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RESORTS 4 Presumethat Shewroteabout Thingswhich Fire from Heaven, the Persian Boy, and Concerned Her; from This One Would Con- the Praise Singer

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RESORTS 4 Presumethat Shewroteabout Thingswhich Fire from Heaven, the Persian Boy, and Concerned Her; from This One Would Con- the Praise Singer RESORTS 4 presumethat shewroteabout thingswhich Fire from Heaven, The Persian Boy, and concerned her; from this one would con- The Praise Singer. She also published a clude that Challans was a lesbian--or at non-fiction work describing her research least bisexual-but there is, as yet, no into Alexander the Great: The Search for direct biographical evidence. Alexander. Almost all her historical nov- She began her career with an els seem assured of a healthy life for many apprenticeship in the world of popular years to come. The theme which is dating fiction, or romance novels. She later as- the novels most quickly is the Freudian serted that if everything she had written mythology which Challans unfortunately before The Charioteer were to perish, she decided to weave into her tales. would only feel relief. Her first novel, Challans' significance is similar Promise of Love (1939),dealt with lesbian- to that of Marguerite Yourcenar, another ism as a subtheme, and her other romance lesbian who wrotemagnificent books about novels continued to probe the nature of male homosexuality. It is a somewhat male and female in a very nonstandard puzzling phenomenon, in that one would way for the genre. Also nonstandard was expect them to write novels about women the continued development of her writing in love, and the beauty of women. But style and a constant background of ancient somehow these two women [and they are Greek themes. not alone) had extremely strong percep- With The Charioteer in 1953, tions of male beauty and of love between Challans began to break new ground for men. In Challans' case, that has left The the popular novel. (Thebook's publication Charioteer, The Last of the Wine, and The was delayed until 1959 in America, a fact Persian Boy as a literary heritage. which Challans attributed to McCarthy- ism.) The ancient Greek subthemes as- BIBLIOGRAPHY. Bernard F. Dick, The Hellenism of Mary Renault, Carbondale sume a much more prominent role, and and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois the foreground tale is an overt account of University Press, 1972. male homosexuallove. The noveldescribes Geoff Puterbaugh physical love largely through ellipses (Challans was never to vary this habit of restraint), but otherwise pulls very few RESORTS punches. Resorts frequented by homosex- With her next book, The Last of ual men-and to a lesser extent by lesbi- the Wine (19561, Challans left popular ans--tend to be at the shore. A few inland romances behind her and took up a career exceptions, such as Palm Springs and in historical fiction. This is a problematic Russian River in California occur, but genre, since it has been so often abused. winter resorts, such as skiing sites, have Yet, very early on, she was receiving the rarely developed a visible homosexual highest possible accolades for her faithful presence. The reason for this specializa- recreations of ancient Hellas. She typi- tion lies probably in the association of sun cally included a bibliography and an and sensuality, and gay resorts function "Author's Note" in each novel, explaining more clearly as places of sexual assigna- what was historical fact and what was not. tion than those favored, say, by family The Last of the Wine is one of the groups. An interesting contrast is that few classic novels of male homosexual between nude beaches, which attract a love, and has been cherished by many gay gay clientele, and nudist camps, which men since it first appeared (it has never rarely do. gone out of print]. Other novels followed Some well-heeled gay visitors in steady progression: The King Must Die, travel to resorts in the company of their The Bull from the Sea, The Mask of Apollo, regular lovers, while others hope to find 9 RESORTS romance there--either with other visitors during their involuntary foreign sojourns. or with hustlers. The availability of the The first stirrings of the impulse to the gay latter depends in large measure on the resort stem from the beginnings of mass economic situation of the region in which travel to the Mediterranean in the nine- the resort is situated; those which are teenth century. During the previous cen- remote from a demographic reservoir of tury the homosexual archeologist J. J. impoverished individuals tend not to have Winckelmann had been responsible for many hustlers. Apparently, gay resorts do popularizing, in elite circles at least, a not favor the migratory legions of prosti- notion of Italy as the homeland of aes- tutes that work the heterosexual circuits, thetic paganism. This idea was subse- so that local talent is necessary. In a wealthy quently reinforced by such writers as town, such as Palm Springs, this pool of Walter Pater and John Addington Symonds. sex