SYMPHONY HALL, BOSTON HUNTINGTON AND MASSACHUSETTS AVENUES

Branch Exchange Telephones, Ticket and Administration Offices, Commonwealth 1492

1> INC.

Dr. SERGE KOUSSEVITZKY, Conductor

FIFTIETH SEASON, 1930-1931

'©gramme

WITH HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTES BY PHILIP HALE

COPYRIGHT, 1931, BY BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA, INC.

THE OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF THE

BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA, Inc.

FREDERICK P. CABOT President

BENTLEY W. WARREN Vice-President

ERNEST B. DANE Treasurer

FREDERICK P. CABOT FREDERICK E. l6wELL ERNEST B. DANE ARTHUR LYMAN N. PENROSE HALLOWELL WILLIAM PHILLIPS M. A. DE WOLFE HOWE EDWARD M. PICKMAN JOHN ELLERTON LODGE HENRY B. SAWYER BENTLEY W. WARREN

W. H. BRENNAN, Manager G. E. JUDD, Assistant Manager

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Used pianos accepted in partial exchange. If there is no Steinway dealer near you, write for information to Steinway & Sons, Steinway Hall, 109 West 57th Street, New York City.

m m J 1 ************** - *"" "n*i n nn njyru-i_rLrLn_ruLAifvn n nn i .n.ri .n_ri.nj'Li'>_r> . iV*wW%iV » Represented in Boston and other New England cities by M. Steinert & Sons 1558 >©§: str.

Fiftieth Season, 1930-1931

Dr. SERGE KOUSSEVITZKY, Conductor

PERSONNEL

Violins.

Burgin, R. Elcus, G. Gundersen, R. Sauvlet, H. Cherkassky, P. Concert-master Kreinin, B. Kassman, N. Hamilton, V. Eisler, D.

Theodorowicz, J.

Hansen, E. Lauga, N. Fedorovsky, P. Leibovici, J. Pinfield, C. Mariotti, V. Leveen, P. Tapley, R. Thillois, F. Zung, M. Knudson, C. Gorodetzky, L. Mayer, P. Diamond, S. Zide, L. Fiedler, B.

Bryant, M. Beale, M. Stonestreet, L. Messina, S.

Murray, J. Del Sordo, R. Erkelens, H. Seiniger, S.

Violas.

Lefranc, J. Fourel, G. Bernard, A. Grover, H.

Artieres, L. Cauhape, J. Van Wynbergen, C. Werner, H. Fiedler, A. Avierino, N. Deane, C. Gerhardt, S. Jacob, R. Violoncellos.

Bedetti, J. Langendoen, J. Chardon, Y. Stockbridge, C. Fabrizio, E.

Zighera, A. Barth, C. Droeghmans, H. Warnke, J. Marjollet, L.

Basses.

Kunze, M. Lemaire, J. Ludwig, O. Girard, H. Moleux, G. Vondrak, A. Oliver, F. Frankel, I. Dufresne, G. Kelley, A.

Flutes. Oboes. Clarinets. Bassoons.

Laurent, G. Gillet, F. Polatschek, V. Laus, A.

Bladet, G. Dcvergie, J. Mimart, P. Allard, R. Amerena, P. Stanislaus, H. Arcieri, E. Panenka, E. Allegra, E. Bettoney, F. (E-flat Clarinet) Piccolo. English Horn. Bass Clarinet. Contra-Bassoon.

Battles, A. Speyer, L. Pigassou, G. Piller, B. Horns. Horns. Trumpets. Trombones. Boettcher, G. Valkenier, W Mager, G. Raichman, J. Pogrebniak, S. Schindler, G. Lafosse, M. Hansotte, L. Van Den Berg, C. Lannoye, M. Grundey, T. Kenfield, L. Lorbeer, H. Blot, G. Terret, G. Adam, E. Voisin, R.

Mann, J. Tubas. Harps. Timpani. Percussion.

Sidow, P. Zighera, B. Ritter, A. Sternburg, S. Adam, E. Caughey, E. Polster, M. White, L.

Organ. Celesta. Librarian.

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1560 FIFTIETH SEASON, NINETEEN HUNDRED THIRTY AND THIRTY-ONE

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FRIDAY AFTERNOON, APRIL 24, at 2.30 o'clock

SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 25, at 8.15 o'clock

Schubert ...... Symphony in C major, No. 7

I. Andante; Allegro non troppo. II. Andante con moto. III. Scherzo; Allegro vivace; Trio. IV. Finale: Allegro vivace.

GrirTes "The Pleasure Dome of Kubla Khan" (After the Poem of S. T. Coleridge)

Lambert . "The Rio Grande," for Chorus, Orchestra and Solo Pianoforte (Poem by Sacheverell Sitwell) Piano Solo: JESUS MARfA SANROMA (First time in Boston)

Stravinsky . . Suite from "L'Oiseau de Feu" ("The Fire-Bird") A Danced Legend

I. Introduction: Katschei's Enchanted Garden and Dance of the Fire-Bird. II. Supplication of the Fire-Bird. III. The Princesses Play with the Golden Apples. IV. Dance of the Princess. V. Infernal Dance of all the Subjects of Katschei.

Chorus of the Cecilia Society, Arthur Fiedler, Conductor

STEINWAY PIANO

There will be an intermission after the symphony.

Announcement of the new book "THE BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA: 1881-1931," on page 1611.

