Linking the Getty Vocabularies: the Content Perspective, Including an Update on CONA

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Linking the Getty Vocabularies: The Content Perspective, Including an Update on CONA

Patricia Harpring Managing Editor, Getty Vocabulary Program for joint Pacific Neighborhood Consortium – Digital Heritage 2018 San Francisco REVISED for GRI: November 2018

image credits, see last slide Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images throughout may be under additional copyright Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul GettyTrust. Fo • • • Find Online Getty [email protected] Contact news training editorial For how see the Search access

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http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/index.htmly. Do not distribute. Images maybe under additional copyright Introduction to Controlled Vocabularies

• For information about controlled vocabularies

• Author: Patricia Harpring • Series Editor: Murtha Baca

Where We Are Now Introduction

The Way We Were Finding information by hand

Researching art, architecture, cultural heritage

• How did art historians do research in the past? • By hand, physical resources and card catalogs, bibliographic indexes such as BHA (Bibliography for the History of Art) • Printing out , photocopying, taking photos, note taking • Traveling around the world, many months to find all data

• Needed better methods and tools for research and discovery • Solutions would also address needs of repositories, other cataloging institutions with mission to disseminate their data • The Getty vocabularies, CDWA, etc. were developed to allow consistency in cataloging and improvement of retrieval

• Goal = data linked to other data, discoverable – First = human factor, links/consensus across different disciplines; repositories (archives, special collections, visual resources, museums, bibliographic, scholars); languages and cultures; current and historical

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright A few decades have passed … Where We Are Now Using Linked Open Data Getty Vocabularies are LINK‐able • Now we can begin to find materials for research Data in standard formats that allow linking and discovery online ULAN • Getty vocabularies have been used for indexing Now = links are possible via LOD, links to TGN and AAT within ULAN are used select ?x ?name ?bio ?birth { •90sample SPARQL queries, editable {select distinct ?x {?x Find artists who worked in Italy and lived during a foaf:focus/bio:event/(schema:location|(schema:loca given time range but who are not Italian tion/gvp:broaderExtended)) tgn:1000080‐place}} ?x gvp:prefLabelGVP/xl:literalForm ?name; foaf:focus/gvp:biographyPreferred [ Select ULAN records schema:description ?bio; ∙ Having event that took place in gvp:estStart ?birth]. tgn:1000080 Italy or any of its descendants filter ("1250"^^xsd:gYear <= ?birth && ?birth <= LINK "1780"^^xsd:gYear) ∙ Birth date between 1250 and 1780 Hier. filter exists {?x gvp:broaderExtended ?facet. Link ∙ Descendants of facet ulan:500000002 LINK filter (?facet in (ulan:500000003, in "Persons, Artists” ulan:500000002))} TGN ∙ Not having nationality aat:300111198 Italian filter not exists { ?x or any of its descendants LINK foaf:focus/(schema:nationality|(schema:nationality/ gvp:broaderExtended)) aat:300111198}} • Then use this set of artists to search for works LINK –[this is coming, as of now not enough works are discoverable] Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright What is Linked Open Data (LOD)?

The AAT, TGN, and ULAN are now available as LOD They are published under the Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC‐By) 1.0

• When data is linked and open, it means that data is structured and published according to the principles of Linked Data = both interlinked and made openly accessible and shareable on Semantic Web

• Goal = allow data from different resources to be interconnected and queried

• Universal Resource Identifier (URI) ‐ an ASCII string used to identify things on the Semantic Web http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300198841

• URIs are linked to each other through triples composed of subject‐predicate‐object relationships Unique, persistent IDs are critical

• The definitions of data elements and links are described by ontologies http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

• Data is delivered to a requesting agent through a standard triple serialization using HTTP RDF/XML, Notation‐3 (N3), Turtle, N‐Triples, RDFa, JSON, JSON‐LD

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Scope of Each Getty Vocabulary Context of User Statistics the Getty Vocabularies

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Context of the Getty vocabularies Batch loading of data From various contributors, Getty processes contributions In our prescribed format

• The Getty vocabularies comply with standards for thesaurus construction (NISO and ISO) • Grow through contributions from the Processing Data user community Global edits, VCS system, Merging, editing/adding info • Compiled and disseminated by the Getty Vocabulary Moving/adding links Program (GRI) and Getty Digital • Released in online search (refreshed every month), XML, Releasing Relational Tables, Web Services, JSON, RDF, N3/Turtle, N‐Triples; analysis going on now for other formats Data Release formats Web, LOD, XML, RelTables

• 300 contributing institutions to the Getty vocabularies www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/contributors.html

Processing Data Global edits, VCS system, Merging, editing/adding info Moving/adding links

Releasing * Data Release formats Web, LOD, XML, RelTables

• Valued as authorities = 1. quality is reliable (compiled by experts and sources are cited) 2. the data is linkable Processing Data Global edits, VCS system, • Use of Getty vocabularies = very high for the domain Merging, editing/adding info • Online search page = around 100,000 searches / month, top Moving/adding links resources at Getty Research Institute (GRI) Releasing • Linked Open Data (LOD), typical month in 2018 = over 1,000,000 records (92.95 GB of data) Data Release • Implemented in collection management systems and formats Web sites around the world, new implementations Web, LOD, XML, RelTables

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright How are the Getty vocabs used? AAT record Fields controlled by vocabs

• Used for cataloging and for retrieval • Fields controlled by Getty vocabularies

Catalog Level item Classification sculpture | antiquities Work Type statuette AAT Titles Female Figure of the Kilia Type Female Figure (Star Gazer) Creator unknown Anatolian ULAN AAT Creation Date 2800/2200 BCE TGN ULAN Style/period: Chalcolithic CONA General Subject human figures IA Specific Subject fertility | human female Current Location J. Paul Getty Museum, Getty Villa Malibu (Los Angeles, California, USA) ULAN Repository Number 88.AA.122 TGN Dimensions 14.3 cm height (5 5/8 inches) Mat & Tech carved marble Index: marble AAT Style Kilia type Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Hierarchical Relationships Sample record Objects Facet Scope of each .. Visual and Verbal Communication AAT_ID: 300011329 .... Visual Works Getty vocabulary ...... Terms: ...... sculpture (visual works) ...... bas‐reliefs (pref, en, fr) ...... reliefs (sculptures) bas‐relief (en, fr) ...... bas‐reliefs (sculpture) AAT low reliefs (en) Associative Relationships Art & Architecture Thesaurus® produced by ... bas‐reliëfs (nl) bas‐relief (technique) [300053623] bassorilievo (it) distinguished from ... Includes generic terms, dates, bajos relieves (es) high reliefs (sculpture) [300184782] relationships, sources, and notes Scope Notes: Flachreliefs (de) • Refers to works executed in relatively for work types, roles, materials, 淺浮雕 (雕塑)(zh; Chinese shallow relief. (en) styles, cultures, techniques, and • Beeldhouwwerken uitgevoerd in traditional) relatief laag reliëf. (nl) other concepts qiǎnfúdiāo (Chinese • Úsese para obras ejecutadas en relieve (transliterated Hanyu relativamente superficial. (es) • 指浮雕圖案較淺的作品。(zh) Pinyin)) • Bezeichnet eine Arbeit, die in relativ Five Getty vocabularies qian fu diao (Chinese flachem Relief ausgeführt ist. (de) (transliterated Pinyin Contributors: AS‐Academia Sinica, CDBP‐DIBAM, without tones)) GCI, ICCD, IfM‐SMB‐PK, RKD, AAT‐Ned, VP Sources: AATA database (2002‐) 120890; Avery ch'ien fu tiao (Chinese Index (1963‐); Grove Art Online; Oxford English (transliterated Wade‐Giles) Dictionary; Lucie‐Smith, Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms (2006); Ching, Diccionario Visual de Arquitectura (1997); Preble and Preble, Artforms (1989); RIBA, Architectural Keywords (1982); Van Dale groot woordenboek (1994); IfM Berlin; TAA database (2000‐); AAT‐ Ned (1994‐) Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Scope of each Sample record Hierarchical Rels. (polyhierarchical) Getty vocabulary TGN_ID: 300011329 Names: Siena (pref, en,it,de,nl,fr,es) Sienna (en, it) TGN Sienne (fr) Σιένα (el) Getty Thesaurus of 锡耶纳 (zh) Associative Rels Geographic Names® Сиена (ru) Place Types he) AAT LINKS) סיינה Focuses on places relevant to art, シエーナ(ja) architecture, and related Sienese (en,adj) disciplines, recording names, Senae (historical, la) relationships, place types, dates, Saena Julia (historical, la) notes, and coordinates for current Sena (historical, Etruscan) and historical cities, nations, empires, archaeological sites, lost settlements, and physical features Is a thesaurus, but through LOD TGN may be linked to GIS and maps