workers is simply lacking. Hence the As a practical matter the opening of trunk attraction of Third World countries for railway lines linking northern Europe to some "sexual tourists." the Mediterranean made the fabled spots This article observes a distinc- available to a considerably enlarged clien- tion between resorts proper, which are tele. By the end of the nineteenth century located away from major population cen- Florence, Capri, and Sicily had well devel- ters (their attraction lying in part in this oped colonies of homosexual and lesbian very distance), and metropolitan beaches. expatriates. The Tuscan capital tended to Distance lends enchantment--or at least a attract the more intellectual and artistic sense of security inasmuch as those em- visitors for longer stays, the southern is- ployed in such conservative occupations lands a more hedonistic and nomadic as banking and law often do not feel that crowd. The special qualities of Capri have they can truly relax except far from their beencaptured by suchnovelists asNorman business associates and family. During the Douglas, Compton Mackenzie, and Roger tourist season the typical resort town Peyrefitte. Later in the twentieth century, functions around the clock: bats, restau- as Capri's attractions faded, other Medi- rants, and other places of relaxation and terranean islands, including Mykonos, social contact are open into the wee hours Lesbos, and Crete in Greece, became cen- of the morning, in contrast with an indus- ters of gay tourism. At the end of the 1980s trial town where all night life ends by the top three gay summer resorts were all eleven in the evening. In resorts frequented in Spain: Sitges, Ibiza, and Torremolinos. by homosexuals, many of theguest houses The French acquisition of North are owned by gay proprietors and solicit Mrica (beginning in 1830) had opened up patrons through advertisements in the gay historic Islamic countries with a long tra- press. Occasional exceptions to the sepa- dition of availableyouth. Thus AndrCGide ration between resort towns and metro- was to find Oscar Wilde and Lord Alfred politan centers occur, as Rio de Janeiro, Douglas visiting Algeria for sexual pur- which has beaches for its residents, but poses in 1894; he was surprised not so which functions as a resort for foreign gay much by the purpose of their visit as the men, especially during the mardi gras or frankness with which it was avowed. carnival season. Because of its international status, the city History. The sources for thepopu- of Tangier in Morocco remained a gay larity of modern gay resorts are various, center at least through the 1960s. More including the old areadian dream of a place adventurous travelers could, of course, visit apart from hostile heterosexual pressures, Turkey, Syria, and Egypt, but these coun- a long-standing tradition of homosexual tries seem not to have developed any spe- travel, and the sexual exiles and remit- cific sites of fascination for the sexual tance men who tended to flock together tourist. Contemporary Patterns. In the ish chroniclers of sodomy. It was not true United States, the east coast boasts two of Henry 11, who .made his son's fiancee resorts of particularrenown: Provincetown, Alice of France his mistress to the outrage Massachusetts, and Key West, Florida.Just of Eleanor and Richard. The accusation when these locales emerged as gay meccas rings true, however, for William 11 Rufus is hard to say because they began their (ca. 1056-1 100), as for his nephew Prince careers as places favored by artists, writ- William (son of his brother Henry I), who ers, and theatre people, with a consider- was coasting down the Channel with his able though not originally dominant gay frivolous, effcrninate companions, when admixture-"tipping" probably only in the the White Ship capsized-"God's venge- 1960s. Fire Island, easily accessible on day ance on the sodomites," as the chroniclers trips from New York City, belongs to a declared. special category intermediate between the Richard was the great-grandson metropolitan beach and the true resort. In of Henry I and scion on the other side of the a number of states of the United States brutal, vicious, exuberant counts of An- enterprising individuals have set up gay jou, thought by some to be genetically ranches for private customers. To some sadistic. It is pcrhaps not true that Richard extent this practice parallels nudist camps, fell in love with the young king of France, which are themselves part of a large, but Philip II Augustus. Their intimate friend- little known subculture. ship was occasioned by their plotting against Richard's father. But Richard never BIBLIOGRAPHY. JamesMoney, Capri, showed any serious interest in women. He Island of Pleasure, London: Deutsch, 198 7; Odysseus . An Accommoda- waited very late to marry Berengaria of tions Guide for Gay Men, New York: Navarre; he spcnt practically no time with Odysseus Enterprises, 1989; Spartacus her, and failed to sire any heir, an impor- International Gay Guide, Berlin: Bruno tant obligation of kingship.
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