New York Antiquarian Book Fair 2020

Americana

An American History, Written by a Woman in the 18th Century

1. Adams, Hannah: A SUMMARY HISTORY OF NEW-ENGLAND, FROM THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT PLYMOUTH, TO THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. COMPREHENDING A GEN- ERAL SKETCH OF THE AMERICAN WAR. Dedham, Ma.: Printed for the Author, by H. Mann and J.H. Adams, 1799. 513,[3]pp. Antique-style calf, spine tooled in gilt, gilt leather labels. Titlepage, subscriber’s leaf, and two contents leaves worn at the foredge, with small tears. Even tanning. Good plus.

Hannah Adams is considered probably the first professional female writer in the United States, and this is her most important book. An autodidact with a thirst for knowledge and a need to bring money in for her family she set about writing, first producing a survey of various religions, and then the present history of New England. “For her SUMMARY HISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND (1799), Adams undertook serious primary research, delving into state archives and old newspapers, causing serious injury to her eyesight. The material, which covers events from the sailing of the MAYFLOWER through the adoption of the Federal Constitution, is presented in a clear, straightforward manner...” – AMERICAN WOMEN WRITERS. A subscribers list at the rear includes the names of several New England women. EVANS 35075. HOWES A50. SABIN 215. AMERICAN WOMEN WRITERS I, p.12. $2500.

“Innocent Diversions of Slavery Days”: An Unrecorded African-American Troubadour Broadsheet

2. [African Americana]: “HOT TIME IN THE OLD TOWN TONIGHT.” GRAND CONSOLIDATION! THE ALABAMA TROUBADOURS, AND C.H. PERKINS VIRGINIA – TEXAS JUBILEE SINGERS, A BAND OF SABLE CELEBRITIES PRESENTING IN A TRUE AND REALISTIC MANNER “LIFE IN THE SUNNY SOUTH BEFORE THE WAR” [caption title]. [N.p., likely Boston. n.d., ca. 1896]. Illustrated broadsheet, 14½ x 10¼ inches. Uniformly toned. Mild edge wear, a few short closed edge tears, soft horizontal center fold, a few tiny chips and soft creases. Faint ink advertising stamp in top margin. Very good overall.

An unrecorded illustrated broadsheet advertising the “Grand Consolidation” of the Virginia and Texas Jubilee Singers and the original Alabama Troubadours, both rather obscure minstrel troupes managed by C.H. Perkins, an African-American tenor from North Carolina.

The Celebrated Colored Virginia and Texas Jubilee Singers were organized between 1876 and 1882 by Perkins, himself a tenor who had earlier performed with the North Carolina Jubilee Singers. The Virginian performers were made up largely of singers from Norfolk, while the Texas performers mostly hailed from Waco. The group was most active from about 1883 until about 1895. Perkins also founded a minstrel group composed of Alabama performers during this time, called the Alabama Troubadours, and this broadsheet advertises performances by all three groups together.

Like his previous group, and though composed mostly of southern African-American artists, Perkins’ original Alabama Troubadours performed mostly in New England in the 1890s and early-20th century, specifically Connecticut, Vermont, and Massachusetts, though advertisements for them go back at least to 1891 in Lincoln, Nebraska. They are not to be confused with a slightly later minstrel group by the same name, managed by J.W. Gorman.

The original Alabama Troubadours had moderate success putting on shows in churches, public halls, and other spaces, offering admission at 15 to 25 cents, with reserved seats available at 35 cents. The present broadsheet offers “Innocent Diversions of Slavery Days Faithfully Depicted” and “Darky Diversions in Dixies Land by Genuine Colored People” and performers such as Madame Perkins, the “’Southern Nightingale.’ Prima Donna and Soprano Soloist.” C.H. Perkins touts himself here as “The Great Tenor Songster, in his Tenor solos, Plantation Melodies, and Motto songs of the day.” The troupe is composed of “15 Genuine Colored Artists...emancipated by President Lincoln’s Proclamation.” The faint ink stamp in the top margin advertises a performance for the troupe at the Westbrook Town Hall on Monday, February 21; the year was most likely 1898.

The verso of the broadsheet advertises the group’s “Old-Fashioned Cake Walk” by “A Band of Afro-American Celebri- ties” and other performers and performances enumerated as “Buck Dancers, Jubilee Singers, Banjoists, Plantation Dances, Specialists, Pickininny Dancers, Guitarists, Male and Female Quartettes, Old Time Plantation Scenes [and] Campmeeting Shouters.”

The five illustrations on the broadside show the Cake Walk, a trio of comedic minstrels, and three scenes of a group of performers in a plantation setting. The latter four illustrations are marked “Libbie Show Print, Boston” and are quite likely taken from photographs.

Scant mention of the original Alabama Troubadours appears in periodicals of the time. The July 12, 1900 issue of THE MORNING JOURNAL-COURIER of New Haven praises the group as “without doubt the best colored organization now before the public.” The September 19, 1899 issue of the Barre, Vermont EVENING TELEGRAM includes a brief mention of the troupe, describing them as “a company direct from the South and there is no better on the road.” Also, Madame Perkins is pictured in the August 1900 issue of COLORED AMERICAN MAGAZINE above a caption reading, “Madame Perkins of Boston, Mass. A Soprano Singer of Professional Note.”

No copies of the present broadside appear in OCLC, nor in any source we can locate. A truly rare, and perhaps unique surviving record of the merging of two minstrel groups composed mostly of southern performers from Virginia, Texas, and Alabama, managed by an African-American tenor from North Carolina. $4250.

Military Code of Alabama in 1838

3. [Alabama]: Crabb, George W.: Bradford, J.T.: THE MILITARY CODE OF THE STATE OF ALABAMA, WITH AN APPENDIX.... Tuscaloosa: Ferguson & Eaton, 1838. 136pp. Antique-style half morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Ownership inscription on titlepage. Light foxing and soiling. Very good.

The rare military code for the state of Alabama. The text includes constitutional provisions, organizational guidelines, training and exercises, regulations for war, duties and privileges, penalties and fines, information on courts martial, as well as oaths against dueling. Scarce, with about ten copies in OCLC, but none recorded in commerce. AII (ALABAMA) 271. $4750.

A Classic American Color Plate Book

4. Allen, John Fisk: VICTORIA REGIA; OR THE GREAT WATER LILY OF AMERICA. WITH A BRIEF AC- COUNT OF ITS DISCOVERY AND INTRODUCTION INTO CULTIVATION: WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY WILLIAM SHARP, FROM SPECIMENS GROWN AT SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A. Boston: Printed and published for the author, by Dutton and Wentworth, 1854. Elephant folio. Letterpress titlepage, dedication to Caleb Cope, 12pp. text (numbered [5]-16), 1p. index, plate list, note and errata. Six chromolithographic plates by Sharp & Sons of Dorchester, Massachusetts, five after William Sharp, one after J.F. Allen. Original printed brown front wrapper, rear wrapper lacking. Expertly bound to style in half green morocco and marbled paper covered boards, spine gilt with raised bands. Very good.

A monument to American color printing, a work which launched the age of chromolithography as an art in the United States, and one of the most beautiful flower books ever produced. This work is one of the very few truly great American botanical works, a match for anything being produced in Europe at the time. This copy is offered in wonderful condition and free from the staining that often mars the exquisite plates.

The VICTORIA REGIA; OR THE GREAT WATER LILY OF AMERICA… provides an appropriate showcase for this gigantic water lily, first discovered along the Amazon River and then taken to Britain for cultivation. The so-called “vegetable wonder” was first described by Sir R.H. Schomburg in 1837. From the details he gave, botanist John Lindley suggested that the lily was a new genera and put forward the name “Victoria Regia,” in honour of Queen Victoria during the first year of her reign. “The giant water-lily is a spectacular flower; nineteenth century commentators describe with amazement the vast dimensions of its floating leaves, which could exceed two meters in diameter, and its great white flower, which opened in the evening and closed again at dawn in a truly lovely spectacle” – OAK SPRING FLORA.

In 1853, Allen, a well-respected horticulturist and author of a treatise on viticulture, cultivated a seed from the lily given him by Caleb Cope, president of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, and the man in whose garden the lily first flow- ered in America on August 21, 1851. Working at his home in Salem, Massachusetts, Allen tended the seed from January to July when, on the evening of July 21, the flower finally bloomed. Motivated by his success, Allen hoped to make the glory of the water lily available to a wider audience, and engaged the services of William Sharp, a British-born artist and pioneer of chromolithography then working in Boston.

Sharp had been practicing with the new technique of chromolithography as early as 1841, the first person to do so in the United States. His amateur effort is evident in Mattson’s THE AMERICAN VEGETABLE PRACTICE (1841), but, as McGrath states, those chromos are merely “passable.” Fortunately, Sharp improved in his craft, and his next major project, the plates for Hovey’s THE FRUITS OF AMERICA (1852), announced to all who viewed them the colorful and dramatic potential of chromolithography. Still, the process was in its infancy, and it would take a work of tremendous ambition to satisfactorily popularize the technique.

Allen’s proposed book on the water lily provided such a vehicle. Though the first plate of the VICTORIA REGIA... is based on a sketch Allen composed himself, the remaining six plates, which show the plant in gradual stages of bloom, are wholly attributable to Sharp. Superlative in concept, color, and execution, they became the first benchmark of the art. “In the large water lily plates of VICTORIA REGIA..., Sharp printed colors with a delicacy of execution and technical brilliance never before achieved in the United States” – STAMPED WITH A NATIONAL CHARACTER. OAK SPRING FLORA 106. BENNETT, p.2. PRINCETON, AMERICAN GRAPHIC ARTS, p.147. TAXONOMIC LITERATURE 85. GREAT FLOWER BOOKS, p.69, 47 (ref). NISSEN (BBI) 16. HUNT 56. McGRATH, pp.119-20. Bettina A. Norton, “William Sharp: Accomplished Lithographer” in ART & COMMERCE: AMERICAN PRINTS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY (Charlottesville, 1978). REESE, STAMPED WITH A NATIONAL CHARACTER 19. $60,000.

An Extraordinary Ephrata Musical Manuscript, with Superb Fraktur Titlepage

5. [American Music]: [German Americana]: DIE BITTRE SUSE ODER DAS GESANG DER EINSAMEN TUR- TEL TAUBE, DER CHRISTLICHEN KIRCHEN HIER AUF ERDEN...[manuscript title]. Ephrata. 1747. [264]pp. plus 7pp. printed register. Small quarto. Contemporary three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Spine heavily worn, split in center. Later 19th-century ownership inscription on front fly leaf. Slight wear and foxing to some leaves, and some ink burn, resulting in splits to some leaves. Very good. In a half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

A unique and spectacular manuscript hymnbook created by the religious community at Ephrata, Pennsylvania, founded by Johann Conrad Beissel. This manuscript is from the period when the community was at its zenith, and is an outstanding example of the Frakturschriften for which the Ephrata Cloister is known. It contains over 250 pages of manuscript music, some of it likely original compositions. The printed register at the end contains 375 hymn listings, and an additional fifteen pieces of music precede the main body of the work.

Johann Conrad Beissel (1692-1768) was born in Germany and orphaned at an early age. A charismatic and engaging per- sonality, he tried on several religious movements, and eventually emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1720 after being banished from his homeland for radical religious beliefs. Beissel spent part of the 1720s with the Dunkards in Germantown and Lancaster County before his controversial beliefs about celibacy and Sabbath-keeping caused a rift with his fellow congre- gants. He then established himself as a hermit on the banks of the Cocalico River, where he was eventually joined by other like-minded individuals who wished to follow his teachings, and so founded the Ephrata Cloister in 1732. “What began as a hermitage for a small group of devoted individuals grew into a thriving community of nearly 80 celibate members supported by an estimated 200 family members from the region at its zenith in the mid-18th century. During that period much of the activity surrounded the charismatic founder and leader, Conrad Beissel. His theology, a hybrid of pietism and mysticism, encouraged celibacy, Sabbath worship, Anabaptism, and the ascetic life, yet provided room for families, limited industry, and creative expression” – Ephrata website. “Both within and without Ephrata, Beissel aroused controversy. His opposition to the institution of marriage early divided his congregation, as did his refusal to tolerate the community’s money-making industries. His adoption of the Jewish sabbath and work on Sunday violated provincial laws and aroused the opposition of civil officials. That women left their husbands and homes to be with Beissel produced their husbands’ ever-lasting hostility and even provoked one to attack Beissel physically. Beissel’s willingness to permit women to spend nights in his cabin and his initial housing of men and women in the same building led to rumors of sexual promiscuity that prompted a neighbor to try to set fire to the cloister” – ANB.

The community became known for its self-composed a cappella music, Germanic calligraphy known as Frakturschriften, and the complete publishing center which included a paper mill, printing office, and book bindery. Printing at Ephrata began in 1745, the third geographical location of printing in Pennsylvania. In fact, the largest book printed in America before 1800, numbering more than 1,500 pages, was published at the Ephrata printing shop in 1748. The first printed hymnbook of the cloister was called the “Turtle-Taube (Turtle Dove),” and contained more than 400 of the community’s hymns, most of which Beissel had written. It was issued in 1747, the same year as this manuscript.