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1562 Symphony in C major, No. 7 Franz Schubert

(Born at Lichtenthal, Vienna, January 31, 1797; died at Vienna November 19, 1828)

The manuscript of this symphony, numbered 7 in the Breitkopf & Hartel list and sometimes known as No. 10, bears the date March, 1828. In 1828 Schubert composed besides this symphony the songs

"Die Sterne" and <*Der Winterabend" ; the oratorio, "Miriams Sieges- gesang" ; the song "Auf dem Strom"; the "Schwanengesang" cycle; the string quintet Op. 163 and the Mass in E-flat. On November 14 he took to his bed. It is said that Schubert gave the work to the Musikverein of Vienna for performance; that the parts were dis- tributed; that it was even tried in rehearsal; that its length and difficulty were against it, and it was withdrawn on Schubert's own advice in favor of his earlier Symphony in C, No. 6 (written in 1817). All this has been doubted; but the symphony is entered in the catalogue of the society under the year 1828, and the statements just quoted have been fully substantiated. Schubert said, when he gave the work to the Musikverein, that he was through with songs, and should henceforth confine himself to opera and symphony.

From Recent Programs of Prominent Artists SONGS KATHERINE FOLLETT MANN MME. SCHUMANN-HEINK Mabel W. Daniels, Cherry Flowers G. W. Chadwick, The Danza WALTER KIDDER JOHN McCORMACK Mrs. M. H. Gulesian, Spring Arthur Foote, Memnon Interlude MARIA JERITZA ROSE ZULALIAN Mrs. H. H. A. Beach, Ah, Love, but Mrs. M. H. Gulesian, Spring Inter- a Day lude, Hollyhocks, Pan and the GIOVANNI MARTINELLI Little Green Reed Mrs. H. H. A. Beach, Ah, Love, but MAUDE ERICSON Mrs. M. H. Gulesian, Spring DOROTHY GEORGE Interlude Marion Bauer, The Linnet is Tuning AVERINO her Flute OLGA Mrs. M. H. Gulesian, Spring Inter- Mrs. H. H. A. Beach, Ah, Love, but lude, Hollvhocks a Day EMMA ROBERTS JAMES R. HOUGHTON Spring Mrs. H. H. A. Beach, Ah, Love, but Mrs. M. H. Gulesian, a Day Interlude G. W. Chadwick, The Danza ESTA CANTOR ANNA HAMLIN Arthur Foote, A Song of Four Seasons Mrs. H. H. A. Beach, On a Hill G. W. Chadwick, The Lament (Negro Melody)

INSTRUMENTAL FELIX FOX (Pianist) MAIER and PATTISON (Two Pianos) Felix Fox, Fantaisie lyrique ' from F. Chopin, Op. 73. Rondo Edward MacDowell, Finale (Abbreviated and revised by Lee Keltic Sonata. Played at Boston, Pattison) Providence, Andover, Greenfield, Edward MacDowell, Forest Elves Farmington, etc. (Transcribed by Felix Fox) ADOLPHE HALLIS (Pianist) WALTER EDELSTEIN (Violinist) Theophil Wendt, Valse Glissando on A. Walter Kramer, Eklog Black Keys PHILADELPHIA SINFONIETTA, Fabien Sevitzky, Conductor Arthur Foote, Suite in E for Strings

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1563 It has been said that the first performance of the symphony was at Leipsic in 1839. This statement is not true. Schubert himself never heard the work; but it was performed at a concert of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna, December 14, 1828, and re- peated March 12, 1829. It was then forgotten, until Schumann visited Vienna in 1838, and looked over the mass of manuscripts then in the possession of Schubert's brother Ferdinand. Schumann sent a transcript of the symphony to Mendelssohn for the Gewand- haus concerts, Leipsic. It was produced at the concert of March 21, 1839, under Mendelssohn's direction, and repeated three times during the following season,—December 12, 1839, March 12 and

April 3, 1840. Mendelssohn made some cuts in the work for these performances. The score and parts were published in January, 1850.*

The first performance in Boston was at a concert, October 6, 1852, when the small orchestra was led by Mr. Suck. We are told that on this occasion the first violins were increased to four, two extra

Hanslick says in "Geschichte des Concertwesens in Wien" (Vienna, 1869) that the sixth, not the ninth, symphony was performed at the concert in Vienna, December

14, 1828 ; that the ninth was first heard in Vienna in 1839, when only the first and second movements were played, and separated by an aria of Donizetti ; that the first complete performance at Vienna was in 1850. Grove makes the same statement. But see Richard Heuberger's "Franz Schubert" (Berlin, 1902), p. 87.

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1565 and a second oboe was violoncellos took the place of the bassoons, symphony in 1853 and added. The Germania Orchestra played the Philharmonic concert was on 1854; the first performance at a March 14, 1857. January 1851, by The first performance in New York was on 11, the Philharmonic Society, led by Mr. Eisfeld. The manuscript is full of alterations. As a rule Schubert made few changes or corrections in his score. In this symphony, alter- ations are found at the very beginning. The subject of the intro- duction and that of the Allegro were materially changed; the tempo of the opening movement was altered from Allegro vivace to Allegro ma non troppo. Only the Finale seems to have satisfied him as originally conceived, and this Finale is written as though at headlong speed. The symphony is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, three trombones, kettle- drums, strings. There is a story that Schubert was afraid he had made too free use of trombones, and asked the advice of Franz Lachner. The second theme of the first movement has a decidedly Slav-

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1567 —

Hungarian character, and this character colors other portions of the symphony both in melody and general mood. The rhythm of the scherzo theme had been used by Schubert as early as 1814 in his quartet in B-flat. It may also be remarked that the scherzo is not based on the old menuet form, and that there is more thematic development than was customary in such movements at that period. There is a curious tradition—a foolish invention is perhaps the better phrase—that the Finale illustrates the story of Phaeton and his justly celebrated experience as driver of 's chariot. Others find in the Finale a reminiscence of the terrible approach of the Statue towards the supper-table of Don Giovanni.

Schumann after a performance of the symphony at Leipsic, wrote a rhapsody which might well take the place of an analysis: "Often, when looking on Vienna from the mountain heights, I thought how many times the restless eye of Beethoven may have scanned that distant Alpine range, how dreamily Mozart may have watched the course of the Danube which seems to thread its way through every grove and forest, and how often Father Haydn looked at the spire of St. Stephen and felt unsteady whilst gazing at such

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1568 1569 a dizzy height. Kange in one compact frame the several pictures of the Danube, the cathedral towers, and the distant Alpine range, and steep all these images in the holy incense of Catholicism, and you have an ideal of Vienna herself ; the exquisite landscape stands out in bold relief before us, and Fancy will sweep those strings which, but for her, would never have found an echo in our souls. "In Schubert's symphony, in the transparent, glowing, romantic life therein reflected, I see the city more clearly mirrored than ever, and understand more perfectly than before why such works are native to the scene around me. I shall not try to extol and inter- pret the symphony; men in the different stages of life take such different views of the impressions they deprive from artistic fancies, and the youth of eighteen often discovers in a symphony the echo of some world-wide event, where the mature man sees but a local matter, whereas the musician has never thought of either the one or the other, and has merely poured forth from his heart the very best music he could give. But only grant that we believe that this outer world, to-day fair, to-morrow dark, may appeal deeply to the inmost heart of the poet and musician, and that more than merely lovely melody, something above and beyond sorrow and joy, as these emotions have been portrayed a hundred times in music, lies

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1571 ! concealed in this symphony—nay, more, that we are by the music transported to a region where we can never remember to have been kefore—to experience all this we must listen to symphonies such as this. "Here we have, besides masterly power over the musical techni- calities of composition, life in all its phases, color in exquisite gradations, the minutest accuracy and fitness of expression, and, permeating the whole work, a spirit of romance such as we recog- nize in other works of Franz Schubert. And this heavenly, long- drawn-out symphony is like some thick romance of Jean Paul's in four volumes, which can never end—and, indeed, for the very best reasons, in order that it may draw along the reader with it up to the last moment. How refreshing this feeling of satisfaction of being deceived by the large wealth of melody, whereas with other composers one always fears the end, and feels often saddened b\ the impotent conclusion "Schubert's easy and brilliant mastery over the resources of an orchestra would be unintelligible, if one did not know that six other symphonies had preceded his last effort, and that he wrote it in the full maturity of his powers. Those gifts must be pro- nounced extraordinary in a man who, having during his lifetime

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1573 heard so little of his own instrumental works, succeeded in so masterly a handling of the general body of instruments which con- verse with one another like human voices and chorus. Except in numbers of Beethoven's works, I have nowhere found such an extraordinary and striking resemblance to the organs of the human

voice as in Schubert's ; it is the very reverse of Meyerbeer's method of treating the human voice. The complete independence in which the symphony stands in respect of Beethoven's is another sign of its masculine originality. Let any one observe how wisely and correctly Schubert's genius develops itself. In the consciousness of more modest powers, he avoids all imitation of the grotesque forms, the bold contrasts, we meet with in Beethoven's later works, and gives us a work in the loveliest form, full of the novel in- tricacies of modern treatment, but never deviating too far from the centre point and always returning to it. This must be patent to anyone who often considers this particular symphony. "At the outset, the brilliancy, the novelty, of the instrumenta- tion, the width and breadth of form, the exquisite interchange of

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the Conservatoire in 1873, an<^ n *s successes there proved that Ma- dame Mautet was not mistaken. In 1883, Debussy won the Second Prix de Rome. Though, for a brief time, a resident of Russia, the gypsy music of that country did not affect his compositions. Yet when he served in the army, he delighted in noting down the har- monies of the sound of bugles, and the bells of a neighboring convent. They suggested future master- pieces. Debussy was entirely free of any particular influence. He courted aloofness.

He worked for ten years on his P6ll£as et Meli- sande. It was produced in May, 1903, with Mary Garden as the creator of the part of Melisande. Debussy called her "unforgettable." Before he died (191 8), he destroyed every scrap of his "unfinished" work. Yet he left to the world a legacy of incomparable beauty. * * *

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1675 vivid emotion, the entire new world in which we are landed,—all this is as bewildering as any unusual thing we look upon for the

first time in our lives ; but there ever remains that delicious feeling

which we get from some lovely legend or fairy story ; we feel, above

all, that the composer was master of his subject, and that the mysteries of his music will be made clear to us in time. We derive this impression of certainty from the showy romantic character of the introduction, although all is still wrapped in the deepest mystery. The transition from this to the Allegro is entirely new; the tempo does not seem to vary ; we are landed, we know not how. The analysis of the movements piece by piece is neither a grateful task to ourselves nor others; one would necessarily have to tran- scribe the entire symphony to give the faintest notion of its intense originality throughout. I cannot, however, pass from the second movement which addresses us in such exquisitely moving strains, without a single word. There is one passage in it, that where the horn is calling as though from a distance, that seems to come to us from another sphere. Here everything else listens, as though some heavenly messenger were hovering around the orchestra. "The symphony, then, has had an influence on us such as none since Beethoven's have ever exercised. Artists and amateurs joined in extolling its merits, and I heard some words spoken by the master who had studied the work most elaborately, so as to en-

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1577 sure a grand performance and interpretation of so gorgeous a work—words which I should like to have been able to convey to Schubert, as perhaps conveying to him a message which would have given him the sincerest pleasure. Years perhaps will pass before the work becomes naturalized in Germany; I have no fear of its ever being forgotten or overlooked ; it bears within its bosom the seeds of immortal growth."

