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Downloads/Early Marriage Eng.Pdf Distribution Agreement In presenting this thesis or dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, including display on the world wide web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this thesis or dissertation. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis or dissertation. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. Signature: _______________________________ _______________ Irem A. Ebeturk Date Constructing Global Social Problems: The Case of Child, Early, and Forced Marriage By Irem A. Ebeturk Doctor of Philosophy Sociology _____________________________________________ John Boli, PhD Advisor ____________________________________________ Frank Lechner, PhD Co-advisor _____________________________________________ Irene Browne, PhD Committee Member ____________________________________________ Wesley Longhofer, PhD Committee Member Accepted: _____________________________________________ Lisa A. Tedesco, PhD Dean of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies _______________________ Date Constructing Global Social Problems: The Case of Child, Early, and Forced Marriage By Irem A. Ebeturk BA, Middle East Technical University, 2005 MA, Middle East Technical University, 2008 Advisor: John Boli, PhD An abstract of A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology 2017 Abstract Constructing Global Social Problems: The Case of Child, Early, and Forced Marriage By Irem A. Ebeturk Child marriage, commonly defined as the marriage of children under the age 18, became an issue of concern over the past several decades. Today, the majority of countries have laws setting the minimum age of marriage at 18 years old. What explains this global legislative shift that started haltingly in the 1960s and 1970s and intensified greatly in the 1990s? This is one of the major research questions addressed in this dissertation. In addition to this global legislative trend, starting in the late 1990s, child marriage became a focus of concern for many international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and multilateral organizations. How did child marriage come to be defined as a major global problem? This is the second major question examined in the dissertation. I address these questions through a mixed methods study. In the first section, I utilize qualitative methods such as interviews and document analysis to examine global cultural scripts that constitute the discourse against child marriage. Second, I conduct quantitative analyses of factors influencing legislation setting the minimum age of marriage at 18. I analyze time-series data for 167 countries from 1965 to 2015. By means of survival analysis techniques, I examine factors that help explain which countries were early adopters of legislation. By using logistic regression, I analyze factors that help explain whether or not a country ever adopted a minimum-18 marriage law in the 50 years of my analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative findings indicate that world cultural scripts are crucial for understanding the global fight against child marriage, in terms of both legislative reforms and the international movement. Country characteristics matter comparatively little; it is largely the global system that has shaped the process. Constructing Global Social Problems: The Case of Child, Early, and Forced Marriage By Irem A. Ebeturk BA, Middle East Technical University, 2005 MA, Middle East Technical University, 2008 Advisor: John Boli, PhD A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology 2017 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the help, guidance, and encouragement of many people. First and foremost, I am incredibly lucky to have had an advisor like John Boli. From the first time I met him in 2010 while applying to Emory Sociology, he has been a source of inspiration for me as both a scholar and a person. Thank you, John, for showing the world how to be brilliant and humble at the same time! The way you teach, mentor, theorize, and formulate questions will always guide me. I am grateful to my wonderful committee. Dr. Lechner, your feedback was also very helpful and informative. Thank you for being a part of my Emory journey. Dr. Browne, you supported me at a time when I was struggling the most. I will always remember your guidance. Dr. Longhofer, thank you for your help with accessing data and being a role model as a young world polity scholar. As one of the most recent members of the world polity scholarly community, I was most fortunate with regard to gaining access to data. Two previous Emory sociology PhDs, Fikrejesus Amahazion and Matt Matthias, helped me tremendously with their excellent work and by sharing their data. I will forever be indebted to them. Other world polity people, whom I have not yet met in person, were also always ready to help: thank you Elizabeth Boyle, Minzee Kim, and David Frank. My friends from Emory sociology were always there with support and words of encouragement. I want to thank my friends Jared Bok, Kate Cartwright, and Anne Kronberg. Natalie Deckard and Oliver Cowart, you are my partners in crime. Oliver, I will miss our late-night text messages full of anxiety. Natalie, I will miss your energy. To my friends with whom I shared the joys of pursuing a PhD away from home, you helped me find the courage to continue: I thank Anlam Filiz, Gulcin Con, Irmak Karademir- Hazir, Esra Ari, Senem Guler Biyikli, and Emre Biyikli for sharing all the craziness. I was so lucky to find people to build a home away from home in both Athens and Atlanta. Elif Karsli and Nastassja Pugliese became a part of our family, not just neighbors; Gorkem Aksaray has been a great friend who answered my statistics questions with great patience; Hikmet Unlu always helped my keep sanity in hard times. I am also so happy that I got to know Defne Over and Ceyhun Eksin in our last year in Atlanta. I also want to thank the Department of Sociology at Middle East Technical University (METU) for sparking my interest in scholarly research and the “life of the mind.” I particularly thank Sabine Strasser for introducing me to my dissertation research topic. Sabine, this dissertation would not exist without our summer research projects. I also thank all my friends from METU for our long conversations. I particularly thank İlhan Zeynep for always being there for me during every phase of the project. I thank my mom, dad, and brother, and all the other members of the Tuncer, Atalan, and Ebeturk families. In the darkest moments of writing, I relaxed by thinking about long evening conversations with raki and music around a crowded table with you. I particularly thank our mothers for their selfless help and support. People congratulate us for finishing two dissertations while raising a kid. The truth is it would have been impossible without their help in caring for Deniz. Emre, my love, after two PhDs, one kid, several houses, and three continents, my love and admiration for you just keeps growing. You are in every page of this dissertation with the best of questions, comments, and edits. We passed through the craziest of times and I’m looking forward to the next chapter with you. Finally, my son Deniz, you are the greatest source of joy, happiness, laughter, and excitement in my life. I particularly thank you for the long nursing sessions during which I finished reviewing the literature and for being a source of discipline as you left me no time to procrastinate. I love you. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One.....................................................................................................................1 Introduction Chapter Two....................................................................................................................10 Emergence of Child Marriage as a Global Issue Chapter Three.................................................................................................................38 Globalized Conceptions of “Adolescent Girls” and “Child Marriage”: Findings from the Interviews and the Content Analysis Chapter Four....................................................................................................................77 Child Marriage Between the Instrumental and the Moral: Interpretation of the Findings Chapter Five...................................................................................................................109 Child Marriage in National Legislation: Theoretical Background and Working Hypotheses Chapter Six.....................................................................................................................139 Data and Methods Chapter Seven................................................................................................................169 Explaining the Global Spread of Minimum-18 Marriage Laws: Quantitative Findings Chapter Eight................................................................................................................211
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