mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective and to test whether these proposed mechanisms showed the characteristics expected of psychological systems designed to initiate and maintain a pair-bond. The life history theory assumes that, as the available resources and lifespan are limited, decisions regarding resource allocation (e.g., energy) involve trade-offs among life history tasks (e.g., reproduction, parenting). The theory implies that individuals in different circumstances should deal with trade-offs differently, and this may be reflected in the experiences of pair-bond relationships. I first selected prospective items in order to construct self-report measurements of pair-bond relationships (Chapter Two). These items were administered to Occidental and Japanese participants.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding and Treating Attachments
    Understanding and Treating Attachment Problems in Children: What Went Wrong, and How Can Problems Be Fixed Dave Ziegler, Ph.D. Executive Director Jasper Mountain 37875 Jasper-Lowell Road Jasper, Oregon Effects of Trauma on Attachment 2 Abstract Developmental psychology, child development and clinical application with trauma have all placed important roles in a new understanding of attachment and bonding problems in early childhood. This article is broken into two parts. Part I discusses the important role that attachment plays in the future social success of children. It explains the tenants of traditional attachment theory and how trauma affects healthy attachment. This discussion continues with revisions to attachment theory that respond to its historical weak points. A new theoretical view of attachment is proposed identifying the causes of attachment behavior. Part II turns to clinical aspects of the treatment of attachment problems. Problems caused by trauma are identified and the many therapeutic complexities are outlined. A model for treating attachment disturbances is proposed that discusses the clinical process in three distinct areas: disrupted attachment, anxious attachment, and no attachment. The article ends with a discussion of the prognosis for a successful outcome and projects time requirements for attachment disorder therapy. Effects of Trauma on Attachment 3 Understanding and Treating Attachment Problems in Children: What Went Wrong and How Can Problems Be Fixed Introduction The study of Psychology over the last hundred years can be compared to reading a novel starting late into the book and reading progressively backwards to the beginning. Our understanding of the complex mind and psychological make-up of Homo Sapiens has begun with adults, moved to young adults, teens, adolescents, toddlers and finally we are beginning to read with great interest the first chapters of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Healthy Relationships Between Young Children
    Supporting Healthy Relationships Between Young Children and Their Parents Bridging the gap between research and public policy to improve the lives of children and families Lessons from Attachment Theory and Research Spring 2007 Karen Appleyard, Ph.D., MSW Lisa J. Berlin, Ph.D. ABOUT THE AUTHORS t a child care center, 18-month-old Karen Appleyard, Ph.D., MSW, is a research scientist at the Center for Child Hannah is clinging to her mother and Family Policy at Duke University and and crying as they enter. Her mother postdoctoral fellow at the University of A pulls Hannah’s hands from her arm, saying, North Carolina’s Center for Developmental “Don’t be such a crybaby and go play.” In Science. Her research and clinical interests are in the correlates and consequences of a pediatrician’s waiting room, two-year- parenting, developmental processes under- old Carlos climbs dangerously high on the lying adaptation to adversity, and furniture. He throws a toy at his mother empirically-based interventions relating to trauma and attachment. when she calls his name. His mother laughs nervously and says quietly, “I don’t know Contact: [email protected] what to do with him.” In a family’s kitchen, Lisa Berlin, Ph.D., is a research scientist at one-year-old Keisha yanks on a locked kitchen the Center for Child and Family Policy at cabinet while her father is cooking. Her father kneels next to Keisha and Duke University. Her work focuses on early says, “Oh - I see you are trying to get into this cabinet, but these glass child development, child poverty, child pans are for me.
    [Show full text]