DOCSLIB.ORG

2013 07 29 IMRE Journal New Rare Earth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2013 07 29 IMRE Journal New Rare Earth The IMRE Journal Volume 7 (2) 2013 2013. TU Bergakademie Freiberg http://tu-freiberg.de/fakultaet6/imre/ ProduProductionction Process and Recycling of RRareare Earth EElementslements Jan C. Bongaerts Abstract TU Bergakademie Freiberg Correspondance: Technological innovations resulted in manifold applications using rare Prof. Dr. Jan C. Bongaerts earths which lead to a dramatic increase in their demand. Rare earths are a TU Bergakademie Freberg relatively abundant group of 17 rare earth elements (REEs) including the Lessingstrasse 45. 15 lanthanide elements, scandium and yttrium. 09599 Freiberg Germany Given their relative abundance in the earth’s crust, however, they seldom e-mail : occur in concentrated forms in economically exploitable ore deposits. The [email protected] production can be technically challenging and require s substantial and dedicated mineralogical, ch emical and processing expertise. Furthermore, Jiangxue Liu the chemical extraction processes have generated severe environmental problems. TU Bergakademie Freiberg The paper deals with the production process and the recycling of REEs. Correspondance: First, an introduction to rare earths, mineralogy and depo sits is presented. Jiangxue Liu Then, a description of the production process from mining to separation TU Bergakademie Freberg and the environmental risks during the process are given. Next, the Lessingstrasse 45. 09599 Freiberg recycling of REEs is covered. Germany e-mail : [email protected] Keywords : Rare earths mining, processing, separation, recycling. Introduction Rare earth elements (REEs) include 15 lanthanide elements (Z = 57 through 71). Scandium (Z = 21) and yttrium (Z = 39) are considered REEs as they have similar chemical and physical properties. The lanthanides are commonly divided into the light rare earth elements (LREE) – lanthanum through to europium, and heavy rare earth elements (HREE) – gadolinium through to lutetium (Table 1). Revised: 27.06.2013 Online Publication Date: 01.08.2013 Page 2 Production process and recycling of Jan Bongaerts, Jiangxue Liu Rare earth Elements Table 1: REEs, atomic numbers and abundances & Krishnamurthy, 2005). Ion adsorption clays or Lateritic are known from Southern China. With up to Element Symbol Atomic Atomic Density Melting Relative 60% of REO content in these clays, ion-adsorbed clays number weight (gcm -3) Point abundan (°C) ce (ppm) are a very important source of HREE. Scandium Sc 21 44,95 2,989 1541 -- Yttrium Y 39 88,90 4,469 1522 22/29 Rare earths are considered indispensable in modern Lanthanum La 57 138,90 6,146 918 30/29 industry because of their unique physicochemical Cerium Ce 58 140,11 8,160 798 64/70 properties. They are extensively used in new materials, Praseodymium Pr 59 140,90 6,773 931 7,1/9 energy conservation, environmental protection and IT Neodymium Nd 60 144,24 7,008 1021 26/37 devices as well as in military weapon systems. They Promethium Pm 61 145,00 7,264 1042 Na have also significantly contributed to the Samarium Sm 62 150,36 7,520 1074 4,5 miniaturization of electronic components, as used for Europium Eu 63 151,96 5,244 822 0,88 cell phones and laptop computers. Rare earths are Gadolinium Gd 64 157,25 7,901 1313 3,8/8 essential for green technologies such as wind powered Terbium Tb 65 158,92 8,230 1356 0,64 turbines. They are widely applied in the automotive Dysprosium Dy 66 162,50 8,551 1412 3,5/5 industry for catalysts, hybrid vehicle batteries, motors Holmium Ho 67 164,93 8,795 1474 0,8 and generators, etc. (Hurst, 2010). Figure 1 illustrates Erbium Er 68 167,26 9,066 1529 2,3/3,3 the major REE applications: Thulium Tm 69 168,93 9,321 1545 0,33 Ytterbium Yb 70 173,04 6,966 819 2,2 Lutetium Lu 71 174,97 9,841 1663 0,32 Source: Taylor and McClennan 1985 Na = not available Rare earths are moderately abundant in the earth’s crust, some even more than copper, lead, gold, and platinum (Harben 2002; USGS 2002). The relative abundance of individual REEs varies widely, from cerium being the most abundant at 64 ppm, to lutetium with a concentration of 0.3 ppm (Taylor and McLennan, 1985). REEs do not occur