PAK-SCMS BULLETIN SATELLITE BASED CROP MONITORING SYSTEM Government of Pakistan Volume I, Issue 9 10-September-2011 Prelude: SUPARCO, the national space Crop Situation: August, 2011 agency, is interalia involved in monitoring of crops through use Summary of satellite remote sensing and GIS technologies. This work is The months of August and Septem- being carried out in collaboration ber are symbolized by peak vegeta- with Pakistan Meteorological tive growth and a photosynthetic Department and Provincial Crop activity of the highest order during the year. The Kharif crops grown Reporting Services. during this period include , , , fodders, vegetables, SUPARCO has developed tech- , pulses, oilseeds and a large niques and procedures for fast number of other minor crops. There track delivery of reliable and were wide spread rains in upper and reproducible information. lower reaches of the . The highest cumulative rain of 857 mm Inside this issue: was received in Mithi, from 1st August to 7th September 2011. Being Crop Situation August 1 located in the heart of , 2011 the rate of soil infiltration was very high. The rate of runoff water was Rainfall and Flash floods, 2 therefore minimal. About 26 stations 2011 in the country received more than Satellite Based Flood 200 mm cumulative rain, 10 stations Monitoring and Crop 3-4 more than 300 mm cumulative rain Damage Assessment and 6 stations more than 400 mm st cumulative rain during this period. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 31 August, 2011 Crop Situation 5 The major issue was downstream surface drainage needs of the province. A 4600 cusecs capacity Left Bank Normalized Difference overflow of rain water to low lying Outfall (LBOD) spinal drain was designed to deliver 2000 cusecs into Vegetation Index areas. Given the steep slopes in Khy- Shakoor Lake and the remaining 2600 cusecs to pass through Badin dis- 6-7 (NDVI): Growth Profile ber Pakhtunkhwa and , the trict into the Arabian Sea. The design of the drain does not accommodate at Divisional Level water gushed along the slopes into runoff water to find an inlet into LBOD. The rain water either overtops creeks and rivers in these provinces. the banks of the drain or farmers breach them to drain their field due to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index the disadvantage of lower riparian .This inundated large areas in Tando (NDVI): Growth Profile 8 In both of these provinces the pat- Muhammad Khan and Badin, displacing masses from rural Sindh. at Provincial level tern of flood is diverse than last year. Low level floods were observed in On cotton front, the arrivals increased tremendously during the month Vegetation Difference, the rivers of Chenab, Ravi and . August, 2011 9 of August. However, the levy of a 3.5 percent withholding tax under SRO A high tide of 70000 cusecs passed -1161 dated December 31, 2010 on phutti (seed cotton) flashed a contro- Temporal Vegetation 11- through Sutlej on 16-17 August and versy and brought a log jam on merchandizing of the commodity. To re- changes 12 about 82000 cusecs on 24-August solve this issue, the Government on August 13, 2011 announced that the 2011. The Daik and Pulkho brooks Agro-met Conditions 13 tax will be imposed on commission agents at 10 percent of the commis- outburst the banks in Punjab. Last sion rate and not on the farming community. The situation remained fluid, Water Supply year the floods mainly stretched leading to grid lock of trade activities in cotton sector causing alarm to Situation 14 along the banks of Swat, Kabul and growers. This issue was negotiated by PCGA with FBR on 23-August and Maximum Temperature: Indus rivers and the divisions of trade activities in this sector started next day. It was decided on 24- August, 2011 15 D.G.Khan, Larkana and Jafferabad August 2011 that in case the ginners make purchases of cotton from were affected. Daily Hydrological Status commission agents, it would be subjected to deduction of 10 percent of the commission. at Indus Basin: August 16 In Sindh, the situation was relatively 2011 discomforting and unmanageable. The In Sindh province, the stagnating runoff water resulted in damage of Fertilizer Situation 17 hammering rains continued shower- around 45.9 thousand ha area of cotton crop. The most awful situation ing up to first decadal of September. Field View of Crops: 01 was observed in Mirpurkhas although cotton crop was also affected in, September, 2011 18 The land surface gradient is usually Benazir Abad, Sanghar, Ghotki. Tando Muhammad khan, Tando Allah Yar horizontal in Sindh and is generally and other districts. Damage also accrued to rice crop on 32.4 thousand Kharif Forecast: 2011-12 19 slow to respond to surface and sub- ha in Sindh, mainly Badin, due to overtopping and submergence of rice

