THE 20th JULY 2017 (22:31 UTC) BODRUM-KOS EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI; THE RESULTS OF FIELD SURVEYS AND NUMERICAL MODELING International Conference on the Recent Tsunami Events in the Aegean Sea 12-13 December 2017 – ISPRA, JRC The distribution of earthquake epicenters since 1900 Distribution of the undersea fault zones and other probable tsunamigenic sea bottom deformations EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY BETWEEN 20th JULY 2017 01:31 - 21ST AUGUST 2017 03:00 (8403 EVENTS) (KOERI) Fault mechanisms of main Earthquake Intensity Map shock and aftershocks by KOERI produced by ELER (KOERI) Bodrum Peninsula Bodrum and its Gokova Bay vicinity Aegean Sea Bodrum Gumbet Bay Karaada (Black Island) Kos Island Tsunami measurement at Bodrum tide-gauge station from UNESCO-IOC Location map showing the distribution of the observations of the tsunami waves; obtained from locals, from debris or traces identified Summary of Results of Bodrum Tsunami Survey List of the surveyed places local people inquired to describe the effects of the tsunami Place Region Lon. E Lat. N Locals inquired Tsunami Wave Measurement Receding 1 Turgutreis D- Turgutreis 27.257491 37.001613 Chief of the marina No major wave Marin oscillation 2 Olivia Fener Beach, 27.264562 36.964772 Restaurant manager No major wave Restaurant Akyarlar oscillation 3 Kilavuz Motel Akyarlar Bay 27.29093 36.967359 Fishermen and 1.2m Beach summerhouse residents 4 Balmahmut’s Karaincir 27.300496 36.972961 Restaurant manager 1.4m ≈-1.2m Place 5 Aspat Beach Aspat Bay 27.312356 36.979592 Beach workers 1.0m 6 Camel Beach Kargi Bay 27.330562 37.013582 Beach and 0.5m ≈-1.2m restaurant workers 7 Bitez Beach Bitez Bay 27.383582 37.025615 Beach and 0.5m restaurant workers 8 Municipality Gumbet Bay 27.405322 37.030868 Fishermen, visitors 0.56m (MC) Café (MC) and and other locals 1.9m (RS) River Stream (RS) 9 Bodrum Marina Bodrum Center 27.424827 37.035808 Marina workers and 1.0-1.2m ≈-1.7m visitors 10 Yali Café Yaliciftlik 27.527908 36.992786 Café workers No major wave oscillation 11 Turgut Reis Turgut Reis 27.256357 37.005985 Fisherman 0.6m ≈-1.0m Fishery Harbor Place Region Lon. E Lat. N Locals inquired Tsunami Wave Measurement Receding 12 Small Beach Turgut Reis 27.256784 36.982089 Beach bar workers No major wave Hotel oscillation 13 Meteor Beach Dogu Beach 27.278796 36.966191 Beach workers 0.9m 14 Xanadu Island Akyarlar 27.286211 36.960685 Hotel manager and 0.5m Hotel Peninsula Tip several beach workers 15 La Brezza Beach Western 27.300179 36.969923 Beach Café manager 1.2m Karaincir Bay 16 Meteor – 2 Eastern Karaincir 27.300932 36.973495 Beach Café manager 1.4m Beach Bay and workers 17 Tek Sitesi Eastern Karaincir 27.304098 36.975839 Summerhouse 0.8m-1.0m ≈-1.5m Bay residents 18 Bitez Mor Beach Western Bitez 27.372414 37.023757 Beach Café workers - Bay 19 Western Bitez Western Bitez 27.372940 37.026947 Beach Café workers 0.9m ≈-1.5m Beach Bay 20 Eastern Bitez Eastern Bitez Bay 27.384460 37.024770 Beach Café workers 0.5m ≈-1.5m Beach 21 Nagi Beach Gumbet Bay 27.403552 37.031463 Beach workers 1.15m 22 Cesar Beach Gumbet Bay Hotel general - ≈-1.3m Hotel manager 23 Voyage Hotel Bodrum Marina 27.416967 37.027506 Hotel manager and 1.0m ≈-1.7m Bodrum Region workers 24 Kucukpoyraz Karaada (Black 27.461422 36.966323 Visual observation 1.5m-2.0m Island) 25 AkyakaTHE Beach 20th JULYAkyaka 2017 (22:31 UTC) BODRUM28.324425-KOS EARTHQUAKE37.050832 AND WorkersTSUNAMI; of PRELIMINARY cafes and 0.6mRESULTS OF FIELD SURVEY≈-1.0m AND and River NUMERICAL MODELINGfisheries cooperative Branch August 21-23, 2017 - Bali Gumbet Bay - The most hit area in Bodrum Peninsula - Waves receded 5min after the earthquake dry stream bed - First wave arrived 12-13 minutes after the earthquake - The maximum run-up height in the stream 1.9m - The maximum inundation in the stream 100m Tsunami damage in Gumbet dry strea m bed Bitez Bay - Next western bay of Gumbet in Bodrum Peninsula - No major tsunami damage - Flow depth 0.5m and no strong current - Western part of the bay: - Sea inundation around 250m along the stream Eastern part of the bay: - The run-up height: 0.9m - No observed/reported boat damage - small wave oscillations with 11m inundation Tsunami effect in Karaincir Bay - The maximum run-up height 1.4 – 1.6 m - 150 m inundation distance along the stream bed stream bed Tsunami effect in Karaincir Bay Tsunami effect in Karaada At south coast of island (facing to epicenter) at Kucuk Poyraz bay Small gravels in the spaces on the rocks of the beach which are thought to be washed by the tsunami waves (Elevation: approximately 2m) Bodrum Gokova Bay Tsunami inundation and Maximum inundation distance 18m penetration in Akyaka Village Inundated beach NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Tsunami Source Scenarios and Water Level Distributions Elliptical