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DENT-1440: General and Oral Pathology 1 DENT-1440: GENERAL AND ORAL PATHOLOGY Cuyahoga Community College Viewing: DENT-1440 : General and Oral Pathology Board of Trustees: 2018-01-25 Academic Term: 2018-01-16 Subject Code DENT - Dental Hygiene Course Number: 1440 Title: General and Oral Pathology Catalog Description: General principles of pathology including, inflammation, neoplasia, metabolic and endocrine disturbances, and other systemic diseases affecting the general and oral health of the patient. Credit Hour(s): 2 Lecture Hour(s): 2 Requisites Prerequisite and Corequisite DENT-1311 Dental Anatomy, Histology & Embryology and DENT-1300 Preventive Oral Health Services I. Outcomes Course Outcome(s): Evaluate the oral manifestations of systemic disease. Objective(s): 1. Describe the clinical features and oral manifestations and possible treatment for endocrine and blood disorders. 2. Discuss oral manifestations of oral cancer therapy. 3. Differentiate between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. 4. Discuss the effects of pharmaceuticals on the oral cavity. Course Outcome(s): Explain the diagnostic process using common terminology related to pathology. Objective(s): 1. Use correct terminology to describe intraoral and extraoral lesions. 2. Name a diagnostic category and give an example of a lesion, anomaly or condition for which this category contributes to the diagnosis. 3. Recognize the etiology, typical location, clinical appearance, prevalence, and treatment of variants of normal conditions. Course Outcome(s): Describe the inflammatory and repair processes and their effects on the body's healing capacity. Objective(s): 1. Explain the differences between acute and chronic inflammation. 2. Identify the microscopic events of the inflammatory process. 2 DENT-1440: General and Oral Pathology 3. List and describe the three types of tissue repair. 4. Identify the clinical features, etiology and treatment options for injuries to the teeth, oral soft tissues, salivary glands and bone. Course Outcome(s): Explain the components of the immune response. Objective(s): 1. Explain the cellular involvement in the immune response. 2. Differentiate between passive and active immunity. 3. Describe autoimmunity and explain how it results in disease. 4. Define immunodeficiency and describe how it results in disease. 5. Distinguish various oral diseases with immunologic pathogenesis including etiology, appearance and treatment. 6. Identify various autoimmune diseases that effect the oral cavity. 7. List examples and uses of medications that can cause immunosuppression. Course Outcome(s): Identify the factors involved in the development and spread of infectious diseases. Objective(s): 1. Categorize the etiology of specific infectious diseases as either bacterial, fungal or viral. 2. Explain the mode of transmission, appearance, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various infectious diseases. Course Outcome(s): Distinguish between developmental and inherited disorders. Objective(s): 1. Classify developmental abnormalities and identify their origin as either soft tissue or tooth structure. 2. Distinguish between developmental odontogenic and developmental nonodotogenic cysts. 3. Describe the various types of dental anomalies. Course Outcome(s): Compare and contrast genetic abnormalities that affect the head and neck area. Objective(s): 1. Review normal cell division. 2. Review the molecular composition of chromosomes. 3. Compare and contrast inherited disorders that effect the gingiva and periodontium, jaw bones and facies, oral mucosa and the teeth. Course Outcome(s): Differentiate between neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases of the head and neck area. Objective(s): 1. Differentiate between benign, premalignant and malignant tumors appearing in the oral cavity. 2. Identify risk factors, warning signs, common sites, treatment and prognosis for oral cancer. 3. Identify the clinical & radiographic features, typical locations and treatment for neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. 4. Identify nonneoplastic diseases of bone that effect the maxilla and mandible. Methods of Evaluation: A. Quizzes B. Examinations C. Practical Focus Activities D. Presentations DENT-1440: General and Oral Pathology 3 Course Content Outline: 1. A. Introduction to Oral Pathology a. 1. Common Terminology i. Health ii. Disease iii. Pathology iv. Etiology v. Idiopathic vi. Iatrogenic vii. Predilection viii. Pathogenic ix. Pathonomonic x. Manifestation xi. Signs of disease xii. Symptoms of disease xiii. Lesion xiv. Necrosis xv. Pathogenesis xvi. Sequelae xvii. Prognosis b. Diagnostic process i. Clinical diagnosis ii. Historical diagnosis iii. Radiographic diagnosis iv. Laboratory diagnosis v. Microscopic diagnosis vi. Surgical diagnosis vii. Therapeutic diagnosis viii. Differential