Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau - Mehr Als ›Der Wohlbekannte Sänger‹

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Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau - Mehr Als ›Der Wohlbekannte Sänger‹ Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau - mehr als ›der wohlbekannte Sänger‹ Gottfried Kraus (Minihof-Liebau) In seiner persönlich gehaltenen Erinnerung sucht der Musikpublizist Gottfried Kraus die komplexe Persönlichkeit und vielfältige Lebensleistung Dietrich Fischer-Dieskaus in großen Zügen darzustellen. Von der ersten Erinnerung des 15jährigen Konzertbesuchers an ein Brahms-Requiem unter Furtwängler im Wiener Konzerthaus und an Fischer-Dieskaus erste Winterreise im Januar 1951 spannt sich der Bogen über Eindrücke in Konzert und Oper und die umfassende Beschäftigung mit Fischer-Dieskaus Schallplattenaufnahmen bis zu gemeinsamer Arbeit. Als Leiter der Musikabteilung des Österreichischen Rundfunks lud Kraus den Sänger und Dirigenten Fischer-Dieskau zu Aufgaben im Studio und bei den Salzburger Festspielen. Auch für Schallplattenaufnahmen ergaben sich spätere Kontakte. Aus vielfältiger Erfahrung und nicht zuletzt auch aus freundschaftlicher Nähe zeichnet Kraus ein Bild Fischer-Dieskaus, der mehr ist und auch mehr sein will als nur ‚der wohlbekannte Sänger‘ – ein Künstler von unglaublicher Breite, den umfassende Bildung, das Bewusstsein großer Tradition, lebenslange Neugierde, Offenheit und enormer Fleiß dazu befähigten, auch als Rezitator, Dirigent, Musikschriftsteller und Maler Ungewöhnliches zu leisten. In his personally touched memoires the music publisher Gottfried Kraus tries to present the complex personality of Fischer-Dieskau and the miscellaneous achievements in his life along general lines. Starting with the fist remembrance of the 15-year-old concert visitor of a Brahms-Requiem conducted by Furtwängler at the Wiener Konzerthaus and the first Winterreise of Fischer-Dieskau in January 1951 he encompasses impressions of concerts and operas as well as the comprehensive engagement with disc records of Fischer-Dieskau up to their common work. As the head of the music department of the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation, Kraus invited the singer and conductor Fischer-Dieskau for recordings in the studio and to the Salzburg Festival. Also contacts for later disc recordings were offered. Out of his rich experiences and not least out of his cordial closeness Kraus draws a picture of Fischer-Dieskau who is more and wants to be more than just ›the well known singer‹ – an artist of an unbelievable width whose comprehensive education, awareness of great tradition, lifelong curiosity, open mind and enormous assiduity empowered him to obtain exceptional results as a reciter, conductor, music writer and painter. Der Bach-Sänger Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau als Interpret der Matthäus-Passion Thomas Seedorf (Karlsruhe) Hinter dem epochalen Liedgestalter und Operndarsteller ist der Bach-Sänger Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau in der retrospektiven Wahrnehmung zurückgetreten, obwohl die Musik Bachs in der Karriere des Künstlers eine große Bedeutung besaß. Neben einer Vielzahl von Kantaten nahm Fischer-Dieskau auch alle oratorischen Großwerke des Thomaskantors auf, wobei die Matthäus-Passion einen Sonderfall darstellt: Zwischen 1958 und 1979 war Fischer- Dieskau an nicht weniger als vier Studio-Gesamtaufnahmen dieses Werks beteiligt, außerdem sind Mitschnitte wichtiger Konzerte verfügbar. Am Beispiel des Rezitativs »Gehet hin in die Stadt zu einem« wird ein Wandel der interpretatorischen Haltung veranschaulicht, der von großer Unmittelbarkeit in der frühen Aufnahme unter Fritz Lehmann hin zu einer gleichsam immateriellen Darstellung in der letzten Aufnahme unter Karl Richter reicht. Vor allem in dieser Aufnahme ist eine Oppositionshaltung gegenüber der immer stärker an Raum gewinnenden historischen Aufführungspraxis zu erkennen, auf die Fischer-Dieskau gemeinsam mit Richter durch die geradezu demonstrative Behauptung des eigenen ästhetischen Standpunktes antwortete. In der ersten Phase seiner Laufbahn repräsentierte Fischer-Dieskau dagegen mit seiner Art Bach zu singen ein Ideal. Stimmliche Perfektion, gestalterisches Vermögen ersten Ranges und sängerischer Mitteilungsdrang verbanden sich in dieser Zeit mit der vorherrschenden Aufführungsästhetik zu einer Einheit, die später drastisch zerfiel. In a retrospective view the Bach interpreter Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau was moved behind the epochal art song- and opera interpreter, although the music of Bach was of high importance in his career. Besides plenty of cantatas, Fisher-Diskau made records of all major vocal works of the Thomascantor among which the Matthäuspassion plays a special role: Between 1958 and 1979 Fischer-Dieskau participated in not less than four complete recordings of this work and live recordings of important concerts are available in addition. Using the recitative »Geht