Subsidence Assumption by Prof. A. C. Yalciner Preliminary Deformation model obtained by NAMI- DANCE from USGS by Dr. A. Annunziato (JRC-European Commission) NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Tsunami Source Scenarios and Water Level Distributions Preliminary Deformation model obtained by SWAN by Dr. A. Annunziato Preliminary Deformation model obtained by Prof. Tuncay Taymaz fault model NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Time histories of water surface elevations at Gumbet Bay and Bitez Bay NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Time histories of water surface elevations at Karaincir Bay and Karaada NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Tsunami Source Scenarios and Water Level Histories FFM by NOA D N I O P R P T I H N G D S I O P U P T I H N G NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Time histories of water surface elevations at Gumbet Bay and Bitez Bay NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE TSUNAMI Karaada ve Karaincir Koyundaki zamana bağlı su seviyesi değişimleri Tsunami Early Warning in NEAM Region for 20th July 2017 Bodrum-Kos Earthquake • All of four Tsunami Service Providers have disseminated tsunami alert messages for 20th July Bodrum-Kos Earthquake within 10 to 20 minutes after the earthquake. • First messages were in WATCH alert level which were followed by ONGOING messages due to the tsunami observations in Bodrum and Plimiri tide-gauge stations. • Tsunami END messages have been disseminated within 3 to 4,5 hours after the earthquake. Discussion and Conclusion • The 20 July 2017 Bodrum/Kos earthquake and tsunami was quite a strong event that caused damage to southern coast of Bodrum Peninsula. • Gumbet Bay is the most hit and damaged region with more than 1m of flow depth and the inundation distance reached up to 60m at some places. • Tsunami penetration is much higher wherever any streambeds exist in the bays such as in Karaincir, Bitez and Gumbet Bays. The maximum inundation distance reaches up to 250m along the stream. • According to the preliminary elevation measurements performed by topographical engineering division of Bodrum Municipality, the maximum run-up was determined as 1.9m in Gumbet Bay. • Similarities between the layout and boat parking locations of Bitez bay and Gumbet bay but significant different tsunami behavior in these two bays. While significant inundation, strong whirlpools, currents and consecutive damaging motions occur, dragged all small crafts, damaged about 30 boats, and caused sinking 10 boats in Gumbet bay, there was no dragging and damaging of the boats in Bitez bay. Discussion and Conclusion • Fener Beach seems the most probable boundary of significant inundation at the western end • Yaliciftlik Bay is the most probable boundary at the eastern end • Karaada island located in between Bodrum and Kos acted as a tsunami breakwater and protected Bodrum town. • There may be higher runup at some other small narrow bays at South of Karaada where the survey could not be performed at those critical bays facing to Epicenter location. • For Kos Island part; Most of the damage from the tsunami occurred in the port where a wave height of about 1.5 m has been detected. • In many other locations along the Kos island signs of tsunami were measured with heights ranging between 0.5 and 0.8 m. • The earthquake also damaged several sections of the port, old and historical buildings and some private buildings: detailed inspections are under way. Acknowledgement • Bodrum and Datca branches of Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers (TCCE) • Bodrum Municipality • EC project Assessment, Strategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe - FP7-ENV2013 6.4- 3, Grant 603839 (ASTARTE) • EC DG ECHO funded ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26-"Probabilistic Tsunami hazard maps for the NEAM Region" (TSUMAPS-NEAM) • Japan–Turkey Joint Research Project by JICA on earthquakes and tsunamis in Marmara Region (MarDiM) SATREPS • Erasmus+ program EC Turkish National Agency funded Contract number 2015-3-TR01-KA205- 024506, Training Of Youth for Preparedness Against Marine Induced Hazards, (TROYO) • TUBITAK 113M556, TUBITAK 108Y227 Projects and UDAP-Ç-12-14 project granted by Disaster Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey (AFAD) • METU Faculty of Engineering • DOLFEN Engineering, Consultancy Company • Oya Butik Hotel in Bodrum • KOERI-Regional Earthquake-Tsunami Monitoring Center (RETMC) • Department of Earthquake Engineering from KOERI • Underwater Research Society Turkey, • Philip England, Chiara Projetti, Ocal Necmioglu, Naeimeh Sharghivand, Emrecan Isik, Duygu Tufekci, Ghazal Khodkar, Can Goztepe, Bora Yalciner, Andrey Zaytsev, Marinos Charalampakis, Şükrü Ersoy, and Tuncay Taymaz THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION.