Hurricane Florence
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Hurricane and Tropical Storm
State of New Jersey 2014 Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 5. Risk Assessment 5.8 Hurricane and Tropical Storm 2014 Plan Update Changes The 2014 Plan Update includes tropical storms, hurricanes and storm surge in this hazard profile. In the 2011 HMP, storm surge was included in the flood hazard. The hazard profile has been significantly enhanced to include a detailed hazard description, location, extent, previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence, severity, warning time and secondary impacts. New and updated data and figures from ONJSC are incorporated. New and updated figures from other federal and state agencies are incorporated. Potential change in climate and its impacts on the flood hazard are discussed. The vulnerability assessment now directly follows the hazard profile. An exposure analysis of the population, general building stock, State-owned and leased buildings, critical facilities and infrastructure was conducted using best available SLOSH and storm surge data. Environmental impacts is a new subsection. 5.8.1 Profile Hazard Description A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2013a). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. -
Report of the Governor's Commission to Rebuild Texas
EYE OF THE STORM Report of the Governor’s Commission to Rebuild Texas John Sharp, Commissioner BOARD OF REGENTS Charles W. Schwartz, Chairman Elaine Mendoza, Vice Chairman Phil Adams Robert Albritton Anthony G. Buzbee Morris E. Foster Tim Leach William “Bill” Mahomes Cliff Thomas Ervin Bryant, Student Regent John Sharp, Chancellor NOVEMBER 2018 FOREWORD On September 1 of last year, as Hurricane Harvey began to break up, I traveled from College Station to Austin at the request of Governor Greg Abbott. The Governor asked me to become Commissioner of something he called the Governor’s Commission to Rebuild Texas. The Governor was direct about what he wanted from me and the new commission: “I want you to advocate for our communities, and make sure things get done without delay,” he said. I agreed to undertake this important assignment and set to work immediately. On September 7, the Governor issued a proclamation formally creating the commission, and soon after, the Governor and I began traveling throughout the affected areas seeing for ourselves the incredible destruction the storm inflicted Before the difficulties our communities faced on a swath of Texas larger than New Jersey. because of Harvey fade from memory, it is critical that Since then, my staff and I have worked alongside we examine what happened and how our preparation other state agencies, federal agencies and local for and response to future disasters can be improved. communities across the counties affected by Hurricane In this report, we try to create as clear a picture of Harvey to carry out the difficult process of recovery and Hurricane Harvey as possible. -
Hurricane Florence CDBG-DR Action Plan North Carolina Office of Recovery and Resiliency
Hurricane Florence CDBG-DR Action Plan North Carolina Office of Recovery and Resiliency February 7, 2020 Hurricane Florence CDBG-DR Action Plan State of North Carolina For CDBG-DR Funds (Public Law 115-254, Public Law 116-20) Hurricane Florence CDBG-DR Action Plan North Carolina Office of Recovery and Resiliency This page intentionally left blank. Hurricane Florence CDBG-DR Action Plan North Carolina Office of Recovery and Resiliency Revision History Version Date Description 1.0 February 7, 2020 Initial Action Plan i Hurricane Florence CDBG-DR Action Plan North Carolina Office of Recovery and Resiliency This page intentionally left blank. ii Hurricane Florence CDBG-DR Action Plan North Carolina Office of Recovery and Resiliency Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 1 2.0 Authority ...................................................................................................... 5 3.0 Recovery Needs Assessment ......................................................................... 7 3.1 Hurricane Florence ............................................................................................... 8 3.2 Summary of Immediate Disaster Impacts ............................................................ 13 3.3 Resilience Solutions and Mitigation Needs .......................................................... 20 3.4 Housing Impact Assessment ................................................................................ 21 3.5 HUD Designated -
NOM Technical Memorandum NWS HYDR0-21 STORM TIDE
