Geography and Engagement with the Military: Issues, Status, Findings
AAG Geography and Military Study Committee Final Report on Geography and Engagement with the Military: Issues, Status, Findings Submitted to the American Association of Geographers (AAG) Council February 27, 2019 Committee members: Andrea Brunelle, Susan Cutter (Chair), Roger Downs, Chris Hair, Andrew Lohman, Adam Moore, Tom Mote, Geraldine Pratt, Sue Roberts, Reuben Rose-Redwood, Rickie Sanders, and Dan Shrubsole. Geography and Engagement with the Military: Issues, Status, Findings By AAG Geography and Military Study Committee1 I. Introduction From the imperial conquests of the past to the high-tech warfare of the twenty-first century, there is a long history of engagement between geographers and the military (Woodward, 2004, 2005, 2017; Galgano and Palka, 2011). While geography has played a significant role in supporting military and intelligence activities (Barnes and Farish, 2006; Barnes, 2016), there is also a strong tradition of anti-militarist sentiment in the discipline, which has called into question the complicity of geography in promoting military agendas (Gregory, 2011; Bryan 2016). Although the historical associations between geography and the military are longstanding, the level of engagement between geographers and the U.S. military and intelligence communities has increased considerably in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (hereafter, 9/11). The military’s growing interest and engagement with the academic discipline of geography has occurred at a time when the role of the U.S. military is itself changing. Traditional strategies of boots on the ground have given way to counterinsurgency warfare with advanced technology, escalating defense budgets that are not sustainable, the dropping of gender restrictions for duty, the increasing use of special operations forces, and the mounting need for post-service medical and mental health care for veterans (Christian Science Monitor, 2011).
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