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[-~~~~-Т Ь E C~IA~A N D D R U G S~~~~--J Editorial INFORМAТION BШ,I:EТIN Number 28 $5.00 [-~~~~-т_ь_e_C~IA~a_n_d_D_r_u_g_s~~~~--J Editorial It is clearly appropriate, once again, to underScore the Drug ·тesting, CBW, alid AIJ)S enormity of the CIA' s. sordid role in the world of drug traffick­ Тhе CIA does not just run drugs; it tests them on people as ing. As we show in this issue, the CIA has been, from its in­ well. In this issue we review some of the more notorious ception, а major source of opium, heroin, and now crack. aspects of such programs, including an update on the history Revelations that the planes which fly weapons .to the anti­ of U.S. involvement in chemical-Ьiological warfare research Sandinista contras in Honduras and Costa Rica return filled and development. with drugs, may-if they are allowed to Ье fully explored-yet It is that work which leads to the special section of this " shock the conscience of an American people numЬed Ьу а dec­ issue (to Ье continued in the next), on AIDS. А numЬer of re­ ade of equally incrediЫe revelations. searchers have raised the possibllity that this dread epidemic СА/В has also leamed that the CIA is receiving assistance is the result, either intended or accidental, of such CBW work. in its Central American drug operations from an old ally, the Because we believe that the AIDS crisis is of profound im­ mafia, which, after all, has been in the business since before portance, we are puЫishing this material which reviews all of the CIA existed. We hope to have this report in our next issue. the theories under consideration. Тhere is no smoking gun Getting the infonnation to the puЫic may not Ье easy, as а here; indeed the "experts" cannot agree on what causes AIDS, recent Village Voice report details. Efforts Ьу the office of the much less on how it works. But tЬе evidence is very strong U.S. Attomey in Miami and Ьу the staff of Senator John Кепу that nature alone is not responsiЫe. (Dem.-Mass.) to probe contra drug running have been con­ tinually stymied Ьу ait administration, and its congressional Last Issue backers, desperate to avoid the tamish such investigations It was pure coincidence that our l~st issue, on the Religious 'will give to the image oftheir "freedom fighters." Right, hit the stands as the Jim and Tammy Bakker scandal Indeed, the efforts to discredit Sen. Кепу are monumental, broke. What is deliЬerate, however, is the way the media's ranging fr()m а back-stabblng committee staff member to un­ coverage of the exposes concentrated on sexual and financial lawful interference with grand juries to disinformation cam~ shenahigans alone, virtually ignoring the deep ties of the paigns in the media. Pressure on the TV networks has led to religious ideologues to the contras and the Oliver North supply orders to coпespondents not to cove:i: the wщk of Кепу's network, to prominent U.S. govemment officials, and to ex­ subcommittee, and one, which ran the first of а three-part treme rightwing groups around the world. · • series on contra drug srnuggling, abruptly canceled the other parts and fired its researcher. The cover-up is extensive. ТаЫе of Contents Editorial 2 Drugs, Politics,.and Disinformation Running Drugs and Secret Wars Ву Richard Hatch 23 Ву David Truong D.H. 3 Lest We Forget The Australian Heroin Connection Ву Louis Wolf 28 Ву Jепу Meldon 6 Mind Control in Canada Nugan Hand Drug Clients Ву Ken Lawrence 29 Ву Henrik Кriiger 9 Chemical-Biological Wanare Afghan Rebels and Drugs Ву Robert Ledc;:rer 33 Ву William Vomberger 11 The Origin and Spread of AIDS The Cocaine Connection Ву RoЬert Lederer 43 Ву Vince Вielski and Dennis Bernstein 13 Is AIDS Non-lnfectious? Who Deals Drugs? Ву Nathaniel S. Lehrman 55 Ву Roman Berger 17 Deltagate Doc-u-drama 19 Ву Ellen Ray and William Schaap 68 Cover: Veteran and gay activist Lеошщ\ Matlovith, who has AIDS, Ьeing arrested at Washington rally Ьу rubber-gloved police officer, June 1, 1987. Credit: Jose R. Lopez, New York Times. CovertAction Jnformation Bulletin, NumЬer 28, Summer 1987; puЫished Ьу Covert Action PuЫications, Inc., а District of ColumЬia Nonprofit Corporation; Post Office J3ox 50272, Washingtol), DC 20004, (202) 737-5317, and с/о Institute for Media Anцlysis, Inc., 145 West 4th Streёt, New York, NY 10012 (212) 254-1061. Typeset Ьу CAJB, printed Ьу Faculty Press, J3r0oklyn, NY. Staff: Ellen Ray, William Schaap, Louis Wolf, and William VomЬerger. Indexed in the Alternative Press /ndex. ISSN 0275-309Х. 2 CovertAction Nщnber 28 (Summer 1987) Running Drug-s~ and·~:secret .Wars ·ву David. Truon~' D~H. *. >. World War 11 had barely ended when major· westem powers Ci~1~ ·Air·Transport (САТ), American intelligence's first scramЫed to i;-eas&ert cpntiol over~ their fqщier. colonies. Asia proprietary airline in the Far East! flew cliщdestine missions was one region w~~ie fI;flllce, England; and'.'ihe U.S. reached and dfop~ fщ the·OPC and late~, for.the CIA throughout In­ understanding aboii(theit 'tёspective spheres i>f influence. In doc;hiЦa;-Тhailand, Вщmа and soiltherii aA(i·eastem China. In September 1945, '~... ,<-· • <;е .sought to reestiiьнsh her rule over early February i95J ,:t!ie' СЦ\ injti.ii.ted bperation PAPER, the Indochina and·e· . 