Il FLORIDANTE Tra L'amadigi E Il RINALDO

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Il FLORIDANTE Tra L'amadigi E Il RINALDO I Università di Pisa a.a. 2005-2007 TESI DI DOTTORATO IN LETTERATURA ITALIANA Il FLORIDANTE tra l’ AMADIGI e il RINALDO L’epilogo del Tasso, l’esordio del Tassino CANDIDATO ROSANNA SIMONA MORACE RELATORE PROF . PIERO FLORIANI IL PRESIDENTE PROF . M.C. CABANI CORELATORE PROF . SERGIO ZATTI II Alle mie stelle in cielo (Mikie compresa), ai miei angeli custodi in terra (Galatina compresa). Ringrazio con molto affetto il Prof. Piero Floriani per la disponibilità, la gentilezza e l’onestà con la quale mi ha seguito, da maestro, in tutti questi anni. Un altro sentito gra- zie va al Prof. Livio Petrucci, per i preziosi consigli ed il tempo dedicatomi nonostante non fosse tra i tutori del mio percorso. Un caldo abbraccio, poi, per il Prof. Carlo Alber- to Madrignani, che con la sua divertente saggezza è stato per me come un nonno; ed al Prof. Giancarlo Bertoncini, discreto, silenzioso, ma altrettanto vicino ed umanamente disponibile. Ancora un grazie al mio papà, che pur da lontano mi è stato sempre vicino. III VOL . I Il FLORIDANTE tra l’AMADIGI e il RINALDO L’epilogo del Tasso, l’esordio del Tassino I) TRA VENEZIA E MANTOVA (1558-1569) pp. 1-44 L’epilogo del Tasso; l’esordio del Tassino. II ) TRA EPICA E ROMANZO (1543-1560) pp. 45-83 1) L’ Amadigi ‘epico’ e il rapporto con l’ Amadìs , pp. 45-64. 2) La ‘riforma romanzesca’ e l’ Amadigi ‘molteplice’, pp. 65-72 3) La Prefazione all’ Amadigi di Lodovico Dolce, pp. 72-83 III ) TRA ROMANZO ED EPICA (1556-1560) pp. 84-136 «Son diverso ancor dall’Ariosto» 1) Il carteggio Tasso-Giraldi, pp. 84-108 2) Il dibattito epistolare Tasso-Speroni, pp. 109-135 IV ) I ‘CANTI DI FLORIDANTE ’ (FL. I-VIII) pp. 136-207 1) Il codice Marciano, pp. 136-155. 2) Il «disegno dell’opera», pp. 156-164. 3) Il Floridante a stampa, pp. 164-191. 4) Albe e tramonti tra Amadigi e Floridante , pp.191-207. V) I ‘C ANTI DEI CAVALIERI (FL. IX-XIX) pp. 208-248 VI ) IL FLORIDANTE TRA BERNARDO E TORQUATO (1586-‘87) pp. 249-315 Torquato, padre ‘adottivo’ del Floridante , pp. 248-273 Il Floridante tra Bernardo e Torquato, Apologia e Conquistata , meraviglioso e allegoria, pp. 274-314 VI ) IL RINALDO TRA L ’AMADIGI E IL FLORIDANTE (1562) pp.316-352 APPENDICI Nota alle appendici pp. 353-354 1) L’Autografo Marciano del Floridante (trascrizione) pp. 355-394 2) Amadigi VII pp. 395-399 3) Amadigi III 38-49; Floridante II 39-48 pp. 400-402 4) Fabula dell’ Amadigi pp. 403-409 5) Fabula del Floridante pp. 410-438 6)Tabella delle ottave omologhe tra Amadigi e Floridante pp. 439-440 IV BIBLIOGRAFIA pp. 441-459 V VOL. II FLORIDANTE EDIZIONE CRITICA DEI PRIMI OTTO CANTI , CON LE VARIANTI DELL ’AUTOGRAFO MARCIANO E DELL ’ AMADIGI Nota al testo pp. I-XXX Bibliografia delle opere utilizzate nel commento pp. XXX-XXXII Bibliografia delle opere di Bernardo Tasso pp. XXXII-XXXIV Al Serenissimo Sig. Il Sig. Guglielmo Gonzaga p. 1 Al Serenissimo Signor | Duca di Mantova Il signor Antonio Costantini p. 2 Del signor cavalier | Giovan Galeazzo Rossi Al signor Antonio Costantino. p. 3 Canto I pp. 4-33 Canto II pp. 34-59 Canto III pp. 60-81 Canto IV pp. 82-103 Canto V pp. 104-120 Canto VI pp. 121-144 Canto VII pp. 145-169 Canto