A few days after the performance of this symphony at the Gewandhaus, Mendelssohn wrote to the secretary of the Philhar- monic Society in London: "I hope to be able to send you a very extraordinary and excellent symphony by Fr. Schubert, the famous composer, which we performed here at our last concert with great applause. I have written to Vienna to get permission of sending the work to the Society and shall send it immediately if allowed to do so." He forwarded the score three weeks later with a letter in which he stated that the symphony had "created an uncommon sensation in Leipsic." He recommended that certain repetitions in portions of the work should, on account of its great length, be dis- regarded. The Philharmonic Society did not perform the work in the following season. Mendelssohn persisted, and in 1844 when he con- ducted the Society's concerts in London he put the symphony in rehearsal. The orchestra was contemptuous ; it ridiculed the triplet measures in the Finale. Mendelssohn was indignant and withdrew

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1579 the symphony, which was not performed in England until April 5 and 12, 1856, at the Crystal Palace. The first two movements were played on the earlier date; the last two at the later. The first complete performance in Paris was at a concert of the Societe Ste. Cecile, led by Francois Jean Baptiste Seghers on November 23, 1851. Habeneck had attempted to rehearse the sym- phony in 1842 for a Conservatory concert, but the orchestra rebelled. The Symphony was not performed at a concert of the Paris Con- servatory until January 17, 1897, in commemoration of the centen- ary of Schubert's birth.

"The Pleasure-Dome of Kubla Khan" (after the Poem of

S. T. Coleridge), Op. 8 . Charles Tomlinson Griffes

(Born at Elniira, N.Y., on September 17, 1884; died at New York on April 8, 1920)

This symphonic poem, suggested by Coleridge's "Kubla Khan," was composed and revised in 1916. It was performed for the first time by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Mr. Monteux, conductor, on November 28, 1919. The composer was in the audience. There

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1580 I HIS after-dinner coffee set typifies the grace and charm of Georgian design.lt maywell explain why the creations of the silversmiths of that period are the inspirations of many of our most beautiful pieces today. In this particular f service, the utter simplicity o ( line enhanced by a delicately engraved pattern exemplifies the artistry of those earlycrafts- men.AndShrevesilversmrhs have faithfully reproduced every detail of the original.This set,exclusive in Boston at theShreve silver galleries, consists of coffee pot, sugar bowl, cream pitcher and tray. As a gift for a wedding, birthday or anniver- sary, or for your own sideboard, it will be a happy selection.

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was a second performance by this orchestra in Boston on December 31, 1920. Griffes gave the following information for the Programme Book of November 28, 29, 1919 "The instruments called for are 3 flutes (one interchangeable with piccolo), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 3 bas- soons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, bass tuba, kettledrums, bass drum, cymbals, tambourine, tam-tam, celesta, pianoforte, two harps, and strings. "I have taken as a basis for my work those lines of Coleridge's poem describing the 'stately pleasure dome,' the 'sunny pleasure- dome with caves of ice/ the 'miracle of rare device.' Therefore I call the work, 'The Pleasure Dome of Kubla Khan' rather than 'Kubla Khan.' These lines include 1 to 11 and lines 32 to 38. It might be well to quote in the programme book some of the lines—at least the last six." In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure dome decree: Where Alph, the saered river, ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to a sunless sea. So twice five miles of fertile ground With walls and towers were girdled round And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree

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15S3 ; ! —

And here were forests ancient as the hills, Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.

The shadow of the dome of pleasure Floated midway on the waves "Where was heard the mingled measure From the fountain and the caves. It was a miracle of rare device, A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice

"As to argument, I have given my imagination free rein in the description of this strange palace as well as of purely imaginary revelry which might take place there. The vague, foggy beginning suggests the sacred river, running 'through caverns measureless to man down to a sunless sea.' Then gradually rise the outlines of the palace, 'with walls and towers girdled round.' The gardens with fountains and 'sunny spots of greenery' are next suggested. From inside come sounds of dancing and revelry which increase to a wild

climax and then suddenly break off. There is a return to the original " mood suggesting the sacred river and the 'caves of ice.'

Griffes studied the pianoforte with Mary S. Broughton of Elmira. Having been graduated from the Elmira Academy, he went to Berlin, where he studied four years : pianoforte with Ernest Jedliczka and

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1585 Gottfried Galston; composition with Philipp Riifer and Engelbert Humperdinek. He gave private lessons in Berlin. Returning to the United States, he became in 1907 the teacher of music at the Hackley School for Roys at Tarrytown, and he gave private lessons in New York. When he came to Boston for the rehearsal of "Kubla Khan/' he was a sick man. He had overworked. As he could not afford to have the orchestral parts written by a copyist, he made them himself at night and attended to his school duties by day. This labor was largely responsible for his death from pneumonia. It is said that he drew well with pen and ink; that he had "a

talent for water-color landscapes" ; that later in his all too short life he worked in etchings. It was at the Elmira School that he decided

to be a musician ; at first a concert pianist, studying with Humper- dinck, he turned to composition. "His works fall into three distinct periods. First, the student period, when he was definitely under the influence of his German teachers. In his second style he leaned toward the Frenchmen, and also showed his fondness for the Russian Orientalism that was to appear as the mysticism of his later works. . . . The third period

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7 * to hear.'

"Cut is the branch that might have grown full straight, And burned is Apollo's laurel bough."

* * "Clouds" and "The White Peacock," both suggested to Griffes by poems of William Sharp, were performed in Boston at a concert of the Boston Symphony Orchestra on November 3, 1922. The former (1916) was first performed by the Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra on December 19, 1919. The latter (1915) was also played at this con- cert in Philadelphia, as were the "Bacchanale" and "Notturno," but "The White Peacock" had been performed in June, 1919, at the Rivoli Theatre, New York, with stage setting and action. It was performed at the Shubert Theatre in Boston on March 27, 1922, at an entertainment by the Adolph Bolm Intime for the re- building of the Municipal School of Music in Rheims. Enid Brunova mimed the Peacock. The orchestra was led by Carlos Salzedo. *

The list of Griffes's compositions includes : "The Karin of Korid-

* John Tasker Howard in "Our American Music : Three Hundred Years of It" (New York, 1931).

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1588 !