NOM Technical Memorandum NWS HYDR0-21 STORM TIDE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS FOR THE COAST OF NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH OF CAPE LOOKOUT Francis P. Ho Robert J. Tracey Office of Hydrology Silver Spring, Md. May 1975 UNITED STATES /NATIONAL OCEANIC AND / National Weather DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Service Frederick B. Dent, Secretary Robert M. White. Administrator George P. Cressman, Director STORM TIDE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS FOR THE COAST OF NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH OF CAPE LOOKOUT Contents 1. Introduction. 1 1.1 Objective and scope.......................................... 1 1.2 Authorization................................................ 1 1. 3 Study method. 2 2. Summary of historical hurricanes.................................. 2 2.1 Hurricane tracks. 2 2. 2 Historical notes. 3 3. Climatology of hurricane characteristics .......................... 12 3.1 Frequency of hurricane tracks ................................ 13 3.2 Probability distribution of hurricane intensity .............. 13 3.3 Probability distribution of radius of maximum winds .......... 14 3.4 Probability distributions of speed and direction of forward motion............................................. 14 4. Hurricane surge ....·. 14 4. 1 Surge model. • . 14 4.2 Shoaling factor.............................................. 15 5. Tide frequency analysis by joint probability method.............. 16 5.1 The joint probability method................................ 16 5. 2 Astronomical tide. 23 5.3 Tide frequencies at selected points......................... 23 5.4 Adjustment along coast...................................... 24 5. 5 Reference datum. 24 5.6 Comparison of frequency curves with observed tides and high-water marks. 26 6. Relation of this report to disaster planning..................... 27 7. Coordination and comparison with other reports................... 27 References. • . 30 ii Tables Table no. 1. Hurricane and tropical storm parameters - Cape Fear, N.C. 17 2. Hurricane and tropical storm parameters - Wrightsville Beach, N.C . -
Richmond, VA Hurricanes
Hurricanes Influencing the Richmond Area Why should residents of the Middle Atlantic states be concerned about hurricanes during the coming hurricane season, which officially begins on June 1 and ends November 30? After all, the big ones don't seem to affect the region anymore. Consider the following: The last Category 2 hurricane to make landfall along the U.S. East Coast, north of Florida, was Isabel in 2003. The last Category 3 was Fran in 1996, and the last Category 4 was Hugo in 1989. Meanwhile, ten Category 2 or stronger storms have made landfall along the Gulf Coast between 2004 and 2008. Hurricane history suggests that the Mid-Atlantic's seeming immunity will change as soon as 2009. Hurricane Alley shifts. Past active hurricane cycles, typically lasting 25 to 30 years, have brought many destructive storms to the region, particularly to shore areas. Never before have so many people and so much property been at risk. Extensive coastal development and a rising sea make for increased vulnerability. A storm like the Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944, a powerful Category 3, would savage shorelines from North Carolina to New England. History suggests that such an event is due. Hurricane Hazel in 1954 came ashore in North Carolina as a Category 4 to directly slam the Mid-Atlantic region. It swirled hurricane-force winds along an interior track of 700 miles, through the Northeast and into Canada. More than 100 people died. Hazel-type wind events occur about every 50 years. Areas north of Florida are particularly susceptible to wind damage. -
Hurricane & Tropical Storm
5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard. -
Dear Investors As You May Might Have Heard from Different Media Outlets
Dear investors As you may might have heard from different media outlets, the east coast of the U.S. is facing a potential threat of landfall of the major hurricane named Florence in the coming days. The storm is currently about 385 miles/620 KM southwest of BERMUDA and about 625 miles/1005 KM southeast of Cape Fear North CAROLINA, moving to the direction of North and South Carolina. The intensity is currently Cat 4, with maximum sustained wind speed very close to 140 mph. As the storm moves to the coast, the wind will intensify to Cat 5 and maximum sustained winds can reach 155 mph. Timing is more difficult to predict now as many meteorologists suggest Florence will slow on approach to the coast, with a possible stalling that could exacerbate the impacts for the area it nears the shore. Catastrophe risk modeller RMS said, “Florence will be the strongest hurricane to make landfall over North Carolina since Hazel in 1954 – this would be a major event for the insurance industry. As with all hurricanes of this intensity, Florence poses significant impacts due to damaging hurricane-force winds and coastal storm surge, but inland flooding is becoming an increasing threat. Forecasts include the possibility of Florence slowing down after landfall and causing as much as 20 inches of rain in the Carolinas. While very significant, this remains much lower than the amount of rainfall observed last year during Hurricane Harvey.” Wind Florence is expected to make landfall as a hurricane between Cat 3 and Cat 4. The wind speed can reach 110-130 mph and central pressure is estimated 962mb. -
Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
FLORIDA HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS 1871-1995: An Historical Survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams '+wcCopy~~ I~BN 0-912747-08-0 Florida SeaGrant College is supported by award of the Office of Sea Grant, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce,grant number NA 36RG-0070, under provisions of the NationalSea Grant College and Programs Act of 1966. This information is published by the Sea Grant Extension Program which functionsas a coinponentof the Florida Cooperative Extension Service, John T. Woeste, Dean, in conducting Cooperative Extensionwork in Agriculture, Home Economics, and Marine Sciences,State of Florida, U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, U.S. Departmentof Commerce, and Boards of County Commissioners, cooperating.Printed and distributed in furtherance af the Actsof Congressof May 8 andJune 14, 1914.The Florida Sea Grant Collegeis an Equal Opportunity-AffirmativeAction employer authorizedto provide research, educational information and other servicesonly to individuals and institutions that function without regardto race,color, sex, age,handicap or nationalorigin. Coverphoto: Hank Brandli & Rob Downey LOANCOPY ONLY Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1871-1995: An Historical survey Fred Doehring, Iver W. Duedall, and John M. Williams Division of Marine and Environmental Systems, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, FL 32901 Technical Paper - 71 June 1994 $5.00 Copies may be obtained from: Florida Sea Grant College Program University of Florida Building 803 P.O. Box 110409 Gainesville, FL 32611-0409 904-392-2801 II Our friend andcolleague, Fred Doehringpictured below, died on January 5, 1993, before this manuscript was completed. Until his death, Fred had spent the last 18 months painstakingly researchingdata for this book. -
P1.14 the Spatial Patterns of Rainfall Produced by Hurricane Irene (2011) and Other Tropical Cyclones with Similar Tracks
P1.14 THE SPATIAL PATTERNS OF RAINFALL PRODUCED BY HURRICANE IRENE (2011) AND OTHER TROPICAL CYCLONES WITH SIMILAR TRACKS Corene J. Matyas * University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 1. INTRODUCTION However, isentropic uplift of the moist tropical air mass ahead of the storm center enhances Hurricane Irene was one of the most precipitation (Atallah et al. 2007; Jones et al. damaging tropical cyclones of the 2011 Atlantic 2003; Sinclair 2004). Interaction with topography Basin tropical cyclone season. Although some such as that which occurs near the Appalachian damage did occur from high winds and storm Mountains can also enhance TC precipitation surge, Irene produced record-breaking rainfall (Haggard et al. 1973; Sturdevant-Rees et al. across several locations in the mid-Atlantic and 2001). In less than 24 hours, 200-300 mm of northeastern U.S. The National Hurricane rain can fall from these transitioning systems Center (NHC) tropical cyclone report (Avila and (Jones et al. 2003), which can lead to flooding Cangialosi 2011) lists 399.8 mm (15.74 in) in and associated damage to property and life. Bayboro, North Carolina as the U.S. location This study utilizes a Geographic Information receiving the highest rainfall. The System (GIS) to characterize the spatial patterns Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC) of rainfall produced by Irene and to identify other (http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/tropical_ TCs taking similar tracks over the U.S. The advisories.php?storm=IRENE&adnum=37&dt=2 amounts and locations of the top 10% of rainfall 011082915&status=remnants) shows that totals are examined in relation to the storm track locations in eight states received more than 254 as well as latitude and longitude through the mm (10 in) of rainfall. -
Hurricanes of 1955 Gordon E