VIII pp. 170-192 1 Capitolo I TRA VENEZIA E MANTOVA L’E PILOGO DEL TASSO ; L ’ESORDIO DEL TASSINO Il 1560 segna una forte cesura nella lunga parabola esistenziale di Bernar- do Tasso: egli è, oramai, sulla soglia dei settanta anni ed ha alle spalle un tra- vagliato percorso umano, politico e letterario che lo ha reso «omai rotto dagli anni e stanco». Sul versante poetico, in quest’anno giunge finalmente a compimento il ventennale processo di composizione dell’ Amadigi , e l’opera è consegnata ai torchi del Giolito insieme alla definitiva raccolta delle sue Rime , in cinque libri, ed al secondo volume delle Lettere ,1 che traccia a posteriori i confini normativi e teorici entro i quali si era mossa la scrittura del poema; due anni dopo il Gioli- to completerà l’edizione integrale dell’opera del Tasso con la ristampa del pri- mo volume delle Lettere ed un elegante opuscolo contenente l’inedito Ragiona- mento della poesia ,2 letto all’Accademia Veneziana 3 nel 1559, anno in cui Ber- 1 L’Amadigi del | S. Bernardo | Tasso. | A l’invittissimo, e | Catolico Re Filippo. (Pref. di L. Dolce), Vinegia, Gabriel Giolito de’ Ferrari, 1560 (per il quale useremo la sigla Am ); Rime di messer Bernardo Tasso, divise in cinque libri nuovamente stampate. Con la sua tavola per ordine di alfabeto , Vinegia, Gabriel de’ Ferrari, 1560; Delle lettere di Bernardo Tasso secondo volume. Nuovamente posto in luce con gli argomenti per ciascuna lettera e con la tavola dei nomi delle persone a chi le sono indirizzate, Vinegia, Gabriel Giolito de’ Ferrari, 1560. L’edizione da noi utilizzata è la rist. anast. di questa, a cura di A. Chemello, Bologna, Forni, 2002, per la quale useremo la sigla BLett. II. 2 Prima parte delle lettere di m. Bernardo Tasso, alle quali nuovamente si sono aggiunti gli argomenti per ciascuna lettera , Vinegia, Gabriel de’Ferrari, 1562; Ragionamento della poesia , Vinegia, Gabriel Giolito de’ Ferrari, 1562. 3 Sull’Accademia Veneziana ed il suo crollo politico e finanziario si veda: Dizionario dei tipografi e degli editori italiani. Il Cinquecento , diretto da M. Menato, E. Sandal, G. Zappella, vol. I, Milano, Edi- trice Bibliografica, 1997, pp. 3-4; G. TIRABOSCHI , Storia della Letteratura italiana del cavaliere abate Giro- lamo Tiraboschi , tomo VII, parte I, Roma, per Luigi Perego Salvioni stampator vaticano nella Sapien- za, 1784, pp. 155 e segg.; L. BOLZONI , L’Accademia veneziana: splendore e decadenza di una utopia enciclo- pedica , in Università, Accademie e Società scientifiche in Italia e in Germania dal Cinquecento al Settecento , «An- nali dell’Istituto storico Italo-Germanico», 9, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1981; La stanza della memoria. Mo- delli letterari ed iconografici nell’età della stampa , Torino, Einaudi, 1995, pp. 3-25; Variazioni tardo- cinquecentesche sull’ “ut pictura poesis”: la topica del Camillo, in Scritti in onore di Eugenio Garin , Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore, 1987, pp. 85-115; Il “Badoaro” di F. Patrizi e l’Accademia veneziana della Fama , in G.S.L.I., CLVIII (1981), pp. 71-101; M. ZORZI , Le biblioteche tra pubblico e privato , e G. BENZONI , Tra Padova e Venezia: le accademie , in La ragione e l’arte. Torquato Tasso e la Repubblica Veneta , a cura di G. Da