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COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF WORK AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

Mrs. George H. Monks, Chairman Mrs. Edward H. Bradford Mrs. George R. Minot Mrs. C. A. Coolidgb Mrs. I. A. Ratsheskt Mrs. Thomas M. Devlin Mrs. William H. Robet Mrs. Henry Ehrlich Mrs. John Rock Mrs. Reid Hunt Mrs. Soma Weiss Mrs. Charles C. Lund Mrs. Ernest B. Young

Treasurer, Mr. WILLIAM C. ENDICOTT. 71 Ames Building Executive Director, Miss GERTRUDE L. FARMER

1589 B

Operating Deficit estimated fq Subscriptions to date Balance unsubscribed

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FREDERICK P. CABOT JOHN Eft ERNEST B. DANE FREDERLO

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£5 m Symphony Orchestra, Inc.

fcf) E. B. Dane, Treasurer,

1S1 )ston, Mass.

1591 —;

wen," a dance-drama for five wind instruments, celesta, harp, and pianoforte (Neighborhood Playhouse, New York, 1917) ; "Schojo," Japanese mime-play (performed by Michio Itow at A. Bolm's Ballet

Intime Booth Theatre, New York, 1917) ; Poem for flute and orchestra (New York Symphony Society, November 16, 1919

Georges Barrere, flutist) ; a set of orchestral pieces rearranged from pianoforte works; a set of Japanese folk-songs harmonized and provided with an accompaniment for miniature orchestra; Three Songs for soprano and orchestra, Op. 11 (Philadelphia Sym- phony Orchestra with Marcia Van Dresser, March 24, 1919) ; Two Pieces for string quartet (played by the Flonzaley Quartet, season of 1918-19) ; Sonata for pianoforte, Three Tone Images, for voice and pianoforte, Op. 3 ; Two Bondels for voice and pianoforte, Op. 4 Three Tone Pictures for pianoforte, Op. 5; Three Fantasy Pieces for pianoforte, Op. 6; Boman Sketches for pianoforte, Op. 7; "The Pleasure Dome of Kubla Khan" for orchestra, Op. 8; Three Songs,

Op. 9 ; Five Poems of Ancient China and Japan for voice and piano- forte, Op. 10; Salut au Monde (Walt Whitman)*; Festival Dances;

Left unfinished at the death of Griffes. Manuscript deciphered and revised by Edmund Rickett. Produced April 22, 1922, at the Neighborhood Playhouse. Wind in- struments, harps, percussion, and pianoforte conducted by Georges Barr&re. Ian Maclaren read the poem of Walt Whitman. Hunter Sawyer, Sol Friedman, Basante Koomar Roy, Mr. Bakhtiar sang or performed rituals. The Festival Dancers took part.

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1593 : two posthumous songs (poems by John Masefield), "And Old Song Resung" and "Sorrow of Mydath."

* •

The "Poem" for flute and orchestra was played at a concert of the Boston Musical Association, March 24, 1920 (Marion Jordan, flute; Georges Longy conductor). Notes about other performances of Griffes's music in Boston Music for Mr. Itow's Japanese Dances, December 7, 1917, at the third of the entertainments given by Roshanara, Mr. Itow, Miss Lin- dahl, Mr. Rector, and others at the Wilbur Theatre. Rosalie Miller sang one of his Rondels on January 9, 1918. His "Lake at Evening," and Scherzo, Op. 6, No. 3, were played by Mr. Gebhard, December

10, 1918 ; his "The Fountain of the Aqua Paola" and "Nightfall" by Winifred Christie, February 7, 1919; a Fantasy Piece by Rudolph

Reuter, February 15, 1919 ; "The Fountain of the Aqua Paola," by Mr. Reuter January 24, 1920. "The White Peacock" has also been performed as a piano piece. There have been later performances of the piano pieces. Songs: "So-fei gathering Flowers" (poem by Wang Chang-Ling)

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1594 and "The Old Temple among the Mountains," sung at a Dramatic Recital of the New England Conservatory of Music, by Minerva Blanchard, December 12 and 13, 1919; Three Indian Songs from

"The Garden of Kama," sung by Theo Karle, April 1, 1920; Two Songs sung by Eva Gauthier at a Cecilia concert, April 22, 1920; "Waikiki," sung by Eva Gauthier, December 8, 1920.

* *

A few remarks concerning the revised edition of Griffes' "The Pleasure- Dome of Kubla Khan" might be both welcome and appropriate. I performed this work in Chicago in January, 1920. In the autumn of that

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1595 :

year, I had an opportunity of meeting Mr. Griffes* during a festival of chamber music, at Pittsfield, Mass., when I suggested to him that the scoring of his work, in some places, could be improved upon. This he readily admitted, and we arranged to meet again in order to go over the score together. The results of this very careful scrutiny are faithfully embodied in this revised version. Nothing has been added that would not have been sanctioned by the composer. I have no doubt that with these changes and amplifications the orchestration will "sound" more readily, and present this very fine work to its very best advantage. I hope that in the improved form it will soon become one of the most useful compositions in the regular working repertory of every Symphony Orchestra, in this country as well as abroad. Frederick A. Stock.

"The Rio Grande," Poem by Sachiwerell Sitwell, set for Chorus.

Orchestra, and Solo Pianoforte . . Constant Lambert

(Born at London, England, on August 23, 1905; living in London)

The first performance was at Manchester, England, by the Halle Orchestra and Choir on December 12, 1929. "The Rio Grande" was performed for the first time in Queen's Hall, London, on December 13, 1929. The chorus was composed of thirty-two members of the Halle Chorus, Manchester; the solo pianoforte part was played by

*But Griffes died in April, 1920. Should not "that year" read "1919" ?—P. H.

