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NAACP Annual Report [Serial] EI85.5 .N275 NATIONAL ASSOCIATIOM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE \ CHAPEL HILL UNIVERSITY OF N.C AT iiiiiM I 00018665721 UNIVERSITY ;, ..^. ..1 CAROLINA BOOK CARD Please keep this card in book pocket -•, A -m. T -m. T -m- -r -t A REPORT fccnnj^ sEPi 479. THE \ This book is due at the WALTER R. DAVIS LIBRARY on /ubraryI the last date stamped under "Date Due." If not on hold it llMn/ / may be renewed by bringing it to the library. UNJV \ N C JI DATE DATE DUE RET. DUE RET. MAR 2 il 2001 lings lie Negro .ION FOR THE ORED PEOPLE T)y riitn /vvenue, iNewYork City Fourteenth Annual Report Eiis.'S OF THE /f^3 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE FOR THE YEAR 1923 A Summary of Work and an Accounting NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE National Office: 69 Fifth Avenue, New Yorli January, 1924 Date. J. E. Spingarn, Treasurer, 69 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. enclose I ^j^^ ^^^^ ^j ^ j.^ ^.j^g General Fund pledge $ to the Anti-Lynchmg Fund $ to the Legal Defense Fund of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. (Signed) Address VI FORM OF BEQUEST I give and bequeath to the "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People," incorporated in the year 1911, under the Laws of the State of New York, the sum of dollars to be used for the purposes of the said Association. OFFICERS FOR 1924 NATIONAL OFFICERS EXECUTIVE OFFICERS President Chairman of the Board Mary White Ovington MooRFiELD Storey James Weldon Johnson, Secretary Walter White, Assistant Secretary Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois, Editor of The Vice-Presidents Crisis J. E. Spingarn, Treasurer Archibald H. Grimk^ Robert W. Bagnall, Director of Rev. John Haynes Holmes Branches Bishop John Hurst William Pickens, Field Secretary John E. Milholland Herbert J. Seligmann, Director ofPub^ Arthur B. Spingarn licity Oswald Garrison Villard BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman, Mary White Ovington, New York Bait' .ore New York Bishop John Hurst Florence Kelley Boston Paul Kennaday Joseph Prince Loud Louis Marshall Moorfield Storey Ella Rush Murray Butler R. Wilson Harry H. Pace Chicago Arthur B. Spingarn Jane Addams J. E. Spingarn Dr. C. E. Bentley Herbert K. Stockton Cleveland Charles H. Studin Harry E. Davis William English Walling Detroit Philadelphia Hon. Ira W. Jayne • Isadore Martin Jersey City Dr. William A. Sinclair Dr. George E. Cannon Richmond Los A ngeles Maggie L. Walker E. Burton Ceruti Si. Louis Memphis Hon. Charles Nagel R. R. Church Springfield New Haven Rev. G. R. Waller George W. Crawford Topeka New York Hon. Arthur Capper LilHan A. Alexander Washington Rev. Hutchens C. Bishop Nannie H. Burroughs Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois Prof. George William Cook Rev. John Haynes Holmes Charles Edward Russell Neval H. Thomas Official Organ; The Crisis, published monthly, 3 STANDING COMMITTEES ANTI-LYNCHIXG COMMITTEE Philip G. Peabody Mrs. Lillian A. Alexander MooRFiELD Storey W. E. B. Du Bois Archibald H. Grimk6 Mary White Ovington James Weldon Johnson Arthur B. Spingarn William English Walling Mrs. Minnie L. Bradley Mrs. Helen Curtis Mrs. Genevieve Cannon Mrs. Mary Townsend Seymour COMMITTEE ON BRANCHES Archibald H. GrimkI:, Chairman Charles H. Studin Mary White Ovington Harry H. Pace BUDGET COMMITTEE Dr. Hutchens C. Bishop, Chairman William A. Sinclair George W. Crawford CRISIS COMMITTEE Paul Kennaday, Chairman Mary White Ovington Charles H. Studin J. E. Spingarn James Weldon Johnson W. E. B. bu Bois LEGAL COMMITTEE Arthur B. Spingarn, Chairman Aiken A. Pope James A. Cobb Charles H. Studin Herbert K. Stockton SPINGARN MEDAL AWARD COMMITTEE Bishop John Hurst, Chairman James H. Dillard John Hope W. E. B. Du Bois Theodore Roosevelt Dorothy Canfield Fisher Oswald Garrison Villard CONTENTS PAGE Foreword 7 I. The Arkansas Cases 9 II. The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill 14 III. Lynching 16 Lynching Prevented 16 Chronological List 17 Lynching Record of 1923 20 Summary.— 21 IV. Race Riots and Mob Violence. 22 Johnstown Deportations 23 Spruce Pine, N. C - 24 V. Discrimination..^ 25 Harvard University 25 VI. Negro Veterans' Hospital at Tuskegee 26 History 26 N. A. A. C. P. Asked to Help._ 26 N. A. A. C. P. Acts 27 VII. Ku Klux Klan 30 VIII. Publicity 31 IX. The 24th Infantry 35 X. Annual Conference 38 Message to the People of America 39 Message to Colored Americans 40 XI. National Marriage and Divorce Bill 42 XII. The Sterling-Reed "Education" Bill 43 XIII. National Offices and Board of Directors 44 XIV. The Department of Branches 44 Field Work 45 Work of the Brancnes _ 45 XV. Finances 47 XVI. The Crisis 51 TO AIX READERS OF THIS REPORT: In the pages which follow you will read of the aims and the accomplishments during 1923 of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. We feel sure that you will heartily approve of the former and rejoice at the latter. Our ever present prolDlem, however, is that of finding money