In addition to the press, the Cloister also had a scriptorium which produced beautiful manuscript hymnals and other works. Beissel composed many original hymns for the community, which then produced manuscript volumes containing both the words and, separately, the music. He is said to have composed more than 4,000 lines of poetry, almost all of it religious, some of it set to music also of his composition. “For the community’s worship, he developed distinctive types of choral harmony and antiphonal singing, and he frequently required the members to sing in this style on late night walks around Ephrata” – ANB. Manuscript production at Ephrata was used as a form not only of book production, but also as a meditation and spiritual act. Beissel established a monastic style of living for the Cloister in 1735, three years after its founding, and the earliest output of the scriptorium dates to this time. Most of the fine manuscript work was likely done by the Sisters (the Cloister was segregated by gender), while the Brothers maintained the printing press. The scriptorium flourished during the 1740s and 1750s, declining near the end of that decade. The present manuscript was produced while the scriptorium was at the pinnacle of its output and handiwork.

This volume, with its elaborate fraktur titlepage, was likely a presentation copy rather than a standard, everyday hymnbook. The Ephrata community produced virtually the only original hymn texts and tunes during the colonial era. It was meant to be used with the printed words from the 1747 edition of DAS GESANG DER EINSAMEN UND VERLASSENEN TURTEL-TAUBE.... A bearded face has been drawn in each of the two upper corners of the fraktur, a highly interest- ing and unusual feature of the work. It is inscribed on the front fly leaf with a later ownership inscription which reads, “Abm. Burger’s Book / January 29, 1830,” which is followed by a gift inscription: “A Present of a Music Book from / Abm. Burger / to / Elder Lucius Crandal / Plainfield / Essex County / N.J. / December 17th 1854.” These lines were probably written by Abraham Berger (1795-1856), a member of the Snow Hill Congregation in Quincy, Pennsylvania, an offshoot of the Ephrata community located about ninety miles to the southwest. When Ephrata was in its decline in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Snow Hill was in its prime, and as a result, many of the books and manuscripts were transferred from Ephrata to Snow Hill. This would explain how and why Berger may have acquired the volume.

The gift recipient, Lucius Crandall (1810-76), was an elder and minister in the Seventh Day Baptist Church, first at Plainfield, New Jersey, and later at congregations in Rhode Island and New York. The Ephrata Cloister congregation, following its incorporation in 1814, became known as the Seventh Day Baptists of Ephrata, also referred to as the Ger- man Seventh Day Baptists. While Ephrata had no official ties or affiliation to the Seventh Day Baptist Church with which Crandall was affiliated, the two denominations formed a close relationship. This was true to the extent that in the later 19th century, Crandall’s denomination included the annual reports of the Ephrata and Snow Hill congregations in their own annual reports. Ministers and members would travel from Crandall’s Seventh Day Baptist Church to the Cloisters at Ephrata for feast days and baptisms, etc., providing a link between the two men.

The Winterthur Library and Museum in Delaware has a significant collection of these hymnals, as noted by Kari Main in her excellent 1997 article on the subject (she compares eight hymnals). Columbia University has half a dozen manu- script hymnals, as well, and further collections can be found at the Ephrata Cloister, The Free Library of Philadelphia, the Library of Congress, and the Hershey Museum. Many of these derive from the great Samuel Pennypacker collection, dispersed at auction in 1908. Such manuscript works are incredibly rare on the market today, and the present copy is an especially fine example of these remarkable manuscripts. Kari M. Main, “From the Archives: Illuminated Hymnals of the Ephrata Cloister” in WINTERTHUR PORTFOLIO, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp.65-78. ANB (online). Website of the Ephrata Cloister, http://http://www.ephratacloister.org/history. htm. $48,500.

Benedict Arnold’s Smuggling Career in the West Indies

6. [Arnold, Benedict]: [PROTEST LODGED AGAINST THE NEW HAVEN CUSTOMS HOUSE, AFTER RE- PEATED SEARCHES OF THE SHIP AND REFUSAL OF ENTRY; SIGNED BY TWO MEN OF THE CREW]. New Haven. Feb. 5, 1767. [2]pp. plus integral docketing leaf. Folio. Silked. Small paper loss to top of sheet, affecting a few words of text. A few minor losses at edges. Lightly soiled. Good. In a red half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Written complaint lodged with the New Haven Customs House in which two sailors, Rutherford Cooke and Caleb Com- stock, protest the treatment of their ship at port – a ship of which Benedict Arnold was captain and owner. The two men attest that the sloop Charming Sally, Benedict Arnold captain (not present), sailed for the West Indies and thence to Amsterdam, where they met Arnold on business, and then back again to the West Indies. The complaint reads:

“Be it known and made manifest to all persons whom these presents shall come...before me Daniel Lyman, Esqr., one of His Majesty’s Jus[tices] of the Peace for the county of New Haven...personally came and appeared Rutherford Cooke, Mate of the good sloop Charming Sally and Caleb Comstock, mariner, and on oath depose and say that on the fifteenth of July last they sailed in sd. sloop from the island of St. Croix in the West Indies to Holland whereof was Master Benedict Arnold of New Haven where we arrived on the thirtieth of August following and having there discharged our cargo took on board a freight for sd. St. Croix on account of Mr. Daniel Cromeline, merchant at Amsterdam, at which place we left our Capt. sd. Benedict Arnold on shore on the fifth of October and from there arrived at sd. St. Croix on the fifteenth of Novemr. and after disposing our cargo sailed on the twenty-third of the same month in a sett of ballast for New Haven, where we arrived the tenth of January not having our Capt. on board.

“And the Dept. the Mate further says that thereupon he applied to his Majesty’s Custom House in sd. New Haven with the register of sd. vessel & her papers in proper office hours for entering the same, but being required he left his papers with the officers thereof for a time in which the said sloop might be searched by a waiter for that purpose, which was accord- ingly done; but nothing found on board or in any other place tho search has repeatedly been made; and that afterwards the sd. Mate applied to sd. office for the entry of sd. vessel & her papers but was refused tho tending to give oath as the Acts of Parliament require. And especially as the Dept. further say on the fifth of inst. February, and was denied the entry of the vessel & her papers after an attendance of near three weeks.”

It is signed by Rutherford Cooke, Caleb Comstock, and Justice of the Peace Daniel Lyman.

Not a great deal seems to have been known about Arnold’s early business ventures hitherto – the material available, for example, to Arnold’s principal modern biographer, Willard Sterne Randall, being comparatively scant. Arnold first entered business in 1761, and initially seems to have been successful. He visited London the next year, where he acquired stock on credit, then set up shop on Chapel Street in New Haven under the famous sign (still preserved at the New Haven Historical Society): “B. Arnold Druggist / Bookseller &c. / From London / Sibi Totique.” Later he also acquired a sloop and undertook trading voyages to the Caribbean and Canada. Most of these voyages, however, were devoted to smug- gling rather than upstanding trade. “Benedict Arnold’s business was secret by definition. To keep accurate records would have been self-destructive, yet not to engage to some degree of smuggling was all but impossible if such a business was to survive increasingly stringent British trade policies” – Randall (p.42). Despite these various enterprises, Arnold went bankrupt, owing some £16,000 when his business failed in the summer of 1766.

Given the smuggling activities in which Arnold was engaged, and his business failure, the Customs House may have had good reason to be suspicious of his vessel, despite the lack of supporting evidence aboard ship. It is also possible that he had made enemies of the authorities, as in January 1767 he was involved in a notorious case of beating up a colonial tax collector. Willard Sterne Randall, BENEDICT ARNOLD: PATRIOT AND TRAITOR (1991). $5500.

A Classic of American Natural History and Travel

7. Bartram, William: TRAVELS THROUGH NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA, EAST & WEST FLORIDA, THE CHEROKEE COUNTRY, THE EXTENSIVE TERRITORIES OF THE MUSCOGULGES, OR CREEK CONFEDERACY, AND COUNTRY OF THE CHACTAWS.... London: Re-printed for J. Johnson, 1792. xxiv,520,[12]pp. plus seven plates (one folding) and folding map. Frontis. 19th-century three-quarter mottled calf and marbled paper boards, spine gilt with raised bands, gilt morocco label. Moderate rubbing at joints, raised bands, and corners. Very clean internally. Very good.

First British edition of one of the classic accounts of southern natural history and exploration, with much on the southern Indian tribes. For the period, Bartram’s work is unrivalled. “...[He] wrote with all the enthusiasm and interest with which the fervent old Spanish friars and missionaries narrated the wonders of the new found world...he neglected nothing which would add to the common stock of human knowledge” – Field. “Unequalled for the vivid picturesqueness of its descrip- tions of nature, scenery, and productions” – Sabin. The map illustrates the east coast of Florida from the St. Johns River to Cape Canaveral. The portrait shows the Seminole warrior, Mico Chlucco. HOWES B223, “b.” SABIN 3870. CLARK I:197. VAIL 849. FIELD 94. SERVIES 678. Coats, THE PLANT HUNTERS, pp.273-76. REESE, FEDERAL HUNDRED 33 (ref). $6000.

The First Printing of Any Part of the Bay Psalm Book Outside of North America

8. [Bay Psalm Book]: [Homes, Nathaniel]: GOSPEL MUSICK. OR, THE SINGING OF DAVIDS PSALMS, &c. IN THE PUBLICK CONGREGATIONS, OR PRIVATE FAMILIES ASSERTED, AND VINDICATED, AGAINST A PRINTED PAMPHLET, ENTITLED, CERTAIN REASONS BY WAY OF CONFUTATION OF SINGING PSALMS IN THE LETTER. OBJECTIONS SENT IN, IN WRITING. SCRUPLES OF SOME TENDER CONSCIENCES. BY THY LOVING BROTHER, N.H.D.D.M.M.S. UNTO WHICH IS ADDED, THE IUDGEMENT OF OUR WORTHY BRETHREN OF NEW-ENGLAND TOUCHING SINGING OF PSALMS, AS IT IS LEARNEDLY AND GRAVELY SET FORTH IN THEIR PREFACE TO THE SINGING PSALMS, BY THEM TRANSLATED INTO METRE London: Printed for Henry Overton in Pope’s-Head Alley, 1644. [2],30pp. Small quarto. 19th-century half calf and brown cloth boards, all edges stained red, front board gilt. Spine and corners rubbed through. Titlepage lightly soiled. Fore-edge trimmed a bit close, with just two or three letters shaved from printed marginal notes. A horizontal printer’s crease runs from C2-D4, compressing the odd words but not obscuring. A few minute worm tracks in lower fore-corner margin with no loss. Very good. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

Three years before the second edition of the Bay Psalm Book was printed in England, its preface, in near entirety, was reproduced in this pamphlet. Far from the image of a psalter printed in the wilderness for the use of an isolated congrega- tion, this pamphlet shows the Bay Psalm Book’s connection with and contribution to the intellectual tradition from which its authors emerged. It is, in fact, the first printing of any part of the Bay Psalm Book outside of British North America.

The translation of the Psalms for congregational singing of hymns was one of the key tenets of the European Protestant Reformation, differentiating it from the strictly Latin choral psalmody of the Catholic service. Martin Luther first in- troduced vernacular translation around 1524, and it spread through Europe in the coming decades, most significantly in the English language with the metrical Sternhold and Hopkins psalter in 1549. The nature, quality, and usage of these translations remained a powerfully divisive topic between the Church of England and non-conformist Protestant factions, nowhere better characterized than in the opening lines of this very preface: “The singing of Psalmes, though it breath forth nothing but holy harmony, and melody: yet such is the subtilty of the enemie; and the enmity of our nature against the Lord & his wayes, that our hearts can find matter of discord in this harmony, and crotchets of division in this holy melody” (GOSPEL MUSICK, pp.25 / BAY PSALM BOOK, **2r).

Though often attributed to Richard Mather, the preface to THE WHOLE BOOKE OF PSALMES FAITHFULLY TRANS- LATED INTO ENGLISH METRE, commonly known as the BAY PSALM BOOK, is now widely accepted to be the work of John Cotton. In THE ENIGMA OF THE BAY PSALM BOOK (1956), Zoltán Haraszti makes a compelling analysis of the extant manuscript draft of the preface held in the Thomas Prince Collection at Boston Public Library, drawing a positive comparison with the handwriting of other Cotton manuscripts. Haraszti also makes a case for the content of the preface being the product of Cotton’s impressively learned background: “The finer theological subtleties were more the element of Cotton, a Puritan Scholastic steeped in medieval habits of thought” (Haraszti, p.20). This hypothesis is added to by the scholarship of Karl Josef Höltgen, who also notes that “there are similar theological arguments in Cotton’s later tract SINGING OF PSALMS, A GOSPEL ORDINANCE (1647)” (Höltgen, p.129, n.30).

Before emigrating to the New World, John Cotton had been head lecturer at Emmanuel College for six years, and served as vicar to the beautiful 15th-century St. Boltoph’s Church, Boston, in Lincolnshire – for which Boston, Massachusetts is named. Evidence of Cotton’s involvement in the book’s production can also be glimpsed in a passage in John Josselyn’s AN ACCOUNT OF TWO VOYAGES TO NEW ENGLAND (1674) in which the author describes delivering in Boston on July 10, 1638 “to Mr. Cotton the Teacher of the Boston Church, [...] from Mr. Francis Quarles the poet, the Translation of the 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137. Psalms into English Meeter, for his approbation” (Josselyn, p.20). Furthermore, the fact that Francis Quarles, the famed poet and emblemist, was making submissions to the psalter via transatlantic courier also shows how connected the Bay Colonists were to their peers. It is worth noting, however, that Quarles’ translations were almost certainly not included in the final text of the Bay Psalm Book. In Höltgen’s analysis of those psalms enumerated by Josselyn, he finds that they “follow the rigidly literalist theory of translation professed in the preface” and show none of the “verbal variation and ‘polished’ versification, which were anathema to the colonial psalmists” (Höltgen, 129). The implication is that they were submitted to Cotton “for his approbation,” but were found wanting.

