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CSIRO Biodiversity Index abalone 144 marine management 136–42, 148, 149 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people minerals 168–70 artwork 95 production methods 103–5 biodiversity and 81–100 Australian Antarctic Territory 137 computer technology and 93, 99 Australian Biodiversity Conservation Strategy environmental management 94, 98–9, 181, 187 (2010–2030) 53 fire management 91–2, 93, 99, 102 Australian Capital Territory (ACT) 18, 35 inland water resources and 158 Australian Conservation Foundation 131 land use 96–7, 103–5 Australian Fisheries Management Authority 145 languages 82–3, 84 Australian Institute of Marine Science 51 marine environmental management 177 Australian Land Tenure 96–7 Native Title and 190 Australian landscape 12, 169 ranger groups 99, 100 Australian National Heritage Tool 41 see also Indigenous Australians Australian painted snipe (Rostratula australis) 161 abundance 193, 196 Australian Wildlife Conservancy 73 abyssal zone 24 Acacia spp. 17, 22, 23, 28, 87 bacteria 56, 113, 162 acoustics technology 138, 141 balance of nature 182 adaptive management 145, 160–4, 171–2, 188, 190, ballast water 144 193 banded hare-wallaby 47 Adelaide 52, 129 banteng cattle (Bos javanicus) 164 aesthetic values, biodiversity and 7, 9 Barmah–Millewa Forest 159 agricultural banking 190 barramundi 88, 148 agricultural ecosystems 50, 58, 102–3, 104, 169 bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica) 16 threats from base-flows 155 Aichi Biodiversity Targets 186 baseline shift, ecosystems 144 air-conditioning 126 bauxite 173 air quality 130 beefwood (Grevillea striata) 87 algae (Cystoseira trinodis) 25, 144, 160 bees 123 alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) 163 BHP Billiton 176, 177 alpine woodlands 60, 71 billabongs 86, 152 amphibians 33, 157 biobanking 78, 176 anchovies 148 biodiversity Ankerre 87 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples Antarctica 15, 17, 25, 140 and 81–100 Anthropocene 185, 192 definition 2, 3 ants 175 hotspots 10, 123 apostlebird (Struthidea cinerea) 154 icons of 27–32 aquaculture 147–8 inland waterways 155–6 aquatic beetles 33 management of 64–7. 114–16 aquatic environments 48–50, 155, 162, 163 mining and 167–78 aquifers 33, 163, 169 monitoring of 11–12, 51–3, 191 Argo floats 136, 140, 141 offsets 170 Arid Recovery 176, 177 threats to 8, 38, 48, 56–66, 90, 183, 191, 193 Arid Zone 19, 20–1, 156, 193 tools 55–67, 136, 138, 140–1 Arrernte people 84, 85, 87 urban areas 127–8 ascidians 30, 31 values and 5–8 Atlantic salmon farming 147 biogeochemical model 148 Atlas of Bird Life Australia 51 biogeography 15, 19, 186 Atlas of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems 155 biological control 9, 59 Atlas of Living Australia 41, 42–3, 62, 63, 75, 125 biomass 193 Australia 17, 24, 130 biomes 19–26, 193 agricultural ecosystems 102–3 bioregions 39, 44, 70, 77, 193 biodiversity management and research 14–18, biota 193 38, 132, 147–9, 180–1, 189–90 birds 41, 73, 109, 110, 111, 113, 115, 124, 128, 177 cities of 123–33 black coal 168, 169 fire disturbance 172 black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) 98 grazing in 106, 107 black grasswren 21 inland water ecosystems 151–65 black wallaroo 92 219 blue-billed duck (Oxyura australis) 161 Commonwealth Government 39, 52, 164, 170, 172 blue-green algae 109 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research BLUElink 138 Organisation (CSIRO) 7, 11, 52, 172, 189 bony fish 84 community involvement, biodiversity and 119, 187, Bookpurnong floodplain 163 191, 193 Boolcoomatta Reserve 190 compact city debate 128 boom-or-bust ecosystems 153 complementarity 77 Borroloola 84 complementary management 148–9 Brewarrina fish traps (Baiame’s ngannhu) 158 computer technology, Aboriginal and Torres Strait bridal creeper (Asparagus apsaragoides) 59 Islander people and 93, 99 bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata) 46, 47 connectivity 79, 114–16, 142–3, 149, 161, 193, 195 Brisbane 125, 127, 128, 132 conservation 76–7, 116, 169 brown treecreeper (Climacteris picumnus) 115 Consumption Atlas 131 brush-tailed bettong 47 continental drift 14, 25 bryozoa 31 continental shelf 70, 136, 137 buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) 90 Convention on Biological Biodiversity (1992) 4, 70, Burdekin River 50 186 burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) 47, 177 convergent evolution 28 bushfires 9, 23, 60, 63 cool temperate zone 25 bush foods 88, 90 coral reefs 24, 31, 48, 50, 138, 146 Bush Heritage Australia 73 Coral Triangle 24, 136, 143, 181 bycatch 146 coral trout 48 Corner Inlet 139 Cairns 41, 132 corporations, environmental impact change and 190 Callitris 107 cost effectiveness, biodiversity management 64, 65 Canberra 35, 126, 129, 132 Council of Australian Governments (COAG) 160 cane toad (Bufo marinus) 88, 90, 164 Country 82, 84, 86, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94–5, 98, 99, 105 canefields 40 Cravens Peak Reserve 73 canegrass swamps 21 crayfish 