DECEMBEB1955 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 315 HURRICANES OF 1955 GORDON E. DUNN, WALTER R. DAVIS, AND PAUL L. MOORE Weather Bureau Offrce, Miami, Fla. 1. GENERAL SUMMARY grouping i,n theirpaths. Thethree hurricanes entering the United States all crossed the North Carolina coast There were 13 tropical storms in 1955, (fig. 9), of which within a 6-week period and three more crossed the Mexican 10 attained hurricane force, a number known to have been coast within 150 miles of Tampico within a period of 25 exceeded only once before when 11 hurricanes were re- days. corded in 1950. This compares with a normal of about The hurricane season of 1955 was the most disastrous 9.2 tropical storms and 5 of hurricane intensity. In con- in history and for the second consecutive year broke all trast to 1954, no hurricanes crossed the coastline north of previous records for damage. Hurricane Diane was Cape Hatteras andno hurricane winds were reported north undoubtedly the greatest natural catastrophe in the his- of that point. No tropical storm of hurricane intensity tory of the United Statesand earned the unenviable affected any portion of the United States coastline along distinction of “the first billion dollar hurricane”. While the Gulf of Mexico or in Florida for the second consecutive the WeatherBureau has conservatively estimated the year. Only one hurricane has affected Florida since 1950 direct damage from Diane at between $700,000,000 and and it was of little consequence. However, similar hurri- $800,000,000, indirect losses of wages, business earnings, cane-free periods have occurred before. -
Presentation Materials
Lessons Learned During the 2017-2018 Wind Hurricane Seasons That’s What Most Think About Daniel Brown National Hurricane Center Water U.S. Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Deaths What Most Do Not Consider 1963-2012 Water accounts for about 90% of the direct deaths Rain 27% Storm Surge 49% Surf 6% Offshore 6% Wind 8% Tornado 3% Other 1% Rappaport 2014 2017-18 Hurricane Seasons 2017 Records & Other Highlights 12 Tropical Storms and Hurricanes Affected the U.S. • Five category 5 landfalls – 4 by Irma in the Caribbean – 1 by Maria in the Caribbean • Costliest year on record for the US with $265 Billion in damage – 2nd (Harvey), 3rd (Maria) and 5th (Irma) costliest U.S. individual storms • Several hundred direct and indirect deaths in the US, but NONE known from storm surge 1 Harvey - $125 Billion Irma - $50 Billion 2018 Records & Other Highlights • TS Alberto struck the U.S. before the official start of the season • Gordon made landfall along the northern Gulf coast as a strong tropical storm Maria - $90 Billion United States Facts & Figures • Slow-moving Florence produced • More than $265 billion in damage record setting rainfall in the • Several hundred direct and Carolinas indirect deaths • Maria was the strongest hurricane • Michael (category 4) was the most- to make landfall in Puerto Rico intense Florida Panhandle landfall since 1928 on record • Historic rains from Harvey Florence - $24 Billion Michael - $25 Billion New GOES-16 Satellite Provided High-Resolution Images of Hurricane Harvey United States Facts & Figures • Florence produced more than 30 inches of rainfall in North Carolina breaking a state record set during Floyd (1999) • Michael had the 3rd lowest minimum pressure at landfall in the continental United States • Michael is the 4th strongest by maximum winds on record in the U.S. -
Investigating the Impact of High-Resolution Land–Sea Masks on Hurricane Forecasts in HWRF
atmosphere Article Investigating the Impact of High-Resolution Land–Sea Masks on Hurricane Forecasts in HWRF Zaizhong Ma 1,2,*, Bin Liu 1,2, Avichal Mehra 1, Ali Abdolali 1,2 , Andre van der Westhuysen 1,2, Saeed Moghimi 3,4 , Sergey Vinogradov 3, Zhan Zhang 1,2, Lin Zhu 1,2, Keqin Wu 1,2, Roshan Shrestha 1,2, Anil Kumar 1,2, Vijay Tallapragada 1 and Nicole Kurkowski 5 1 NWS/NCEP/Environmental Modeling Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), College Park, MD 20740, USA; [email protected] (B.L.); [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (A.v.d.W.); [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (V.T.) 2 I. M. Systems Group, Inc. (IMSG), Rockville, MD 20852, USA 3 NOAA Coast Survey Development Laboratory, National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (S.V.) 4 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA 5 NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) Office of Science and Technology Integration, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 June 2020; Accepted: 20 August 2020; Published: 22 August 2020 Abstract: Realistic wind information is critical for accurate forecasts of landfalling hurricanes. In order to provide more realistic near-surface wind forecasts of hurricanes over coastal regions, high-resolution land–sea masks are considered.