Crop Statistics 19 Pakistan Satellite based Crop Monitoring System Bulletin is a monthly publication of SUPARCO. Page 2 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN

However, the rice crop also benefitted from the rains and the losses in some districts are expected to be offset by gains in other areas. The overall impact on rice crop is expected to be positive.

The sugarcane crop is almost 11 month old in Sindh province and height of the crop flooding is 6-8 feet. Sugarcane is a water loving crop. Gen- erally sugarcane crop is not damaged by flash floods. Some damages can accrue by lodging and uprooting of the crop. However the sugarcane productivity is likely to increase due to availability of additional water from rains.

The Kharif vegetables are at fag end and major harvests have already been made. The damage on this account is therefore ignorable. The Rabi vegetables are being sown. In affected areas these vegetable may have to be re-sown. Sowing of onion and tomato nurseries may be affected and these nurseries may have to be re-sown. The chilies crop in Kunri may be affected by prolonged flooding.

Rainfall and Flash Floods 2011

The summer rainfall in Pakistan is generally, converged during the periods of July to September. The low pressures developed over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, are the main source of rain fall during this season. The highest rainfall of 857 mm in the country was recorded at Mithi in Sindh. In Punjab, the highest rainfall of the order of 438 mm was received in . About 13 stations in Punjab namely Bahawalnagar, Jhelum, Khanpur, Islamabad, Lahore, Mandi Bahu-din, Mangla, Murree, Noorpur Thal, Okara, , Sargodha and Sialkot received rainfall above 200 mm.

In Sindh, seven stations namely Badin, Chhor, Hyderabad, Mithi, Shaheed Benazirabad, Padidan and Mirpur Khas received rainfall above 200 mm. In KP, the highest rain fall of the order of 377 mm was received in Kohat. Five stations namely Balakot, Dir, Kakul, Kohat and Parachinnar received rainfall above 200 mm. In Balochistan the highest rainfall of the order of 208 mm was received in Kalat. This was the only station in Balochistan receiving rainfall to this level. The graphics are given below.

Volume I, Issue 9 Page 3

Satellite Based Flood Monitoring and Crop Damage Assessment

The daily mapping of the areas under rain water was carried out using MODIS sensors of medium resolution of 250 m. This was compared with the pre flood satellite imagery. For detailed demarcation of flood extent, fine resolution SPOT 5 satellite images were used. The agricultural area was estimated by overlaying mask over the flood extent map. For estimation of area under crops, the archived crop statistics were used to draw trend lines and to apportion fallow fields and areas under various crops.

Cotton is the most sensitive crop requiring 5 to 6 during the growth period. However it requires well drained and oxidized soil environment for its root system. The cotton crop under flood water for more than 4-5 days was taken as damaged. The rice crop has a foliar respiratory system that continues even under flooding so far water does not overtop the plants. This crop is about 2 feet high at an average at this stage. It is assumed that 50 percent of the flooded crop was subjected to deep inundation, submerging the plants , with ultimate irrevocable damage. The remaining 50 percent of the crop on peripheries of inundation, escaped damage. The Kharif fodders are relatively in better posi- tion as these are generally 4 to 6 feet high. The fodders are still useful as silage even if these dry up. Despite this, a loss of 50 percent has been assumed. Sugarcane is almost 11 month old crop and crop height at this stage is around 6 to 8 feet. In the light of experience of SUARCO sci- entists during the floods of 2010, it is forecasted that the sugarcane crop is not likely to be damaged by floods that are relatively placid than the high tide, high speed and ferocious Indus floods of last year.

Breaches in Drains & Canals

Several breaches in protective bunds of the canals have been noticed in Sindh province. The most prominent breaches were identified and de- lineated in district Badin, Mirpur Khas, UmerKot, Tando Muhammad Khan, Thatta, Tando Allah Yar and Sanghar.

Change detection based on multi-temporal and multi- resolution satellite imagery was used to ascertain the location of breaches, their sizes, and damage to other infrastructure. Various base layers such as settlements, irrigation network, roads, railway lines and bunds were overlaid on flood extent map for assessment of infrastructural damage and mapping.

Page 4 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN

Damage to Crops

The geographic area affected by rains and flash floods in Sindh up to 06 September 2011 was a little more than half a million ha. The agricul- tural area affected was about 0.28 million ha. The statistics as collected through satellite remote sensing are as follows.

Sindh: Area inundated by rain floods 2011

Geographic Area Agriculture Area Cropped Area Fallow Area

District 000 ha 000 ha 000 ha 000 ha

T.M.Khan 28.0 17.4 12.2 5.2

Badin 322.0 158.0 110.6 47.4

Thata 14.0 11.7 8.2 3.5

MirPurKhas 96.0 58.0 40.6 17.4

T.A.Yar 15.8 10.6 7.4 3.2

Umer Kot 26.7 17.2 12.0 5.2

Sanghar 15.6 8.3 5.8 2.5

Total 518.1 281.2 196.8 84.4

Note: The official land utilization statistics of Sindh released by erstwhile Ministry of Food and Agriculture (year 2010) shown that the cultivated area in Sindh is 4.89 million ha. The net sown area over a year is 2.81 million ha and fallow area is 2.08 million ha. The fallow area has been defined by MINFA as an agricultural area that was not cropped for current year. This almost makes a ratio of 60 % cropped area and 40 % fallow area. Based on experience, SUPARCO for this study, assumed a cropped area of 70% and fallow area of 30%. Other techniques have been described earlier .

The crops in Punjab, KP, and Balochistan generally remained free from the predicament of disaster. The major losses accrued in Sindh where intense rains concurrently with breaching drains and canals brought despondency and displacement. The crop damages accrued to mainly three crops viz. cotton ,rice and fodders. The cotton area affected is 45.9 thousand ha and production loss is estimated at mainly 0.341 mil- lion bales. The rice area damaged is estimated at 32.4 thousand ha and rice production loss is forecast at about 100 thousand tons. The sug- arcane crop was generally safe from any colossal loss. The Kharif vegetables have already been harvested. It is time to sow Rabi vegetables including onion, tomato, roots/leafy vegetables and a wide verity of other crops. The current rains may result in delay of the sowing time and some areas already sown may have to be re-sown. The rain will generally benefit the oil seed crops as rape seed and mustard, canola and others. The statistics of crop losses as determined by SUPARCO through satellite remote sensing are as follows. .

Sindh: Damaged to Crops by Rains Floods 2011 Cotton Rice Fodders District Area Yield Production Area Yield Production Area Yield Production Loss Loss loss Loss Loss loss Loss Loss loss 000 ha kg/ha 000 bales 000 ha kg/ha 000 tons 000 ha tons/ha 000 tons T.M.Khan 1.2 1430 9.8 2.1 3349 7.0 0.2 12.3 2.3 Badin 12.5 1508 111.3 27.5 3081 84.6 2.7 10.5 27.9 Thatta 0.1 1288 1.0 2.3 2989 7.0 0.2 10.9 2.1 Mirpur Khas 22.0 1153 149.2 0.3 2675 0.9 1.0 10.3 10.7 T.A.Yar 2.6 1376 21.3 0.0 0 0.0 0.4 11.7 4.2 Umer Kot 4.9 1015 29.2 0.0 0 0.0 0.6 9.1 5.3 Sanghar 2.5 1319 19.6 0.1 3005 0.4 0.1 13.5 1.6 Total 45.9 1264.5 341.4 32.4 3087 99.9 5.1 10.5 54.0

Volume I, Issue 9 Page 5 Crops Situation

Sugarcane, cotton, rice, maize, fodders, vegetables, fruits and spices are generally the major crops of Kharif season. The description of the important Kharif crops is as follows.