155 canyons (maritime) 25, 172 crescent nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea lunata) 45 Cape York Peninsula 22 Cretaceous Period 17 captive breeding 58, 60 crops 104, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 115, 118, carbon 154, 162, 177 169 carbon storage 9, 78, 91, 99, 126, 189 crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) 50 Carnaby’s cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) 60 cultural values, biodiversity and 5, 6–7, 8, 9, 181 CAR (Comprehensiveness, Adequacy, cumbungi (Typha orientalis) 164 Representativeness) criteria 73, 74, 76 curassows 17 carp (Cyprinus carpio) 59 Curitiba 123 car parks 130 Cybertracker 99 Carpentarian grasswren 21 cycads (Macrozamia communis) 23 Cataract Dam 157 cyclones 50 catchment allocation 156, 160–2, 165 cypress pine 107 cavity-nesting bees 124 cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) (koi herpesvirus) 59 central Australia 30 cereals 109 Daly River 88, 89, 155 chemical pollution 61 dams 154, 156, 157, 159 chenopod plains 21 Darwin 132, 177, 178 Chiloglottis 33 data technology, marine research and 150 Christmas Island pipistrelle (Pipistrellus murrayi) dead zones 143 51, 64 decision-making chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) 61 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people cities, biodiversity and 121–34 and 94 citizen science 42, 125 climate change and 66 climate change 9, 38, 48, 53, 58, 62–3, 64, 66, 74, structures 64–7 75, 76, 79, 92, 102, 131, 149, 152, 160, 171, 183, decomposers 4, 29, 113 187, 189 deep-sea animals 30 Cloacininae 31 deepwater fishing 146 coal mining 170 degraders 4 coastal zone 24, 171 D’Entrecasteaux Channel 148 Co-management Consultation Projects 96–7 depth tag 140 commercial fishing 78 deserts 20, 29, 99 Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin desert taipan 33 Tuna 149 dibbler 47 220 dingoes 106 extinctions 8, 23, 44, 48, 58, 60, 64, 177, 183, 184, Diprotodon 32 194 disease control 57, 61 extreme events 9, 62 dispersal 115, 193 distribution patterns 48, 75, 142, 193 facial tumour disease 61 diversity 10, 193–4, 196 fairy-wren (Malurus) 21 DNA analysis 16, 22, 33, 162 fauna survey 190 Dobson, Veronica 90 fencing 57 dolphins 48, 177, 178 feral animals 40, 58, 59, 91, 106, 154, 164, 177 Dreaming 84, 94, 95 Fergusoninidae 35 drought refuges 75–6, 161, 162, 163 fertilised pastures 105, 110, 114, 115 dugong (Dugong dugon) 48, 84, 177 fertilisers 61, 103, 105, 107, 108 dusky hopping mouse 47 field studies 161, 174 Dutton Park 125 financial incentives, habitat conservation and 118 Finland 123 East Australian Current 144 fire management 18, 45, 53, 57, 60, 62, 86, 105, 106, eastern Australia 23, 24, 44, 164, 170 172–4, 191, 194 eastern bristlebird 51 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) 27, 90 and 91–2, 93, 99, 102, 103–4 echinoderms 30 fire resilience 172 ecological calendar 88, 89 fish 41, 48, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 159 ecological capital 104 distribution patterns 142 ecological life support 5, 6, 8 introduced 164 ecological monitoring 51 fisheries management 144, 145, 172, 190 economic services and investment 5 flood management 126, 153, 154 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people floodplain eucalyptus 152 and 94–5 floodplains 154, 157, 158, 161, 162, 163 Ecosciences Precinct 125 flowering plants 41, 102 ecosystems 4, 8, 38–41, 62, 118, 145, 147–9, 194 flow variability 157 ecosystem services 6, 8, 9, 183, 186, 194 flux station buoy 141 education, environmental management and 94 flying-foxes 52 eels 84 food chain 4, 8, 9, 145, 148 electricity generation 131 food resources 110, 111, 149 elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) 140 footprint 130–1, 193, 194 emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) 60 forestry 40, 169 emu bush (Eremophila longifolia) 85 freckled duck (Stictonetta naevosa) 161 emu bush caterpillar 87 freshwater ecosystems 9, 26, 151–65 endangered species 41, 44, 45, 47, 56, 58, 65–6, 75, frogs 22, 33, 41, 153, 155 118, 123, 194 fuel load 173 endemic species 155–6, 180, 181, 194 fungi 41, 113 energy consumption 131 Environment Offsets Policy 176 galah (Eolophus roseicapillus) 109 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Galapagos Islands 20 Act 1999 (EPBC) 44, 51, 171, 176, 194 galls 35 environmental management Gamilaraary people 95 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people geckos 16 and 94 geese 84, 86 mining 169 genetic diversity 4, 7, 9, 58, 73, 145 Environmental Protection Authority (Victoria) 131 genetics 16, 38, 58, 149, 162 environmental values 3 genomics 138, 195 environmental water flows 78, 159, 160–1 GEOBON 53 Eocene Epoch 17 geological stability 102 epicormic resprouting 18 giant cuttlefish (Sepia apama) 34–5 erosion 9, 162, 163 giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) 25 estuaries 26 giant rush (Juncus ingens) 159, 164 Eucalyptus 17, 18, 23, 28, 38, 60, 107, 109, 110, 113, giant shark (Carcharodon
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