'PJrii}t!coloIJies wh~te-sh~ had been un­ fпst ma]or paiщllffitary <Jpeiatiol{ in. that part of Southeast ceremoniously\t}. · - ··:· tC?~ Ьу the ·Axis· powe~. With British Asia. It involved thb. invasion of Yunnan province, southem assistance, an · · th,enec;t·by Ч'rui:nan~s .policy against China,, Ъr some 4,000' Kuomintang 'tro6ps based in Mong independencel .; tS.' in;Jhdochina. thё, Ftёnch returned to Hsat, Burina.5· кмt General" Li Mi's froops met defeat and Indochina to J:jeg dis'astr0ш1;nine~year war against the were driver{back to Burma; witli' continued CIA assistance, Viet Minh, VittП.~::~··,; "~ - ~9iiing }n.depen,~tшce movement. the КМТ agMii tned twice t6 invade Yunnan province before In exchangeJQr';F~i;i.c. pf>ort.of America"s Marshall Plan retrenching itself in the tetritory of th~ Shah States in Burma. 6 and anticomrn~1.s!~.Qperil :ьns .throughout•Eurppe, the United In the decades that followed, Thailand Ьесаmе the launching States contributed'tь Ftarice;s reconquest ofindochina. Ву the pad fol'the:inultiiude o:i'U.S. covert operations against China. time of the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the U.S. Тhroughout "the 196Q~ ,and "early 1970s, as the U.S. increased had spent $3.5 Ьillion, or seventy-five percerit of Freneh \.vir its role in Laos and South Vietnam, the Agency developed its costs in Indochina. Nevertheless, throughout the war, the Тhai-based ,cov~rt', parainilitaiy prograins agairist Indoc;hina ~~цф found themselves shщt of fцnds .to finance. their covert and the'rest'of Southeast Asia:. · o~@tions against the Viet Min,h. Тhus in 1951, the french This· fheater of cJnщfestine operations was also а major · ii:Щii~grnce,service, SDECE (Service de Docи'[llef}ta.tion ~xte­ opiunr. gtowing. t;egion, stret~i'iing· from southem Yunniin to r;fe.µr~~ et d,u Cqntre-Espionage); and its covert, operatiqns neighboring Burma's Shan states. nortl:iem Thailand, · and "Ь~<;р. Service <Action, took ov.er the enormous '()pium trade northem Laos:" lt'was comhlЬniy·known as the "Goldei1 in Frencti lndochina. 1 · Tri11Пg1e,·; "to (>pium· iщd ·heroir:i traffickers, and was the souree Кnown as the "@piui;n .Mopo_pqly,".·~e op-ium trade was of }О ·percent of ·the world's op:lurn· productl.on' in th"e early firSt estaЫished Ъy<Jhe Frenc·ь in· the. .1880s to finance their l 910s: ,:Гоdау, :Ще .~~iden _Trial'l"~e. stili pro?uces at I~ii:st 90 colonial rule over·Indochina.2 Service d''/\'~tion.had dubbed its tol)S per year of heroш destшed for the Amencan market. 7 opium-financed·s~Щ:et war "Operation Х~;·;~;"ТЬе operation in­ ТЬ:е CIA~backed КМТ troops settled in Burma after World volved French-trained commandos i'nade i.tp- of Hmong and W a:r. Ц' Щid, control1e~ tЬе opiщn traffic for buyers in northem other tribesm:eit to Ье sent into action 'against Viet Minh Тhaiiana аЦd Bangkok. Froпi 1948 on, American intelligerice strongholds and а distribution network 6f French-sponsored activities in the Golgёn 'Triangle were intertwined with the local pirates who ran hundreds of opium d~ns throughout opium' trade~ Infiltr~tion 'routes for CIA commando teams into Vietnam and Laos. Operation Х iщ:luded а supporting cast of. southem China were also used as drug smuggling routes for Corsican undeJworld characters and.:their small airline, "Air traffickers in Burma and Тhailand. Local Shan tribesmen pro­ Opjum," shuttHrig drug·;cщgos bet\!Veen Laos and Vietnam. vided the guides ·10 both the Agency's teams and opium Тhе Corsicans'nad~H~s·":wjtl} th~ir еqшЩ~. ~nterprising col­ carav~s near the Britma-Chinese border. And the Agency had leagues in France. in post-war metropolitan France the CIA mainЩin~d 'fiy~ .~cret tfaining cainps and two key listening had made its own alliance with the Corsican undeтWorld. in its posts_jn ilie Shari state~ protected· Ьу its drug''smuggling КМТ program to neutralize'the influence ofFrench Communist.~ade troops arid'local mbesniёn. 8 . ' . 4 unюns. , . · . Тhaiiarid was ы course а major opium Ii1arketplace at the tip J~щirig th~ sa;Iite ~riod,.in neighЬoring T.hailand, the U.S. of the Gold~!l .rri~gle. The military cliques of strongmen lia4.
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