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Sample record Nationalities: Scope of each Spanish (pref) ULAN_ID: 500014514 Catalan Getty vocabulary Roles: AAT Names: artist (pref) Gaudí, Antoni (ca,es,en,fr,it) architect landscape architect LINKS ULAN Antoni Gaudí furniture designer Cornet, Antoni Gaudí Gender: male Cornet, Antonio Gaudí y Birth and Death Places: TGN Gaudí, Antoní Born: Reus (Tarragona province, Catalonia, Spain)) Union List of Artist Names® (inhab place) Gaudí i Cornet, Antonio Died: Barcelona (Barcelona province, Catalonia, Spain) Includes names, relationships, Gaudí Jornet, Antoni (inhab place) notes, sources, and Gaudí y Cornet, Antoni Associative Relationships: collaborated with .... Torres-García, Joaquín (Uruguayan biographical information for Gaudí Jornet, Antoni painter and theorist, 1874-1949) 1903-1904 [500031259] Gaodi, Antoni artists, architects, firms, worked with … Martorell y Montells, Joan (Spanish studios, repositories, Gaudi, Antonio architect, 1833-1906) [500072753] ,he) student of .... Sala Cortes, Emilio (Spanish architect) גאודי, אנטוני patrons, sitters, and other 安东尼∙高迪 (zh) active late 19th century) [500287019] individuals and corporate Contributors: bodies, both named and VP,JPGM,Avery,FRICK, WCI,Prov,GRLPSC,BHA,CCA Sources: Avery Authority files (1963-); Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals (1963-); Grove anonymous Art artist database (1989-); Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) accessed 13 August 2003; Harald Szeemann papers, Finding Aid, GRI Special Collections (2011-); Library of Congress Authorities database (n.d.) n 79079077

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright AAT links Sample record role/characteristic is ... bodhisattva AAT Scope of each symbolic attribute is ... lotus TGN IA_ID: 1000085 culture/religion is ... Mahayana (Buddhism) ULAN Getty vocabulary culture/religion is ... Theravada (Buddhism) CONA Names: Hierarchical Relationships Avalokiteshvara (en) LINKS IA Avalokiteśvara (en) Avalokitesvara (en) Getty Iconography Authority अवलोिकतवरे (sa) Associative Relationships ན་རས་གཟིགས (bo) associated with .... Krishna (Hindu ideity) New resource that focuses on Spyan ras gzigs (Tibetan counterpart is …. Guanyin (Buddhist bodhisattva) counterpart is .... Tara (Hindu-Buddhist deity) subjects and topics relevant to transliterated) has as manifestation .... Amoghapasa (Buddhist character) author of .... Great Compassion Mantra (incantation, Buddhist, art, architecture, and related translated 7th/8th century) disciplines Note The bodhisattva of infinite compassion and mercy; embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. This bodhisattva is Includes multilingual and portrayed in different cultures as either female or male… multicultural proper names, Contributors & sources relationships, and dates for [VP,Rijksmuseum] Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-); Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World iconographical narratives, Religions (1997); Huntington, Art of Ancient India (1985); LC: LC control no.: sh 85010492 religious or fictional LINKS to other resources: LOC, Iconclass characters, themes, historical events, and named literary works and performing arts

detail of portrait, by Pietro Longhi, in Ca' Rezzonico, Venice Getty vocabularies merge ULAN_500017409 • Compiled resources = multiple contributed records contributors, separate records for JPGM: tmsid_3041 Names: same entity Guardi, Francesco Guardi, Francesco Francesco Guardi • Published as unified records for end users Witt: WCI_20934875 Gardi, Francesco Guardi, Francesco Garde, Francesco Gardis, Francesco • Rather than clustering, Getty vocabularies Avery: avery_ 49856 François Guardi merge the data into a homogenous whole Guardi, Francesco

• The attribution to the contributor and BHA: bha_8476 Nationalities: sources are retained Guardi, Francesco Italian Venetian Links to images GRIPA: pa_3874665 http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/226156 LINK back to contributed data Guardi, Francesco Roles: artist PROV: pr_3874665 painter Guardi, Francesco landscapist

Getty vocabularies merge contributed records

• Candidates for merging • Automatically merged or rejected for merging • Possible but not enough firm data = passed to human editors

• Long experience in perfecting algorithms  Reconciliation tools are under development by Getty Digital A name matches exactly; role matches; a nationality matches; dates within range?

Attribution to Contributors AVERY, BHA, GRISC, GRL, GRLPA, PROV, VP, WCI, WCP, contributor and WL‐Courtauld source is maintained, Sources but merged, unified, Avery Authority files (1963‐) and “preferred” is Harald Szeemann papers, Finding Aid, GRI Special flagged Collections (2011‐) J. Paul Getty Museum, collections online (2000‐) Library of Congress Authorities database (n.d.) n 50074509 M. Knoedler & Co. records, Finding Aid, GRI Special Collections (2012‐) Provenance Index Databases, Authority file (1985‐) RILA/BHA (1975‐2000) Witt Library, Authority files

VIAF ID: 27073465 (Personal) In VIAF: Virtual International Authority File

(ULAN is a contributor to VIAF)

Hierarchical Relationships Links within a Vocabulary:

Associative Thesaural Relationships Relationships

“SUBJECT” Source simplified MAIN TABLE controlled basic record information, Entity Relationship unique ID, parent_key, record type, Relationship descriptive/scope note, flags Types Diagram controlled

Language NAMES / TERMS Biography Revision controlled multiple display bio, names, one is flagged History birth/death Contributor preferred; dates for names Coordinates editor name, • All 5 vocabularies dates, places action, date of controlled have same core action Nationality structure Language controlled Contributors Events • Tables then added event, dates PLACE TYPES/ROLES for specific fields Events Sources multiple Nationality place types or roles, one is controlled (ULAN) flagged preferred, dates Location ASSOCIATIVE controlled RELATIONSHIPS links between subjects, Place Type / dates Role controlled