naturally as metallic elements, but mostly as rare earth oxides (REO) or other combinations due to their strong affinity for oxygen. An Figure 1 – Major Rare Earth Applications (Öko Institut e.V., 2010) exception is promethium, which does not have a stable isotope and occurs only in very few quantities in natural materials. Because of their reactivity, it is difficult to 111 REEs deposits and reserves refine the rare earths to a pure form (Jackson and Rare earth deposits can be broadly divided into two Christiansen, USGS, 1994 P.4). categories: primary deposits and secondary deposits. REEs occur in more than 200 minerals but the most Primary deposits are associated with igneous and economically significant minerals known to contain hydrothermal processes (hard rock deposits), they are essential or significant REEs are bastnäsite, monazite, relatively rich in LREE, while secondary deposits are xenotime and ion adsorption clays. Bastnäsite and concentrated by sedimentary processes and weathering, monazite contain mostly LREE, only small amounts of they contain more HREE. HREE. Due to the content of thorium, monazite is According to the United States Geological Survey radioactive. Xenotime is an yttrium phosphate, it Circular (Orris & Grauch, 2002), there are 799 rare contains about 67% REO, mostly of the HREE, but it earth deposits in the world and they are located in 76 occurs less commonly than monazite in deposits (Gupta countries. Most of the deposits are located in the United The IMRE Journal Page 3 Production process and recycling of Jan Bongaerts, Jiangxue Liu Rare earth Elements States and China, followed by Australia, Brazil, depends on ore grades, nature of the overburden, and Canada, Russia and India. With respect to the REO the stripping ratio (EPA, 2012). content, more than 90% REO is contained in hard rock Mining methods for Placer deposits depend on the deposits. criterion whether the ore is covered by water or In January 2013 the USGS estimated global rare earth mineable from the dry surface. If placer deposits are reserves at 110 million metric tonnes (Mt) REO. covered by water, their extraction typically uses Reserves are defined as the part of identified resources dredges, which apply a series of buckets or suction which can be economically extracted or produced at the dredges. If placer deposits are not covered by water, time of determination. China, with 55 Mt REO, is the they are mined by variations of open pit excavation country with the largest REO reserve. The United States methods, which use scrapers, bulldozers, loaders has 13 Mt REO. India with 3.1 Mt REO and Australia shovels and draglines to collect the ore for further with 1.6 Mt are ranking in fourth and fifth place processing. Drilling and blasting are not required except respectively. for deposits in which the sand is cemented by ferruginous or calcareous precipitates (Gupa and Krishnamurthy, 2005). 222 Production ppprocessprocess of REEs The production process of REEs consists generally of mining, processing, separation & refining. Unlike the Processing common metals like copper and iron, which usually have higher concentrations in their deposits, REEs are Beneficiation widely distributed in low concentrations. The diversity After mining, the ores are processed to produce a of each deposit’s chemical composition requires concentrate with high REE contents. REEs processing specific mining and processing methods. Moreover, the is a very complex and specific process due to the separation of the individual REEs and refining them to complexity of REEs bearing minerals. Many factors pure metals are difficult challenges, because of their affect the selection of treatment processes, such as chemical similarity. deposit type, REE grades, type of gangue minerals, and composition of the individual REO minerals. Mining and processing Hard rock deposits The general beneficiation process of hard rock ores Mining involves crushing/grinding and separation of REO from There are three mining methods to extract the REEs- other minerals by flotation. There is a series of reagents bearing deposits: surface mining (open pit mining), which are used in the flotation to optimize the flotation underground mining and In-Situ Leaching (ISL), which process. Principally, flotation reagents can be classified is also called solution mining. into: collectors, frothers, regulators, and depressants. The most important reagent is collector. Two collectors, Hard rock REE ores are usually mined by conventional fatty acids and hydroxamates, are most widely applied open pit methods, which typically involve removing the in the rare earth flotation process. overburden, blasting, excavation, and milling. Two of The largest deposit is the Bayan Obo iron-niobium- the world’s largest rare earth mines, Bayan Obo mine in REEs deposit. The main product is iron ore, while China and Mountain Pass mine in the United States, are LREE are by products. The main rare earth minerals of open pits. This method is also used at Mount Weld the ore are bastnäsite, monazite, mixed minerals of mine in Australia. Hard rock REEs ores are also mined bastnäsite and monazite. The ore contains also barite, underground. fluorite, calcite, silicates and iron minerals. It is very Loparite from the Lovozero complex in Russia are difficult to separate rare earth minerals from other mined by both underground and open pit methods. associations. A process which combines gravity Open pit mining, if applicable to the deposit, is often separation, magnetic separation and froth flotation is cheaper and safer compared to underground mining. used. The ores are crushed and milled into 0,074mm The applicability of open-pit or underground methods particles. The iron concentrate is then separated through low-intensity magnetic to high-intensity separation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2019 LCC Brochure.Pdf
    Scholarships Facts & Figures Shanghai 2018 Rankings QS World University Rankings 62 Jiao Tong University US News & World Report 156 Times Higher Education (THE) 188 Types of Scholarships Founded in 1896, Shanghai Jiao Tong Students University (SJTU) is the second oldest International degree students 2,401 university in China and is one of the Type Duration Support (RMB) Coverage (RMB) Sponsor Undergraduate students 16,195 most prestigious universities in China. Graduate students 21,093 SJTU is very strong in engineering, Monthly stipend (3,000/Month) which listed top 0.01% in ESI ranking. Tuition (28,900/Year) Faculty With a full range of academic disciplines A: CSC 2-3 Years 80,100/Year Health insurance CSC Academicians 48 in power & energy engineering, Accommodation allowance Chair Professors 148 environmental science and engineering, (1,200/Month) Fellows 160 finance and management related to International Faculties 222 low-carbon technology, SJTU has a solid Monthly stipend (1,700/Month) Professors 891 foundation and extraordinary advantag- Tuition (28,900/Year) es in establishing the China-UK Low B 2-3 Years 64,500/Year SJTU Full-time Faculties 2,835 Health insurance Carbon College. Accommodation allowance (1,200/Month) Tuition (28,900/Year) Health insurance C 2-3 Years 44,100/Year SJTU Accommodation allowance (1,200/Month) Prominent Alumni D 2-3 Years 29,700/Year Tuition (28,900/Year) SJTU Health insurance Jiang Ze Min Former President of China Note: In general, the support duration cannot be extended. All scholarship recipients are obliged to attend the annual China-UK comprehensive scholarship assessment during April and May of each year to confirm their qualification of the scholarship for the next year.
    [Show full text]
  • A Glimpse of Materials Research in China a Report from an Interagency Study Team on Materials Visiting China from June 19, 1995 to June 30, 1995
    NATL INST. OF STAND ^JECH Rrf^ I PUBLICATIONS mill nil nil I II A111Q4 7T2m3 United States Department of Commerce Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Special Publication 893 A Glimpse of Materials Research in China A Report From an Interagency Study Team on Materials Visiting China From June 19, 1995 to June 30, 1995 Stephen M. Hsu and Lyle H. Schwartz^ Editors QC 100 ,U57 NO. 893 1995 Jhe National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering, and develops measurement techniques, test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg, MD 20899, and at Boulder, CO 80303. Major technical operating units and their principal activities are listed below.
