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Labidostomis Diversifrons Lefevre على أشجار الفستق الحلبي في سورية

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Labidostomis Diversifrons Lefevre على أشجار الفستق الحلبي في سورية بوفاعور وب ومحدان-اجملةل السورية للبحوث الزراعية 4)4(:140-144. اكنون ا ألول/ديس ميرب 2017 140 التسجيل اﻷول لخنفساء Labidostomis diversifrons Lefevre على أشجار الفستق الحلبي في سورية مازن بوفاعور*)1( و ارمي ب وحمدان )1(. مركز بحوث السويداء، الهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية، دمشق، سورية. )*للم ارسلة: د. مازن بوفاعور. البريد اﻹلكتروني: [email protected](. تاريخ القبول: 26/02/2017 تاريخ اﻻستﻻم: 2017/09/14 الملخص أجري مسح حقلي لعدد من حقول الفستق الحلبي في محافظة السويداء، سورية، أظهرت نتائج المسح انتشار نوع حشري جديد يسجل ﻷول مرة في سورية وهو من رتبة غمديات اﻷجنحة Coleoptera وفصيلة خنافس اﻷوراق Chrysomelidae وهو النوع Labidostomis diversifrons Lefevre, 1876، تم تصنيفه اعتمادا على دراسة المواصفات المورفولوجية للحشرة. تسبب بالغاتها ضر ا ر كبي ا ر على شجرة الفستق الحلبي بتعرية اﻷشجار بشكل كامل، ولوحظ وجود عوائل أخرى للخنفساء، حيث أنها تتغذى على بعض النباتات العشبية مثل نبات الخس البري Lactuca virosa ونبات Polygonum arenastrum. الكلمات المفتاحية: Labidostomis diversifrons، الفستق الحلبي، خنفساء، مواصفات مورفولوجية، Lactuca virosa، سورية. المقدمة: تصيب شجرة الفستق الحلبي Pistacia vera العديد من اﻵفات الحشري ة من أهمها كابنودس الفستق الحلبي Capnodis cariosa، ثاقبة براعم الفستق الحلبي Hylesinus vestitus، بسيل ﻻ الفستق الحلبي Agonoscena pistaciae، م ن تد رن حواف أوراق الفستق الحلبي Forda riccobonii، دودة ثمار الفستق الحلبي Recurvaia pistaciicolla )ال س لتي وإبراهيم، 1986(. ينتمي النوع L.diversifrons إلى رتبة غمدية اﻷجنحة Coleoptera وعائلة خنافس اﻷوارق Chrysomelidae وتحت عائلة Clytrinae وجنس Bieńkowski, 2009(Labidostomis(. يضم جنس Labidostomis أكثر من 70 نوعا (Warchalowski, 1985) مو زعة في شمال أفريقيا وأوروبا وآسيا، حيث تتن وع العوائل النباتي ة التي تتغذى عليها اﻷنواع التابعة لهذا الجنس، فهي تشمل الكرمة وال ص فصاف وال لوز، والفستق، والحمضي ات، والمشمش، والقطن والحبوب ) ;Sorauer 1954; Balachowsky and Remaudiere, 1963 .)Jolivet, 1979 مع العلم أن يرقات الحش ارت غالبا ما توجد تحت الحجارة قريبا من أعشاش النمل، ولكنها ليست مرتبطة بشكل مباشر مع النمل، في محفظة مصنوعة من براز الحشرة والفضﻻت المحيطة بها (Zaitsev, 1990; Steinhausen, 1996(. ينتشر النوع L.diversifrons في اﻷردن وتركيا وفلسطين )Lopatin et al., 2003(، تعيش اليرقة قريبا من أعشاش النمل، وهو أيضا المكان الذي تشت ي فيه اليرقة، ولكن لم يُح د د نوع الن مل (Steinhausen,1994)، وتمتد دورة حياتها لعامين (Medvedev, 1962). تعيش اليرقة والعذراء في محفظة برازية مصنوعة باﻷساس من قشرة برازية تضعها الحشرة الكاملة اﻷم على البيضة وت ُو س ع من قبل اليرقة، حيث تختبئ اليرقة بالكامل داخل هذه المحفظة محتمية من الجفاف، واﻷضرار التي يمكن أن تصيب البطن ال لين أو من الحيوانات المفترسة، وقد تح ور أرسها بحيث يسد فتحة المحفظة تماما . عندما تتحرك اليرقة ت ُخرج رأسها والصدر اﻷول واﻷرجل الطويلة نسبيا ، أ م ا Bofaur and Bohamdan-Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research 4(4):140-144. December 2017 بوفاعور وب ومحدان-اجملةل السورية للبحوث الزراعية 4)4(:140-144. اكنون ا ألول/ديس ميرب 2017 141 البطن فيبقى داخل المحفظة (Erber, 1988). تستمر حضانة البيض لمدة 14 يوم على درجة حرارة 25 م˚ تحت شروط المخبر، وتظهر الحشرة في ال س نة التي تلي صيفا حا ا ر جدا بينما يستبعد ظهورها في ال س نة