Word Order and Clitics in Bulgarian
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Comparing Bulgarian and Slovak Multext-East Morphology Tagset1
Comparing Bulgarian and Slovak Multext-East morphology tagset1 Ludmila Dimitrovaa), Radovan Garabíkb), Daniela Majchrákováb) a) Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected] b) Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Sciences 813 64 Bratislava, Slovakia [email protected], http://korpus.juls.savba.sk Abstract We analyse the differences between the Bulgarian and Slovak languages Multext-East morphology specifica- tion (MTE, 2004). The differences can be caused either by inherent language dissimilarities, different ways of analysing morphology categories or just by different use of MTE design guideline. We describe all the parts of speech in detail with emphasis on analysing the tagset differences. Keywords: Bulgarian, Slovak, grammatical category, morphology specification, morphology tagset Introduction The EC project MULTEXT Multilingual Tools and Corpora produced linguistics resources and a freely available set of tools that are extensible, coherent and language-independent, for seven Western European languages: English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Dutch, and Swedish (Ide, Veronis, 1994). The EC INCO-Copernicus project MULTEXT-East Multilingual Text Tools and Corpora for Central and Eastern European Languages is a continuation of the MULTEXT project. MULTEXT-East (MTE for short; Dimitrova et al., 1998) used methodologies and results of MULTEXT. MTE developed significant language resources for six Central and Eastern European (CEE) languages: Bulgarian, -
Affix Order and the Structure of the Slavic Word Stela Manova
9 Affix Order and the Structure of the Slavic Word Stela Manova 1. Introduction This article investigates the structural properties of the Slavic word in terms of affix ordering in three Slavic languages, the South Slavic Bulgarian, the East Slavic Rus- sian, and the West Slavic Polish and thus covers all three subgroups of the Slavic family.1 The discussion is with a focus on suffixation, in particular on suffixation in derivation.2 Recently much research has been carried out on affix ordering in lesser-studied languages; see the overviews in Manova and Aronoff (2010) and in Rice (2011). There has been much research on the ordering of the English derivational affixes as well, especially on the order of the suffixes, and a number of specific proposals have been formulated (in chronological order): level ordering or stratal approach (Siegel 1974; Allen 1978; Selkirk 1982; Kiparsky 1982, Mohanan 1986; Giegerich 1999); selectional restrictions (Fabb 1988; Plag 1996, 1999); the monosuffix constraint (Aronoff and Fuhrhop 2002), and the parsability hypothesis (Hay 2001, 2002, 2003) or com- plexity-based ordering (Plag 2002; Hay and Plag 2004; Plag and Baayen 2009). In this list of approaches, every following approach was formulated in response to its predecessor; that is, every following approach demonstrates that the predecessor 1The author was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), grant V64-G03, and the Eu- ropean Science Foundation (ESF), NetWordS-09-RNP-089 / Individual Grant 5566. Portions of this study were presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Slavic Linguistics Society, Chicago, October 2010; the Linguistic Seminars of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, December 2011; the Univer- sity of Sofia, March 2013; the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, May 2013; as well as within the CogSci Talk Series of the Research Platform Cognitive Science, University of Vienna, June 2013. -
Chapter 6 Mirativity and the Bulgarian Evidential System Elena Karagjosova Freie Universität Berlin
Chapter 6 Mirativity and the Bulgarian evidential system Elena Karagjosova Freie Universität Berlin This paper provides an account of the Bulgarian admirative construction andits place within the Bulgarian evidential system based on (i) new observations on the morphological, temporal, and evidential properties of the admirative, (ii) a criti- cal reexamination of existing approaches to the Bulgarian evidential system, and (iii) insights from a similar mirative construction in Spanish. I argue in particular that admirative sentences are assertions based on evidence of some sort (reporta- tive, inferential, or direct) which are contrasted against the set of beliefs held by the speaker up to the point of receiving the evidence; the speaker’s past beliefs entail a proposition that clashes with the assertion, triggering belief revision and resulting in a sense of surprise. I suggest an analysis of the admirative in terms of a mirative operator that captures the evidential, temporal, aspectual, and modal properties of the construction in a compositional fashion. The analysis suggests that although mirativity and evidentiality can be seen as separate semantic cate- gories, the Bulgarian admirative represents a cross-linguistically relevant case of a mirative extension of evidential verbal forms. Keywords: mirativity, evidentiality, fake past 1 Introduction The Bulgarian evidential system is an ongoing topic of discussion both withre- spect to its interpretation and its morphological buildup. In this paper, I focus on the currently poorly understood admirative construction. The analysis I present is based on largely unacknowledged observations and data involving the mor- phological structure, the syntactic environment, and the evidential meaning of the admirative. Elena Karagjosova. -