By the 1640s the Protestant discussions of psalmody had reached a crescendo. Of the more than two hundred total edi- tions of the metrical psalms printed in the 17th century, over sixty were printed in that decade alone (Hannay, p.20). The division was such that in 1644 the issue was put for discussion before the Westminster Assembly, a theological synod called by the Long Parliament during the First English Civil War to restructure the Church of England. The Westminster Assembly looked for input from the New England Puritan community, who had recently conducted their own scholarly re-translation of the psalms from the original Hebrew – resulting in the 1640 Bay Psalm Book. Initially three senior members of the Bay Colony (John Cotton, Thomas Hooker, and John Davenport) were invited to attend the Assembly, an invitation which they refused on practical grounds. The publication of this pamphlet, however, allowed Cotton’s words, if not his body, to be present for this debate. Margaret P. Hannay goes as far as to suggest that “[t]he reprinting of the preface makes it even more probable that copies of the BAY were circulating in London prior to 1644, that it was part of the controversy over the revised psalter, and that the subsequent 1647 London printing [of the Bay Psalm Book] was in response to English demand” (Hannay, p.22).

The present pamphlet is attributed to Nathaniel Homes [Holmes] (1599-1676), an independent millenarian divine who from 1642 held the position of rector of St. Mary Staining in London. He was one of the more radical leaning members of the Westminster Assembly, though he never actually sat in it. The pamphlet is in essence a vindication of another work purportedly entitled CERTAIN REASONS BY WAY OF CONFUTATION OF SINGING PSALMS IN THE LETTER, which does not survive. It is, however, listed as a separate item with pagination (thirty pages) in Lowndes’ THE BIBLI- OGRAPHER’S MANUAL OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. It is unclear whether this means that Lowndes had consulted a copy, or simply inferred its existence. Pages 1-25 of GOSPEL MUSICK constitute Homes’ own opinions and theory, followed by the portion of John Cotton’s preface on pages 25-30. Homes’ extract faithfully reproduces the first nine of the twelve pages in the 1640 Bay Psalm Book’s preface, sigs *2r-**2r. This constitutes the main theological and philosophical argument of the preface. The sound reasoning of Cotton’s argument is complimented in the more radical Homes’ livelier language, and shows the parallels between their standpoints on this issue. That the apocalyptic-leaning Homes saw kinship in Cotton’s words speaks volumes of the impact of the Bay Colony’s work on the non-conformists in England. While Cotton largely roots his arguments in Hebrew scripture, Homes is at times florid in his altogether more unrestrained condemna- tion, as here speaking of the liturgical tradition: “they do not let all the Congregation, neither sing, nor understand what is sung; battologizing and quavering over the same words vainly. Yea nor do all they sing together, but first one sings an Anthem, then half the Chore, then the other, tossing the Word of God like a Tenice-ball” (GOSPEL MUSICK, p.19).

The Massachusetts Bay Colony counted amongst its ranks a strong cohort of scholars and theologians – at least 135 of whom had university training (Hannay, p.20). Unlike the Puritan settlers of the Plymouth colony, their intellectual rela- tionship to the Church of England was one of reform rather than schismatic separatism. They considered their work to be in dialogue with the fractious early Anglican Church, and it was to this end that the endeavor of translating the psalms for congregational use was undertaken in the “New World.” The fact that resultant publication has the distinction of being the first book-length work to be printed in English Colonial North America attests to its paramount importance in the establishment of their society. Its printing in 1640 at the press of Stephen Daye in Cambridge was preceded only by a broadside and an almanac, neither of which survive.

The Bay Psalm Book has come to embody a landmark of rarity and desirability in the field of antiquarian books. Of the eleven copies known to survive (of an edition of around 1700), there have been just two recorded instances of a copy chang- ing hands in a public auction in the 20th century, and in both cases the winning bid has broken the record for the highest ever price achieved for a printed book at auction: first in 1947 at $151,000, and again in 2013 at $14,165,000. Nathaniel Homes’ GOSPEL MUSICK puts this work into its immediate context, giving us a sense of not only how and by whom it was received in England, but also the impact which it had on one of that decade’s most pressing theological debates. To this end, it has an undeniable importance as an exceptionally early piece of Protestant Americana.

There are at least two variant states of this pamphlet, the present copy being one of the earlier. There is an error in the first line beneath the book title on page A2r which reads: “The warrantablenesse of it from the word of word.” In the copy held at Princeton Theological Seminary, the second use of the word “word” has a clipped typographical correction pasted over with the word “God.” On page D2r in our copy the section title introducing the Cotton preface reads: “A Discourse of our worthy Brethren of NEW-ENGLAND, declaring their grave Judgement touching not onely the lawful- nesse, but also the necessity of the heavenly Ordinance of singing Scripture PSALMS in Meeter in the Churches of God. Which Discourse coming to the hand of the Author, after he had finished his weak Tract, he thought good to annex for strengthening his, and setling the doubting Christian.” In the copies held at Yale and Princeton there is an inserted line of ornaments beneath which this section title is amended to “The Preface to the NEW-ENGLAND Psalms, in which is shewed the Judgement of our worthy Brethren of NEW-ENGLAND touching the Singing of PSALMS.”

OCLC records copies of GOSPEL MUSICK at Cambridge University Library, University of Glasgow, British Library, New York Public Library (Lenox collection), Morgan Library, Huntington (Church collection), Yale, American Antiquar- ian Society, Clements Library (Streeter copy), Thomas Fisher Library, University of Toronto (two copies: Knox College collection; Forbes collection), Princeton Theological Seminary (Benson collection). ESTC adds Dr. Williams’ Library, Eton College Library, Bodleian and Houghton Library.

Rare Book Hub finds only four prior instances of its recorded sale: Brinley 1881, $11.50; Goodspeed 1928 (a Lenox Library duplicate) $300; Harmsworth 1950, £26; and Thomas W. Streeter 1967, $750.

It is interesting to note that the 1881 Brinley sale also included his copy of the Bay Psalm Book which sold for $1200 to Cornelius Vanderbilt. This is the same copy which was purchased in 1947 by Dr. Rosenbach for $151,000 and now is at Yale. Rosenbach far exceeded his bid and lost $45,000 on it. SABIN 28050. WING H2567. CHURCH 462. STREETER SALE 622. ESTC R13654. LOWNDES, v.6. 1641-2. Zoltán Haraszti, THE ENIGMA OF THE BAY PSALM BOOK (University of Chicago Press, 1956). Margaret P. Hannay, “Psalms done in meter” in THE COMMON PSALMS OF JOHN MILTON AND THE BAY COLONY IN CHRISTIANITY AND LITERATURE, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Spring 1983), pp.19-29. John Josselyn, AN ACCOUNT OF TWO VOYAGES TO NEW ENGLAND... (London: Giles Widdows, 1674). Karl Josef Höltgen, “New Verse by Francis Quarles: The Portland Manuscripts, Metrical Psalms, and the Bay Psalm” in ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Vol. 28, No. 1 (1998) pp.118-41. $67,500.

Dutch Voyage to the Pacific

9. [Behrens, Karl Friedrich]: [Roggeveen, Jacob]: HISTOIRE DE L’EXPEDITION DE TROIS VAISSEAUX, ENVOYÉS PAR LA COMPAGNIE DES INDES OCCIDENTALES DES PROVINCES-UNIES, AUX TERRES AUSTRALES EN MDCCXXI. PAR MONSIEUR DE B***. The Hague: Aux depens de la Compagnie, 1739. Two vol- umes. [12],224; [4],254pp. Half titles. 12mo. Later polished calf, gilt, spine gilt with raised bands, leather labels, marbled endpapers. Minor shelf wear, joints slightly rubbed. A clean, near fine copy. In a buckram slipcase.

The first French edition of Behrens’ REISE DURCH DIE SÜD-LÄNDER UND UM DIE WELT, an account of Jacob Roggeveen’s 1721-22 Pacific voyage, which provided important impetus for further exploration for the great Southern Continent. “Roggewein’s is the first certified account of contact with Easter Island and its great stone images, as well as the last of the great Dutch circumnavigations” – Cox.

The author was a sergeant and commander of marines on the voyage. Contemporary accounts of Roggeveen’s explorations were first published in Dutch in 1728 and in German beginning in 1735. This French translation was based on the Frankfurt and Leipzig edition of 1737. “Though some attribute the translation to Charles de Brosses, [Charles Pierre Claret] Fleurieu believed that the style of language revealed the efforts of a non-native speaker. With the text often more a paraphrasing of the German version than a direct translation, Fleurieu and others credit Behrens himself with the translation” – Hill. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 739/21. SABIN 4379. HILL 99. COX I, p.51. BORBA DE MORAES, p.95. HOWGEGO R63 (for Roggeveen). $7500.

A Cornerstone Americanum

10. Bordone, Benedetto: LIBRO DI BENEDETTO BORDONNE NEL QUAL SI RAGIONA DE TUTTE L’ISOLE DEL MONDO.... Venice: Nicolo Zoppino, 1528. [10],73 leaves, including four double-page maps and two single-page maps, and numerous woodcut maps and plans in the text. A few leaves misnumbered. Small folio. 18th-century vellum, spine gilt, leather label. Boards and spine moderately soiled, leather label abraded. Titlepage printed in red and black with text printed inside decorative woodcut border. Slight age-toning and occasional foxing. Small worm holes in first thirty leaves, barely affecting a few printed characters on each page. A very good copy.

The first edition of one of the earliest and most comprehensive works on the islands of the world, and a tremendous achievement of world cartography. Compared to the first work on world islands, or “Isolario,” by Sonetti (circa 1485), which contained only forty-nine maps, the 105 maps and plans included in Bordone’s effort mark a dramatic improvement in the attempt to map all known islands. Because of the rapid advances being made in the exploration of the New World, Bordone was able to include new cartographic representations of the north coast of South America, a substantial portion of New World island groups, and a new, dramatic rendering of the entire world.

The map of the unnamed north coast of South America represents an early close illustration of what the Spanish referred to as “Terra Firma” and what would later comprise a large portion of the Spanish Main. Only four place names are given on the mainland: “Chanchite,” “Cuztana,” “Mazatambal,” and “Paria,” located in the Guianas. To the north lie Jamaica and Hispaniola, along with a cluster of other, most likely fictional, islands. The surrounding text describes Columbus’ forays in the region, a menacing island of cannibals, and more.

The West Indies and other islands off the coast of the Americas are treated in considerable detail. Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cuba, Guadeloupe, and Martinique are each represented in a separate map, while two additional maps of island groups show Antigua, St. Martin, Santo Domingo, Rodonda, Montserrat, a fictional island representation of Brazil, and others. Like many works of this genre, the text includes lengthy treatments of each island, complete with brief histories and fantastical myths.

The famous oval world map shows all of the known regions of the globe. Europe, Africa, and Asia Major are clearly labeled; but North and South America remain “terra del laboratore” and “ponete modo novo (part of the new world)” respectively, despite following by twenty-one years Martin Waldseemüller’s assertion that the new lands ought to be called “America” after Amerigo Vespucci. The map of “Ciampagu” is considered by some to be the earliest known map of Japan printed in Europe. “For a long time Bordone’s world map was cited as the first drawn on an oval projection, prior to the discovery of Francesco Rosselli’s map of c. 1508 using this form of construction. References within Bordone’s book indicate that he had been occupied on its compilation for many years prior to publication...His 1528 map is undoubtedly based on Rosselli’s oval one although there are several points of difference; for instance the omission of all antarctic lands and the separation of Asia and America. Rosselli’s truncated form of South America is retained” – Shirley.

Bordone did not limit himself to the creation of excellent maps for the use of contemporary navigators and explorers. The view of Mexico City, captioned “La Gran Citta di Temistitan,” is one of the best early representations of the city, originally surrounded by water, before its destruction by Cortés. Numerous similar efforts that followed Bordone’s work displayed an increasingly insular view of the North American continent, making his publication considerably accurate for its time.

A beautifully produced book and a cornerstone of early Americana. HARRISSE 145. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 528/2. SABIN 6417. SANZ 1003. BORBA DE MORAES, pp.98-99. PHILLIPS ATLASES 162. JCB (3)I:98-99. SHIRLEY, MAPPING OF THE WORLD 59. KRAUS, WORLD ENCOMPASSED 83. BURDEN, MAPPING OF NORTH AMERICA 8. SUAREZ, SHEDDING THE VEIL 18. LeCLERC 181. RODRIGUES 426-27. $35,000.

A Significant French Circumnavigation

11. Bougainville, Hyacinthe de: JOURNAL DE LA NAVIGATION AUTOUR DU GLOBE DE LA FRÉGATE LA THÉTIS ET DE LA CORVETTE L’ESPÉRANCE, PENDANT LES ANNÉES 1824, 1825, ET 1826. Paris: Arthus Bertrand, 1837. Two large quarto text volumes plus folio atlas. Text volumes: vi,742; xvi,351,165,[2]pp. Atlas: [4]pp. plus fifty-six engraved or lithographed plates and double-page maps, many handcolored. Lacking front blank in first volume. Half titles. Errata. Uniform contemporary half tan diced russia and marbled boards, spines gilt. Text and altas neatly re- backed, preserving original backstrips. Two modern bookplates to each front pastedown, minor scattered foxing. Varying degrees of foxing to atlas plates. Very good.