التي تلي صيفا طبيعيا (Beenen and 2001 ,Winkelman(. إ ن ال ض رر الذي تحدثه هذه الحشرة والذي يسب ب تعرية شبه كاملة لﻷو ارق على شجرة الفستق يش ك ل خط ا ر على هذه اﻷشجار وإنتاجها، حيث س ج ل أحد أنواع هذا الجنس Labidostomis longimana كآفة على الفستق الحلبي في دول الجوار )تركيا( وقد أحدثت أض ار ا ر مباشرة على اﻷو ارق مؤدي ة إلى إضعاف اﻷشجار وتعريتها )Ozgen and Tok, 2009(. تم رصد آفة جديدة من جنس Labidostomis تهاجم أوراق شجرة الفستق الحلبي، وتعمل على تعريتها في قرية ذيبين في منطقة القريا في محافظة ال س ويداء، كما أ ن إصابة هذه الحشرة لعوائل تتبع فصائل نباتي ة مختلفة، قد يساعد على استيطانها وا نتشارها في المنطقة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسجيل وجود هذا النوع الحشري ﻷول مرة في سورية، وم ارقبة هذه الحشرة ال ض ارة على المحاصيل المستهدفة بهدف وضع برامج مكافحة أو برامج إدارة متكاملة مستقبلي ة للح د من انتشارها. مواد البحث وطرائقه: جمعت الحشرات الكاملة للنوع ال حشري الجديد من جنس Labidostomis )ذكور وإناث( من حقول الفستق الحلبي في قرية ذيبين في منطقة القريا، محافظة ال س ويداء )وقد كانت الحشرات بأعداد كبيرة على اﻷشجار(، وحفظت بالكحول وأخذت إلى مخبر الحشرات في مركز بحوث ال س ويداء لدراسة الصفات المورفولوجية لها باستخدام المكب رة المخبري ة )Nikon قوة تكبير10× 21(. ص و رت الحشرات بكاميرا ذات دقة عالية، وتم وصف الخصائص الشكلي ة الخاصة بالحشرة الكاملة )شكل ولون اﻷغماد، لون الشفا، شكل aedeagus(، والقياسات المليمترية لعينة عشوائي ة تتألف من 23 فردا من ال ذكور وأخرى مماثلة لها من اﻹناث، وتم تعريفها باستخدام المفتاح التصنيفي المتخصص بالجنس Labidostomis الموضوع من قبل Özdikmen et al., 2016( Özdikmen( المت ض من الصفات التشريحي ة والمورفولوجي ة والقياسات المليمتري ة على مستوى النوع. كما تم إرسال النوع الحشري إلى جامعة ميندل Mendel University في جمهورية التشيك لتأكيد الت صنيف العلمي للحشرة. النتائج والمناقشة: رصدت آفة جديدة من جنس Labidostomis تهاجم أوراق شجرة الفستق الحلبي وتعمل على تعريتها في قرية ذيبين في منطقة القريا، محافظة السويداء، حيث ح د د النوع الحشري الجديد تبعا للمواصفات المورفولوجي ة للحشرات الكاملة من الذكور واﻹناث باﻻعتماد على المفتاح التصنيفي التركي ) المعتمد(، وتم تأكيد تصنيف هذا النوع من قبل جامعة ميندل في جمهورية التشيك. 1-التصنيف العلمي للنوع الحشري الجديد: الرتبة: Coleoptera الفصيلة: Chrysomelidae تحت الفصيلة: Clytrinae الجنس: Labidostomis النوع: diversifrons Lefevre, 1876 2- وصف الحشرة الكاملة: 2- 1- الذكر: يبلغ متوسط طوله 10.6 مم )الشكل A_ 1) له شكل متطاول، اﻷجنحة الغمدي ة تغطي كامل البطن، يتلون الرأس والصدر اﻷول واﻷرجل باللون اﻷسود ذو ال لمعة المعدني ة. لون اﻷغماد عند الذكور مصفر باهت، دون أي نقطة كتفية، والرأس يأخذ الوضع العمودي Hypognathous، والعيون مر ك بة كبيرة، وأسفل كل عين يوجد قرن استشعار منشاري مؤلف من 11 عقلة، تتألف من أصل )عقلة كبيرة متطاولة(، وعذق)عقلة صغيرة الحجم(، والشمروخ )9 عقل(، وللحشرة فكوك علوي ة متط ورة. الشفا صفراء مع بقعة Bofaur and Bohamdan-Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research 4(4):140-144. December 2017 بوفاعور وب ومحدان-اجملةل السورية للبحوث الزراعية 4)4(:140-144. اكنون ا ألول/ديس ميرب 2017 142 داكنة ال لون في الوسط )الشكل B_1)، يغطي الرأس والصدر اﻷول أ ا وبار طويلة مائلة. اﻷرجل اﻷمامي ة طويلة مق وسة بشكل مائل تقريبا لتساعد الذكور على الت شبث باﻹناث أثناء فترة التزاوج، وتتكون من فخذ متطاول وساق طويلة مق وسة تقريبا مع رسغ متطاول مق س م إلى ثﻻث عقل في نهايتها، رسغ أقصى يحمل مخلبان Scutellum على شكل مثلث قاعدته تتجه نحو ال ص در اﻷ ول. يتمي ز العضو الذكري Aedeagus في المنظر الظهري بشكل سهمي متطاول، إضافة إلى وجود تق ع ر في نهايته، ويوجد ثلم متطاول قليل العمق يمت د حتى منتصفه في المنظر البطني )الشكل D,E,F-1). تتمي ز ال ذكور بال س لوك العدواني فيما بينها ويحصل االتزوج مرات عدة. 2-1- اﻷ نثى: يبلغ متوسط طول اﻹناث 8.3 مم )الشكل A_1)، وتتمي ز بوجود نقطة سوداء كتفية على كل غمد. الغمد ذو لون أصفر مائل لﻹحمرار. الشفا صف ارء مع بقعة داكنة اللون في الوسط. توجد أوبار طويلة مائلة على الرأس والصدر اﻷول، واﻷرجل اﻷمامية ليست متطاولة كأرجل الذكور. 