The Resources for Processing Bulgarian and Serbian – the Brief Overview of Their Completeness, Compatibility, and Similarities
The Resources for Processing Bulgarian and Serbian – the brief overview of their Completeness, Compatibility, and Similarities Svetla Koeva, Cvetana Krstev, Ivan Obradovi, Duško Vitas Department of Computational Faculty of Philology Faculty of Geology and Faculty of Mathematics Linguistics – IBL, BAS University of Belgrade Mining, U. of Belgrade University of Belgrade 52 Shipchenski prohod, Bl. 17 Studentski trg 3 ušina 7 Studentski trg 16 Sofia 1113 11000 Belgrade 11000 Belgrade 11000 Belgrade [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] furthermore presupposes the successful Abstract implementation in different application areas as cross- Some important and extensive language resources lingual information and knowledge management, have been developed for Bulgarian and Serbain cross-lingual content management and text data that have similar theoretical background and mining, cross-lingual information retrieval and structure. Some of them were developed as a part information extraction, multilingual summarization, of a concerted action (wordnet), the others were multilingual language generation etc. developed independently. The brief overview of these resources is presented in this paper, with the 2. Electronic dictionaries emphasis on the similarities and differences of the information presented in them. The special 2.1 Bulgarian Grammatical Dictionary attention is given to the similarities of problems The grammatical information included in the encountered in the course of their development. Bulgarian Grammatical Dictionary (BGD) is divided into three types [Koeva, 1998]: category information 1. Introduction that describes lemmas and indicates the words clustering into grammatical classes (Noun, Verb, Bulgarian and Serbian as Slavonic languages show Adjective, Pronoun, Numeral, and Other); similarities in their lexicons and grammatical paradigmatic information that also characterizes structures. -
Distributional Regularity of Cues Facilitates Gender Acquisition: a Contrastive Study of Two Closely Related Languages
Distributional Regularity of Cues Facilitates Gender Acquisition: A Contrastive Study of Two Closely Related Languages Tanya Ivanova-Sullivan and Irina A. Sekerina 1. Introduction Research on various languages and populations has highlighted the role of transparency that leads to perceptual salience in gender acquisition (Janssen, 2016; Kempe & Brooks, 2005; Mastropavlou & Tsimpli, 2011; Rodina, 2008; Rodina & Westergaard, 2017; Szagun, Stamper, Sondag, & Franik, 2007). Transparency is a gradient phenomenon that characterizes inflectional morphology in terms of the phonological regularity of stems or suffixes. Across gender-marked languages, such as Romance and Slavic, consistent associations between noun suffixes and gender classes “allow to set apart nouns where formal cues are highly predictive of the noun gender from nouns where gender cannot be recovered from the surface form.” (De Martino, Bracco, Postiglione, & Laudanna, 2017: 108). Studies show that learners make use of perceptual properties of noun suffixes that link items within a category and consistently identify words across different contexts as similar to one another (Reeder, Newport, & Aslin, 2013). For example, nouns ending in -a are transparent and typically categorized as feminine in Slavic and some Romance languages, such as Spanish and Italian. However, there are cases of mismatch between the phonological form of somenoun endingsand the abstract gender, thus making such endings less reliable for establishing form- meaning correlations. Despite the facilitatoryeffects of transparency ofgender-correlated noun endings in productionin various languages (Janssen, 2016; Paolieri, Lotto, Morales, Bajo, Cubelli, & Job, 2010; Rodina & Westergaard, 2017; Szagun et al., * This research was partially funded by the PSC-CUNY grant TRADB-48-172 awarded to Irina A. -
The Rise of Bulgarian Nationalism and Russia's Influence Upon It
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2014 The rise of Bulgarian nationalism and Russia's influence upon it. Lin Wenshuang University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Wenshuang, Lin, "The rise of Bulgarian nationalism and Russia's influence upon it." (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1548. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1548 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE RISE OF BULGARIAN NATIONALISM AND RUSSIA‘S INFLUENCE UPON IT by Lin Wenshuang B. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 1997 M. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 2002 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Humanities University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Lin Wenshuang All Rights Reserved THE RISE OF BULGARIAN NATIONALISM AND RUSSIA‘S INFLUENCE UPON IT by Lin Wenshuang B. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 1997 M. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 2002 A Dissertation Approved on April 1, 2014 By the following Dissertation Committee __________________________________ Prof. -