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1597 "

there Sir Hamilton Harty, conductor of the Halle" Orchestra ; was a small orchestra of strings, brass, and percussion instruments. Lambert conducted. The first public performance in the United States was on Jan- uary 29, 1931^ at a concert of the Schola Cantorum, in Carnegie Hall, New York. The short alto solo at the end was sung by Genevieve Reynolds. The pianoforte part was played by Colin McPhee. Hugh Ross conducted. The score calls for strings, two trumpets in C, two cornets-a- pistons in A, three trombones, one bass tuba, a set of three kettle- drums, side drum (with wire brush), tenor drum, bass drum, cym- bals, Turkish crash,* tam-tam, tambourine, castanets, triangle, Chinese tom-tom, small cow-bell without clapper, Chinese block, xylophone, glockenspiel. The composer requires five players for the percussion instruments. The score is dedicated to Angus Morrison, who at later perform- ances of the work played the pianoforte part, as at the Promenade concert, London, on September 4, 1930.

* * One large suspended cymbal.

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1599 ; ; ; ;

SitwelFs poem is reprinted in the score by the "kind permission of Gerald Duckworth & Co." The score is published by the Oxford University Press. There is a German version of the poem made by Beryl de Zoete.

By the Rio Grande They dance no sarabande On level banks like lawns above the glassy, lolling tide Nor sing they forlorn madrigals Whose sad note stirs the sleeping gales Till they wake among the trees and shake the boughs, And fright the nightingales But they dance in the city, down the public squares, On the marble pavers with each color laid in shares, At the open church doors loud with light within, At the bell's huge tolling, By the river music, gurgling, thin Through the soft Brazilian air. The Oommendador and Alguacil are there On horseback, hid with feathers, loud and shrill Blowing orders on their trumpets like a bird's sharp bill Through boughs, like a bitter wind, calling They shine like steady starlight while those other sparks are falling In burnished armor, with their plumes of fire, Tireless while all others tire. The noisy streets are empty and hushed is the town To where, in the square, they dance and the band is playing Such a space of silence through the town to the river That the water murmurs loud Above the band and crowd together And the strains of the sarabande, More lively than a madrigal, Go hand in hand Like the river and its waterfall As the great Rio Grande rolls down to the sea. Loud is the marimba's note Above these half-salt waves,

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1600 And louder still the tympanon, The plectrum, and the kettledrum, Sullen and menacing Do these brazen voices ring. They ride outside, Above the salt-sea's tide, Till the ships at anchore there Hear this enchantment Of the soft Brazilian air, By those Southern winds wafted, Slow and gentle, Their fierceness tempered By the air that flows between.

When "The Rio Grande" was first played in London, a pro- gramme note by Hubert Foss for this "atmospheric picture of the

Rio Grande" made this statement : "The words are used as a back- ground of atmosphere. They are something for the chorus to sing in the musical part it plays in the work. They are even subjected sometimes to word painting. Their picture is the picture the music gives: that is their whole connection, a very close one, with the music."

Lambert's grandfather established the first locomotive factory in

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1601 Leningrad) the Kussia; his son grew up in St. Petersburg (now ; family emigrated to Australia. Constant's father George won a New South Wales scholarship by a life-size portrait and went to Paris for further study. The eldest son, Maurice, is a sculptor. Constant, at the age of eleven, underwent a series of operations from which it took him two years to recover. He was interested in engineering; he won a gold medal at the age of sixteen; but he entered the Royal College of Music, where he studied composition with Vaughan Williams and R. O. Morris ; conducting with Adrian Boult and Malcolm Sargent. His chief works are as follows: Ballet: "Romeo and Juliet," produced at Monte Carlo, May 4, 1926: Romeo, Lifar; Juliet, Mme. Karsavina; the Nurse, Mme. Sokolova; Peter, Woizikovsky; the Master rehearsing Tybalt, Thadee Slavinsky; Paris, Tcherkas. Mme. Nijinska arranged the choreography; Scobito conducted. The ballet was afterwards per- formed in London and Paris. Ballet: "Pomona," first produced at Buenos Aires, by Mme.

Nijinska's dancers, in 1928 or 1929 ; at London on October 19, 1930, when the chief dancers were Anna Ludmilla and Anton Dolin. Music for Orchestra: broadcast in London, July 28, 1929; per- formed for the first time in concert on August 29, 1929. Also for the Stage: "Prize Fight," 1923; 1925 for Music Hall

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1602 —

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Nijinska" ; Overture for "Bird" Actors (Sacheverell Sitwell). Music for "Dover Street to Dixie"; "Blackbirds." Dances arranged from Dowland's music. Dances, on a Scotch theme, music by Boyce (danced by Mme. Lopokova in London in December, 1930). Miscellaneous: Piano Sonata (March, 1930, played by Angus

Morrison) ; "Elegiac Blues," in memory of Florence Mills; "White Nightingale" (S. Sitwell), for voice, flute, and harp; "Queen of Chenias's Daughter," for voice and xylophone; symphonic poem, "Argonaut and Juggernaut". Seven Poems by Li-Po: A Summer Day, Nocturne, With a Man of Leisure, The Ruin of the Ku-Su Palace, The Long-Departed Lover, The Intruder, On the City Street: for medium voice, flute, oboe, clarinet, string quartet, and double bass. Shigeyoshi Obata, translator ; the score dedicated to Miss Anna May Wong.

Mr. Lambert has edited the symphonies of William Boyce. He conducts for the Camargo Society, London, whose object, 1930-31, is the production of . He conducted a festival of British music at Bad Homburg, July 15, 16, 17, 1930. This festival was devoted chiefly to orchestral and chamber music by contemporary composers.