Cotton Crop

The picking of early sown cotton started in June and is continuing . The prices of phutti (seed cotton) dropped from Rs. 3500-4000 per 40 kg to Rs.2500 and above. This is an odd phenomenon for the month of July indicating a paradigm shift in advancing cotton growing season to February–March. The positive impact of this phenomenon is that this has elongated growing period of cotton. This has helped to (a) combat the vulnerability of cotton plants to cotton leaf curl virus in the hub of cotton growing areas of Sahiwal, and Divisions in Punjab and (b) increase crop productivity and profit margins at the farm. Concurrently, this has changed cotton- rotation to cotton- cotton cropping pattern abolishing wheat crop from the loop. This will have repercussions in the form of (a) affect on wheat crop produc- tion (b) provide continuity to insects almost along the year that will be a unfriendly environment for cotton growers in coming years.

A standoff between Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) and Pakistan Cotton Ginners’ Association (PCGA) on payment of 3.5 percent withhold- ing tax on procurement of phutti (seed cotton) plunged the sector into turmoil. A strike by PCGA almost crippled phutti (seed cotton) trade, with farmers’ phutti (seed cotton) stocks piling up and creating distasteful situation. This issue was resolved on 24-August 2011.The govern- ment has waived 3.5 per cent withholding tax deduction from cotton growers on purchases of raw cotton by the cotton ginners. The FBR decided to reduce five years time period for maintenance of tax records to one year for cotton ginners. The FBR has also withdrawn the deci- sion of declaring ginners as withholding tax collecting agents. The FBR has also decided that the compulsory provision for making payment through banking channel would not be applicable on growers. When cotton ginners will purchase raw cotton from the growers, they would not be subjected to 3.5 percent withholding tax. The commission agents carry out about 90 percent of cotton supply to ginning sector. In this case the purchase of cotton will be subjected to deduction of 10 percent of commission.

Sugarcane Crop

Sugarcane is a long gestation, hydrophilic, high input and management demanding, tropical crop. It has two sowing seasons viz. autumn sowing in Sindh and spring sowing in Punjab and KP. The crushing of cane usually starts during mid November and continues generally up to end February. There may be some exceptions on both extremities.

Rice Crop

Rice is an important component of food basket in the world including Pakistan. The aromatic basmati rice of Pakistan is a ceremonial dish in Pakistan and is an important source of foreign exchange earnings. Coarse /IRRI rice is generally grown in southern parts of the Indus plain including southern Punjab and right bank of Indus in Sindh. The induction of high yielding hybrid seeds from China is increasing growingly in recent years. The wide spread rains of monsoon have benefitted the crop. Some problem was observed in the coastal district of Badin and adjoining districts where overflowing drainage system outburst the brook causing damage to crops, settlements and infrastructure. This led to displacement of a large number of rural populations.

The rice crop is around 2 feet high. This is a water loving crop .Rice has a mechanism to uptake oxygen through stem/leaves and can with- stand continuous flooding conditions. The soil pH dynamics supports a neutral soil reaction around 6.8 to 7.2. This is useful phenomenon. In addition the solubility levels of heavy metals as iron and manganese increase manifold which are useful in the initial flooding period but subse- quently become some harmful due to toxicity brought about by activity of these cat ions. A drying of the rice fields after 5-6 weeks of flooding is generally is useful phenomenon and requirement in rice fields. The immediate damage that can be is when the crop is submerged under water and oxygen supply through foliar system is disrupted. The crop in such cases is generally damaged.

Maize

Maize is an important feed crop of Pakistan. Two crops are grown in the country viz. spring and autumn spring crop is mainly confined to central Punjab. It is sown by hybrid seeds that is demanding in investment, farm management and farm inputs. Such a management environ- ment is not conducive for barani areas, mainly because of lack of adequate soil moisture. This crop is therefore confined to irrigated areas. The autumn crop is mainly grown in barani areas that are devoid of irrigation. This crop is generally sown by synthetic seeds. The productivity of spring crop is around 08 tons per ha on average and autumn crop is about 2 tons per ha. The early crop has completed tasseling and late crop is at pre tasseling stage. Page 6 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Crop Growth Profile at Divisional Level