diagnosis ix. Definitive diagnosis c. Terms to describe oral lesions i. Macule ii. Patch iii. Erosion iv. Ulcer v. Vesicle vi. Bulla vii. Pustule viii. Wheal ix. Papule x. Nodule xi. Plaque xii. Tumor xiii. Sessile xiv. Pedunculated d. Histologic changes in tissue i. Atrophy ii. Hypertrophy iii. Hypoplasia iv. Hyperplasia e. Variants of normal i. Fordyce granules ii. Torus palatinus iii. Mandibular tori iv. Melanin pigmentation v. Retrocuspid papilla vi. varicosities 4 DENT-1440: General and Oral Pathology vii. Linea alba viii. Leukoedema ix. Lingual thyroid nodule x. Fissured tongue xi. Median rhomboid glossitis xii. Geographic tongue xiii. Hairy tongue xiv. Macroglossia xv. Microglossia xvi. Exostoses 2. Inflammation and repair a. Cardinal signs of localized inflammation i. Redness ii. Swelling iii. Pain iv. Loss of noral tissue function b. Cardinal signs of systemic inflammation i. Fever ii. Leukocytosis iii. Elevated C-Reactive Protein iv. Lymphoadenopathy c. Microscopic Events of the Inflammatory Process i. Injury to tissue ii. Constriction of the microcirculation iii. Dilation of the microcirculation iv. Increase in permeability of the microcirculation v. Exudate leaving the microcirculation vi. Increase in blood viscosity in the microcirculation vii. Decrease in blood flow through the microcirculation viii. Margination and pavementing of white blood cells ix. Emigration of white blood cells from the microcirculation x. Phagocytosis by blood cells of foreign substances d. Types of white blood cells i. Neutrophils ii. Macrophages e. Chemical Mediators i. Kinin system ii. Clotting mechanisms iii. Complement system iv. Other biochemical mediators v. Antiinflammatory drugs f. Acute vs. chromic inflammation g. Tissue regeneration and tissue repair h. Microscopic events during repair i. Types of repair i. Primary intention ii. Secondary intention iii. Tertiary intention 3. Injuries to the Teeeth a. Attrition b. Abrasion c. Abfraction d. Erosiion e. Methamphetamine Abuse 4. Injuries to the soft tissue a. Chemical b. Electric c. Thermal DENT-1440: General and Oral Pathology 5 d. Cocaine e. Hematoma f. Traumatic ulcer g. Frictional keratosis h. Linea alba i. Traumatic neuroma j. Nicotine stomatitis k. Tobacco pouch keratosis l. Smoker''s melanosis m. Amalgam tatoo n. Oral melanotic macule o. Solar cheilitis p. Petechiae q. Ecchymosis 5. Injuries to salivary glands a. Mucocele b. Ranula c. Necrotizing Sialometaplasia d. Sialolith e. Sialadenitis f. Xerostomia g. Sjogren''s Syndrome h. Warthin Tumor 6. Reactive Connective Tissue Lesions a. Pyogenic Granuloma b. Giant Cell Granuloma c. Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma d. Irritation Fibroma e. Epulis Fissuratum f. Palatal Pappilomatosis g. Gingival Fibromatosis h. Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis 7. Inflammatory Periapical Lesions a. Fistula b. Parulis c. Cellulitis d. Ludwig Angina e. Pulpitis f. Periapical Abscess g. Periapical Granuloma h. Periapical Cyst i. Condensing Osteitis j. Alveolar Osteitis k. Internal and External Resorption 8. Immunity a. Inflammatory vs. immune response b. Components of the immune response i. Antigens ii. Antibodies iii. Lymphocytes iv. Macrophages v. Cytokines c. 3. Types of lymphocytes i. B cells ii. T cells iii. Natural killer cells d. Cell-mediated immune response e. Types of immunity 6 DENT-1440: General and Oral Pathology i. Active ii. Passive iii. Natural iv. Acquired f. Immunopathology i. Hypersenitivity ii. Autoimmune diseases iii. Immunodeficiency 1. Primary 2. Secondary 9. Oral Diseases with Immunologic Pathogenesis a. Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis b. Hypersensitivity Induced Lesions i. Urticaria ii. Angioedema iii. Contact mucositis iv. Contact dermatitis v. fixed drug eruption vi. Erythema multiforme vii. Reiter''s Syndrome 10. Autoimmune Diseases that Affect the Oral Cavity a. Sjogren''s Syndrome b. Lupus erythematosus c. Pemphigus vulgaris d. Pemphigoid e. Behcet Syndrome 11. Infectious Disease a. Bacterial Infections i. Impetigo ii. Tonsillitis and pharayngitis 1. Scarlet fever 2. Rheumatic fever iii. Tuberculosis iv. Actinomycosis v. Syphilis vi. Mecrotizing ulcerative gingivitis vii. Pericoronitis viii. Acute osteomyelitis ix. Chronic osteomyelitis b. Fungal Infections i. Candidiasis ii. Dee fungal infections c. Viral Infectious i. Human papillomavirus infection 1. Verruca vulgaris 2. Condyloma acuminatum 3. Focal epithelial hyperplasia ii. Herpes simplex infections 1. Primary 2. Recurrent iii. Varicella-zoster iv. Epstein-barr v. Coxsackievirus infection 1. Herpangina 2. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease d. Other Viral Infections with Oral Manifestations i. Measles ii. Mumps e. Human Immunodeficiency Virus DENT-1440: General and Oral Pathology 7 i. Progression ii. Oral manifestations 12. Developmental disorders a.
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