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1603 Suite derived from the Danced Story, "The Fire-Bird" Igor Fedorovitch Stravinsky

(Born at Oranienbaum near Leningrad on June 5, 1882; living at Nice)

In the summer of 1909 Diaghilev asked Stravinsky to write a bal- let founded on the old Russian legend of the Fire-Bird. The score was ready in May, 1910. The scenario was the work of Fokine. The first performance of the "Oiseau de Feu" a "Conte dansS" in two scenes, was at the Paris Opera on June 25, 1910. The Fire-Bird, ; The Beautiful Tsarevna, Mme. Fokina; Ivan

Tsarevitch, Fokine ; Katschei, Boulgakov. Gabriel Pierne conducted. The stage settings were by Golovine and Bakst. Balakirev had sketched an opera in which the Fire-Bird was the central figure, but nothing came of it. Katschei (or Kotsche'i) is the hero of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera "Katscheii the Immortal: an Autumn Legend," produced at the Private Opera, Moscow, in 1902. He also figures as "the man-skeleton" in Rimsky-Korsakov's "Mlada,"* a fairy opera-ballet (Leningrad, 1893) and, by implication, in Mous- sorgsky's symphonic poem, "A Night on Bald Mountain."! Mr. Montagu-Nathan says in his sketch of Stravinsky—"Contem- porary Russian Composers": "In identifying the literary basis of 'The Fire-Bird' with that of Korsakoff's 'Katschei,' it should be pointed out that the latter work is but a pastiche of episodes derived from legendary lore, with the monster as a central figure. In Stravinsky's ballet, the ogre is an accessory character, so far as concerns the dramatic action, but his presence in the scheme is nevertheless vital to it."

The third act "Night on the Mount Triglav," arranged for concert use, was played in Boston by the Boston Symphony Orchestra on December 23, 1921. tThis symphonic poem was produced in Boston by the Orchestral Club, Mr. Longy con- ductor, on January 4, 1905.

1604 Fokine's scenario may thus be described : After a short prelude, the curtain rises and the grounds of an old castle are seen. Ivan Tsarevitch, the hero of many tales, in the course of hunting at night, comes to the enchanted garden and sees a beautiful bird with flaming golden plumage. She attempts to pluck fruit of gold from a silver tree. He captures her, but, heeding her entreaties, frees her. In gratitude, she gives him one of her feathers which has magic prop- erties. The dawn breaks. Thirteen enchanted princesses appear, com- ing from the castle. Ivan, hidden, watches them playing with golden apples, and dancing. Fascinated by them, he finally discloses himself. They tell him that the castle belongs to the terrible Katschei, who turns decoyed travellers into stone. The princesses warn Ivan of his fate, but he resolves to enter the castle. Opening the gate, he sees Katschei with his train of grotesque and deformed subjects marching towards him in pompous procession. Katschei attempts to work his spell on Ivan, who is protected by the feather. Ivan summons the Fire-Bird, who causes Katschei and his retinue to dance until they drop exhausted. The secret of Katschei's immor- tality is disclosed to Ivan : the sorcerer keeps an egg in a casket ; if

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1605 this egg should be broken or even injured, he would die. Ivan swings the egg backwards and forwards. Katschei and his crew sway with it. At last the egg is dashed to the ground ; Katschei dies ; his palace vanishes; the petrified knights come to life; and Ivan re- ceives, amid great rejoicing, the hand of the beautiful princess. * * •

According to Ralston's "Kussian Folk Tales," Katschei is one of the many incarnations of the Dark Spirit. "Sometimes he is de- scribed as altogether serpent-like in form; sometimes he seems to be of a mixed nature, partly human and partly ophidian, but in some stories he is apparently framed after the fashion of a man ... he is called 'immortal' or 'deathless' because of his superiority to the ordinary laws of existence. . . . Sometimes his 'death'—that is, the object with which his life is indissolubly connected—does not exist within his body." The same author says that the Fire-Bird is known in its native haunts as the Zhar-Ptitsa. Its name indicates its close connection with flame or light. Zhar means 'glowing heart' as of a furnace"; Zhcvr-Ptitsa means literally "the Glow-Bird"; "its appearance cor- responds with its designation. Its feathers blaze with golden or silvery sheen, its eyes shine like crystal, it dwells in a golden cage. In the depth of night, it flies into a garden and lights it up as brilliantly as could a thousand burning fires. A single feather from

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1606 its tail illuminates a dark room. It feeds upon golden apples, which have the power of bestowing youth and beauty—or, according to a Croatian version, on magic grasses."

I. Introduction. Enchanted Garden of Katschei, and the dance of the Fire-Bird. II. Entreaties of the Fire-Bird. III. The Princesses playing with the Golden Apples. Ilia. Berceuse. (This was not in the Suite as first published.) IV. Dance (Konde) of the Princesses. V. Infernal Dance of Katschei's subjects. No movement of the Suite depends for its musical effect on the stage setting or a dramatic situation. The score calls for piccolo, 3 flutes (one interchangeable with a second piccolo), 3 oboes, English horn, 3 clarinets in A (one inter- changeable with a small clarinet in D), bass clarinet, 3 bassoons (one interchangeable with a second double-bassoon), double bas- soon, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, bass tuba, kettledrums, bass drum, cym- bals, triangle, bells, tambourine, xylophone, celesta, pianoforte, 3 harps, 16 first violins, 16 second violins, 14 violas, 8 violoncellos, 6 double-basses.