DEFACING AGREEMENT Bozhil Hristov University of Sofia
DEFACING AGREEMENT Bozhil Hristov University of Sofia Proceedings of the LFG13 Conference Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King (Editors) 2013 CSLI Publications http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/ Abstract This paper contributes to the debate over the number of features needed in order to offer an adequate analysis of agreement. Traditional grammar and some recent proposals, notably by Alsina and Arsenijevi ć (2012a, b, c), operate with two types – what is conventionally referred to as syntactic versus semantic agreement. Adopting Wechsler and Zlati ć’s (2000: 800, 2003, 2012) model, which envisages a division into three types of agreement (two syntactic ones, in addition to a separate, purely semantic feature), this paper argues that we need such a tripartition, because without it we cannot account for the facts in languages like Serbian/Croatian, English and Bulgarian. 1 Introduction 1 Traditional grammar has for a long time distinguished between so called syntactic (formal or grammatical) agreement/concord, (1), and semantic (or notional) agreement/concord, (2).2 (1) Even stage-shy, anti-industry Nirvana is on board. (COCA). (2) Nirvana are believed to be working on cover versions of several seminal punk tracks. (BNC) Some formal approaches, among them constraint-based ones, have called for at least three types of agreement (Wechsler and Zlati ć 2000: 800, 2003, 2012), as have researches with a more typological background (Corbett 1983a: 81, 1986: 1015). Recently there has been renewed interest in agreement features in the setting of constraint-based theories like LFG and HPSG, with some doubts expressed as to how many sets of features are really needed to account for agreement phenomena. -
Suffix Combinations in Bulgarian: Parsability and Hierarchy-Based Ordering
Suffix Combinations in Bulgarian: Parsability and Hierarchy-Based Ordering Stela Manova Department of Slavic Studies University of Vienna Universitätscampus AAKH Spitalgasse 2, Hof 3 A-1090 Vienna Austria Phone: +43-1-4277-42806 Fax: +43-1-4277-9428 Email: [email protected] URL: http://slawistik.univie.ac.at/mitarbeiter/manova-stela/ ; http://homepage.univie.ac.at/stela.manova/ Abstract This article extends the empirical scope of the most recent approach to affix ordering, the Parsability Hypothesis (Hay 2001, 2002, 2003) or Complexity-Based Ordering (CBO) (Plag 2002; Hay and Plag 2004; Plag and Baayen 2009), to the inflecting-fusional morphological type, as represented by the South Slavic language Bulgarian. In order to account properly for the structure of the Bulgarian word, I distinguish between suffixes that are in the derivational word slot and suffixes that are in the inflectional word slot and show that inflectional suffix combinations are more easily parsable than derivational suffix combinations. Derivational suffixes participate in mirror-image combinations of AB – BA type and can be also attached recursively. The order of 12 out of the 22 derivational suffixes under scrutiny in this article is thus incompatible with CBO. With respect to recursiveness and productivity, the Bulgarian word exhibits three domains of suffixation (in order of increasing productivity): 1) a non-diminutive derivational domain, where a suffix may attach recursively on non-adjacent cycles; 2) a diminutive domain, where a suffix may attach recursively on adjacent cycles; and 3) an inflectional domain, where a suffix never attaches recursively. Overall, the results of this study conform to the last revision of the Parsability Hypothesis (Baayen et al. -
Bulgarian Word Stress Analysis in the Frame of Prosody Morphology Interface
Bulgarian word stress analysis in the frame of prosody morphology interface 1. Previous analyses of Bulgarian stress 1.1. Early works 1.2. Basic works 1.3. Works of the last decades 2. Characteristics of Bulgarian lexical accent, accepted traditionally 2.1. Phonetic characteristics 2.2. Positional characteristics 2.3. Phonological features 3. Theoretical frame of the analysis 3.1. The lexical accent and the prosody morphology interface 3.2. Headedness 4. Metrical characteristics of Bulgarian lexical accent 4.1. Quantity sensitivity or Weight to Stress Principle (WSP) 4.2. Accent mobility and rhythmic organization 4.3. Unbounded stress system 4.4. Preferred, not preferred and missing positions of the word stress. Default accent. 4.4.1. Accentual patterns of masculine gender nouns 4.4.2. Accentual patterns of feminine gender nouns 4.4.3. Accentual patterns of neuter gender nouns with final vowel –e 5. Accentual specification of morphemes 5.1. Prefixes 5.2. Accentual specification of morphemes in non-derived words 5.2.1. Accentual specification of roots 5.2.1.1. Marked roots 5.2.1.1.1. Accented roots 5.2.1.1.2. Unaccentable or post-accented roots 5.2.1.1.3. Are there pre-accented roots? 5.2.1.2. Unmarked roots 5.2.2. Accent specification of inflectional suffixes in non-derived words: 5.2.2. 1. Unmarked inflectional suffixes 5.2.2. 2. Marked inflectional suffixes 5.2.2. 2.1.Accented inflectional suffixes 5.2.2. 2.2. Unaccentable inflectional suffixes 5.3. Accentual specification of morphemes in derivatives 5.3.1. -