    [Show full text]
  • Completion and Evaluation of NSFC Projects
    PART Completion and Evaluation of NSFC Projects 6.1 Completion of General Program Projects Table 6-1 Projects completed 5,713 International conferences 11,167 Invited speakers Domestic conferences 8,900 Papers and publications International journals 22,447 Papers and books Domestic journals 36,180 Books 3,271 Achievements Evaluated 241 Research results Patents 1,475 Results disseminated 435 International awards 95 Awards National awards 585 Ministerial or provincial awards 73 Post-doc 1,312 Talents fostered Ph.D. 16,158 Masters 29,040 2008 ANNUAL REPORT 67 6.2 Completion of Young Scientists Fund Projects Table 6-2 Projects completed 1,602 International conferences 2,645 Invited speakers Domestic conferences 1,750 Papers and publications International journals 5,097 Papers and books Domestic journals 7,030 Books 978 Achievements Evaluated 28 Research results Patents 277 Results disseminated 44 International awards 22 Awards National awards 131 Ministerial or provincial awards 31 Post-doc 215 Talents fostered Ph.D. 2,296 Masters 4,723 6.3 Completion of Projects of the Fund for Less Developed Regions Table 6-3 Projects completed 279 International conferences 250 Invited speakers Domestic conferences 309 Papers and publications International journals 644 Papers and books Domestic journals 2,110 Books 184 Achievements Evaluated 18 Research results Patents 33 Results disseminated 5 International awards 0 Awards National awards 34 Ministerial or provincial awards 3 Post-doc 14 Talents fostered Ph.D. 263 Masters 1,725 68 2008 ANNUAL REPORT Completion and Evaluation of NSFC Projects NSFC 6.4 Completion of Key Program Projects Table 6-4 Projects completed 239 International conferences 2,361 Invited speakers Domestic conferences 1,767 Papers and publications International journals 6,936 Papers and books Domestic journals 5,919 Books 324 Achievements Evaluated 21 Research results Patents 376 Results disseminated 59 International awards 34 Awards National awards 119 Ministerial or provincial awards 23 Post-doc 367 Talents fostered Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Other Publications in the CECD Series
    Other Publications in the CECD Series Energetics Science and Technology in Central Europe Invited Editor: Ronald W. Armstrong Series Editors: James M. Short, Robert A. Kavetsky, and Davinder K. Anand ISBN 978-0-9846274-3-1 Simulation -Based Innovation and Discovery. Energetics Applications Edited by Davinder K. Anand, Satyandra K. Gupta, and Robert A. Kavetsky ISBN 978-0-9846274-2-4 Energetics Science and Technology in China James M. Short, Robert A. Kavetsky, Michael G. Pecht, and Davinder K. Anand ISBN 978-0-9846274-0-0 Other Publications in the CECD Series From Science to Seapower. A Roadmap for S&T Revitalization. Postscript 2010 Robert A. Kavetsky, Michael L. Marshall, and Davinder K. Anand ISBN 978-0-9846274-1-7 Training in Virtual Environments. A Safe, Cost-Effective, and Engaging Approach to Training Satyandra K. Gupta, Davinder K. Anand, John E. Brough, Maxim Schwartz, and Robert A. Kavetsky ISBN 978-0-9777295-2-4 From Science to Seapower. A Roadmap for S&T Revitalization Robert A. Kavetsky, Michael L. Marshall, and Davinder K. Anand ISBN 978-0-9846274-1-7 Rare Earth Materials Insights and Concerns CENTER FOR ENERGETIC CONCEPTS DEVELOPMENT SERIES Editorial Board Davinder K. Anand, CECD, University of Maryland, College Park, MD James M. Short, CECD, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Don DeVoe, CECD, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Bryan Eichhorn, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Satyandra K. Gupta, CECD, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Michael G. Pecht, CALCE, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Michael R. Zachariah, CECD, University of Maryland, College Park, MD ENERGETICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SERIES Editorial Board James M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Geography of Rare Earth Elements: from Discovery to the Atomic Age