© J. Paul Getty Trust, author: Patricia Harpring. August 2018 For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Relationships and linking are built into Getty vocabularies The Getty Vocabularies Are Thesauri . Thesaurus: A semantic network of unique concepts LINKS via thesaurus AAT . Thesauri may be monolingual or multilingual . Thesauri may have the following three relationships: Objects Facet hierarchical . Equivalence Relationships .. Built Environment . Hierarchical Relationships .... Single Built Works . Associative Relationships ..... ...... monuments associative ...... memorial arches ...... triumphal arches triumphal processions triumphal arches triumphal procession triumphal arch Triumphzug 凱旋門 (紀念性拱門) procession triomphale kǎi xuán mén processione trionfale locus/setting for triomfbogenequivalenceequivalence procesion triunfal Triumphbögen archi trionfali arcos de triunfo

© J. Paul Getty Trust, author: Patricia Harpring. August 2018 For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Relationships and linking are built into Getty vocabularies AAT_ID: 300132869 Terms: ∙ triumphal arches [1000007003] Qual: (memorial arches) Equivalence Relationship Pref: pref Type: D Lang: (en) Con.: FDA, GCI, VP ∙ triumphal arch [1000290974] Qual: (memorial arch) Terms are synonyms Type: ALT Lang: (en) Con.: FDA, VP ∙凱旋門 Qual: (紀念性拱門) [1000545314] Type: D Lang: (zh, Chinese (traditional)) Con.: AS • Links between terms in one record ∙ kǎixuánmén[1000545316] Lang: (zh, Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)) • true synonymy, so meanings are Con.: AS ∙ kai xuan men [1000545315] Lang: (zh, Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without identical or as nearly identical as tones)) Con.: AS possible (re. parts of speech, etc.) AAT_ID: 300132869∙ k'ai hsüan men [1000545317] Lang: (zh, ChineseLINKS (transliterated between Wade‐Giles)) terms Con.: AS Terms: ∙ triomfbogen [1000467730] Type: D Lang: (nl) Con.: RKD, AAT‐Ned • Precision in indexing and retrieval ∙ triumphal ∙ archestriomfboog [1000007003[1000467731] Lang:] Qual: (nl) Con.: (memorialRKD, AAT‐Ned arches) ∙ Triumphbögen[1000603579] Qual: (Ehrenbögen) Pref: pref Type: D Lang: (en) Con.: FDA, GCI, VP • Links facilitated by unique IDs Type: D Lang: (de) Con.: IfM‐SMB‐PK ∙ triumphal ∙ archTriumphbogen [1000290974[1000603580] ]Qual: Qual: (Ehrenbögen) (memorial arch) Lang: (de) Con.: IfM‐SMB‐PK Type: ALT Lang:∙ archi (en) trionfali Con.:[1000131380 FDA, VP] ∙凱旋門 Qual:Type: (紀念性拱門 D Lang: (it) Con.:) [ ICCD1000545314] Type: D Lang:∙ arcos (zh, de Chinese triunfo [ 1000415271(traditional))] Con.: AS Type: D Lang: (es) Con.: CDBP‐SNPC ∙ arco de triunfo [1000415272] Lang: (es) Con.: CDBP‐SNPC ∙ arcs de triomphe [1000777382] Type: D Lang: (fr) Con.: AAT‐AD ∙ arc de triomphe [1000777381] Lang: (fr) Con.: AAT‐AD Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Relationships and linking are built into Getty vocabularies AAT_ID: 300132869 Terms: ∙ triumphal arches [1000007003] Qual: (memorial arches) Equivalence Relationship Pref: pref Type: D Lang: (en) Con.: FDA, GCI, VP ∙ triumphal arch [1000290974] Qual: (memorial arch) Terms carry additional data Type: ALT Lang: (en) Con.: FDA, VP ∙凱旋門 Qual: (紀念性拱門) [1000545314] Type: D Lang: (zh, Chinese (traditional)) Con.: AS ∙ kǎixuánmén[1000545316] Lang: (zh, Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)) • Information associated with the terms Con.: AS allow for linking and classification ∙ kai xuan men [1000545315] Lang: (zh, Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)) Con.: AS AAT_ID and Term IDs (linkable) AAT_ID: 300132869∙ k'ai hsüan men [1000545317] Term Lang: (zh, ChineseLINKS (transliterated between Wade‐Giles)) terms Con.: AS Terms: ∙ triomfbogen [1000467730] Type: D Lang: (nl) Con.: RKD, AAT‐Ned Term type (D,ALT, UF) ∙ triumphal ∙ archestriomfboog [1000007003[1000467731] Lang:] Qual: (nl) Con.: (memorialRKD, AAT‐Ned arches) Qualifier ∙ Triumphbögen[1000603579] Qual: (Ehrenbögen) Language Pref: pref Type:Type: D D Lang: Lang: (de) (en) Con.:Con.: IfM‐SMB FDA,‐PK GCI, VP ∙ triumphal ∙ archTriumphbogen [1000290974[1000603580] ]Qual: Qual: (Ehrenbögen) (memorial arch) Contributor Lang: (de) Con.: IfM‐SMB‐PK Sources Type: ALT Lang:∙ archi (en) trionfali Con.:[1000131380 FDA, VP] Term preferences: for record, ∙凱旋門 Qual:Type: (紀念性拱門 D Lang: (it) Con.:) [ ICCD1000545314] contributor, language, source Type: D Lang:∙ arcos (zh, de Chinese triunfo [ 1000415271(traditional))] Con.: AS Type: D Lang: (es) Con.: CDBP‐DIBAM ∙ arco de triunfo [1000415272] Lang: (es) Con.: CDBP‐DIBAM ∙ arcs de triomphe [1000777382] Type: D Lang: (fr) Con.: AAT‐AD ∙ arc de triomphe [1000777381] Lang: (fr) Con.: AAT‐AD Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Relationships and linking are built into Getty vocabularies AAT_ID: 300132869 Terms: ∙ triumphal arches [1000007003] Qual: (memorial arches) Equivalence Relationship Pref: pref Type: D Lang: (en) Con.: FDA, GCI, VP ∙ triumphal arch [1000290974] Qual: (memorial arch) Terms carry additional data Type: ALT Lang: (en) Con.: FDA, VP ∙凱旋門 Qual: (紀念性拱門) [1000545314] Type: D Lang: (zh, Chinese (traditional)) Con.: AS ∙ kǎixuánménSources:[1000545316] Lang: (zh, Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)) LINKS to other resources Con.: AATAAS database (2002‐) 129984 checked 26 January 2012 ∙ kai xuanBrilliant, men [1000545315 Roman Art] Lang:(1974) (zh, index Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones))Candidate Con.: AS term Candidate term ‐ ADAG ‐ 10/1985 • Linkable to outside resources AAT_ID: 300132869∙ k'ai hsüan men [1000545317] Copplestone, ed., World Architecture (1966) glossary • Reference to the resource Lang: (zh, Chinese (transliterated Wade‐Giles)) Con.: AS Terms: ∙ triomfbogenHarris, [Illustrated1000467730 Dictionary] Type: D Lang: of(nl) Historic Con.: RKD, Architecture AAT‐Ned (2013) is provided ∙ triumphal ∙ archestriomfboogLibrary [1000007003[1000467731 of Congress] Lang: Authorities] Qual: (nl) Con.: (memorialRKD, online AAT (2002‐Ned ‐ )arches) sh 85006535 ∙ Triumphbögen[1000603579] Qual: (Ehrenbögen) Pref: pref Type:Type: D D Lang: Lang: (de) (en) Con.:Con.: IfM‐SMB FDA,‐PK GCI, VP ∙ triumphal ∙ archesarchTriumphbogen [1000290974 [1000007003[1000603580] ]Qual:] Qual: (Ehrenbögen) (memorial arch) Lang: (de) Con.: IfM‐SMB‐PK Type: ALT Lang:∙ archi (en) trionfali Con.:[1000131380 FDA, VP] ∙凱旋門 Qual:Type: (紀念性拱門 D Lang: (it) Con.:) [ ICCD1000545314] Type: D Lang:∙ arcos (zh, de Chinese triunfo [ 1000415271(traditional))] Con.: AS Type: D Lang: (es) Con.: CDBP‐DIBAM ∙ arco de triunfo [1000415272] Lang: (es) Con.: CDBP‐DIBAM ∙ arcs de triomphe [1000777382] Type: D Lang: (fr) Con.: AAT‐AD ∙ arc de triomphe [1000777381] Lang: (fr) Con.: AAT‐AD Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Relationships and linking are built into Getty vocabularies Equivalence Relationship LOD = How to expedite publication of less LU = Local Use than optimal data? LINKS –when to ignore them • Authoritativeness of the Getty vocabularies is warranted by their accuracy and basis in scholarship • Flag Rembrandt van Rijn = Preferred = most commonly used names in published, scholarly or expert resources • Also include common names, historical names, nicknames, ULAN common published misspellings, signatures, etc. = variant names