First edition of the official record of Bougainville’s voyage around the world. Hyacinthe de Bougainville, son of Louis de Bougainville, sailed as an ensign at the age of eighteen on the Baudin voyage. His own expedition of 1826 has continued to be overshadowed by such circumnavigators as Dumont d’Urville. After distinguished service in the Napoleonic Wars, Bougainville was promoted to post-captain and given command of the Thétis. She was only the second French frigate to be commissioned for a circumnavigation, the first having been his father’s vessel, the Boudeuse.

The voyage took twenty-eight months, visiting Pondicherry, Manila, Macao, Surabaya, Sydney (a stay of almost three months), Valparaiso, and Rio, among other places. Bougainville returned to France with a fine collection of natural history specimens, and the official account of the voyage was handsomely published after a delay of some eleven years. The major purpose of the expedition was political and strategic, and Bougainville’s first report of 1826 gave the French government a survey of colonial possessions in Asia and of the military strength of Manila; as well as accounts of Singapore, the Aus- tralian colonies, and Spanish America. He spent several months in and around Sydney, where he collected considerable ornithological material. This ultimately resulted in three drawings by Bessa of four species of birds, including superb illustrations of the male and female Gang-gang, or red-crested parrot.

From here both ships crossed to Valparaiso where la Touanne commenced his overland journey to rejoin the expedition at Rio. The account of this journey takes up much of the second volume, together with René Primevère Lesson’s account of the natural history. Bougainville’s advice was taken into account in the development of French strategy and diplomacy in the Pacific during the 19th century.

The rare atlas volume includes thirty-four lithographed views and portraits after Adam, Sabatier and others from sketches by de la Touanne, printed by Bernard & Frey; twelve hand-colored engraved natural history plates after Bessa and Pretre by Coutant, Legrand, Oudet, Dumenil, and Massard; an excellent double-page hand-colored aquatint of various native vessels; a folding engraved world map; two double-page coastal profiles and six double-page engraved maps and charts by Tardieu after de la Touanne.

A handsome copy of an historically underappreciated circumnavigation. FERGUSON 2236. HILL 162. FINE BIRD BOOKS, p.79. BORBA DE MORAES I:115. NISSEN ZBI 483. SABIN 6875. WHITTELL, p.68. WOOD, p.251. ZIMMER 83. $22,500.

A Superb Copy from the Library of Napoleon’s Naval Minister

12. [Bougainville, Louis Antoine de]: VOYAGE AUTOUR DU MONDE, PAR LA FRÉGATE DU ROI LA BOU- DEUSE ET LA FLUTE L’ÉTOILE, EN 1766, 1767, 1768 & 1769. Paris: Saillant & Nyon, 1771. [8],417,[3]pp. with twenty-three maps and plates. Half title. Quarto. Contemporary mottled calf, gilt, leather label. Minor shelf wear. Small contemporary bookplate of the Duc de Decrès on front pastedown. Very minor foxing in margins of half title and last leaf. A remarkably bright and clean copy. Fine.

First edition of this important work. Bougainville first undertook an expedition to the Falkland Islands and Patagonia, at his own expense, to secure them for French colonization. To avoid possible conflict due to Spain’s envy of this acquisition, France gave up the territory to her. The narrative of that expedition was related in THE HISTORY OF A VOYAGE TO THE MALOUINE ISLANDS... (Paris, 1770). After delivering the Falklands to Spain, Bougainville was ordered across the Pacific to the East Indies, and then home. The completion of the three-year voyage marked the first official French circumnavigation and inspired much French interest in the Pacific islands. The party collected abundant natural history information concerning the regions visited; a chapter on the Falklands gives the history of their settlement as well. The expedition stopped at many South Sea islands, among them Tahiti, and included is a long section on that island as well as a vocabulary of the natives. Bougainville was in Buenos Aires when the order arrived for the expulsion of the Jesuits from Paraguay, which he describes in detail. An extraordinary capstone to this remarkable voyage was that Bougainville lost only seven out of two hundred men.

“Bougainville also touched at the Moluccas, Batavia, and Mauritius before he arrived once again in France in 1769. Al- though Bougainville made only a few important discoveries, he created a great deal of interest among the French in the Pacific, which resulted in the voyages of Marc-Joseph Marion de Fresne and Jean François de La Pérouse. The largest island in the Solomons and two straits in the Pacific bear his name, and the tropical flowering vine called bougainvillea was also named for him. Bougainville later took part in the American Revolution, survived the French Revolution, and was made a senator and count of the Empire by Napoleon I. Bougainville’s accounts of Pacific Islanders in this work echoed Jean Jacques Rousseau’s concepts of the ‘noble savage,’ and inspired Denis Diderot to write his denunciation of European contact with indigenous peoples” – Hill.

This copy belonged to Admiral, later Duc, Denis Decrès, Napoleon’s Minister for the Navy and the Colonies from 1801 to 1814, with his bookplate on the front pastedown. Decrès was the Minister directly responsible for Nicholas Baudin’s voyage to Australia. Therefore, there could have been much instructive value in the present volume for Decrès, who per- haps used Bougainville’s experiences with regard to Baudin, to assist in the various enquiries into voyage events, many of them relating to Baudin’s unfortunate command. A highly distinguished French naval provenance for one of the country’s legendary travel narratives. HILL 163. SABIN 6864. O’REILLY & REITMAN 283. BORBA DE MORAES, p.115. DU RIETZ 117. COX I, p.55. $15,000.

Very Rare Narrative of a Man and His Family Abandoned in the Wilds of Maine

13. Bradman, Arthur: A NARRATIVE OF THE EXTRAORDINARY SUFFERINGS OF MR. ROBERT FORBES, HIS WIFE AND FIVE CHILDREN. DURING AN UNFORTUNATE JOURNEY THROUGH THE WILDER- NESS, FROM CANADA TO KENNEBECK RIVER, IN THE YEAR 1784. Portland Printed, Reprinted at Exeter: Henry Ranlet, 1792. 23,[1]pp. Half title. Contemporary paper wrappers, restitched. Expert restoration with facsimile to half title and terminal leaf. Very good. In a red morocco box.

Robert Forbes, an American residing with his family in Canada on the Chaudière River, departed overland in mid-March 1784 with three Dutch guides, intending to relocate his family to a settlement on the Kennebec. Ten days into the journey, Forbes, his wife and five children were tricked, robbed and abandoned by their guides. Struggling on alone, they were assisted by a local Native American, who supplied them with moose meat and directions. But by April 12th, with supplies dwindling and terrain too difficult for his wife and all but his oldest child, Forbes made camp and left his wife to seek help. Travelling by raft and foot and surviving on a couple of ounces of moose meat and their leather shoes, Forbes and his eldest son were found by hunters on April 22. A rescue party for his wife and children was immediately raised, but the camp could not be reached until June 2, fifty days since being left at camp with little to no supplies. Emaciated and weak, remarkably, Forbes’s wife and one child survived.

Forbes’ tale evidently struck a chord with the locals, and his narrative was set to paper by Arthur Bradman. The work was first published in Portland in 1791, followed by the present Exeter printing the following year. Editions in Windsor (1792), Norwich (1793), Worcester (1793) and Philadelphia (1794) followed. All editions prior to the Philadelphia edition are very rare; only three institutional examples of this Exeter printing located in OCLC. BRISTOL B7942. SHIPTON & MOONEY 46397. $12,500.

Significant Collection of British Anti-Slavery Tracts

14. [British Abolitionism]: [Caribbean Slavery]: [Moorsom, Constantine Richard]: [PAIR OF SAMMELBANDS CONTAINING TWENTY BRITISH ANTI-SLAVERY AND SUGAR TRADE-RELATED PAMPHLETS BELONG- ING TO AN IMPORTANT BRITISH ABOLITIONIST]. [Various locations in Great Britain, but mostly London. 1810-1833]. Twenty titles bound in two volumes, paginations given below. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spines gilt, gilt morocco labels. Occasional foxing or tanning; a few titlepages with early ink manuscript notations. Very good.

A substantial collection of anti-slavery pamphlets belonging to, and with one written by Constantine Richard Moorsom, vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and later a noted abolitionist. Moorsom’s signature or initials appear on the half title or titlepage of all but three of the present pamphlets, and the last pamphlet is inscribed to Moorsom by the author; Moorsom also occasionally annotates or underlines the text. In addition, there are two contemporary newspaper clippings tipped in at the rear of the first volume – one with marginalia by Moorsom and one signed by him.

The central concern of all of the pamphlets is British involvement in slavery, especially in the Caribbean region. A good number of the pamphlets also focus on the economic and labor issues related to Caribbean planting practices, namely the sugar trade, with numerous arguments in favor of free labor over slave labor. All of the pamphlets were published in the lead-up to the abolition of slavery in the British colonies, which was achieved in 1833 with the passage of the Slavery Abo- lition Act. The Act freed more than 800,000 slaves in the Caribbean, South Africa, and Canada. The pamphlets present here are as follows, in bound order:

First volume:

1) Pitt, William: THE SPEECH OF THE RIGHT HON. WILLIAM PITT, IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, ON THE 2d OF April, 1792, ON THE SUBJECT OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE. Newcastle. 1824. [2],35,[1]pp. Later edition of a work first printed in London in 1792. “The debate of this date was one of the most important in the history of the anti-slavery struggle. It resulted in a victory for the colonial party, the latter securing a pledge from the House to support gradual rather than immediate abolition, as Wilberforce had desired” – Ragatz. Pitt sup- ported Wilberforce and delivered this speech, which reads in part: “I shall...oppose to the utmost every proposition which in any way may tend either to prevent, or even to postpone for an hour, the total abolition of the slave trade....” GOLDSMITHS 24332. RAGATZ, p.539 (ref).

2) ABSTRACT OF THE ACTS OF PARLIAMENT FOR ABOLISHING THE SLAVE TRADE, AND OF THE OR- DERS IN COUNCIL FOUNDED ON THEM. London. 1810. 43pp. Printed for the African Institution in London, this work contains summaries of the Parliamentary acts relating to the African slave trade, specifically those printed in 1806 and 1807, and the “Orders in Council of the 16th of March, 1808,” which instructs British Customs Collectors to “receive, protect, and provide for, all such Negroes, natives of Africa, as have been or shall be condemned, either as prize of war or forfeiture to the Crown.” GOLDSMITHS 20171.

3) A SHORT REVIEW OF THE SLAVE TRADE AND SLAVERY, WITH CONSIDERATIONS ON THE BENEFIT WHICH WOULD ARISE FROM CULTIVATING TROPICAL PRODUCTIONS BY FREE LABOUR. Birmingham. 1827. 129pp. “Emancipationist. Free labor was cheaper than slave labor. The slave system had been the cause of the exhaustion of the soil in the Caribbean since it did not allow rotation of crops. The inhabitants of Great Britain were the real upholders of slavery as they granted the planters a monopoly of the home market which alone enabled them to maintain their ruinous economic system” – Ragatz. RAGATZ, p.457.

4) Wilberforce, William: AN APPEAL TO THE RELIGION, JUSTICE, AND HUMANITY OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE, IN BEHALF OF THE NEGRO SLAVES IN THE WEST INDIES. London. 1823. 56pp. New edition. Wilberforce’s APPEAL argues for total emancipation and resulted in the formation of the Anti- Slavery Society in the same year of publication. GOLDSMITHS 23972. KRESS 1172. RAGATZ, p.569.

5) A CALM INQUIRY INTO THE COUNTENANCE AFFORDED BY THE SCRIPTURES OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS, TO THE SYSTEM OF BRITISH COLONIAL SLAVERY. London. 1832. 27pp. Written by a “Christian Minister” (sometimes attributed to George Smith) and dedicated to James Cropper, the work is “devoted to an examination of the merits of Colonial Slavery in a scriptural point of view,” according to the dedication. The text calls for slavery’s “speedy annihilation,” and that “every appeal to humanity and to Christian people must hasten the event.” Rare, with only seven copies in OCLC. OCLC 81132275, 29130603.

6) Hankey, William Alers: A LETTER TO THOMAS WILSON...OCCASIONED BY THE “ANALYSIS” OF HIS EVIDENCE ON THE SUBJECT OF SLAVERY.... London. 1833. [4],82pp. Half title. “Hankey, the proprietor of a Jamaican estate which he had never seen...advocated emancipation but held that slavery was a national rather than an individual crime and that the planters should be duly compensated for their property losses” – Ragatz. RAGATZ, p.509.

7) Hodgson, Adam: A LETTER TO M. JEAN-BAPTISTE SAY, ON THE COMPARATIVE EXPENSE OF FREE AND SLAVE LABOUR. Liverpool. 1823. [4],58,[2]pp. Second edition. Here, Hodgson reacts to French economist Jean-Baptiste Say, who had argued that while slavery was wrong, it was also the most profitable labor system known to man. Hodgson argues the greater value of free labor, citing various proponents from the West Indies and the United States, including Benjamin Franklin in his 1751 essay, OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE INCREASE OF MANKIND. GOLDSMITHS 23959. KRESS 1077. RAGATZ, p.513.

8) Cropper, James: RELIEF FOR WEST-INDIAN DISTRESS, SHEWING THE INEFFICIENCY OF PROTECTING DUTIES ON EAST-INDIA SUGAR.... London. 1823. [4],36pp. Half title. Cropper was a Quaker, a noted East India trader, and emancipationist from Liverpool. “Favors an equalization of duties on sugar from all countries, including Cuba and Brazil if they abandoned the slave trade, as well as the abolition of bounties and the granting of 6s. per hundredweight to the West India planters on all sugar imported from the Caribbean colonies, this to be divided an- nually among them in proportion to the number of slaves each had, and the admission of all sugars to be refined in bond” – Ragatz. SABIN 17620. KRESS 1047. RAGATZ, p.289.