    The Extractive Industries and Society 2 (2015) 572–580 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Extractive Industries and Society journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/exis Review article A historical geography of rare earth elements: From discovery to the atomic age Julie Michelle Klinger* Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies, Boston University, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This article presents a historical geography of rare earth elements from their discovery to the atomic age Received 16 January 2015 with a focus on the period between 1880 and 1960 in order to lend greater depth to the growing body of Received in revised form 19 May 2015 scholarship on the relationship between rare earth elements and global political change. Drawing on Available online 7 July 2015 archival and field research undertaken in the United States, China, Brazil, and Germany between 2011 and 2014, this article advances the following argument. Rare earth elements, and the production of geological Keywords: knowledge about them, have entangled with contentious politics since their first industrial applications Rare earth elements in the late 19th century. The historical geography of rare earth exploration and extraction is defined by a Historical geography fundamental tension between the military-industrial necessity of these elements and the hazards Geology fi Politics associated with their production. This tension played a de nitive role in international colonial, Cold War, Cold war and atomic politics. ã 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . ................................................................................................... 572 2. Discovery and classification .......................................................................................... 573 3. Geology, territory, and power . ..................................................................................... 573 4. The political life of rare earth elements ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Thorium to China
    Fuel for Thought: The Importance of Thorium to China by Cindy Hurst February 2015 Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS) The Institute for the Analysis of Global Security is a Washington based non-profit think tank dedicated to research and public debate on issues related to energy security. IAGS seeks to promote public awareness to the strong impact energy has on the world economy and security and to the myriad of technological and policy solutions that could help nations strengthen their energy security. WWW.IAGS.ORG Cindy Hurst is a government contractor working as an analyst for the U.S. Army's Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Introduction Over the past few years China has launched efforts to develop the world’s first commercial thorium-fueled reactor based on the use of liquid salt. At one point thorium was widely used in gas mantles. It has also been used in night flares from the Milan weapon system and in magnesium alloy aircraft components, optical lenses, refractory ceramics, and some laboratory compounds. As a magnesium alloy, a small quantity of thorium can be used for its hardening and lightweight properties, making it ideal for the aerospace industry.1 One problem with thorium is its mildly radioactive nature, producing concerns over its safety and potential harmful effects. Therefore, today there is little use for thorium.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Political Influence of Economic Dependence in Japan's China
    The Political Influence of Economic Dependence in Japan’s China Policy since the Koizumi Administration Scott Wilbur Ph.D. Student Politics and International Relations Program University of Southern California [email protected] Past studies have contended that increasing economic interdependence between China and Japan has failed to lead the countries to reconcile their difficult political relations. But they have made their observations rather generally, without elaborating specific reasons why heightened commercial exchange has failed to produce a more positive political relationship. This paper seeks to analyze and develop one side of these studies’ claim by examining Japan’s economic dependence on China in the early twenty-first century. First, it lays out the puzzle that while China has become Japan’s primary trading partner and destination for foreign investment, Tokyo has generally avoided moderating its political policies toward Beijing. Then, after identifying three hypothetical causal linkages across which economic dependence has been theorized to reduce political conflict, it inspects whether Japan’s economic dependence on China has operated through these linkages to foster rapprochement in Japan’s China policy. From investigation of available data, it is apparent that economic dependence has moderated Japan’s China policy in some instances. Yet, by and large, there has been little pressure to stimulate recalibration in Japan’s behavior toward China, while various domestic elements have also inhibited change in Tokyo’s approach to Beijing. In these findings on the limited political influence of economic dependence, the paper provides qualified support to the past studies’ contention, and sheds light on specific reasons why economic dependence has not diminished the political difficulty in Japan’s interaction with China.