3- العائل النباتي: تهاجم الحشرات الكاملة أشجار الفستق الحلبي بأعداد كبيرة، ول وحظ تعرية شبه كاملة لﻷوراق )الشكل C_1)، وهذا يتفق مع ما وجده كل من (Ozgen and Tok (2009 من حيث تعرية أوراق أشجار الفستق الحلبي عند تعرضها لﻹصابة، لوحظ أن هذه الحشرات تهاجم نباتات الخس البري Lactuca virosa ونبات Polygonum arenastrum وهذا ينسجم مع نتائج )Jolivet, 1979( من حيث تعدد أنواع العوائل النباتي ة التي تتغذى عليها الحشرات التابعة لجنس Labidostomis. تنسجم المواصفات الشكلي ة والقياسات المليمتري ة للحشرات الكاملة من الذكور واﻹناث للنوع .L. diversifrons L المسجل في منطقة الدراسة مع المفاتيح التصنيفي ة الواردة في االمرجع العلمية الثﻻثة التالية: ) ;Warchalowski, 2010; Bezdek and Regalin, 2015 .)Özdikmen;et al., 2016 الشكل 1. يظهر شكل وطول الحشرات الكاملة A، شكل رأس الذكر B، أعراض اﻹصابة C، المنظر الظهري، البطني والجانبي للعضو الذكري F,E,D على التوالي. كلمة شكر: نتوجه بالشكر الجزيل إلى البروفيسور Jan Bezdek المختص عالميا بتصنيف الحشرات التابعة لعائلة Chrysomelidae من جامعة ميندل Mendel University في جمهورية التشيك لجهوده المبذولة في التصنيف. المراجع: السلتي نايف وابراهيم جمعة )1986(. حشرات البساتين والغابات. منشورات جامعة حلب، كلية الزراعة، حلب، سورية. ص 329. Bofaur and Bohamdan-Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research 4(4):140-144. December 2017 بوفاعور وب ومحدان-اجملةل السورية للبحوث الزراعية 4)4(:140-144. اكنون ا ألول/ديس ميرب 2017 143 Balachowsky, A.S.; and G. Remaudiere (1963). Les Entomoscelis. In: Entomologie appliquee a I'Agriculture, Tome I. Coleopteres. Balachowsky, A. S. (ed.); Masson et Cie, Paris, pp.738- 743. Beenen, R.; and J. Winkelman (2001)."Labidostomis longimana Linnaeus (EB 61: 64-65)." Bezdek, J.; and R. Regalin (2015). Identity of species-group taxa of the Western Palaearctic Clytrini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) described by Maurice Pic and Louis Kocher, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, Volume 55 (supplementum). Bieńkowski, A.O. (2009). "Larva of the leaf beetle Labidostomis longimana (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Clytrinae)." Entomological review. 89(3): 367-370. Erber, D. (1988). Biology of Camptosoma Clytrinae – Cryptocephalinae- Chlamisinae - Lamprosomatinae. In Jolivet,P., Petitpierre, E. & Hsiao, T. H. (eds). Biology of Chrysomelidae: pp. 513-552. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht-Boston-London. Jolivet, P. (1979). Les Chrysomelidae (Col.) des Citrus et apparentes en zone temperee et tropicale.Bull. mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon. 48(4): 197-200 and 249-256. Lopatin, I.; V. Chikatunov. and T. Pavlek (2003). Catalogue of the beetles (Coleoptera) in Israel and adjacent areas: 3.Chrysomelidae (except Alticinae), Zoology in the Middle East. 28(1): 87- 112. Medvedev, L.N. (1962). Systematics and Biology of the Larvae of the Subfamily Clytrinae.
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