“The author was a wealthy philanthropist, founder and head of the great East India trading house of Cropper, Benson & Co. of Liverpool. He devoted much energy to the cause of emancipation, cooperating with Wilberforce and Clark- son. Unfortunately, his dual position as an importer of oriental produce and an advocate of emancipation, which was to be brought about through removing restrictive duties on East India sugar and thus forcing the West India planters to come to terms, made him peculiarly subject to attack and his enemies constantly had him on the defensive. He seems, however, to have been perfectly sincere” – Ragatz.

9) [Liverpool Mercury]: LETTERS ON THE MEANS OF ABOLISHING SLAVERY IN THE WEST INDIES, AND IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF THE SLAVES.... London. 1827. [8],70pp. Half title. A series of abolitionist letters “on the means of ameliorating, and ultimately abolishing West Indian Slavery” first written to the Liverpool MERCURY. Exceedingly rare, with only three copies in OCLC. Not in Ragatz. OCLC 9658631.

10) Cropper, James: THE SUPPORT OF SLAVERY INVESTIGATED. Liverpool. 1824. [2],27pp. Cropper argues that slavery was an unfortunate and “wasteful labor system which could be supported only by virgin lands, monopoly prices, or fiscal advantage. In the case of the West Indies, bounties and protecting duties were its supports. If they were abolished, a free labor regime must ensue.” GOLDSMITHS 24306. KRESS 1223. RAGATZ, p.494.

Second volume:

11) EAST INDIA SUGAR, OR AN INQUIRY RESPECTING THE MEANS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND REDUCING THE COST OF SUGAR RAISED BY FREE LABOUR IN THE EAST INDIES. London. 1824. [2],41pp. An interesting economic report that seeks to solve the problem of the protective duties of ten shillings per hundred weight imposed on East Indian sugar over the prices paid for West Indian sugar. GOLDSMITHS 24127.

12) [Moorsom, Constantine Richard]: HOW DO WE PROCURE SUGAR? A QUESTION PROPOSED FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN. Whitby. 1828. 11pp. A short but persuasive pamphlet published by the Anti-Slavery Society and written by the compiler of the present sammelbands, with his initials next to the author credit “By a Naval Officer” on the titlepage. In the text, Moorsom intends to make clear to the British people exactly where their sugar comes from: “We procure sugar by the labour of Slaves.” The work also furthers the argument that free labor is cheaper and more effective than slave labor, “now fully established by experiment and facts.” Not in Ragatz. Only one copy in OCLC, at the University of California, Berkeley. GOLDSMITHS 25688. OCLC 21622755.

13) Conder, Josiah: WAGES OR THE WHIP. AN ESSAY ON THE COMPARATIVE COST AND PRODUCTIVENESS OF FREE AND SLAVE LABOUR. London. 1833. [4],91pp. An important pamphlet that argues for emancipation of the slave labor force in the West Indies, accompanied by the settlement, continued employment, and wages for said emancipated slaves. “Slave labor was, in fact, expensive and added greatly to the uncertainty of plantership. It was the cause of the exciting West Indian distress” – Ragatz. GOLDSMITHS 28315. KRESS 3445. RAGATZ, p.491.

14) [Macaulay, Zachary]: NEGRO SLAVERY; A VIEW OF SOME OF THE MORE PROMINENT FEATURES OF THAT STATE OF SOCIETY, AS IT EXISTS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND IN THE COLO- NIES OF THE WEST INDIES, ESPECIALLY IN JAMAICA. London. 1823. [4],92pp. An important anti-slavery pamphlet, being a compendium of contemporary accounts of the evils of the slavery system in the United States through the travels of Hall and Fearon. The section on conditions in the West Indies includes an account of Jamaica by Rev. Thomas Cooper, “missionary in the island from 1817 to 1821, which embroiled him in an acrimonious controversy with the colonials headed by Robert Hibbert” (Ragatz). SABIN 52269. GOLDSMITHS 23964. KRESS 1106. RAGATZ, p.522. LIBRARY COMPANY, AFRO-AMERICANA 6164A.

15) SLAVERY IN THE WEST INDIES [caption title]. London. 1830. 8pp. Reprinted from the WESTMINSTER RE- VIEW, this penny pamphlet includes accounts of the trial of Esther Hibner and the case of the “Cruelties perpetrated by Henry and Helen Moss on a Female Negro Slave who died under the infliction” in the Bahamas. The text also discusses the economic factors in the West Indies that have contributed to the mistreatment of slaves, namely the sugar trade. The head of the first page contains an engraving of a slaver holding a long whip, poised to bring the whip down on a chained slave begging on his knees. The engraving is signed by George Cruikshank, who would later gain fame illustrating the books of Charles Dickens. A number of similarly-titled publications are listed in Ragatz, but not this one.

16) FACTS PROVING THE GOOD CONDUCT AND PROSPERITY OF EMANCIPATED NEGROES AND RE- MARKS ON MELIORATION [caption title]. [N.p., likely London. ca. 1830]. 35pp. A collection of slave troubles far and wide, from Haiti to South Africa to Kentucky to Tortola to Liberia, and numerous other locations. The anonymous author then argues:

“It appears that in every place and time in which emancipation has been tried, not one drop of white blood has been shed or even endangered by it; that it has every where greatly improved the condition of the blacks, and in most places has removed them from a state of degradation and suffering to one of respectability and happiness. Can it then be justifiable on account of any vague fears of we know not what evils, to reject this just, salutary, and hitherto uninjurious measure; and to cling to a system which we know by certain experience is producing crime, misery, and death during every day of its existence?”

17) Whiteley, Henry: THREE MONTHS IN JAMAICA, IN 1832: COMPRISING A RESIDENCE OF SEVEN WEEKS ON A SUGAR PLANTATION. London. 1833. [2],24pp. “The author was sent to Jamaica by a London West India house with a recommendation to the latter’s attorney that he be given employment. While on the island, he witnessed the harsh punishment accorded the slaves and developed a great antipathy for plantation life. He was found out to be a Methodist and hastily left the colony when his life was threatened” – Ragatz. This foundational pamphlet on abolition was later reprinted around 1862 and retitled THE HORRORS OF SLAVERY to discourage British aid to the fledgling Confederacy during the Civil War. GOLDSMITHS 28339. RAGATZ, p.568.

18) Jeremie, John: FOUR ESSAYS ON COLONIAL SLAVERY. London. 1832. [4],125,[1]pp. Second edition, after the first published the previous year. For six years Jeremie served as president of the royal court at St. Lucia before serving as procurer general in Mauritius. These four essays were written in an unofficial capacity, but still caused some trouble for Jeremie during the appointment process for Mauritius. “Jeremie urged immediate progressive amelioration leading to emancipation by act of Parliament rather than by the several colonial Legislatures” – Ragatz. GOLDSMITHS 27668. RAGATZ, p.517.

19) Godwin, Benjamin, Rev.: THE SUBSTANCE OF A COURSE OF LECTURES ON BRITISH COLONIAL SLAV- ERY.... London. 1830. xii,171pp. plus folding table. Half title. “A series of four lectures on slavery as an institution, the evils of the system, its unlawfulness, the growth and progress of the anti-slave movement and the need for emancipa- tion. The author, a nonconformist clergyman at Bradford, delivered these addresses in public halls to gain sympathy for the negro cause on the part of those who might be drawn into a dissenting church to hear him speak” – Ragatz. Six years later an American edition appeared in Boston for propaganda purposes under the title LECTURES ON SLAVERY. This copy is heavily annotated and underlined by Moorsom. GOLDSMITHS 26479. RAGATZ, p.507.

20) [Cropper, James]: A REVIEW OF THE REPORT OF A SELECT COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF COM- MONS, ON THE STATE OF THE WEST INDIA COLONIES...OR, THE INTERESTS OF THE COUNTRY AND THE PROSPERITY OF THE WEST INDIA PLANTERS MUTUALLY SECURED IN THE IMMEDIATE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. Liverpool. 1833. 30pp. Presentation copy, inscribed from Cropper to C.R. Moorsom on the titlepage. A substantial work relating the disadvantageous aspects of the Brazilian slave trade. Cropper argues for emancipation of the West Indian slaves, and opposes both bounties and the Caribbean monopoly. The work is also sometimes attributed to George Smith, but Ragatz’s attribution to Cropper and the presentation inscription here both speak well for Cropper’s authorship. SABIN 70259. GOLDSMITHS 28314. KRESS 3453. RAGATZ, p.494 (ref).

Vice-Admiral Constantine Richard Moorsom (1792-1861) joined the Royal Navy College at age fifteen, and two years later he embarked on the H.M.S. Revenge. He participated in the bombardment of Algiers in 1816, which resulted in the release of numerous slaves. Moorsom spent considerable time in the Caribbean during his naval service, which no doubt informed his later work as an abolitionist. He wrote several monographs on subjects as diverse as steam navigation, naval tactics, signal codes, and the abolition of slavery. Moorsom is pictured as one of the attendees in a famous painting by Benjamin Haydon of the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in London in 1840; the painting is held at the National Portrait Gallery in London.

A deep and diverse collection of anti-slavery works once belonging to an ardent and active abolitionist. $9750. African-American Memoir of Life in New England

15. [Brown, William J.]: THE LIFE OF WILLIAM J. BROWN, OF PROVIDENCE, R.I. WITH PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF INCIDENTS IN RHODE ISLAND. Providence: Angell & Co., 1883. 230pp. Original brown cloth, front board gilt. Minor staining and edge wear to boards, spine ends slightly chipped. Text moderately toned, a handful of passages underlined in blue ink. Overall very good.

A rare and notable African-American autobiography. William J. Brown (1814-85), the son of an African-American man and a Narragansett Indian woman, provides a rich description of what the life of an African American in Rhode Island was like in the 19th century. At the time of this writing, Brown, a shoemaker and Baptist minister, had lost his sight and was nearly paralyzed, probably from arthritis. He relates that he wishes to set down his narrative not only for financial support, but also for posterity, to give the rising generation “conception of the discouragements and disadvantages with which their parents had to contend.” Brown relates much of Rhode Island history in his narrative, beginning with an account of his grandfather, an African slave, brought to Rhode Island by the noted Quaker Moses Brown (before Moses Brown turned against slavery). He also writes about the black perspective on temperance, his participation in organizing a local unit of black troops to fight in the Civil War, and the community response to the Emancipation Proclamation. Rare, interesting, and highly readable. LIBRARY COMPANY, AFRO-AMERICANA 1718. KAPLAN 738. $2500.

Presentation Copy to a Shipmate

16. Browne, William Henry, Lieut.: TEN COLOURED VIEWS TAKEN DURING THE ARCTIC EXPEDITION OF HER MAJESTY’S SHIPS “ENTERPRISE” AND “INVESTIGATOR,” UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAP- TAIN SIR JAMES C. ROSS... London: Ackermann & Co., 1850. 8pp., text in double columns, in English and French. Plus ten color lithographic views on seven sheets. Folio. Publishers’ grey cloth with gilt title and royal standard on front cover, blindruling on both covers, a.e.g. Skillfully rebacked preserving portion of original spine. Wear and a few stains to boards, corners bumped. Two small tears to tissue guards. Some marginal foxing and tanning. Very good.

A presentation copy, inscribed on the titlepage “Presented to J.E. Brooman by his ship mate and friend Willy Browne, with best wishes.” There is an additional inscription on the titlepage by Brooman, presenting this copy to Emily L. Royle.

This work presents William Henry Browne’s exceptional depictions of the Arctic, drawn from his personal experiences. Lieut. Browne was an officer on the fourth expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, who had disappeared in 1845 while seeking a northwest passage. This is one of three color plate books to result from Franklin search parties, being the earliest and more modest of them (the portfolios of Creswell and May, issued in 1854 and 1855, are grander affairs). Nonethe- less, the Browne plates are handsome and striking arctic scenes depicting the stark scenery of the Far North and the toils of the expedition. J.E. Brooman served again with Browne as Purser on board the H.M.S. “Resolute” under Capt. H.T. Austin on the 1850-51 expedition in search of Franklin, which found traces of Franklin’s first winter camp on Beechey Island from 1845-46, as well as the graves of John Torrington, John Hartnell, and William Braine.

This title is uncommon, and this is the only presentation copy we have come across in auction records or in the marketplace. ABBEY 637. SABIN 73366. TPL 3047. LANDE 10033. ARCTIC BIBLIOGRAPHY 2344. Peter L. Simmonds, THE ARCTIC REGIONS: BEING AN ACCOUNT OF THE AMERICAN EXPEDITION IN SEARCH OF SIR JOHN FRANKLIN... (Auburn & Buffalo: Miller, Orton & Mulligan, 1854). $8500.

Outstanding Political Letter to the Son of “Mad Anthony” Wayne

17. Buchanan, James: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JAMES BUCHANAN AS CONGRESSMAN FROM PENNSYLVANIA, TO HON. ISAAC WAYNE, SON OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR HERO GEN. AN- THONY WAYNE]. Washington, D.C. May 4, 1826. [2]pp. Fine. In a half red morocco clamshell case.

