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8 K. ASWATHI.Cdr Indian Forester, 143 (10) : 1027-1036, 2017 ISSN No. 0019-4816 (Print) http://www.indianforester.co.in ISSN No. 2321-094X (Online) SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT ON TWO MAJOR SOIL MACROFAUNA, SCORPIONS (ARACHNIDA: SCORPIONES) AND CENTIPEDES (CHILOPODA: SCOLOPENDROMORPHA) OF CHINNAR WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, KERALA, INDIA K. ASWATHI, DHANYA BALAN AND P.M. SURESHAN1 University of Calicut, Malappuram, Calicut, Kerala, India E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT The present study highlighted the diversity of two important soil macro fauna viz., Centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) from Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki District, Kerala, the Southern Western Ghats. Being a rain shadow area, the study area possesses a unique faunal component. We reported 6 species of Scorpions and 7 species of Scolopendrid centipedes from the study area. The study included the first report of the centipede species Cormocephalus westwoodi westwoodi (Newport) from Kerala and the listing out of Cormocephalus (Dekanonyx) nigrificatus Verhoeff (endemic to Southern India) and Otostigmus gravely (Jangi and Dass) (Endemic to Kerala) and Rhysida lithobiodes trispinosus Jangi and Dass (endemic to Deccan plateau). Key words: Chinnar WLS, Rain shadow forest, Scorpions, Centipedes, Western Ghats. Introduction are known from the country out of which 22 species Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary is an important belonging to the family Scolopendridae are known from protected area located in the rain shadow regions in the Kerala Sureshan et al. (2004) Anamalai Hills of southern Western Ghats. The peculiarity Scorpions are fascinating group of arachnids widely of geographic location and vegetation along with the dry distributed in all continents except Antarctica. They are climatic condition of this area leads to the uniqueness in one of the animal groups, which attract public interest faunal components of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary. Due to owing to their fearsome appearance, toxicity, and painful significant variation in altitude and rainfall it has a wide sting. Though venom of only a few species of scorpions are range of habitat that are interspersed with plains, hillocks, lethal to man, such species are rare in India. When rocks and cliffs which provide favorable microhabitats for compared to the other parts of India, scorpion fauna of varied forms of life. It may reflect more specifically in the Kerala is poorly studied. As per the latest checklist by soil arthropod fauna of the area as they are closely Bastawade et al. (2012), 19 species of scorpions under 8 associated with the soil types and moisture content of the genera and 3 families are reported from Kerala. With the soil. The present study aims to understand two vital macro addition description of two new species from Chinnar fauna of soil arthropods-Scolopendrid centipedes Wildlife Sanctuary recently by Aswathi et al. (2015), (2016) (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and scorpions the number of known taxa from Kerala has been raised to (Arachnida: Scorpiones) of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary. 23 species under 9 genera belonging to 3 families. Order Scolopendromorpha comprises the multi Material and Methods segmented arthropods bearing one pair of legs per Study area segment and 21-23 body segments of the Class Chilopoda. Geographically the Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary is A perusal of literature reveals the existence of 682 species 0 0 0 0 of scolopendrids (excluding subspecies) globally in five located between 10 15'–10 21'N and 77 5'–77 16' E. The families, 34 extant genera and four extinct genera., sanctuary spreads around 90.44km² and located 18 km representing 17 valid genera of the family Scolopendridae north of Marayoor in the Marayoor and Kanthalloor and 9 genera of family Cryptopidae (Khanna,2008). Panchayaths of Devikulam Taluk in the Idukki District of Regarding India, 90 valid species of Scolopendrid Kerala State. The adjoining protected areas are Eravikulam centipedes belonging to 8 genera of the family National Park in southern part and Indira Gandhi Wildlife Scolopendridae and 3 genera of the family Cryptopidae Sanctuary in north. Six species of Scorpions and 7 species of Scolopendrid have been reported and Cormocephalus westwoodi westwoodi (Newport) have been recorded first time from kerala. 1Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghat Regional Centre, Jafarkhan Colony, Eranhipalam. Kozhikode, Kerala, India. E-mail: [email protected] 1028 The Indian Forester [October 2017] Systematic account on two major soil macrofauna, scorpions (Arachnida: scorpiones) and centipedes ... 