SUPARCO is continuously acquiring MODIS 250 m resolution data on daily basis and SPOT VGT data on 10 daily basis to assess crop growth. SPOT-5 high resolution data are being gathered during each cropping season to assess landcover surface and temporal changes in image classification. The graphs depicting temporal changes for various regions are as follows: Volume I, Issue 9 Page 7

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Crop Growth Profile at Divisional Level Page 8 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Crop Growth Profile at Provincial Level Volume I, Issue 9 Page 9 Vegetation Indices Changes in August, 2011:

Vegetation Indices Changes in August 2010 and 2011:

Satellite Imagery: SPOT VGT 1000m Page 10 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN Temporal change: Rice in Kallar Tract, Punjab:

Temporal change: Rice & Maize in Sahiwal Division, Punjab:

Rice Maize Rice Maize

Rice Rice

Fallow/Land preparation Sowing Active Growth Maturity Satellite Imagery: MODIS 250m Volume I, Issue 9 Page 11 Temporal change: Rice 2010 and 2011 in , Sindh

Temporal change: Rice in the Indus delta, Sindh

Temporal change: Cotton in Punjab

Fallow/Land preparation Sowing Active Growth Maturity Satellite Imagery: MODIS 250m Page 12 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN Temporal change: Cotton in Sindh

Temporal Change: Sugarcane in Peshawar Valley,

Temporal change: Rice in Pat Feeder Area of Balochistan

Fallow/Land preparation Sowing Active Growth Maturity Satellite Imagery: MODIS 250m Volume I, Issue 9 Page 13 Agro-Met Conditions:

The temperature regimes and the diurnal variations are highly important for agriculture sector particularly the crops. The temperature start rising in February and generally reach a peak in June. Thereafter the temperature subside with the onset of moon soon. The plant breeders have now inducted heat tolerant genes in various crop plants to sustain growth and reproductive process covering flowering and fruit forma- tion to classical crops include spring maize and cotton crops. In addition scientist are working with consulted efforts to study behavior of tem- perature regimes on the process of evapo-transpiration to minimize water stress in field crops. The rainfall and temperature patterns for month of August 2011 are given below.

Monthly Cumulative Precipitation:

August 2010 August 2011

Monthly Temperature: August, 2011

Maximum Temperature Minimum Temperature

Irrigation Water Supply Situation :

The irrigation water supplies during April-May 2011 were early and at an enhanced rate for Punjab and Sindh provinces. This facilitated sowing of cotton crop in Punjab and Sindh that continued up to the month of June. The sowing of coarse rice also started during last decadal of June in Punjab, Sindh, KP and Balochistan. At end of August 2011, the water supplies have in general, improved during Kharif 2011-12 as compared to the previous Kharif season. The incremental water supply was about 28% in Punjab viz. 13% in Jhelum-Chenab Zone and about 47% in Indus Zone. In Sindh, the incremental water supply was 20% and in Balochistan 59%. The water supplies in KP suffered, because of disrupted irriga- tion water supply system. Page 14 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN Irrigation Water Supply Situation : The irrigation statistics are as follows:

Month Year Punjab Sindh KP Balochistan Total Jhelum- Indus Total Chenab Million Acre Feet

2011 1.783 1.313 3.096 1.753 0.139 0.000 4.989 Apr 2010 1.156 1.016 2.172 1.426 0.186 0.000 3.785 % change 54.20 29.30 42.56 22.95 -25.53 0.00 31.81 2011 2.974 3.159 6.133 3.101 0.187 0.112 9.533

Kharif2011 May 2010 2.502 2.284 4.785 2.303 0.226 0.081 7.395

% change 18.88 38.32 28.16 34.65 -17.14 38.73 28.91 2011 3.277 3.574 6.851 5.534 0.186 0.419 12.990 Jun 2010 3.142 2.622 5.764 4.132 0.180 0.395 10.469 - 12 % change 4.29 36.31 18.86 33.94 3.30 6.03 24.08 2011 3.402 3.629 7.031 6.980 0.183 0.552 14.746