• Usually avoid unique misspellings or unique archival variants • However, for Provenance Index LOD, experimented with the Local Use flag, names may be ignored by other implementers • Names found in a unique inventory or sales catalog • But not a scalable solution; better to retain a local authority and contribute to ULAN the names useful to a broader community

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Relationships and linking are built into Getty vocabularies AAT Hierarchical Relationship Hierarchical Relationships Objects Facet What are types of hierarchical .. Built Environment (hierarchy name) (G) relationships? .... Single Built Works (hierarchy name) (G) • Hierarchical relationships = broader and narrower ...... single built works (built environment) (G) (parent/child) relationships between two entities ...... (G) in a thesaurus; 3 types of relationships ...... (G) ...... monuments (G) • genus/species = AAT triumphal arches is a type of ...... (G) memorial arches ...... memorial arches (G) • whole/part = TGN ...... triumphal arches (memorial arches) (G) Machupicchu is part of Cuzco (region), LINKS via hierarchy which is part of Peru • instance = Getty IA Penance of Indra is an instance of

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Relationships and linking are built into Getty vocabularies AAT Hierarchical Relationship Hierarchical Relationships (polyhierarchical) Using the polyhierarchy for linking Objects Facet .. Built Environment (hierarchy name) (G) • Links = preferred .... Single Built Works (hierarchy name) (G) parents ...... single built works (built environment) (G) also non‐ ...... (G) preferred parents ...... (G) • E.g., linking ...... monuments (G) triumphal arches In Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China ...... (G) to ...... memorial arches (G) p’ai‐lous as ...... triumphal arches (memorial arches) (G) siblings under LINKS via hierarchy ceremonial gates, as well as under monuments

In Munich, Germany

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Relationships and linking are built into Getty vocabularies Hierarchical Relationship LINKS – hierarchy for uncertain data LOD= How to expedite publication of less than optimal data in hierarchy? TGN • Linking: How to allow publication of data not fully resolved? • Due to incomplete information for cataloger or state of scholarship • E.g., hierarchical levels where specific applicable level is not known placed under broader context, lost & found • E.g., Abaskūn, a trading port city on the Caspian Sea, 9th‐century literary sources = located within area of modern‐day Iran – scholars don’t know which province ?

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Relationships and linking are built into Getty vocabularies Hierarchical Relationship LINKS – hierarchy for uncertain data ULAN How to expedite publication of less than optimal data in hierarchy?

• Unidentified named … levels used in ULAN and CONA for entities not yet identified • E.g., ULAN, people and firms contributed by Provenance Index, Witt, Getty Special Collections finding aids, etc.

• Some may be resolved via research or expert crowd sourcing in future

• Relationships between records closely related conceptually, but not hierarchical • Relationship type is defined

2427 things – produced by – activity/event 2428 activity/event – produces –things

AAT 300007868 suspension bridges 2427 [are] produced by AAT 300418008 suspension construction (technique)

• In preparation for LOD releases, relationships that had been maintained by hand had to be corrected if logic was off or relationship types incorrect

Associative Relationship ULAN Links between records in one vocabulary: Dates of relationship LINKS –DATES for link • E.g., ULAN, reciprocal relationships teacher/student 1101 person – teacher of –person 1102 person – student of –person Japanese printmaker Katsushika Hokusai [was] teacher of Katsushika Taito II • As with other relationships in vocabulary records, the relationship may be circumscribed with dates

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright The Getty vocabularies are Links between linked to each other Vocabularies

• Certain data within each Getty vocabulary = controlled through links to other vocabularies

• Even before linking between vocabularies was technically practical, fields controlled by extensible lists from other vocabularies

• E.g., roles in ULAN (e.g., artist, watercolorist, portraitist, patron, emperor) = controlled by Agents Facet in AAT

• Going from hand‐made lists to LOD required cleaning up inconsistencies

Links between LINKS – controlled lists  links vocabularies AAT record TGNTGN

Links between LINKS – controlled lists  links Many links cannot vocabularies be made automatically ULAN Nat. term AAT _ID match AAT Term_ID AAT term

false match (canvas (textile material))

no match

ambiguous match

Current and Future Goal:

• Relationships from the Getty vocabularies to other resources within the Getty and outside • E.g., Provenance Index data

• Getty vocabularies accessible in other resources • E.g., AAT in Chile, Netherlands, Taiwan, Germany • TGN, ULAN, AAT in collections management systems, etc.

• Various institutions have linked to Getty vocabularies • E.g., Te Papa, MoMA https://github.com /MuseumofModer nArt/collecton Gilcrease Museum https://collectons. gilcrease.org/objec twining t/1526167

• Examples of aligning or co‐referencing Getty vocabularies The SPARQL API is different from the other Europeana APIs in that it allows you to explore connections between Europeana data and outside • https://pro.europea data sources, like VIAF, Iconclass, Getty Vocabularies (AAT) … na.eu/page/europea na‐aat

• The Ariadne project http://www.ariadne‐ infrastructure.eu/Re sources/AAT/Mappi ngs‐to‐AAT