An excellent letter in which the future president discusses candidly the prospects of the candidates in the 1828 presidential election. At the time he wrote this letter James Buchanan was serving his third term as a Democratic member of the U.S. House from Pennsylvania, and he was already a staunch supporter of Andrew Jackson. He not only discusses Jackson’s very favorable outlook in the 1828 presidential race, but also cattily asserts that Vice President Henry Clay is in fact the real power in the John Quincy Adams administration, and conjectures on who will be named to replace Rufus King as Ambassador to Great Britain. Buchanan wrote this letter to his fellow Congressman from Pennsylvania, Isaac Wayne, son the military hero, “Mad” Antony Wayne. Buchanan writes:

“...I think...that the fate of Mr. [John Quincy] Adams in the next contest is already determined. He cannot be re-elected unless Gen. Jackson should in the mean time die or be rendered unable to discharge the duties of President. We have no reason to apprehend either of these events; as his health is now much better than it has been for several years. Doubt no longer rests upon the course which will be pursued by Virginia, North Carolina & Georgia. New York will without doubt be hostile to the re-election of Mr. Adams; and if it has not yet, like the three States I have mentioned, taken any decided course, it is on account of their local politics. Jackson has nothing to fear from Adams in that State; though it is possible Clinton may give him trouble.

“Conjecture is busy upon the subject, who will be the successor of Mr. King? Some think it will be Mr. Webster whilst others say Mr. Brown will be sent to England & Mr Gallatin take his station at Paris. I have no data on which to form an opinion. – The whole course of the administration has proved that every appointment is made either with a view of rewarding past services or of obtaining new friends. Mr. Clay is, between you & myself, the President....”

This is among the earliest Buchanan autograph letters to appear in the market, and it has quite interesting content on American politics in a tumultuous time. $7500.

With All Thirteen Plates of Revolutionary War Figures

18. [Burke, Edmund]: AN IMPARTIAL HISTORY OF THE WAR IN AMERICA, BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND HER COLONIES, FROM ITS COMMENCEMENT TO THE END OF THE YEAR 1779. London: Printed for R. Faulder...and J. Milliken, 1780. xii,608,44pp. plus large folding map and thirteen plates. 20th-century dark green crushed morocco by Pratt, boards paneled in gilt, spine elaborately gilt and with raised bands, gilt inner dentelles, marbled endpapers, a.e.g. Bookplate on front pastedown, front free endpaper partially detached. Folding map backed with linen. Internally clean. Very good.

The first edition of a reputedly “impartial” history of the American Revolution attributed to Edmund Burke. “Of the nar- rative on the American war in the ‘Annual Register,’ Dr. William Smyth, in his ‘Lectures on modern history,’ says ‘...The account is understood to have been drawn up by Edmund Burke’.... The sections from the Register were reprinted as ‘An impartial history of the war in America, between Great Britain and her colonies, from its commencement to the end of the year 1779” – Winsor. The book contains a large map titled “A New Map of North America,” which has no separate imprint or publication information. The map shows America from Newfoundland and Hudson’s Bay south to Florida and all the way west into Louisiana Territory. It is highly detailed, labeled with forts, factories, rivers, Indian tribes, and settlements.

This copy has all thirteen of the rare portraits, showing the following important historical figures in full length: William Howe, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, an American rifleman, George Washington, Benedict Arnold, Robert Hopkins, Charles Lee, Richard Howe, General Putnam, Benjamin Franklin, David Wooster, and Horatio Gates. An important contemporary history of the American Revolution, by one of the most incisive political minds of his time, and with the full complement of plates, infrequently found thus. HOWES B975, “aa.” WINSOR 500. ESTC T45611. SABIN 34375. ADAMS 80-45a. CHURCH 1171. $6000.

Famous Views of American Indian Life

19. Catlin, George: CATLIN’S NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN PORTFOLIO. HUNTING SCENES AND AMUSE- MENTS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND PRAIRIES OF AMERICA. FROM DRAWINGS AND NOTES OF THE AUTHOR, MADE DURING EIGHT YEARS’ TRAVEL AMONGST FORTY-EIGHT OF THE WILD- EST AND MOST REMOTE TRIBES OF SAVAGES IN NORTH AMERICA. London: C. & J. Adlard for George Catlin, Egyptian Hall, 1844. [pp.1-2] letterpress title (verso blank); [pp.3-4] “To the Reader”; pp.[5-]20 text. Twenty-five handcolored lithographic plates on thick paper, after Catlin, drawn on stone by Catlin (2) or McGahey (23), and printed by Day & Haghe. Folio. Publisher’s brown moiré cloth boards, upper cover lettered in gilt, rebacked and retipped with dark brown calf. Endpapers and tissue guards renewed. Scattered minor soiling. Else very good.

First edition, handcolored issue. Catlin published the first two issues of CATLIN’S NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN PORTFOLIO... simultaneously in late November 1844. The first issue was handcolored and the second had tinted plates. Catlin originally envisaged publishing a series of linked but separate portfolios, each with its own theme: religious rites, dances, costumes, etc. Unfortunately, the first series was the only one that was ever published, and its production proved to be so taxing, both financially and physically, that Catlin sold both the publication and distribution rights to Henry Bohn.

CATLIN’S NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN PORTFOLIO contains the results of his years of painting, living with, and travelling amongst the Great Plains Indians. Catlin summarized the American Indians as “an honest, hospitable, faithful, brave, warlike, cruel, revengeful, relentless, – yet honourable, contemplative and religious being.” In a famous passage from the preface of his NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN PORTFOLIO, Catlin describes how the sight of several tribal chiefs in Philadelphia led to his resolution to record their way of life: “the history and customs of such a people, preserved by pictorial illustrations, are themes worthy of the lifetime of one man, and nothing short of the loss of my life shall prevent me from visiting their country and becoming their historian.” He saw no future for either their way of life or their very existence, and with these thoughts always at the back of his mind he worked, against time, setting himself a truly pun- ishing schedule, to record what he saw. From 1832 to 1837 he spent the summer months sketching the tribes and then finished his pictures in oils during the winter. The record he left is unique, both in its breadth and in the sympathetic understanding that his images constantly demonstrate. A selection of the greatest of images from this record was pub- lished in CATLIN’S NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN PORTFOLIO in an effort to reach as wide an audience as possible. In addition to publishing the present work, Catlin spent from 1837 to 1852 touring the United States, England, France, and Holland with his collection of paintings and examples of Indian crafts, accompanied by representative members of the Indian tribes. A financial reverse in 1852 resulted in his losing the collection, but he spent his later years making several trips to South and Central America sketching the natives there.

The plates are as follows:

1) “North American Indians.” 14) “Snow Shoe Dance.” 2) “Buffalo Bull Grazing.” 15) “Buffalo Hunt, on Snow Shoes.” 3) “Wild Horses, at Play.” 16) “Wounded Buffalo Bull.” 4) “Catching the Wild Horse.” 17) “Dying Buffalo Bull, in Snow Drift.” 5) “Buffalo Hunt, Chase.” 18) “The Bear Dance.” 6) “Buffalo Hunt, Chase.” 19) “Attacking the Grizzly Bear.” 7) “Buffalo Hunt, Chase.” 20) “Antelope Shooting.” 8) “Buffalo Dance.” 21) “Ball Players.” 9) “Buffalo Hunt, Surround.” 22) “Ball-Play Dance.” 10) “Buffalo Hunt, White Wolves attacking a Buffalo Bull.” 23) “Ball Play.” 11) “Buffalo Hunt, Approaching a Ravine.” 24) “Archery of the Mandans.” 12) “Buffalo Hunt, Chasing Back.” 25) “Wi-Jun-Jon an Assiniboine Chief...Going to Washing- 13) “Buffalo Hunt, Under the White Wolf Skin.” ton...Returning to his home.”

A highly important record of a “truly lofty and noble race....A numerous nation of human beings...three-fourths of whose country has fallen into the possession of civilized man...twelve million of whose bodies have fattened the soil in the mean time; who have fallen victims to whiskey, the small-pox, and the bayonet” (Catlin). ABBEY 653. FIELD 258. HOWES C243, “c.” McCRACKEN 10. SABIN 11532. WAGNER-CAMP 105a:1. William S. Reese, “The Production of CATLIN’S NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN PORTFOLIO, 1844-1876,” issue 2. REESE, BEST OF THE WEST 81. $110,000.

Catlin’s Iowa Indians on Display in London

20. Catlin, George: PATRONIZED BY THEIR ROYAL HIGHNESSES THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF CAM- BRIDGE...THE FOURTEEN IOWAY INDIANS FROM NEAR THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, IN AMERICA. VAUXHALL GARDENS! EACH DAY THIS WEEK, FROM 3 TO 6.... [London]: W.S. Johnson, “Nassau Steam Press,” [1844]. Small printed broadsheet, 10¼ x 7½ inches. Pencil annotation on recto: “Septr 11th 44.” Old folds, slight tear at right edge center fold. Near fine.

Rare handbill advertising the public appearance of “fourteen Ioway Indians” as part of George Catlin’s traveling “Indian Gallery.” Catlin arrived in England in 1840 and set up his Gallery in the Egyptian Hall in Piccadilly, followed by a tour throughout Britain. When a group of Iowa(y) Indians arrived in England in the summer of 1844 under the management of George H.C. Melody, Catlin seized the opportunity and hired them to perform in London. This was perhaps made easier because Catlin already knew three of them – Mew-hu-she-kaw (White Cloud), Neu-mon-ya (Walking Rain), and Wash-ka-mon-ya (Fast Dancer) – having met them in a village on the Missouri River in southern Nebraska in the early 1830s. These three also sat for Catlin, and the paintings were added to his Gallery in subsequent shows. Catlin secured Vauxhall Gardens, where he promised to feature “Grand equestrian and archery fêtes” performed by the Iowa. Further, “Mr. Catlin having made arrangements for these famous and spacious Grounds, will turn the fourteen Ioway Indians loose for a few days, where they can be seen to great advantage, in all the freedom of savage, forest life; their Tents (or wig- wams) brought with them from their country, will regularly be pitched, forming a picturesque encampment, in front of which they will give their dances, games, ball plays, songs, archery, and equestrian exercises.” The verso provides a detailed description of the encampment; the program of dances, activities, and speeches; and the names of the Indians, including their interpreter, Jeffrey (Doraway). Catlin also notes, “This, it should be remembered, is the first time that ever a party of Indians have appeared encamped in an open plain in Europe: they will appear in their tents as in their native village, and will enable the public to form a correct idea of their peculiar habits, manners, and customs....” After a successful tour through Britain, the group accepted an invitation to perform in Paris, and Catlin moved them and his Gallery to France, where they were enthusiastically welcomed and performed for King Louis Philippe and the royal family.

During the 1830s, Catlin (1796-1872), a self-taught artist, traveled the Great Plains of the American West, absorbing the ways of the North American Indian tribes he found still flourishing there. Over the next decade he embarked on a journey to create a faithful visual study of the people, customs, and surroundings of the tribes he was welcomed by, which culminated in his numerous publications of prints and drawings of North American Indians. In a famous passage from the preface to his NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN PORTFOLIO, Catlin describes how the sight of several tribal chiefs in Philadelphia led to his resolution to record their way of life: “the history and customs of such a people, preserved by pictorial illustrations, are themes worthy of the lifetime of one man, and nothing short of the loss of my life shall prevent me from visiting their country and becoming their historian.” He saw no future for either their way of life or their very existence, and with these thoughts always at the back of his mind he worked, against time, setting himself a truly punishing schedule to record what he saw. From 1832 to 1837 he spent the summer months sketching the tribes, then finished his pictures in oils during the winter. The record he left is unique, both in its breadth and in the sympathetic understanding that his images constantly demonstrate. Catlin painted around 600 highly realistic and powerfully projected portraits of Indians, carefully recording their costume, culture, and way of life. Catlin then spent 1837 to 1852 touring the U.S., England, France, and Holland with his collection of paintings and examples of Indian crafts, and accompanied by repre- sentative members of the tribes he had visited.

This broadsheet advertising the presence of fourteen Iowa Indians in London is decidedly rare. We found only two copies listed in OCLC (Yale, Library of Congress), and could find no records at auction. OCLC 27861270, 39085626. $6000.

Presentation Set

21. Catlin, George: CATLIN’S NOTES OF EIGHT YEARS’ TRAVELS AND RESIDENCE IN EUROPE, WITH HIS NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN COLLECTION. WITH ANECDOTES AND INCIDENTS OF THE TRAV- ELS AND ADVENTURES OF THREE DIFFERENT PARTIES OF AMERICAN INDIANS WHOM HE IN- TRODUCED TO THE COURTS OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND BELGIUM. London: Published by the author, 1848. Two volumes. xvi,296; xii,336pp., plus twenty-four plates. Printed slip bound in following p.302 in second volume. Original pictorial cloth stamped in gilt and blind, spines gilt. Expertly rebacked, retaining original backstrips. Endpapers renewed, save for the original front free endpaper in the first volume, bearing Catlin’s presentation inscription. Cloth lightly rubbed. Old inkstain on page 91 of first volume, else clean internally. Very good.

A presentation set, inscribed on the front free endpaper of the first volume, “Mr. A.B. Wright, from his friend, the author, Geo. Catlin 1848.”