Jul 2010 3.267 3.167 6.434 7.008 0.162 0.483 14.088 % change 4.13 14.59 9.28 -0.40 12.59 14.20 4.67 2011 3.201 3.445 6.645 4.628 0.155 0.508 11.937 Aug 2010 2.914 1.199 4.113 3.413 0.000 0.043 7.569 % change 9.83 187.23 61.55 35.60 0.00 1091.16 57.70

Total 2011 14.636 15.120 29.756 21.997 0.850 1.591 54.195 2010 12.981 10.288 23.269 18.282 0.755 1.002 43.305 % change 12.75 46.97 27.88 20.32 12.64 58.81 25.15 Note: In view of infinitesimally small values of irrigation water for the month of August for KP and Balochistan , The % change has been reported at naught.

Volume I, Issue 9 Page 15 Maximum Temperature: August, 2011

The ranges of maximum temperatures during August were as follows: Page 16 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN Daily Hydrological Status at Indus Basin: August, 2011 SUPARCO is closely monitoring hydrological status at Indus basin and water reservoirs capacity. With onset of Monsoon, the reservoirs capac- ity has started building up. At the end of August, the water level in Tarbela was 1550.0 feet above mean sea level (amsl) and Mangla was 1206.25 feet.

Reservoir Level (feet) above mean sea Level on the date of Reservoir Maximum August 1, 2011 August 11, 2011 August 21, 2011 August 31, 2011 Potential Tarbela 1489.84 1514.58 1538.68 1550.00 1550 Mangla 1195.95 1198.85 1202.10 1206.25 1210 The inflows at RIM stations in Indus and other rivers are as follows: AUGUST 2011: Daily River Water Inflow (000 cusecs) Date Indus at Indus at Indus at Jhelum at Chenab at Kabul at Tarbela Chashma Taunsa Mangla Marala Nowshera

1 190.6 193.0 185.5 21.7 58.5 38.2 2 175.1 197.2 180.2 20.4 54.7 34.6 3 167.3 195.1 180.2 20.4 54.7 31.7 4 166.4 189.3 180.2 20.4 54.7 30.6 5 172.9 189.8 184.8 23.0 58.5 31.3 6 182.0 197.0 178.0 20.0 55.0 42.0 7 196.0 205.0 175.0 20.0 59.0 40.0 8 211.6 199.1 170.2 34.0 90.2 39.4 9 223.9 196.2 175.0 21.8 79.5 47.0 10 229.6 196.8 170.2 23.2 64.4 45.0 11 232.3 190.0 166.8 24.5 58.9 43.3 12 233.8 182.6 168.5 27.3 85.3 42.8 13 227.7 190.0 161.5 38.3 137.6 52.9 14 210.8 190.4 169.9 28.4 97.5 47.4 15 193.9 190.8 178.2 18.5 57.3 41.8 16 170.5 170.0 193.3 19.9 52.6 38.8 17 147.0 163.9 187.3 22.0 50.7 35.3 18 142.8 145.2 153.7 20.7 52.7 35.9 19 139.9 130.9 148.9 19.1 52.7 34.8 20 137.2 122.6 123.8 25.5 54.6 34.6 21 134.7 117.7 126.2 22.6 50.7 34.4 22 132.1 112.8 128.6 19.6 46.7 34.1 23 142.2 112.8 119.2 19.6 59.5 32.5 25 182.2 126.8 121.1 29.8 85.3 35.6 26 202.2 171.7 124.6 36.4 62.3 43.7 27 207.2 207.3 135.0 21.9 63.6 44.0 28 212.0 200.0 135.0 25.0 75.0 39.0 29 221.4 229.4 150.1 38.6 70.8 52.0 30 209.7 258.5 187.7 23.2 61.6 50.0 31 180.0 236.5 212.9 21.5 58.0 36.6 Condition No Flood No Flood No Flood No Flood No Flood No Flood

Source: Punjab Irrigation Department, Lahore Volume I, Issue 9 Page 17 Fertilizer Situation

The urea off take during Kharif 2011 during April to July was 1933 thousand tons, showing a decrease of 10.1 percent. The DAP off take was 284 thousand tons during Kharif 2011 against 179 thousand tons during Kharif 2010. This indicates a change of 72.5%.