Pozzo, Venezia, il Cardo, 1995, pp. 39-48 e 49-56; M. TAFURI , Venezia e il Rinascimento , Torino, Ei- naudi, 1985, pp. 172-185; P. PAGAN , Sull’Accademia ‘Venetiana’ o della Fama , «Atti dell’istituto veneto di Scienze Lettere e Arti», CXXXII, 1973-74, pp. 359-392; V. ZACCARIA , Le Accademie padane Cin- 2 nardo ne era entrato al servizio in qualità di Cancelliere: 4 ma, non appena un anno dopo, nel 1560 appunto, deciderà di abbandonare Venezia e l’incarico affidatogli presso l’Accademia. Il Tasso era arrivato nella Repubblica nel dicembre del 1558 col solo in- tento di farvi stampare l’ Amadigi , ma a distanza di sei mesi già maturava l’idea di passarvi gli ultimi anni della sua vita, avendo avuto finalmente, per la prima volta in vita sua, l’opportunità di abbandonare «il duro giogo de la servitù de’ principi» e di svolgere un’attività totalmente sedentaria e letteraria, proprio grazie alle possibilità economiche offertegli dal nuovo incarico: Io, dopo le tempeste della mia maligna fortuna, havendo fra tanti incomodi ed impedimenti condotto a fine il mio poema, era venuto in questa meravi- gliosa città con animo di starvi solamente tanto ch’io l’havessi fatto stampa- re; ma havendo gustato l’infinita delettazione e l’utile ch’un animo ben composto e amico delle virtù da questa nobile ed eccellentissima Accade- mia può ricevere […]; stanco homai da l’insopportabil fatiche che l’azioni del mondo seco portano; e desideroso di sottrarre il collo al difficile, noio- so e duro giogo de la servitù de’ principi, al quale sono stato legato per qua- rant’anni […], mi sono risoluto qui, dove nacqui, e dove l’ossa de’ miei ca- rissimi parenti si riposano, finire (quando a Dio piacerà) la vita mia; e il re- sto degli anni miei, al servizio di questo celebratissimo tempio di Dio e del- le virtù consacrate».5 Ma, come rileva Carlo Dionisotti, 6 «le due vicende, del Tasso e dell’Accademia, devono essere considerate distintamente, ma a fronte l’una dell’altra». L’Accademia Veneziana, o della Fama, «può considerarsi come una natu- rale geminazione delle usuali adunanze che avevano luogo all’inizio della se- quecentesche e il Tasso , in Formazione e fortuna del Tasso nella cultura della Serenissima , Atti del Convegno di studi nel IV centenario della morte di T. Tasso, Padova-Venezia, 10-11 novembre 1995, a cura di L. Borsetto, Venezia, Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere e Arti, 1997, pp. 35-61; M. MAYLENDER , Sto- ria delle Accademie d’Italia , Bologna, Licinio Cappelli, 1930, vol. V, pp. 436-43; P.L. ROSE , The Accade- mia Veneziana, Science and culture in Renaissance Venice , in «Studi Veneziani», XI, 1969, pp. 216-222. 4 Bernardo giunse a Venezia nel dicembre del 1558 (cfr. BLett. II, CLXVIII, pp. 533-34); nel giugno successivo era già membro dell’Accademia: BLett. II, CLXXIX, pp. 583-87, del 14 giugno 1559: «Io venni in Venetia con animo di starvi tanto, ch’io facessi imprimere il mio Poema, ma alle- tato da la bellezza de le virtù, a grandissimo favore mi son recato, che questi dottissimi spiriti m’habbiano raccolto ne la nobile, et Eccellentissima Accademia, albergo de le scientie, asilo, dove sicuramente da le persecuzioni del mondo ogni virtuoso si può ricoverare».
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