This is the second edition, published the same year as the first. This work appeared just as Catlin’s Indian Gallery re- opened in London, only to be bashed by British critics who complained of “a recklessness and a roughness in some of his anecdotes” and “indelicate innuendoes and double entendres” (Dippie). Later printed under the title, ADVENTURES OF THE OJIBBEWAY AND IOWAY INDIANS IN ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND BELGIUM.... “Anecdotal though it is, NOTES is a readable and revealing book in the classic satirical vein of the visitor from a foreign culture commenting on the peculiarities of civilized society” – Dippie. SABIN 11533. FIELD 256. Dippie, CATLIN AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES, pp.126-27 and passim. REESE, BEST OF THE WEST 77 (note). $3750.

A Wonderful George Catlin Letter

22. Catlin, George: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM GEORGE CATLIN TO AMERICAN ARTIST GEORGE HARVEY, RELATING AN OFFER FROM THE FRENCH EMPEROR TO BUY CATLIN’S AMERI- CAN INDIAN PAINTINGS]. Ostende. Nov. 20, 1864. [4]pp. written on a single folded 8 x 10-inch sheet. Old stain along lower portion of center fold. One small tear in center fold expertly repaired, with no loss. Near fine.

An interesting and evocative letter from George Catlin regarding his life’s work and the future of his Indian paintings. Financial troubles plagued Catlin throughout his life, and in this letter, written to his close friend, artist George Harvey, he relates a plan by which he might sell his collections to the French government. Catlin writes, in part:

“...by the enclosed letter from Paris [not included here, as Harvey apparently returned it to Catlin (see below)] – from the Emperor’s house, you will see I have a ‘nibble,’ a symptom. This is a plan started without my knowledge (as this letter was the first I heard of it) in Paris by Monsieur Mérimeé, a member of Deputies, & Marshall Vaillant, Minister of the Emperor’s household, as you see, and, as you will say, ‘all the better.’ The gentleman who wrote the letter came expressly from Paris & spent a day with me to get my terms, inventory &c of my collections & has returned to Paris, to make his ‘Rapport.’ I have furnished him the following items – to make them short – for 50,000 dollars I will agree to sell my entire collection of North Amn Indian paintings & Indian manufacturies, as exhibited in Paris (furnishing them the catalogue) together with my collections made west of the Rocky Mountains in 1856 & 1857. I will agree to proceed immediately to N. York and take my collections all to Paris, spend an entire year in finishing up the paintings and arranging them, the gov’t – engaging to have ready at that time a hall sufficiently large to show to advantage the whole collections – with a central sky-light, lighting equally and clearly both walls, allowing me to arrange & classify the collections in my own way – the said hall – to perpetuate the collection in such hall [the previous three words struck through] under the title of ‘Catlin’s N. Amn Indian Collection’ and the 50,000 dollars to be paid when the collection is finished and arranged.

“What may grow out of this I can’t tell – it may, possibly, result in the sale of my collection, though so un-like my luck, that I don’t believe it – yet ‘stranger things have happened.’ If it should so happen, none can better appreciate than your- self, the satisfaction I should feel in seeing the works of my toilsome life thus treasured up and protected for the world to gaze at after I am off, – and the satisfaction it would afford me of being elevated for a little time, just at the end of my life, above the atmosphere of thieves and blackguards. These gentlemen are setting a high value on my works, but I have not a particle of faith in the Emperor.

“The plan is so far in secrecy, not a soul here knowing anything of it, and I wish you, at present, to keep it close. Be good enough in your next, to enclose the Paris letter.”

Catlin closes with a comment on the still ongoing American Civil War: “I have been so anxiously awaiting the news from N. York, and which we ought to have rec’d yesterday or today, that I am almost too nervous to write – I am imagining bloodshed & fires in the northern cities, at the time of the Election & I shall be thankful to Heaven if it has been avoided.”

George Harvey (1800-78), a British-born artist who moved to the United States in 1820, was best known for his portraits, landscapes, and “atmospheric views.” In 1841 he published HARVEY’S SCENES IN THE PRIMITIVE FORESTS OF NORTH AMERICA in a very small edition. He was one of George Catlin’s most loyal friends, and it was Harvey who arranged for the exhibition of Catlin’s paintings in New York when Catlin returned to the United States after thirty years abroad. Harvey wrote a very sympathetic appreciation of Catlin for the NEW YORK EVENING POST in December 1872 the day after Catlin died, in which he proposed a plan to permanently exhibit Catlin’s Indian paintings in New York.

As it turned out, Catlin’s paintings were not sold to the French government, nor were they permanently exhibited in New York. Much of his work was saved by the intercession of Philadelphia locomotive tycoon Joseph Harrison, eventually finding its way to the Smithsonian Institution and the National Gallery of Art. Any substantive letter from George Cat- lin, especially one so clearly relating his ongoing frustrations with marketing and placing his work, is rare in the market. $7500.

An Album of Chicago Architecture by Photographer John W. Taylor

23. [Chicago]: [Taylor, John W., photographer]: [ALBUM CONTAINING 154 ALBUMEN PHOTOGRAPHS OF CHICAGO BY A NOTED PHOTOGRAPHER, INCLUDING IMPORTANT ARCHITECTURAL IMAGES, AS WELL AS IMAGES RELATING TO THE PREPARATIONS FOR THE 1893 WORLD’S FAIR, THE STOCK- YARDS AS DESCRIBED BY UPTON SINCLAIR, AND MORE]. [Chicago. ca 1890]. 152 albumen photographs, most 7 x 9 inches, mounted recto and verso of each leaf within the album. Images captioned in manuscript on the mount below the image, many signed in white ink or in the negative by Taylor. Oblong folio. Expertly bound to style in half dark purple morocco and period cloth, spine lettered in gilt, marbled endpapers. Very good.

A major photographic record of the city of Chicago and its architecture in the late 19th century, almost entirely the work of the significant photographer, John W. Taylor, with his imprint in the negative. Taylor was a bookseller and stationer before advertising himself as a commercial photographer in the late 1880s. He concentrated his work on Chicago-area architecture and city infrastructure. Today he is recognized as a pioneering photographer of architecture, working in Chicago at the very beginning of the skyscraper era. This superb photograph album presents a fairly comprehensive view of Chicago’s architecture and life during one of the city’s most interesting and vibrant periods, from the highest of the skyscrapers to the interiors of pig pens in the stockyards, with numerous residences, parks, lush interiors, the 1893 World’s Fair, and more in between.

Taylor’s importance as one of the earliest significant architectural photographers is addressed in Peter Bacon Hales’ SIL- VER CITIES: PHOTOGRAPHING AMERICAN URBANIZATION, 1839-1939:

“Photographers of the older generation managed to retain their identities even as they adjusted to their more prosaic role as visual adjuncts to the architects who designed the buildings they photographed. J.W. Taylor of Chicago, for example, made an extensive survey of the ‘modern’ buildings of Chicago and its environs, many of which traveled throughout the globe as architects and engineers converged on the city in the later 1800s and beyond to see the miracle of the Chicago style of building. Taylor’s pictures went as far as Melbourne, Australia, in the collection of Australian architect E.G. Kilburn, who made his pilgrimage to the architects’ mecca in 1889. Kilburn stared, sketched, and took notes; then he brought back photographs by Taylor of everything from the Pullman company town to the Palmer House.”

Chicago has been an especially important architectural center since the period represented in this collection. After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed most of the buildings in the downtown area, a special class of architects and engi- neers flocked to the city, resulting in an architectural boom unequaled in the history of 19th-century urban development. Hallowed names such as Louis Sullivan, Dankmar Adler, John M. Van Osdel, Daniel Burnham, William W. Boyington, William LeBaron Jenney, John Wellborn Root, William Holabird, Martin Roche, Edward Baumann, Harris W. Huel, Solon Spencer Beman, and Clinton J. Warren stamped their unique architectural character on the Chicago landscape. Each of these architects is amply represented in the photographs contained herein. There is even one photograph of the magnificent lobby of the Rookery Building, considered the grandest lobby in Chicago at the time. This view is especially interesting to architectural historians because this interior was remodeled a short time later, in 1905 by Adler & Sullivan’s former head draftsman, Frank Lloyd Wright. The late 19th century was also a transitional time in building construction, when architects were beginning to leave behind cast iron frames and experiment with steel-frame construction and large areas of plate glass, especially in the “Commercial Style” made famous by Sullivan and others in the Chicago School. As a result, some of the earliest modern skyscrapers are found in Chicago.

A general summary of the photographs in the album is as follows: forty-two buildings including the Masonic Temple (the tallest skyscraper in the world at the time), the Woman’s Temple, the Rookery Building, the Chamber of Commerce, the Monadnock Building, the Northern Hotel, the Home Insurance Building, the Tacoma Building, the Caxton Building, the Pullman Building, the Oakland Hotel, the Grand Pacific Hotel, Palmer House, the Auditorium Building, Marshall Field’s, the Lester Building, the Hotel Metropole, Libby Prison, the New Regiment Armory, depots, and churches; seven downtown street scenes; seventeen residential streets including Lake Shore Drive and Michigan Avenue, and residences of prominent citizens including Potter Palmer and Lambert Tree; twenty parks, pavilions, and recreation scenes; three of Grant Monument and its unveiling; ten Lincoln Park scenes, some with animals; three of Garfield Park; ten featuring World’s Fair building construction; nine views of the October 1892 World’s Fair dedication, showing ceremonies and a large parade; two scenes of boating; twelve views of stockyards and meat processing; six exterior and interior views of an auditorium; eight interiors including Palmer House and a bank; and three scenes of horse racing at Washington Park.

Taylor’s photographs reside in the collections of the Art Institute of Chicago (fifty-six images) and the Chicago History Museum (150 images). The subject matter of those collections, and the present work do not overlap significantly, a testa- ment to the prodigious nature of Taylor’s output. For example, this collection has a significant number of images related to the World’s Columbian Exposition (a.k.a. the Chicago World’s Fair) of 1893; the Chicago History Museum collection contains no images from this monumental event in Chicago’s history.

A truly remarkable record of Chicago architecture by a significant photographer. $27,500.

A Complete Set of the First Printings of the Journals of Congress

24. [Continental Congress]: [COMPLETE SET OF THE JOURNALS OF CONGRESS CONTAINING FIRST PRINTINGS OF THE PROCEEDINGS FROM SEPTEMBER 1774 TO NOVEMBER 1788]. [Philadelphia: Ait- ken (vols. 1-2), Dunlap (vols. 3, 9-13) and Claypoole (vols. 4-8), 1777-1788]. Thirteen volumes. All but the first volume bound in contemporary paper-covered boards, the first bound in modern paper in an antique style. Bindings, paginations and individual condition reports given below. Housed in uniform brown cloth clamshell cases, gilt morocco spine labels. Bookplate of collector, Michael Zinman on all front pastedowns or front flyleaf, and inside front cover of clamshell cases.

A complete set of the first editions of the Journals of Congress, including all indices and appendices. These Journals contain the most vital documents from the Revolutionary period through the end of the Confederacy, and culminate with the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1788. They are an essential basis for any comprehensive collection of the Revolution and early National period. A complete set of the Journals of the Continental Congress is remarkably difficult to assemble. The present set is further extraordinary as it is comprised entirely of first printings of the uniform edition of the Journals of Congress, without any of the later New York printings, or the later printings by Folwell. Finally, the set is complete with all indices and appendices, which are often wanting.

On Sept. 26, 1776, Congress had authorized Robert Aitken to reprint the two congressional journals that had appeared, in effect, as occasional publications “and to continue to print the same.” With the loss of Aitken’s press in the fall of Philadelphia, this responsibility devolved to John Dunlap and David Claypoole. A tradition had already been established by the separate publication of the Journals of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775. The first volume of this series, begun after the Declaration of Independence, reprinted those journals, and was issued concurrently with the second volume, both appearing from the press of Robert Aitken in 1777. The second volume included a print- ing of the Declaration. The volumes issued thus cover the entire span of the Continental Congress, beginning in 1774, through the Revolutionary years, and on to the period from the Peace in 1783 to the adoption of the Constitution. The final session sat through November 1788, and the new federal government began in April 1789.