hin in die Stadt zu einem« a change in the interpreting attitude is exemplarily revealed, from the great directness in the early record under Fritz Lehmann towards a quasi immaterial presentation in the last record under Karl Richter. Especially in the latter record an opposition to the continuously growing historical performance practice is recognized, which is answered by Fischer-Dieskau together with Richter by a demonstrative contention of the own aesthetic attitude. In the first phase of his career Fischer-Dieskau represented an ideal in his manner to sing Bach. Vocal perfection, creative ability of first rate and the vocal urge of communication was combined with the dominant performance aesthetic of that time to a unit that decayed drastically later. Lenker der Komödie, Drahtzieher der Intrige Zu Dietrich Fischer-Dieskaus Interpretation der Partie des Don Alfonso in Mozarts Così fan tutte Irene Brandenburg (Salzburg) Während seiner langen künstlerischen Laufbahn erarbeitete sich Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau ein breit gefächertes Repertoire an Opernpartien, unter denen Rollen in Opern Mozarts, vor allem die Paraderollen des Grafen in Le nozze di Figaro und der Titelpartie in Don Giovanni, eine wichtige Position einnehmen. Auch mit der Partie des Don Alfonso in Mozarts Così fan tutte hat sich der Sänger im Laufe seiner Lebens mehrmals in verschiedenen biographischen Phasen und in unterschiedlichen künstlerischen Kontexten auseinandergesetzt, im Studio ebenso wie auf der Opernbühne und im Konzertsaal. Dass sie, zumindest an der Zahl der Auftritte und Tondokumente gemessen, hinter den genannten Mozart-Partien zurückstehen musste, ist nicht zuletzt auf Aufführungstraditionen und die speziellen Erfordernisse und Eigentümlichkeiten der Partie selbst zurückzuführen. Ausgehend von einigen grundsätzlichen Überlegungen zu Così fan tutte und insbesondere zur Rollencharakteristik des Don Alfonso, zu der sich auch der Sänger selbst mehrfach geäußert hat, befasst sich der Beitrag mit Fischer-Dieskaus Interpretationen der Partie des Don Alfonso anhand einer 1962 in Berlin entstandenen Studioaufnahme unter der Leitung von Eugen Jochum sowie eines Livemitschnitts von den Salzburger Festspielen aus dem Jahr 1972 unter Karl Böhm. Als Fallbeispiel wird die Arie Nr. 5 »Vorrei dir, e cor non ho« (I/5) in den vorliegenden Interpretationen Fischer-Dieskaus untersucht und mit denen anderer Sängern von 1951 bis 1992 verglichen. Darüber hinaus werden Dokumente zur Rezeption der Salzburger Produktionen von 1972 und 1973 ausgewertet, die – zusammen mit Fischer-Dieskaus eigenen Äußerungen – wertvolle Erkenntnisse zum Rollenverständnis und zur Publikumsresonanz liefern. During his long artistic career, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau established a broad repertoire of opera parts. Within this repertoire, Mozart’s operas and especially the famous count’s role in Le nozze di Figaro and the title role of Don Giovanni take prominent parts. Fischer-Dieskau also devoted himself to the role of Don Alfonso in Mozart’s Così fan tutte in different biographical stages, in various artistic contexts, in the studio, on opera stages and in concert halls. Nevertheless, the number of appearances and audio records is considerably lower than those of the parts mentioned above due to the performance tradition, special requirements and characteristics of the role. This article deals with a few general considerations on Così fan tutte and especially the characteristics of Don Alfonso that the singer has commented on several times. Additionally, it focuses on Fischer-Dieskau’s interpretations of the role by reference to a studio recording that was done in Berlin in 1962 under the conducting of Eugen Jochum and a live recording during the Salzburg festival in 1972 under Karl Böhm. The aria no. 5 »Vorrei dir, e cor non ho« (I/5) serves as a case study and the given interpretations of Fischer-Dieskau are examined and compared to those of other singers from 1951 to 1992. Furthermore, documents on the reception of the 1972 and 1973 Salzburg productions are evaluated as together with the singer’s statements they allow valuable insights into the understanding of the role and the audience’s resonance. Robert Schumann, Liederkreis op. 39 in der Interpretation durch Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau Martin Eybl (Wien) Von Schumanns Liederzyklus erschienen auf Tonträgern insgesamt sechs Gesamtaufnahmen, bei denen D. Fischer-Dieskau von G. Moore, G. Weißenborn, Chr. Eschenbach und A. Brendel begleitet wurde. Die Aufnahmen werden als analytische Befunde gelesen, mit dem Ziel, den Konnex zwischen der musikalischen Struktur und den Besonderheiten der Interpretation aufzuzeigen. Der Sänger nützt Atmung und Phrasierung, agogische und dynamische Mittel, um Bezüge im Wort- oder Notentext zu verdeutlichen und um Spannung aufzubauen und aufrecht zu halten. Damit differenziert, erläutert und bereichert er den Notentext,
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