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Creation Date: Sample record original structure What is CONA dated from 4th CONA ID: 700000141 century CE; present LINKS structure built 532-537 CE; rebuilt in 12th Titles/Names: century ULAN Names/titles and other Hagia Sophia (en) Creator Display: Anthemios of Tralles information about many types of Ayasofya (tr) (Byzantine, ca. 474- works, built and unbuilt, Αγία Σοφία (el) ca. 534) and Isidoros of Meletus, the Elder ULAN historical and current, extant and Agia Sofia (Byzantine, active destroyed, groups and items Agia Sophia mid-6th century) LINKS Locations: TGN Haghia Sophia Current: İstanbul (Turkey) LINKS and RELATIONSHIPS Sainte‐Sophie (fr) Address Note: 41.008548°N; 28.979938°E Mat & Tech: system bearing masonry, centralized plan; ashlar and brick; • Thesaural relationships, Santa Sofía (es) interior surfaces are sheathed with polychrome marble, porphyry, and AAT Sancta Sophia (la) mosaics equivalence, associative, Dimensions: central dome: diameter 31 meters (102 feet); height 56 meters hierarchical Sancta Sapientia (la) (184 feet) Holy Wisdom (en) Styles: • Powerful links and Byzantine | Ottoman AAT Saint Sophia (en) relationships within a CONA, 圣索菲亚大教堂 (zh) General Subject: between CONA records, and to architecture Type: isness AAT Catalog Level: item religion and mythology Extent: purpose TGN the other Getty vocabularies Specific Subjects: ULAN Work Types: Holy Wisdom (Christian allegory) CONA church (historical) AAT IA mosque (historical) Contributors: museum VP; BWR basilica Sources: Maidstone, Hagia Sophia (1988); Built Works Registry database (2015-) BWR3782560; Fleming, Penguin Dictionary of Classification: Architecture (1999); Theoharidou, Architecture of Hagia Sophia architecture (1988); UNESCO World Heritage Centre [online] (1992-) C356 Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Sample record Creation Date: How will CONA be used? Ideas original structure dated from 4th for Getty use, and beyond CONA ID: 700000141 century CE; present structure built 532-537 • Compiled in CONA 9,000 of CE; rebuilt in 12th Titles/Names: century records to represent many ULAN Hagia Sophia (en) Creator Display: types of works and Ayasofya (tr) Anthemios of Tralles relationships in order to test (Byzantine, ca. 474- Αγία Σοφία (el) ca. 534) and Isidoros hypotheses about content, ULAN Agia Sofia of Meletus, the Elder required fields, editorial (Byzantine, active Agia Sophia mid-6th century) LINKS guidelines, data model Haghia Sophia Locations: TGN 1300 records from GRISC Current: İstanbul (Turkey) Sainte‐Sophie (fr) Address Note: 41.008548°N; 28.979938°E 3700 records from JPGM Mat & Tech: system bearing masonry, centralized plan; ashlar and brick; Santa Sofía (es) AAT • Now analyzing how CONA can interior surfaces are sheathed with polychrome marble, porphyry, and Sancta Sophia (la) mosaics be most useful for GRI and Dimensions: central dome: diameter 31 meters (102 feet); height 56 meters Sancta Sapientia (la) (184 feet) beyond Holy Wisdom (en) Styles: decisions being considered by Byzantine | Ottoman AAT Saint Sophia (en) Digital Initiatives section 圣索菲亚大教堂 (zh) General Subject: (headed by Anne Helmreich, architecture Type: isness AAT Catalog Level: item religion and mythology Extent: purpose TGN Associate Director) Specific Subjects: ULAN • Development driven by needs Work Types: Holy Wisdom (Christian allegory) CONA church (historical) AAT IA of GRI projects and community, mosque (historical) Contributors: several possibilities museum VP; BWR basilica Sources: Maidstone, Hagia Sophia (1988); Built Works Registry • Contributors: database (2015-) BWR3782560; Fleming, Penguin Dictionary of Classification: Architecture (1999); Theoharidou, Architecture of Hagia Sophia Built Works Registry, etc. architecture (1988); UNESCO World Heritage Centre [online] (1992-) C356 Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Broadened Scope of CONA: Major subdivisions Built Works • Structures or parts of structures that are the result of conscious construction, are of practical use, are relatively stable and permanent, and are of a size and scale appropriate for—but not limited to— habitable buildings Movable Works • The visual arts and other cultural works that are of the type collected by art museums and special collections, or by an ethnographic, anthropological, or other museum, or owned by a private collector; Examples include paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, manuscripts, photographs, ceramics, textiles, furniture, and other visual media such as frescoes and architectural sculpture, performance art, archaeological artifacts, and various functional objects that are from the realm of material culture and of the type collected by museums Conceptual Works • Multiples: records for series as a concept, conceptual records for multiples (made from same plate, negative, mold, etc.), and other similar records; physical works, such as prints that belong to a series, may be linked to conceptual record for the series (similar to FRBR “work”) Visual Surrogates • Images and three-dimensional works intended to be surrogates for the works depicted, for example study photographs; does not include works considered themselves works of art (e.g., Julius Shulman) Unidentified Named Works • Works described in archival inventories or other sources, but their identity is not established (e.g., Provenance Index inventories, or named architecture in finding aids) Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Works depicted in visual surrogates Possible Development would be driven implementations by needs, if any, of PhotoTech project • Relationship for subjects may be one way of CONA (Records linked to CONA, not necessarily ingested) • Associative Relationships CONA_ID: 700008694 Class.: paintings are reciprocal CONA_ID: 700008701 Class.: visual surrogate VelázquezTitles: et Equestrian al copy in Portrait the Uffizi of Philip after IV Rubens Titles: EquestrianSurrogate Portrait in GRI of Photo Philip ArchiveIV Filippo IV, re di Spagna Work Types: study photograph [300403973] Work Types: painting (visual work) Potential CONA project Creation Date: unknown Creation Date: ca. 1645 • CONA as resource for works Creator Display: unknown photographer Creator Display: Diego Velázquez and assistants; artist Rubens, Peter Paul (Flemish after Peter Paul Rubens, now lost depicted in visual surrogates painter, 1577‐1640) Extent: work depicted LINK Locations: Galleria degli Uffizi (Florence, Firenze or in other works [500002921] province, Tuscany, Italy) [500125191] • GRI Photo Archive = capture Locations: Getty Research Institute Photo Archive Repository Numbers: 1890:792 Repository Numbers: STAR Record: 197312 Address Note: Room 41: Rubens specific Display Materials: oil on canvas information about massive Display Materials: photograph Dimensions: 338 x 267 cm Dimensions: undetermined subject General Subject: portraits Photo Archive collection General Subject: another work (preferred) Specific Subjects: Specific Subjects: equestrian portrait [300403976] (AAT) Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV [700008694] Velázquez et al Philip IV, King of Spain (Spanish king, 1605‐1665) [500282775] copy after Rubens (ULAN) List/Hierarchical Position: Related Works: ..... Visual Surrogates pastiche copy after .... Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV [700008695] ...... Study photographs of Dutch paintings and drawings (post‐1600) ...... painting (visual work); Peter Paul Rubens; now lost; 1628‐ Sources and Contributors: 1629 [VP] Sources and Contributors: GRI Photo Archives database (1974‐) [VP] ...... Fossi, Uffizi Gallery (2001) ...... GRI Photo Archives database (1974‐)

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Works depicted in visual surrogates Possible implementations • Relationship for subjects may be one way of CONA • Associative Relationships are reciprocal CONA_ID: 700008701 Class.: visual surrogate Velázquez et al copy in the Uffizi after Rubens Titles: EquestrianSurrogate Portrait in GRI of Photo Philip ArchiveIV CONA_ID: 700008694 Class.: paintings Work Types: study photograph [300403973] Titles: Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV Potential CONA project Creation Date: unknown Filippo IV, re di Spagna • CONA as resource for works Creator Display: unknown photographer Work Types: painting (visual work) artist Rubens, Peter Paul (Flemish Creation Date: ca. 1645 depicted in visual surrogates painter, 1577‐1640) Extent: work depicted LINKS Creator Display: Diego Velázquez and assistants; or in other works [500002921] after Peter Paul Rubens, now lost • GRI Photo Archive = capture Locations: Getty Research Institute Photo Archive Locations: Galleria degli Uffizi (Florence, Firenze Repository Numbers: STAR Record: 197312 specific province, Tuscany, Italy) [500125191] information about massive Display Materials: photograph Repository Numbers: 1890:792 Dimensions: undetermined subject Address Note: Room 41: Rubens Photo Archive collection General Subject: another work (preferred) Display Materials: oil on canvas Specific Subjects: Dimensions: 338 x 267 cm Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV [700008694] Velázquez et al • Investigate possibly Pharos General Subject: portraits copy after Rubens Specific Subjects: List/Hierarchical Position: equestrian portrait [300403976] (AAT) application ? ..... Visual Surrogates Philip IV, King of Spain (Spanish king, 1605‐1665) [500282775] ...... Study photographs of Dutch paintings and drawings (post‐1600) (ULAN) (pharosartresearch.org, an Sources and Contributors: Related Works: [VP] pastiche copy after .... Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV [700008695] GRI Photo Archives database (1974‐) international photo archive ...... painting (visual work); Peter Paul Rubens; now lost; 1628‐ 1629 project) Sources and Contributors: [VP] ...... Fossi, Uffizi Gallery (2001) ...... GRI Photo Archives database (1974‐)