1029 The vegetation of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary is Lychas tricarinatus: Pocock, 1900: 40. Distribution: India: Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chinnar WLS, Churulipatty tribal colony (Lat. 10°28' N, specific due to the domination of dry deciduous forests Lychas tricarinatus: Kovařík, 1997: 356 Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha and West Bengal; Elsewhere: Long. 77°18' E, Alt. 512 m), 22.v.2014, Coll. P. M. Sureshan, having sandal trees. As per the classification of vegetation Material examined: 1C, India: Kerala: Idukki, Chinnar Africa and Oceania. Reg. No. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/3603; 2C paratypes, same by Champion and Seth (1968), the vegetation include Wildlife Sanctuary (Lat. 10°35'N, Long.77°23' E, Alt.371 m), Remarks: This species is recorded here for the first time data as that of holotype, Reg. No. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV/3604. southern tropical thorn forest (scrub jungle), southern dry 19.xi.1996, Coll. P. M. Sureshan, Reg. No.ZSI/WGRC/IR/ from Kerala, collected under boulders in the thorny Diagnosis: Total length 30-41mm. Scattered granulation mixed deciduous forest (dry deciduous forest), southern INV/5018. forests, not making holes. on lateral portions of carapace; median eyes situated in moist mixed deciduous forest (moist deciduous forest), the ratio 1: 2; basal portion of the femur possess tropical riparian fringing forest (riparian forest), southern Diagnosis: Total length 44-54.7 mm. Entire surface of 3. Buthoscorpio chinnarensis Aswathi, Sureshan and carapace and Mesosomal tergites coarsely granular; three Lourenco (Figs. 3 and 4) prominent tubercles; mesosomal tergites III-V with dorsal montane wet temperate forest (montane shola forest) and carinae; metasomal segments I-IV wider than long, southern montane wet grassland (grasslands). carinae present on mesosomal tergites II-VI, no carinae on Buthoscorpio chinnarensis Aswathi et al., 2015: 213-218. tergite I. Metasomal segments I-II with 10 keels and III-IV segment V longer than wide; subaculear tubercle absent Material examined: 1 X holotype: India: Kerala: Idukki: Methods with 8 keels, but sometimes the III segments may have 10 on telson; Pectinal teeth number 14-16 in males and 17-17 The specimens for the present study include those keels; Pectinal teeth number 20-26 in both sexes. collected from the Sanctuary during the recent years and Trichobothria eb and esb seen closer to the base of the PLATE 1 those deposited in the faunal holdings of Zoological Survey fixed finger. Two sclerites of genital operculum pointed on of India, Western Ghat Regional Centre, Kozhikode, (ZSIK). latero-median portion externally. For trichobothrial The specimens were hand- collected under rocks, rock pattern (Tikader and Bastawade, 1983) crevices and under logs and preserved in 70% ethanol. Distribution: India: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, They were studied under a stereoscopic binocular Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and microscope (LEICA MZ 16). The photos were taken with the Tamil Nadu. camera model Cannon FX 120. The specimens were registered and deposited in ZSIK. The terminology used in Remarks: This is a species endemic to India. Collected this paper follows Stahnke (1970) and Bonato et al. (2010). immediately under boulders in the thorny scrub forests and not making holes in the soil. Results and Discussion 2. Lychas laevifrons (Pocock) (Fig.2) Diversity and Composition Isometrus shoplandi: Pocock, 1891: 434 (in part) The systematic account of centipedes includes, 7 Archisometrus laevifrons Pocock, 1897: 113. species of order Scolopendromorpha including Lychas laevifrons: Pocock, 1900: 41. representatives from 4 genera. Among this the notable Lychas laevifrons: Kovařík, 1997: 336 findings are the first report of Cormocephalus westwoodi westwoodi (Newport) from Kerala and the listing out of Material examined: 2C, India: Kerala: Idukki, Chinnar Cormocephalus (Dekanonyx) nigrificatus Verhoeff Wildlife Sanctuary, Churulipatty (Lat.10°35'N, Long. Fig. 1: Lychas tricarinatus (endemic to Southern India) and Otostigmus gravely (Jangi 77°19'E, Alt.553.5 m), 22.v.2014, Coll. P.M. Sureshan, Reg. Fig. 2: Lychas Idevifrons and Dass, 1984) (Endemic to Kerala) and Rhysida No. ZSI/WGRC//IR/INV 5016; 1X, 2C, Churulipatty (Lat. lithobiodes trispinosus Jangi and Dass (endemic to Deccan 10°35' N, Long. 77°29' E, Alt. 371 m), 4.vi. 2015, Coll. Aswathi. plateau). K, Reg. No. ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV 4585; 1X, Chempakkad (Lat. Regarding scorpions, 6 species under 5 genera 10°33' N, Long. 77°22'E, Alt. 469 m), 12.ix.2015, Coll. P.M. belonging to 3 families are reported from the sanctuary. Sureshan, Reg. No. ZSI/ WGRC/IR/INV4818; 1X, Among the 6 species of scorpions, Buthoscorpio Alampatty, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary (Lat. 10°31' N, Long. chinnarensis Aswathi, Sureshan and Lourenco, 2015 was a 77°18' E, Alt. 877.4 m), 12.ix.2015, Coll. P.M. Sureshan, newly described species and is not reported from any part Reg. No. ZSI/WGRC/IR/ INV/4767. of the world. The
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