Evidentiality and Mood: Grammatical Expressions of Epistemic Modality in Bulgarian
Evidentiality and mood: Grammatical expressions of epistemic modality in Bulgarian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements o the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Anastasia Smirnova, M.A. Graduate Program in Linguistics The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Brian Joseph, co-advisor Judith Tonhauser, co-advisor Craige Roberts Copyright by Anastasia Smirnova 2011 ABSTRACT This dissertation is a case study of two grammatical categories, evidentiality and mood. I argue that evidentiality and mood are grammatical expressions of epistemic modality and have an epistemic modal component as part of their meanings. While the empirical foundation for this work is data from Bulgarian, my analysis has a number of empirical and theoretical consequences for the previous work on evidentiality and mood in the formal semantics literature. Evidentiality is traditionally analyzed as a grammatical category that encodes information sources (Aikhenvald 2004). I show that the Bulgarian evidential has richer meaning: not only does it express information source, but also it has a temporal and a modal component. With respect to the information source, the Bulgarian evidential is compatible with a variety of evidential meanings, i.e. direct, inferential, and reportative, as long as the speaker has concrete perceivable evidence (as opposed to evidence based on a mental activity). With respect to epistemic commitment, the construction has different felicity conditions depending on the context: the speaker must be committed to the truth of the proposition in the scope of the evidential in a direct/inferential evidential context, but not in a reportative context. -
The Morphosyntax of Clitic Doubling
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title On the Mapping from Syntax to Morphophonology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/82m2c0fq Author Harizanov, Boris Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ ON THE MAPPING FROM SYNTAX TO MORPHOPHONOLOGY A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in LINGUISTICS by Boris Harizanov June The Dissertation of Boris Harizanov is approved: Professor Sandra Chung, Chair Professor Jorge Hankamer Professor James McCloskey Dean Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Boris Harizanov Contents Abbreviations vi Abstract vii Dedication ix Acknowledgments x Introduction . Overview ................................. . Theoretical background ........................ . Language background ......................... . Outline .................................. Clitic doubling . Types of clitic constructions ...................... .. Clitic doubling ......................... .. CLLD and CLRD ........................ . The status of the clitic doubled associate ............... .. Islandhood ........................... .. Case assignment ........................ .. Word order ........................... .. Summary ............................ . The status of the clitic–associate relation ............... .. Binding ............................ -
Lw/M 117 1 Macedonian
LW/M 117 1 MACEDONIAN Contents Abbreviations.................................................................................................. 3 0 Sociolinguistic and Geolinguistic Situation..................................................... 4 0.1 Geography.......................................................................................... 4 0.2 Terminology and History......................................................................... 4 0.3 Standardization..................................................................................... 5 0.4 Status................................................................................................ 6 0.5 Dialects.............................................................................................. 6 0.5.1 Major Isoglosses................................................................................... 6 0.5.2 Vocalic Inventories ................................................................................ 6 0.5.3 Prosody............................................................................................. 7 0.5.4 Morphology ........................................................................................ 7 0.6 Number of Speakers .............................................................................. 8 1 Phonology.......................................................................................... 8 1.1 Orthography........................................................................................ 8 1.2 Phonemic Inventory and Phonotactics