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Works depicted in visual surrogates Possible • What is advantage to linking implementations to CONA for work depicted? • Access for all surrogates for of CONA same work • Multilingual access, links, etc. CONA_ID: 700008701 Class.: visual surrogate Velázquez et al copy in the Uffizi after Rubens Titles: EquestrianSurrogate Portrait in GRI of Photo Philip ArchiveIV CONA_ID: 700008694 Class.: paintings Work Types: study photograph [300403973] Titles: Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV Creation Date: unknown Filippo IV, re di Spagna Creator Display: unknown photographer Work Types: painting (visual work) artist Rubens, Peter Paul (Flemish Creation Date: ca. 1645 painter, 1577‐1640) Extent: work depicted Creator Display: Diego Velázquez and assistants; [500002921] LINKS after Peter Paul Rubens, now lost Locations: Getty Research Institute Photo Archive Locations: Galleria degli Uffizi (Florence, Firenze Repository Numbers: STAR Record: 197312 specific province, Tuscany, Italy) [500125191] Display Materials: photograph Repository Numbers: 1890:792 Dimensions: undetermined subject Address Note: Room 41: Rubens General Subject: another work (preferred) Display Materials: oil on canvas Specific Subjects: Dimensions: 338 x 267 cm Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV [700008694] Velázquez et al General Subject: portraits copy after Rubens Specific Subjects: List/Hierarchical Position: equestrian portrait [300403976] (AAT) ..... Visual Surrogates Philip IV, King of Spain (SpanishEnough king, 1605 ‐1665) [500282775] ...... Study photographs of Dutch paintings and drawings (post‐1600) (ULAN) Sources and Contributors: information in Related Works: [VP] pastiche copy after .... Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV [700008695] GRI Photo Archives database (1974‐) surrogate ...... painting (visual work); Peter Paul Rubens; now lost; 1628‐ 1629 records to Sources and Contributors: [VP] make minimal ...... Fossi, Uffizi Gallery (2001) record for work ...... GRI Photo Archives database (1974‐) depicted Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Works depicted in visual surrogates Possible • Photograph in Photo Archive depicts a painting, implementations which in turn is a copy after a lost painting of CONA • Rubens' original painting was destroyed in the fire at the Royal Alcázar of Madrid in 1734

Velázquez et al copy in the Uffizi after Rubens lost painting by Rubens Surrogate in GRI Photo Archive CONA_ID: 700008694 Class.: paintings CONA_ID: 700008695 Class.: paintings CONA_ID: 700008701 Class.: visual surrogate Titles: Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV Filippo IV, re di Spagna Titles: Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV Titles: Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV Filippo IV, re di Spagna Work Types: study photograph [300403973] Work Types: painting (visual work) Creation Date: ca. 1645 Work Types: painting (visual work) Creation Date: unknown Creation Date: 1628‐1629 Creator Display: unknown photographer Creator Display: Diego Velázquez and LINK assistants; after Peter Paul Rubens, now Creator Display: Peter Paul Rubens; artist Rubens, Peter Paul (Flemish now lost painter, 1577‐1640) Extent: work depicted lost LINK Former: Reales Alcázares de Sevilla (Seville, specific Locations: Galleria degli Uffizi (Florence, Firenze [500002921] Andalusia, Spain) [500308918] province, Tuscany, Italy) [500125191] depicts Other: Creation: Madrid, Spain [7010413] Locations: Getty Research Institute Photo Archive subject Repository Numbers: 1890:792 Display Materials: oil on canvas Address Note: Room 41: Rubens Dimensions: undocumented Events: destruction: in the fire at the Royal Alcázar of Madrid in 1734 Repository Numbers: STAR Record: 197312 Display Materials: oil on canvas General Subject: portraits Display Materials: photograph Dimensions: 338 x 267 cm Specific Subjects: General Subject: portraits depicted in equestrian portrait [300403976] (AAT) Dimensions: undetermined Specific Subjects: Philip IV, King of Spain (Spanish king, 1605‐1665) [500282775] (ULAN) equestrian portrait [300403976] (AAT) Related Works: General Subject: another work (preferred) pastiche copy is .... Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV [700008694] Diego Velázquez and Philip IV, King of Spain (Spanish king, 1605‐1665) [500282775] (ULAN) assistants; ca. 1645; Specific Subjects: Related Works: Sources and Contributors: [VP] pastiche copy after .... Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV [700008695] ...... Fossi, Uffizi Gallery (2001) Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV [700008694] Velázquez et al ...... painting (visual work); Peter Paul Rubens; now lost; 1628‐1629 Filippo IV, re di Spagna ...... [VP] copy after Rubens Sources and Contributors: ...... Fossi, Uffizi Gallery (2001) [VP] List/Hierarchical Position: ...... Fossi, Uffizi Gallery (2001) ..... Visual Surrogates ...... GRI Photo Archives database (1974‐) ...... Study photographs of Dutch paintings and drawings (post‐1600) Sources and Contributors: [VP] GRI Photo Archives database (1974‐)

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Movable works linked to architecture depicted Possible Development CONA ID 700000120 implementations would be driven Work Type: architectural drawing of CONA by needs, if any, Title: Case Study House No. 21 of GRI Creator: Pierre Koenig Current Location: GRI Special Collections, Getty Center (Los Angele architectural LINKS California) 2006.M.30‐ documents at GRI CONA ID 700000090 Class. architecture preparatory for Work Type: house Title: Case Study House No. 21 based on Title: Bailey House Title: CSH #21 Creator: architect: Pierre Koenig CONA ID 700008539 Work Type: Creation Date: 1956‐1958; renovated 1998 depicts photograph Dimensions: 1 story, 1320 square feet, 4 Title: Case Study House No. 21 rooms and 2 baths, on a 110 x 160 foot lot Creator: Julius Shulman Mat & Tech: steel frame and flat roof deck depicted in Current Location: Los Angeles (California, Current Location: GRI Special USA) Address Note: 34.116634 ‐ Collections, Getty Center (Los 118.391623; 038 Wonderland Park Avenue, Angeles, California); 2004.R.10‐ Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, 90046 26622‐32‐LF

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Movable works linked to destroyed work Possible Destroyed, ephemeral CONA ID 700001650 implementations triumphal arch CONA ID 700001288 Class.: architecture Title: Arc de triomphe de Loüis XIV a la of CONA Work Type: triumphal arch porte St. Antoine (memorial arch) Location: Getty Research Institute, Title: Arc de Triomphe du Trône LINKS Special Collections (Los Angeles) 2009.PR.68* prints at GRI Location: Paris (France) depicts Creator: based on designs by Charles depicted in Perrault (French architect, 1613‐1688), built by Claude Perrault (French architect, physician, scientist, 1613‐ 1688) CONA ID 700001650 Date: begun 1670, demolished 1716 depicts Title: Arc de Triomphe élevé à la Barrièr Materials: stone and plaster du Trône, en l'honneur de Louis XIV Dimensions: unavailable depicted in Location: Bibliothèque nationale de General subject: architecture France (Paris, $03Ile‐de‐France, France Type: isness VE‐2160 (6)‐BOITE FOL Specific Subject: Louis XIV Extent: honoree ephemeral structure Extent: purpose