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Mr. Montagu-Nathan says of this ballet music that the orchestra supplies the usual musical commentary upon the dramatic action, and on occasion takes upon itself a function which renders it some- thing more than an accessory. "The music describes with an exn traordinary wealth of suggestion the various weird figures of the drama, and is of a nature never allowing us to forget that it is fantasy and not life that we are witnessing. The flight of the Fire- Bird, its dance, and its vain resistance are rendered in music whose primary purpose is the description of movement and not descriptive- ness itself, while the quarry's pleading is brought to our ears through a veil of make-believe; her supplication is in accents that suggest the conventional posturing of the ballerina and not of a real bird ensnared. Throughout the ballet the music serves as a prepara- tion, by means of the ear, for what the eye is to witness. Even the graceful nocturnal dance of the captive maidens has a note that suggests the dominion of their villainous jailer, and the episodic theme of their play with the apples is that which later heralds their liberation through the good graces of the Fire-Bird. Ere the delight- ful melody of the Rhorovode* has died away, we are aware that we shall soon have something less dainty to contemplate, and, with the approach of the monster and his awful satellites, it is clear that another musical picture is to be added to the gallery inaugurated by Glinka with his march of Chernomov in 'Russian and Ludmilla.' The first performance of this ballet in the United States was by Serge Diaghilev's Ballet Russe Company at the Century Theatre, New York, January 17, 1916. The ballet was chosen for the opening of the season. The dancers were Mile. Xenia Maclezova,f The Fire- Bird; Mme. Labow Tchernicheva, La Belle Tsarevna; L. Massine, Ivan Tsarevitch; Cecchetti, Katschei. Ernest Ansermet conducted. The same dancers were seen at the Boston Opera House in "The Fire-Bird" on January 31, 1916.

*The lullaby that rocks the Tsarevna into "a sleep that will protect her from Katschei." tShe quarrelled in Boston with the management, and was replaced on February 2, 1916, by Lydia Lopokova.

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1608 ;

The Suite was performed in New York, by the New York Sym- phony Society on December 31, 1916 ; in Philadelphia, by the Phila- delphia Symphony Orchestra on November 2, 1917 ; in Boston, by the Boston Symphony Orchestra for the first time on October 31, 1919 (Mr. Monteux conductor). When the Suite was conducted in Boston by Dr. Koussevitzky (January 23, 24, 1925), the programme also comprised these pieces by Stravinsky: Song of the Volga Boatman (arranged for wind in- struments and percussion) ; Suite from "Petrouchka" ; and Concerto for piano and wind instruments with double basses ( Mr. Stravinsky, pianist; first performance of the Concerto in America). Stravinsky in 1919 rescored this Suite to make it more available for an orchestra of ordinary size: two flutes, two oboes, English horn, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, bass tuba, kettledrums, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, xylophone, harp, piano, and strings. He also rearranged and added from material in the original bal- let. He retained from the first suite the Introduction, the "Dance of the Fire-Bird," the "Dance of the Princesses," and "Katschefs Infernal Dance," but omitted "The Enchanted Garden," "The Sup- plications of the Fire-Bird," and "The Princesses Playing with the Golden Apples." He added two numbers from the ballet: the Berceuse and the Finale. The revised suite, published in 1920, was played in Philadelphia by the Philadelphia Orchestra on October 17, 1924. At the performance in Boston by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Dr. Koussevitzky, conductor, on December 10, 1926, the programme read:

a. Introduction ; Katschei's Enchanted Garden and Dance of the Fire-Bird

6. Supplication of the Fire-Bird ; c. The Princesses Play with the Golden

Apples ; d. Dance of the Princesses ; e. Infernal Dance of all the Subjects of and Finale. Katschei ; /. Berceuse

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1610 ANNOUNCEMENT A NEW BOOK—

BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA: I88I.1931" By M. A. De WOLFE HOWE

SemUCentennial Edition

It is seventeen years since M. A. De Wolfe Howe's history of the Boston Symphony Orchestra was published. The Fiftieth season of the Orches- tra has seemed a fitting time to re-publish this prized narrative of its earlier days, and likewise to record, in additional chapters, the last years of Dr, Muck's conductorship, and those of Henri Eabaud, , and Dr. Serge Koussevitzky. New appendices will include a complete list of the music played at the regular concerts, giving the dates of performances. The soloists and the personnel through fifty years are also recorded, and the address on Henry Lee Higginson made by Bliss Perry at the Bach Festival, March 25, 1931.

The Semi-Centennial Edition of "The Boston Symphony Orchestra" will be issued at a retail price of $2.50. A re- duction will be made, however, to patrons of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Upon receipt of a mail order for $1.50, the book will be sent to you, postpaid, immediately on its publication, the latter part of this month.

Address—W. H. BRENNAN, Symphony Hall, Boston

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1612 FIFTIETH SEASON, NINETEEN HUNDRED THIRTY AND THIRTY-ONE

FRIDAY AFTERNOON, MAY 1, at 2.30 o'clock

SATURDAY EVENING, MAY 2, at 8.15 o'clock

Wagner Prelude to "The Mastersingers of Nuremberg"

Debussy "Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (Eclogue by S. Mallarme)"

Strauss "Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks, after the Old-fashioned, Roguish Manner," in Rondo Form, Op. 28

Beethoven Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67

I. Allegro con brio. II. Andante con moto. III. Allegro; Trio. IV. Allegro.

There will be an intermission before the symphony

A lecture on this programme will be given on Thursday, April 30, at 5.15 o'clock in the Lecture Hall, Boston Public Library

The works to be played at these concerts may be seen in the Allen A. Brown Music Collection of the Boston Public Library one week before the concert

1613 SYMPHONY HALL SEASON 1931-1932 TWO CONCERT COURSES

c^ive Sunday c oAfttternoons o>%t 3.30 Svenings c5%t 8.30 Oct. 25 Nov. 22 Nov. 10 Jan. 9 Jan. 3 Mar. 13 Apr. 3 Feb. 16 Mar. i Apr. 12

ROSA LILY PONSELLE PONS Soprano Soprano

YEHUDI LA MENUHIN ARGENTINA Violin Spanish Dancer

LAWRENCE ROLAND TIBBETT HAYES Baritone Tenor

JESUS MARIA WALTER SANROMA GIESEKING Piano Piano

The DON LONDON SINGERS COSSACKS WITH SERGE JAROFF, Leader JOHN GOSS

Season Tickets for each Series, #5, #7.50, #10, #12.50

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1614