enough to do even the most necessary work. Unfortunately, ours is not a popular cause. It is a difficult task to raise funds for it. In too large a percentage of the worth-while cases which come to us do we have to refuse aid "because of the lack of necessary funds. Our executives must give much of their time towards raising money - which means a lessening of efficiency for work to be done. Will you give that they may execute? You can do so in two ways: first, by making as large a contribution as your interest and means will allow and renewing that contribution each year; second, by including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in your will. Won't you do both and thereby do your part towards bringing common justice and equal opportunity to all Americans regardless of color? Sincerely ^ President ^ X FOREWORD _, It is not to obtain mere benefits and privileges for thev Negro that the National Association for the Advancement of Colored (Peogle_is__strivingjit is striving to vindicate the American idea, ^v That idea is : that every man shaffhave opportunity for the highest self development and that his achievements shall not be denied recognition on their merits. In accordance with this idea, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People has been commending the achieve- ments of individual Negroes and calling those achievements to the attention of the nation. A case in point is that of Professor George W. Carver, of Tuskegee, awarded the Spingam Medal at the Asso- ciation's annual conference in Kansas City, whose discoveries were made known to the entire coimtry. Increasingly, as Negroes distinguish themselves in the arts and sciences, it will be the pleasant function of the Association to call these triumphs to the attention of Americans. Meantime, the fight for justice continues. Lt brought several— encouraging^ results in the year 1923. (Known^lynchings decreased in that year to 28 from elTin 1922. ~ This alone demonstrated that although tVip JDypf A nti-Lynching Bill was not passed in the Senate, the fight to put it through Congress was not in vain. Public atten- tion has at last been concentrated upon this evil. Americans now realize that it is not the lives of Negroes alone that are concerned but the honor of America, and respect for law and orderly processes. In the case of the 54 members of the 24th Infantry, still im- prisoned in Leavenworth Penitentiary for their alleged share in the Houston Riot of 1917, the Association's campaign for a Presi- dential pardon for these men imited the entire race in an effort that brought 120,000 signatures to the petition to be presented to President Coolidge; demonstrating an increasing willingness of Negroes in America to work together for a common good. In connection with the northward migration of Negroes, the N. A. A. C. P. has not only encouraged it by making known the facts of northern opportiinity and southern oppression of the Negro; it has also urged its branches and other agencies to assist the new- 8 Fourteenth Annual Report comers in every way to adapt themselves to conditions, social, economic, religious and educational, in their new environment. The major efforts and accomplishments of the National Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Colored People, for the year 1923, are set forth in detail in the following pages and commended to the attention of all Americans, white and colored. I. THE ARKANSAS CASES* Twelve Negroes sentenced to death for alleged participation in the Arkansas Riots of 1919 have been saved. All but eight of the sixty-seven sentenced to long prison terms have been set free. THE FIRST SIX The order dismissing the petition for a writ of habeas corpus was reversed by the United States Supreme Court in a far-reaching and important decision. That decision affirmed a principle which was phrased as follows in a letter of congratulation sent to the N. A. A. C. P. by Mr. Louis Marshall, the eminent lawyer of New York, who defended Leo Frank: "... I regard it (the decision) as a great achievement in constitutional law. Due process of law now means, not merely a right to be heard before a court, but that it must be before a court that is not paralyzed by mob domination." The Association's President, Mr. Moorfield Storey, argued the case of the six men before the Supreme Court on January 9, 1923. Mr. Storey alleged in his brief: (1) that individuals, newspapers and such organizations in Arkansas as the Helena Rotary Club and the Robert L. Kitchens Post of the American Legion, also the courts of Arkansas, had tried to railroad the Negroes to death; (2) that the rioting had been begun by whites when the Negroes organized to obtain redress against conditions of peonage, or debt slavery, prevailing in Arkansas; (3) that the Negroes had been falsely accused of organizing to "massacre whites," and that on this pre- text large ntimbers of unoffending colored people had been htmted down like beasts and killed by armed whites who rushed to the scene from adjacent coimties and states.
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