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright • Works deaccessioned and deleted CONA ID 700006607 Work Type: sculpture from repository database Title: Greek god Hades Possible Current Location: Museo Archeologico di Aidone Locations: implementations Location: formerly J. Paul Getty Museum Current: Museo archeologico (Aidone, Sicily, Italy) Discovery Location: Morgantina, Italy of CONA Repository Numbers: unavailable Date: about 400‐300 BCE LINKS Former: J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, Materials: terracotta and polychromy California) Dimensions: 10 3/4 x 8 1/16 x 7 5/16 JPGM could record Repository Numbers: former : 85.AD.105 deaccessioned works Creation: Morgantina (Sicily, Italy) in CONA; No longer in • Works in exhibitions, not owned by CONA ID 700009210 Work Type: painting their collections repository hosting the exhibition ID: 700009210 Record Type: Movable Work management system Images: 1 E.g., loaned to JPGM from Kröller‐Müller Aanbidding der koningen (panel painting (painting Stichting (Otterlo, Netherlands) Can also record works by form); Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, 1403‐1482); at a repository for 2nd quarter 15th century; Kröller‐Müller Stichting exhibitions

• Film about art, in retired STAR CONA ID: 700009505 Work Type: film Art on Screen DB Palette of Glass, A: The American Windows Works in databases of Marc Chagall (film (visual work); director, that are being retired, • E.g., Palette of Glass, film about Chagall’s producer, writer: Chuck Olin; features Marc e.g., Art on Screen America Windows Chagall...; 1978

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Possible implementations Let’sCONA consider links parts important to whole linking& associative relationships of CONA characteristics of CONA that could be interesting for research and discovery in future LINKS

Title: Mogao Caves Complex Title: Grottes de Mogao Title: 莫高窟 Record Type: built work Catalog Level: complex Classification: architecture Work Type: complexes (buildings) Creator: various artists AAT Title: Mogao Cave 275 Date: 4th to the 14th century room, space Location: Mogao caves (ancient site) Title: Buddha from Cave 275 (Dunhuang, China) TGN a sculpture Desc. Note: 492 cells and cave sanctuaries in Mogao are famous Patricia Harpring © 2018 for J. Paulstatues Getty and Trust. wall paintings,For educational spanning purposes 1,000 onl yearsy. Do of notBuddhist distribute. art. Images may be under additional copyright Possible CONA has thesaural relationships: implementations equivalence, hierarchical, associative of CONA

LINKS

Title: Mogao Caves Complex Title: Grottes de Mogao Title: 莫高窟 Record Type: built work Catalog Level: complex Classification: architecture Work Type: complexes (buildings) Creator: various artists AAT Title: Mogao Cave 275 Date: 4th to the 14th century room, space Location: Mogao caves (ancient site) Title: Buddha from Cave 275 (Dunhuang, China) TGN a sculpture Desc. Note: 492 cells and cave sanctuaries in Mogao are famous Patricia Harpring © 2018 for J. Paulstatues Getty and Trust. wall paintings,For educational spanning purposes 1,000 onl yearsy. Do of notBuddhist distribute. art. Images may be under additional copyright Movable works linked to destroyed work Possible • Reconstructed Proposed reconstruction of Asciano Altarpiece implementations disassembled works held of CONA in different repositories or locations • Common with manuscripts, paintings, sculpture, architecture, etc. • May be varying opinions on reconstructions LINKS

CONA ID 700008554 Proposed reconstruction of Matteo di Giovanni’s Asciano Altarpiece by Rachel Billinge. Extant panels are now in National Gallery London, Siena, Asciano, Villa I Tatti, Esztergom, Altenburg, Rhode Island, and Private Collections.

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Movable works linked to unrealized work Possible J R Pope’s designs for implementations pyramidal Lincoln Memorial, Washington DC of CONA CONA ID 700008523 Class: drawings Work Type: drawing Title: Pyramid design for the Lincoln Memorial Creator: architect: John Russell Pope; draftsman: attributed to Rockwell Kent LINKS Date: 1912 architecture never built Location: National Archives (Washington, DC) CONA ID 7000xxxx Class: architecture Work Type: unrealized work Title: Pyramid Lincoln Memorial Creator: John Russell Pope Materials: masonry construction Location:

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Movable works linked to conceptual work Possible Conceptual works implementations Multiples, Series of works of CONA • Print at a museum or Single print cataloged as an item special collection is CONA ID 700000091 Cat. Level: item Class: cataloged as prints Work Type: color woodcut Title: Great Wave at Kanagawa; Creator: an item Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); published by Nishimura Eijudo (Japanese, 19th century) Mat & Tech: woodcut, polychrome ink and color • Unique physical item = on paper Dimensions: 25.7 x 37.9 cm (10 1/8 x 14 15/16 linked to conceptual inches) Subject: landscape Specific: Mount Fuji ocean record wave Current Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA), JP1847.

Unique CONA ID 700008518 Cat. Level: series Class: prints Work Type: color woodcuts physical Title: Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji: First Series Title: First Series: Mt. Fuji Views Creator Display: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760–1849); published by Eijudo Japan item  Creation Date 1827-1837 Subject: landscape Specific: Mount Fuji ocean genre scenes meisho-e Current Location: not applicable Style: Edo conceptual Dimensions: 36 prints, average plate size: 24 x 37 cm Mat & Tech: and Techniques: woodcuts, polychrome ink and color on paper record for LINKSDescription: Hokusai produced two series of Views of Mt. Fuji. This is the first series print  a series

CONA ID 700000091 Cat. Level: item Class: prints Work Type: color woodcut Title: Great Wave at Kanagawa; Creator: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); published by Nishimura Eijudo (Japanese, 19th century) Mat & Tech: woodcut, polychrome ink and color on paper Dimensions: 25.7 x 37.9 cm (10 1/8 x 14 15/16 inches) Subject: landscape Specific: Mount Fuji ocean wave Current Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA), JP1847.

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Works linked to Getty vocabularies Possible Value added: Contributions to CONA are reconciled with the Getty vocabularies implementations AAT record of CONA CONA record CONA ID: 700002850 LINKS reconcile Catalog Level item contributors’ data, Classification vessels AAT return a copy to Work Type vase contributor Title Blue and White Glazed Globular Vase 明永樂青花龍紋天球瓶 Creator unknown Chinese ULAN AAT Creation Date 1403/1424 CE TGN General Subject utilitarian objects ULAN Specific | animal | dragon CONA Current Location National Palace IA Museum (Taipei, Taiwan) ULAN Repository Number: 012547N000000000

Dimensions 42.9 cm high and 9.7 cm diameter; foot diameter 15.8 cm AAT Mat & Tech: blue and white porcelain | porcelain (material) | blue-and-white (ceramic glaze)