    [Show full text]
  • A Glimpse of Materials Research in China a Report from an Interagency Study Team on Materials Visiting China from June 19, 1995 to June 30, 1995
    NATL INST. OF STAND ^JECH Rrf^ I PUBLICATIONS mill nil nil I II A111Q4 7T2m3 United States Department of Commerce Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Special Publication 893 A Glimpse of Materials Research in China A Report From an Interagency Study Team on Materials Visiting China From June 19, 1995 to June 30, 1995 Stephen M. Hsu and Lyle H. Schwartz^ Editors QC 100 ,U57 NO. 893 1995 Jhe National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering, and develops measurement techniques, test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg, MD 20899, and at Boulder, CO 80303. Major technical operating units and their principal activities are listed below.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Control the Market for Strategic Power: China's Reregulation of Its Rare Earth Industry Copyright © 2016 by Yujia He
    RE-CONTROL THE MARKET FOR STRATEGIC POWER: CHINA’S REREGULATION OF ITS RARE EARTH INDUSTRY A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Yujia He In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in International Affairs, Science and Technology in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs Georgia Institute of Technology August 2016 COPYRIGHT © 2016 BY YUJIA HE RE-CONTROL THE MARKET FOR STRATEGIC POWER: CHINA’S REREGULATION OF ITS RARE EARTH INDUSTRY Approved by: Dr. Fei-Ling Wang, Advisor Dr. John McIntyre Sam Nunn School of International Affairs Scheller School of Business Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. John Garver Senior Fellow Jane Nakano Sam Nunn School of International Affairs Energy and National Security Program Georgia Institute of Technology Center for Strategic and International Studies Dr. Margaret Kosal Sam Nunn School of International Affairs Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: May 12, 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to start by thanking my thesis advisor Fei-Ling Wang for believing in my project from the very beginning and for believing in my ability to carry it through. Dr. Wang guided me through this project with unwavering support and wise shepherding. This PhD dissertation would not exist without his thoughtful guidance, customized mentorship, and close reading. I am also deeply indebted to his encouragement and advocacy, always timed to when I need them the most, his pragmatic advice about both scholarship and professional development, and his generous time and patience with me throughout my PhD years. His exceptional commitment to scholarship, excellence in teaching, and passion for the study of the political economy of China has been a true inspiration to me.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the 3Rd International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Applications
    Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Applications Vol. II Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China August 21 -25, 1995 The Chinese Society of Rare Earths Edited by Xu (iiiangxian Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Prof, of Peking University Vice President of CSRF Xiao Jimei Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Prof, of I Iniversily of Science and Technology Beijing Yu Zongsen Prof, of I Iniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Vice President and General Secretary of CSRF-* Van Chunhua Prof, of Peking University Metallurgical Industry Press CONTENTS Foreword Welcoming Speech Zhou Chuandian. Vol.1 Plennary Lectures The Higher Oxides of the Rare Earths: A Model of Solid State Chemistry LeRoy Eyring I Lanthanide-containing Light-converting Nanometric Devices Jean-Claude G. Bunzli, Claude Piguet 9 Vapor Phase Extraction and Mutual Separation of Rare Earths Using Chemical Vapor Transport Mediated by Vapor Complexes Gin-va Adachi, Ken-ichi Machida, Kuniaki Mura.se 12 The Separation Processes of Main Minerals in China Yan Chunhua, Liao Chunsheng, Wang Jianfang. Jia Jiangiao, Zhang Yawen, Li Biaoguo, Xu Guangxian : 16 SECTION A RE NEW MATERIALS AND RE APPLICATIONS New Materials Mechanochemical Effects in the System Ln2OrI n(OH)^ (-\hO)(ljt\-\,a, Nd) Dimitr Todorovsky, A tanas. Terziev. 