2011-12 2010-2011 % Change Month Nitrogen Phosphate Potash Nitrogen Phosphate Potash Nitrogen Phosphate Potash April 252.7 33.1 2.8 229.6 15.9 1.7 10.1 108.2 64.7 May 252.2 25.8 1.3 299.5 33.1 2.9 -15.8 -22.1 -55.2 June 257.4 41.9 1.4 299.9 30.7 2.3 -14.2 36.5 -39.1 July 272.8 78.1 3.1 270.7 30.7 2.5 0.8 154.4 24.0 August 237.2 41.3 2.2 160 29.3 2.1 48.3 41.0 4.8 Total 1272.3 220.2 10.8 1259.7 139.7 11.5 1.0 57.6 -6.1

The indigenous manufacturing of fertilizers is under pressure due to gas load shedding. The fertilizer plants in private sector are receiving gas supply at 80% of their requirement. These underutilized capacity is forcing the plant operations to recoup their losses by increasing prices. Page 18 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN Field View of Crops: 01 September, 2011

Cotton crop damaged by rain water at Badin Rice crop submerged by rain water at Badin IDP camps at Badin

Cotton damage in Chotti Kalanjar, Kasur Orchard inundated in village Chotti, Kasur Flood Affected area of village Fattiwala, Kasur

Maize crop at Sahiwal Sugarcane crop at Cotton mealy bug attack at Chichawatni

Okra crop at fruiting at Kasowal, sahiwal Citirus at fruiting Cucumber at flowering at Mian Channu Page 19 PAK-SCMS BULLETIN NEWS/UPCOMING Kharif Forecast 2011-12 EVENTS:

The crop forecast of cotton, sugarcane, rice and autumn maize for the year 2011-12 as follows:- 1 . COMMUNICATION SATELLITE PAKSAT - 1 R Cotton Crop Forecast 2011-12 LAUNCED.

Production PAKISTAN SUCCESSFULLY Province LAUNCHED A COMMUNICATION (000 bales) SATELLITE PAKSAT-1R, ON 11- AUGUST-2011 FROM CHINA. ITS Punjab 8967.5 FOOT-PRINTS COVERS PARTS OF EUROPE, , MIDDLE EAST, Sindh 4433.8 CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS, FAR EAST AND CHINA. Total 13401.3 COMMUNICATION SATELLITE PLAYS A PIVOTAL ROLE IN MEETING THE COMMUNICATION Sugarcane Crop Forecast 2011-12 REQUIREMNETS OF A COUNTRY. IT ALSO PROVIDES A COMMUNICATION OUT-REACH Province Production TO ALL THE AREAS WITHIN ITS FOOT-PRINT. Pakistan 53886 PAKSAT–1R WITH ITS THIRTY TRONSPONDERS PROVIDE AN Punjab 35370 OPPORTUNITY FOR THE USERS Sindh 14016 IN PAKISTAN (PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTORS ALIKE) TO Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 4500 BENEFIT FROM SATELLITE AND PROMOTE SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRY.

Rice Crop Forecast 2011-12 THE SATELLITE IS EXPECTED TO START COMMERCIAL Basmati Rice IRRI Rice Total Rice OPERATIONS BY END OCTOBER/ Province (Production) (Production) (Production) EARLY NOVEMBER 2011.

(million tons) (million tons) (million tons) Punjab 2.711 1.148 3.859 Sindh 0.123 2.402 2.525

KP 0.030 0.101 0.131 Balochistan 0.136 0.514 0.650 Total 3.000 4.165 7.165

Autumn Maize Crop Forecast 2011-12 Production Province (000 tons)

Pakistan 2737.03 Punjab 1982.43

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 754.6

Pakistan Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission SPARCENT, Islamabad, Main Islamabad Highway 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel.: (+92) 51 4611792 Fax: (+92) 51 4611796 E-mail: sgs@ suparco.net.pk http://www.suparco.gov.pk http://www.suparco.gov.pk/pages/pak-scms.asp