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Works linked to outside resources Merging information from multiple contributors Possible • CONA ID uniquely identifies the implementations work in CONA CONA ID: 700002923 • Links to other IDs, such as LOC, of CONA Catalog Level item Classification architecture VIAF, BWR Work Type building complex | temple Title/Name Temple of Heaven (en) Tian Tan (zh-tr) | T'ien-t'an (zh-tr) | 天坛 (zh) | 天壇 (zh) | 천단 (ko) Creator [display] first built by Ming Chengzu (1360-1424); extended by Ming Shizong (1507-1567); renovated by Qianlong (1711-1799) Creation Date [display]: 1530, during Ming dynasty General Subject architecture Type: isness Specific Earth [TGN 7030638] Extent: dedication Current Location Beijing (Beijing Shi (municipality), China) (nation) Address Note: 39°57′05″N 116°24′36″E Dimensions [display] entire complex: 237 hecatres Mat & Tech [display] wood and stone [wood AAT 300011914 | stone AAT 300011176] Style: Chinese [AAT 300018322] | Taoist [AAT 300143666] Contributors JPGM VP GRISC BWR LINKS Sources Built Works Registry BWR3792244; Library of Congress Authorities online (2002-) n2011019454; Fodor's Travel (2016); J. Paul Getty Museum, collections online (2000-); Great Buildings Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educationalOnline purposes (1997-) only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Multiple opinions for information re. the work Possible CONA ID: 700000178 • E.g., Opinions on the date implementations Catalog Level item may vary of CONA Classification paintings Work Type panel painting | altarpiece Title Adoration of the Magi Adorazione dei Magi (repository title) Creator Bartolo di Fredi (Sienese painter, active by 1353, died 1410) Creation Date [display] 1380s/1390s; some scholars date it ca. 1400 or later execution Start Date 1380 End Date 1399 alternative date Start Date 1395 End Date 1409 General Subject religion and mythology | human figures Specific | Adoration of the Magi Extent: foreground | Siena | horses | Holy Family | gold | frankincense | myrrh | Journey of the Magi Extent: background | king | deity | death | Epiphany | Three Ages of Man Current Location Pinacoteca Nazionale di Siena (Siena, Italy); Repository No no. 104 Dimensions 195 x 158 cm (76 x 61 5/8 inches) Mat & Tech tempera on panel LINKS Contributors BHA VP CD PNS GRI-PA Sources Pinacoteca Nazionale di Siena (2002-); Boucher and Fiorini, Magi Reconstructed (2012); Cole, Sienese Painting (1985); Freuler, Bartolo di Fredi (1994); Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educationalHarpring, purposes onl Bartoloy. Do not distribute. di Fredi (1992) Images may be under additional copyright Multiple opinions Collocates IDs for this unique work Possible Link back to site, to LOD, or other CONA ID: 700000178 resource for the same work implementations Catalog Level item of CONA Classification paintings Work Type panel painting | altarpiece Title Adoration of the Magi Adorazione dei Magi (repository title) Creator Bartolo di Fredi (Sienese painter, active by 1353, died 1410) Creation Date [display] 1380s/1390s; some scholars date it ca. 1400 or later execution Start Date 1380 End Date 1399 alternative date Start Date 1395 End Date 1409 General Subject religion and mythology | human figures Specific | Adoration of the Magi Extent: foreground | Siena | horses | Holy Family | gold | frankincense | myrrh | Journey of the Magi Extent: background | king | deity | death | Epiphany | Three Ages of Man Current Location Pinacoteca Nazionale di Siena (Siena, Italy); Repository No no. 104 LINK to repository data Dimensions 195 x 158 cm (76 x 61 5/8 inches) Mat & Tech tempera and gold leaf on panel Contributors BHA VP CD PNS GRI-PA Sources Pinacoteca Nazionale di Siena (2002-); Boucher and Fiorini, Magi Reconstructed (2012); Cole, Sienese Painting (1985); Freuler, Bartolo di Fredi (1994);

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educationalHarpring, purposes onl Bartoloy. Do not distribute.di Fredi (1992) Images may be under additional copyright Works linked to subjects depicted Possible Value added: Contributions to CONA may be indexed for subject depicted access implementations OCLC survey, of core fields missing is subject depicted of CONA Mining titles and text for subjects depicted, missing from museum data LINKS Controlled by AAT, ULAN, TGN, CONA, and IA IA ID 1000045 CONA ID 70000012 Class: Pre‐Colombian art Work Type: vessel Names Title:General Vessel Subject: with Mythological Scene • Xibalba Creator• religion Display: and unknown mythology Maya [General Subject ID 31801] • Place of Fear Current Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, NewSpecific York, USA) Subjects: ID: 1978.412.206 ULAN ID 500329587 Role• Xibalba [cont.] : artist (Mayan : unknown underworld) Maya [IA 1000045] Names *Creation Date: 8th century [cont.]: Start: 0700 End: 0799 • Baby Jaguar (Mayan king, ruled ca. 317 BCE) • Unen Bahlam *Subject display: Scene in the realm of the Lords of Death, with Baby Jaguar and a skeleton [ULAN 500329587] • Baby Jaguar [link to authorities]: Xibalbá (Maya iconography) underworld skeleton death ax• altarman celebration (male human) Baby Jaguar [AAT 300025928] Creation• Location: Petén Department (Guatemala) AAT ID 300191778 *Measurements:skeleton height: (animal 14 cm (5 ½component) inches) [AAT 300191778] [contr.• ax Value: (weapon) 14 Unit: cm [AATType: height 300024664] Terms *Mat & Tech: and Techniques: terracotta : terracotta vase painting • skeleton [English] Description:• altar Straight[AAT‐ 300003725]sided ceramic vessels with painted decoration comprising complex• death scenes were[AAT common 300151836] in eighth‐century Maya art. The "codex‐style" • beendergestel [Dutch] painting depicts a scene in the realm of the Lords of Death, where a dancing figure holds• celebration a long‐handled axe [AATand a handstone. 300152441] On a monster‐head altar lies Baby • esqueleto [Spanish] Jaguar, a deity figure, and beside the altar is a dancing, a skeletal death figure. The

meaning has been variously interpreted as depicting either sacrifice or celebration. • squelette [Italian] Note Source: Metropolitan Museum of Art on line 骨架 Patricia• Harpring[Chinese] © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Examples in CONA and IA Examples in CONA

Arc de triomphe de Loüis XIV a la porte St. Antoine (print – with link to built work) http://vocab.getty.edu/page/cona/700001650

Case Study House 21 (architectural drawing –with link to built work): http://vocab.getty.edu/page/cona/700000120

Equestrian Portrait of Philip IV (study photograph –link to work depicted*) http://vocab.getty.edu/page/cona/700008701

Palette of Glass (Art on Screen): http://vocab.getty.edu/page/cona/700009505

Florentine Codex (subject of research): http://vocab.getty.edu/page/cona/700009561

[Example in IA] Xibalba: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/ia/901000045

Patricia Harpring © 2018 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright Conclusion linchpins SN: Pins inserted through the end of an axletree to secure the wheel or other part from sliding off the axle

AAT TGN ULAN IA CONA

• The Getty vocabularies are used to link to each Vocabularies other and to Getty resources and outside resources

AAT TGN ULAN IA CONA

• The Getty vocabularies are constructed to allow their use in linked data • Releasing the Getty vocabularies as Linked Open Data = transformative effect on research • Digitizing data does not necessarily ensure that it will be usable or used • Continue to investigate optimizing and exploiting the power of the Getty vocabularies • Working with the broader user community to improve possibilities for research and discovery • Look for: possibly Reconciliation Tools; LOUD (“usable”); Linked.Art (exchange format) [Getty Digital]

Patricia Harpring Managing Editor Getty Vocabulary Program

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