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Biblioteca De Ciencias Biologicas Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo BIOLOGICAS Determinación de bacterias presentes en la rizósfera de Opuntia ficus -indica var. inermis en suelos áridos de CIENCIAS Tumbes, Perú. DE Autora: Br. SANDRA JOHANA MENDEZ FARROÑAN Asesor: Dr. JULIO ROGER CHICO RUIZ BIBLIOTECA TRUJILLO – PERÚ 2016 Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo AUTORIDADES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO Dr. Orlando Gonzales Nieves RECTOR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO Dr. RÚBEN VERA VÉLIZBIOLOGICAS VICE RECTOR ACADÉMICO CIENCIAS Dr. WEYDER PORTOCARRERO CÁRDENAS VICERRECTOR DE DEINVESTIGACIÓN ICERRECTORA ACADÉMICO SECRETARIOBIBLIOTECA GENERAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO Dr. Steban Ilich Zerpa ii Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo AUTORIDADES DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS DECANO DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Dr. Marco Leoncio Salazar Castillo BIOLOGICAS SECRETARIO GENERAL DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Dr. Santos Enrique Padilla Sagastegui CIENCIAS DE DIRECTOR DE LA ESCUELA ACADÉMICOPROFESIONAL DE BIOLOGÍA Dr. Manuel Roberto Rodriguez Lacherre BIBLIOTECA iii Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo DEDICATORIA Con todo mi corazón y desde lo profundo de mi ser a Jehová Rey nuestro y Dios nuestro, por estar a mi lado siempre, guiándome, sosteniéndome, fortaleciéndome, alimentando mi alma y brindándome su amor infinito, gracias a él por brindarme la profundidad de vivir, por contar con cada uno de mis seres queridos y lograr la excelencia profesional, este trabajo es completamente suyo. BIOLOGICAS Con un inmenso amor y una eterna gratitud a mis padres Josefa y Mauro, por su amor, comprensión, paciencia, esfuerzo y fe en cada cosa que hago, con su ejemplo de vida pude seguir adelante. Este trabajo es suyo porque ustedes lo hicieron posible. CIENCIAS DE BIBLIOTECA iv Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo AGRADECIMIENTO A mi profesor Dr. Julio Chico Ruíz por haber brindado su amistad y orientación con mucho profesionalismo y paciencia, por compartir sus conocimientos, los cuales hicieron realidad este trabajo. Mi más sincero agradecimiento al Mc. Bernabé Luis Alaya por brindarme su apoyo incondicional en el presente informe de investigación, por la paciencia y el tiempo dedicado y por compartir sus conocimientosBIOLOGICAS hacia mi persona. A todo el equipo de la empresa INCA BIOTEC SAC que son mi segunda familia, en especial al equipo técnico y al grupo CACTUS, gracias por su amistad y el apoyo brindado paraCIENCIAS la realización de este proyecto. DE Gracias por todo y que Dios los bendiga siempre. BIBLIOTECA v Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo PRESENTACIÓN En cumplimiento con las normas establecidas en el reglamento de grados y títulos que exige la Facultad de Ciencia Biológicas de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, se somete a vuestra consideración el siguiente proyecto de tesis titulado: “Determinación de bacterias presentes en la rizósfera de Opuntia ficus-indica var. inermis en suelos áridos de Tumbes, Perú.” BIOLOGICAS Trujillo, Enero del 2016 CIENCIAS DE Mendez Farroñan Sandra Johana BIBLIOTECA vi Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo MIEMBROS DEL JURADO -------------------------------------------- Dr. Eloy López Medina PRESIDENTE BIOLOGICAS -------------------------------------------- Dr. Roger Veneros Terrones SECRETARIO CIENCIAS DE ------------------------------------------------ Dr. Julio Chico Ruiz VOCAL BIBLIOTECA vii Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo APROBACIÓN Los profesores que suscriben, miembros del Jurado dictaminador, declaran que el presente Informe de Tesis titulado: ““Determinación de bacterias presentes en la rizósfera de Opuntia ficus-indica var. inermis en suelos áridos de Tumbes, Perú.”, ha cumplido con los requisitos formales y fundamentales, siendo APROBADA por UNANIMIDAD. --------------------------------------------BIOLOGICAS Dr. EloY López Medina PRESIDENTE CIENCIAS -------------------------------------------- DE Dr. Roger Veneros Terrones SECRETARIO BIBLIOTECA ------------------------------------------------ Dr. Julio Chico Ruiz VOCAL viii Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo CONTENIDO AUTORIDADES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO…………… ii AUTORIDADES DE LA FACULDAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS……………..iii DEDICATORIA………………………………………………………………………...iv AGRADECIMIENTO……………………………………………………………….….v PRESENTACIÓN………………………………………………………………….… vi MIEMBROS DE JURADO………………………………………………………...…vii APROBACION .………………………………………………………………………viiiBIOLOGICAS CONTENIDO…………………………………………………………………..………ix LISTA DE TABLAS …………………………………………………………..………xi LISTA DE FIGURAS……………………………………………………………...…xiii CIENCIAS RESUMEN …………………………………………….………………………….....xvi DE ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………..……xvii INTRODUCCIÓN……………………………………………………………………...1 MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS……………………………………………………………12 RESULTADOS……………………………………………………………………….20 IÓN………………………………………………………………………….. DISCUSBIBLIOTECA 34 CONCLUSIÓN………………………………………………………………………..39 RECOMENDACIONES……………………………………………………………...40 ix Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS………………………………………………..41 ANEXOS………………………………………………………………………………54 BIOLOGICAS CIENCIAS DE BIBLIOTECA x Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo LISTA DE TABLAS Tabla 1. Parámetros físico – químicos considerados en el análisis de las muestras de suelo de los diferentes puntos de muestreo………………………20 Tabla 2. Bacterias cultivables presentes en la rizósfera de O. ficus-indica en el distrito de Corrales…………………………..………………………………………21 Tabla 3. Bacterias cultivables presentes en la rizósfera de O. ficus-indica en el distrito de Cabuyal…………………………………………………………………...22 Tabla 4. Bacterias cultivables presentes en la rizósfera de O. ficus-indica en el distrito de Casitas……………………………………………………………………23BIOLOGICAS Tabla 5. Bacterias cultivables presentes en la rizósfera de O. ficus-indica en el distrito de Uña de Gato……………………….…………………………………….24 Tabla 6. Bacterias cultivables presentes en la rizósfera de O. ficus-indica en el distrito de Puerto Pizarro…………………………………………………………..24CIENCIAS Tabla 7. Porcentaje de abundanciaDE de las bacterias presentes en la rizósfera de O. ficus-indica del distrito de Corrales, obtenido mediante metagenómica………………………………………………………………………..61 Tabla 8. Porcentaje de abundancia
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