24 New Inorganic Materials Containing Rare Earths and Tetrahedral Anions TO4 Peir Melnikov, Lydia, Komissarova 28 Anisotropy of the g-Factor and a Procedure for its Determination: Application to ErNU N.A.de Oliveira, A.Caldas, P.J.von Ranke, I ..Palermo 31 Simulation of the Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Trivalent Rare Earth Ions in Rare Earth Oxyfluoride Matrices Jorma Holsa, FAja Kesiisa, Pierre Porcher 35 Optical Properties and Energy Level Simulation of RE -ions in Rare Earth Oxychlorides Jorma Holsa, Ralf-Johan Lamminmaki, Pierre Porcher 39 Super conductivity in Fluorinated RE Cuprates Bernard Chevalier, Jean Etourneau, A lain Tressaud 43 About New Applications for the Rare Earths: Pigments and Solid State Ionics P.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the 3Rd International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Applications
    Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Applications Vol.1 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China August 21-25,1995 The Chinese Society of Rare Earths Edited by Xu Guangxian Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Prof, of Peking University Vice President of CSRE Xiao Jimei Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Prof, of University of Science and Technology Beijing Yu Zongsen Prof, of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vice President and General Secretary of CSRE Yan Chunhua Prof, of Peking University Metallurgical Industry Press CONTENTS Foreword. Welcoming Speech Zhou Chuandian. Vol.1 Plennary Lectures The Higher Oxides of the Rare Earths: A Model of Solid State Chemistry LeRoyEyring 1 Lanthanide-containing Light-converting Nanometric Devices Jean-Claude G. Bunzli, Claude Piguet 9 Vapor Phase Extraction and Mutual Separation of Rare Earths Using Chemical Vapor Transport Mediated by Vapor Complexes Gin-ya Adachi, Ken-ichi Machida, Kuniaki Murase 12 The Separation Processes of Main Minerals in China Yan Chunhua, Liao Chunsheng, Wang Jianfang, JiaJiangtao, Zhang Yawen, Li Biaoguo, Xu Guangxian 16 SECTION A HE NEW MATERIALS AND RE APPLICATIONS New Materials Mechanochemical Effects in the System Ln2O3-Ln(OH)3 (-H2OXLn=La, Dimitr Todorovsky, A tanas. Terziev 24 New Inorganic Materials Containing Rare Earths and Tetrahedral Anions TO4 Petr Melnikov, Lydia, Komissarova 28 Anisotropy of the g-Factor and a Procedure for its Determination: Application to ErNis N.A.de Oliveira, A.Caldas, P.J.von Ranke, LPalermo 31 Simulation of the Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Trivalent Rare Earth Ions in Rare Earth Oxyfluoride Matrices Jorma Holsa, Eija Kestisa, Pierre Porcher 35 Optical Properties and Energy Level Simulation of RE3+ -ions in Rare Earth Oxychlorides Jorma Holsa, Ralf-Johan Lamminmaki, Pierre Porcher 39 Super conductivity in Fluorinated RE Cuprates Bernard Chevalier, Jean Etourneau, A lain Tressaud.
    [Show full text]
  • Zhang, Jie Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    1896 1920 1987 2006 Path towards world-class engineering education: ideas and practices Zhang, Jie Shanghai Jiao Tong University ASEE Global Symposium on Engineering Education and the Global Economy, Shanghai, October 24, 2011 A Brief introduction of SJTU B Higher education in international and China’s context C Engineering education at SJTU Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU): One of the two oldest universities in China 盛宣怀：自强首在储才，储才必先兴学 Founded in 1896, as Nan Yang Public School Mission: To develop China through education and industry Disciplines: Specialized programs started in 1900; Railway, Navigation, ME, EE in 1907; Management in 1918; MSc. in 1943 With an international and first-class curriculum in the 1930s, SJTU was regarded in China as the “MIT in the East” SJTU: Cradle of Engineers in China Engineering Education in SJTU traced back to a century ago, and was crowned as the ‘Cradle of Engineers’ in China SJTU pioneered in setting up the disciplines of Engineering in China, and has so far fostered a great number of distinguished engineers, scientists, educators, statesmen and entrepreneurs. Students gaining practical experience at SJTU’s own factory in 1930s SJTU’s Outstanding Alumni Wang Daohan, Lu Dingyi, Cai Yuanpei, Former President Former Vice- Educationist of ARATS Premier Jiang Zemin, EE 1947 Former Chinese President Huang Yanpei, Cai E, Shao Lizi, Former Vice- Revolutionary Educationist, Premier leader Politician SJTU’s Outstanding Alumni Mao Yisheng, Zhang Guangdou, Lin Tongyan, Expert on bridge Specialist in Sturctural
    [Show full text]