The set consists of the following:

1) Volume I, September 5, 1774 to January 1, 1776. Philadelphia: R. Aitken, 1777. [2],310pp. Modern tan paper stiff wrappers and paper backstrip in an antique style, matching the contemporary bindings of the rest of the volumes. EVANS 15683. 2) Volume II, for the Year 1776. Philadelphia: R. Aitken, 1777. [2],513,[23]pp. Original green paper-covered boards, paper backstrip. Minor foxing. Untrimmed. The rare issue with Aitken’s imprint, one of a few known complete copies. This copy belonged to Abraham Whipple, a Commodore in the Revolutionary Navy. In 1772, he sank the first British ship of the American Revolution, the schooner Gaspee. The first to unfurl the Star-Spangled Banner in London, Whipple was also the first to sail an ocean-going vessel 2,000 miles downriver from Ohio to the Caribbean, which opened trade for the Northwest Territory. EVANS 15684. 3) Volume III, January 1, 1777 to January 1, 1778. Philadelphia: John Dunlap, [1778]. 603,[1],xxii,[12]pp. Complete, with the general index to vol. 1 as issued with this volume, usually lacking. Original drab boards, paper backstrip (mostly perished). Titlepage detached. Untrimmed. EVANS 16138. 4) Volume IV, January 1, 1778 to January 1, 1779. Philadelphia: David C. Claypoole, [1779]. [2],748,[2],lxxxix,[1],[4]pp. Includes 4pp. Appendix in the rear. Original blue-green paper-covered boards, paper backstrip. Some scuffing to edges, minor soiling. EVANS 16584. 5) Volume V, January 1, 1779 to January 1, 1780. Philadelphia: David C. Claypoole, 1782. 464,[16],lxxiv,[2]pp. Original blue paper-covered boards, paper backstrip (partially perished). Untrimmed and partially unopened. EVANS 17766. 6) Volume VI, January 1, 1780 to January 1, 1781. Philadelphia: David C. Claypoole, [1781]. 403,[3],xxviii,[4]pp. Includes Appendix in the rear. Original drab boards, modern paper backstrip in matching style. Minor marginal worming in the gutter of the last several leaves, which also have some dampstaining. Untrimmed. The first issue bound from the monthly parts. EVANS 17392. 7) Volume VII, for the Year 1781. Philadelphia: David C. Claypoole, 1781. 522,[4],[2],lxxix,[1]pp. Original blue paper- covered boards, modern paper backstrip in matching style. Contemporary ownership signature of George Turner on front pastedown and Henry Turner on titlepage. Untrimmed and partially unopened. Caption title of general index with volume misnumbered VIII, as called for in the first issue. EVANS 17767. 8) Volume VIII, November 1782 to November 1783. Philadelphia: David C. Claypoole, 1783. 483,[1],xxxvi pp. Original blue paper-covered boards, modern paper backstrip in matching style. Minor staining to boards, some edge wear. Con- temporary ownership signature of George Turner on front pastedown and Henry Turner on titlepage. Minor foxing. Untrimmed and mostly unopened. EVANS 18266. 9) Volume IX, November 1783 to June 1784. Philadelphia: John Dunlap, [1784]. [bound with:] ...June 1784 to August 1784. Philadelphia: John Dunlap, 1784. 317,[1],xviii; 47,[1]pp. With the rare addendum with separate title. Original blue paper-covered boards, manuscript spine title. Minor staining, some chipping to spine. Mild very occasional foxing. Untrimmed. EVANS 18840, 18841. 10) Volume X, November 1784 to November 1785. Philadelphia: John Dunlap, 1785. 162,164-332,334-368,[1],xxvi pp., as issued. Original blue paper-covered boards, paper backstrip (spine paper perished), manuscript spine title. Some abrading to boards. Untrimmed and mostly unopened. EVANS 19316. 11) Volume XI (title incorrectly reads Volume XII, as issued), November 1785 to November 1786. [Philadelphia]: John Dunlap, [1786]. 267,[1],xvi pp. Original blue paper-covered boards and paper backstrip (spine paper perished). Minor staining to boards. Front hinge cracked after titlepage. Contemporary ownership signature of Samuel F. Meredith on first text leaf. Untrimmed. Meredith was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress. Washington then appointed him Treasurer of the United States in 1789, a position Meredith held until his retirement in 1801. EVANS 20068. 12) Volume XII, November 1786 to November 1787. [Philadelphia or New York]: Published by Order of the Congress, 1787. 255,[1],[10]pp. Original blue paper-covered boards, paper backstrip, manuscript spine title. Spine ends chipped, mild soiling to boards. Expert repair to top margin of titlepage, just touching the first word of the title. Minor occasional foxing, light marginal staining. Untrimmed. EVANS 20772. 13) Volume XIII, November 1787 to November 1788. [Philadelphia]: John Dunlap, [1788]. 170,xcviii,[2],xi,[1]pp. Original blue paper-covered boards, modern paper backstrip in matching style. Light soiling to boards. Minor marginal soiling to text. Untrimmed and mostly unopened. EVANS 21526.

The Journals are one of the most vital records of the Revolutionary and Confederation periods. A foundational document of the American Republic. DAB XI, p.327. MATYAS, DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 77-09A. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 48. $92,500.

A Ground-Breaking Cook Rarity, in an Important Sammelband of Pamphlets by the Author

25. [Cook, James]: Pringle, John: A DISCOURSE UPON SOME LATE IMPROVEMENTS OF THE MEANS FOR PRESERVING THE HEALTH OF MARINERS. DELIVERED AT THE ANNIVERSARY MEETING OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY.... London: Printed for the Royal Society, 1776. [4],44pp. Half title. Small quarto. 20th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards, gilt label. Leaf C4 (signed C3) a cancel, as usual. Occasional minor foxing, ink stain on p.2. Very good, bound with five other works by Pringle (see below).

One of the most significant of all the printed works relating to Cook’s voyages and their importance. This is the extremely rare first appearance in print of Cook’s epoch-making account of the successful measures taken against scurvy on his first two voyages. There were several later versions and translations, but the original edition of this milestone publication has long been acknowledged as a major rarity. The paper on scurvy was read to the Royal Society by its president, Sir John Pringle (in the absence of Cook himself, then just beginning his final voyage), as the year’s Copley medal award win- ner, and immediately published in this form. Pringle’s long presentation address, quoting directly from Cook and other sources, is followed by Cook’s paper and an extract from a letter by Cook to Pringle written from Plymouth Sound in July 1776. The paper subsequently appeared in the official account of the second voyage and in the PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS of the Royal Society. In 1783 a series of six of Pringle’s discourses at the annual presentations of the Copley medal was published in one volume.

“In Pringle’s discourse on preserving the health of mariners he includes the first printing of Captain Cook’s important paper entitled: ‘The Method taken for preserving the Health of the Crew of His Majesty’s Ship the Resolution during her late Voyage round the World.’ In this paper, which Cook communicated to Pringle, President of the Royal Society, Cook describes the supplies carried on the voyage and his maintenance of the cleanliness of his ship and crew. It was included by Pringle in his discourse commemorating Cook’s receipt of the Copley medal” – Norman sale. The winning of the battle against scurvy was one of the most important achievements in the general field of exploration. It made possible the major voyages that followed. As Robert Hughes so aptly put it in THE FATAL SHORE, “malt juice and pickled cabbage put Europeans in Australia as microchip circuitry would put Americans on the moon.”

This copy is very appropriately accompanied by five other Royal Society discourses of the period. A DISCOURSE... is here bound chronologically with five other Pringle first editions:

1) A DISCOURSE ON THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF AIR. 1774. 2) A DISCOURSE ON THE TORPEDO. 1775. 3) A DISCOURSE ON THE ATTRACTION OF MOUNTAINS. 1775. 4) A DISCOURSE ON THE INVENTION AND IMPROVEMENTS OF THE REFLECTING TELESCOPE. 1778. 5) A DISCOURSE ON THE THEORY OF GUNNERY. 1778.

The Streeter-Norman copy of the DISCOURSE...FOR PRESERVING THE HEALTH OF MARINERS was also bound with these five additional works by Pringle. STREETER SALE 2410. NORMAN SALE 378. GARRISON-MORTON 2156, 3714. BEDDIE 1290. HOLMES 20. KROEPELIEN 1065. $35,000.

A Crucial Edition, with Many Important Materials Published for the First Time

26. Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, Hernan: DE INSULIS NUPER INVENTIS FERDINANDI CORTESII AD CARO- LUM V...NARRATIONES, CUM ALIO QUODAM PETRI MARTYRIS AD CLEMENTEM VII...LIBELLO. HIS ACCESSERUNT EPISTOLAE DUAE DE FELICISSIMO APUD INDOS EVANGELII INCREMENTO...ITEM EPITOME DE INVENTIS NUPER INDIAE POPULIS IDOLOLATRIS AD FIDEM CHRISTI...CONVERTEN- DIS, AUTORE R.P.F. NICOLAO HERBORN.... Cologne: Ex officina Melchioris Novesiani, impensis Arnoldi Birck- man, 1532. [82] leaves. Woodcut title portrait of Charles V within a woodcut border of escutcheons of Spanish provinces and towns, the portrait repeated within decorative border-pieces on A1 and F1; large ornamental woodcut initials and border-pieces in text; woodcut printer’s device at end. Small folio, signed in 4s and 6s. Later three-quarter vellum and paper boards, manuscript spine title, edges painted red. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage verso, modern bookplate on front free endpaper. Contemporary manuscript censorship marks. Light tanning and faint foxing. Very good.

Second Latin edition of the second and third letters of Cortés to Emperor Charles V, and the first to contain missionary reports from Yucatan and Mexico. Cortés gave his personal account of the conquest of Mexico in a series of five letters, or CARTAS DE RELACIÓN, which he addressed to Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor. The famed first letter was lost, making the second letter the earliest account by Cortés himself, describing the events in Mexico after his departure from Vera Cruz. The third letter continues the narrative, describing Mexican events from October 1520 to May 1522.

The present work includes the second editions in Latin of the second and third letters (translated by Petrus Savorgbabus), as well as Peter Martyr’s DE INSULIA (a condensed version of the lost first Cortés letter); a letter from Mexico by Martin de Valencia dated June 12, 1531, which is the first printed report from the Yucatan; a letter from Bishop Zumarraga giv- ing an account of the Franciscan schools in Mexico, their teachers, and the Indian converts; and a letter from Nicholaus Herborn dated 1532. These last three sections appear here in this edition for the first time.

A rare edition, with only six other copies appearing in the auction records over the last thirty-five years. In the present copy, the name of Peter Martyr, whose works were placed on the Index of Prohibited Books by the Roman Inquisition in the mid-16th century, is censored throughout. CHURCH 63. HARRISSE 168. JONES 21. SABIN 16949. VALLE 15. MEDINA, BHA 86. PALAU 63192. JCB I:103- 104. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 532/9. $35,000.

The Introduction of Human Vaccination in America

27. Coxe, John Redman: PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON VACCINATION: OR INOCULATION FOR THE COW-POCK...EMBELLISHED WITH A COLOURED ENGRAVING, REPRESENTING A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE VARIOUS STAGES OF THE VACCINE AND SMALL-POX. Philadelphia: James Humphreys, 1802. 152,[2]pp. including two folding tables and 2pp. advertisement in the rear, plus a handcolored engraved frontispiece printed in red ink. Contemporary pink paper-covered boards, plain brown paper backstrip. Moderate wear, rubbing, and scuffing to boards, spine ends chipped, binding a bit tender. Mild foxing, short horizontal closed marginal tear to last leaf. Overall very good, untrimmed and unsophisticated.

A foundational work of American medicine. Raised by his grandfather, Dr. John Redman, Coxe received his education in England, including courses in anatomy and chemistry at London Hospital. Upon returning to Philadelphia in 1790, Coxe studied under Dr. Benjamin Rush and received a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1794. He began a medical practice in Philadelphia by 1796, becoming the resident physician at Bush Hill Hospital in 1797, Philadelphia port physician in 1798, and physician at Pennsylvania Hospital and the Philadelphia Dispensary from 1802 to 1807. Elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1799, he would later serve as its secretary. Between 1804 and 1811, Coxe edited the Philadelphia Medical Museum. He taught at the University of Pennsylvania, holding the chairs of chemistry (1809-18), and MATERIA MEDICA and pharmacy (1818-35).

Coxe’s studies under Rush during Philadelphia’s 1793 Yellow Fever epidemic allowed him to see firsthand the devastation caused by infectious disease in an urban setting. Upon reading of Edward Jenner’s findings, Coxe attempted to obtain samples of the infection for use in vaccination. Among those he acquired was one from Thomas Jefferson, who had re- ceived the vaccine matter from Dr. Waterhouse (who had received it from Jenner) and which he used to vaccinate himself and his family. Jefferson’s important letter to Coxe accompanying the vaccine is printed on pages 120-122 of this work. Thanking Jefferson in April 1802, Coxe reveals the beginnings of the present work, writing:

“I feel that it necessary to apologise for thus encroaching on your valuable time; at the same time you will permit me to return you my most sincere thanks for your very polite attention in transmitting to me, through Mr. Jno. Vaughan, a portion of Vaccine Infection, which has enabled me to introduce this invaluable blessing in this City, & also to extend it very considerably through this & most of the Southern States. Having attended particularly, since I recd. the Infection in Novr. 1801. to the progress of the disease, & from various sources derived many facts which I feel anxious to communicate to the public, in hopes of its aiding the speedy extension of so grand a discovery; I presume to request your permission to allow me to introduce in my treatise, the valuable letter which accompanied this valuable present.”

Coxe immediately began experimenting with Jefferson’s vaccine and working on his PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS. The two folding tables within the work list the patients he vaccinated, with details on their condition and response, and include the source of vaccination, including Jefferson. The Philadelphia community must have placed great trust in Coxe, as he inoculated the children of both Benjamin Rush and Titian Peale after first administering the vaccine to his own son (following Waterhouse’s example of inoculating his own child first). His treatise summarizes Jenner’s finding, records his own observations and details the entire process. Coxe would send Jefferson the first copy of his work, fittingly dedicated to Jenner, in July 1802, writing:

“My time has been much occupied in the Dispensary since I put it to Press; I should perhaps have acted more prudently to have delayed it longer; but as I hoped it might prove beneficial to the extension of the disease, I considered it a duty to render the result of my experience public as early as possible. Through the kindness of several respectable practitioners, I have been enabled to add some valuable Communications; and I have most sincerely to thank you, for your kind permis- sion to introduce your important observations; They must certainly tend to promote the speedy progress of Vaccination, wherever they are read. For this as well as for the Infection transmitted by You, I must ever be your Debtor.”

The frontispiece plate, showing a comparative view of the various stages of the vaccine and smallpox, is a purely American production, printed in red ink and hand colored. As with most extant examples, some of the coloring on the frontispiece has oxidized just a bit and the color printing has slightly faded.

The above letter to Jefferson continues, describing the frontispiece:

“As to the Engraving which accompanies the Work, You will find a vast difference between it & the original of Dr. Jen- ners; Yet I hope its presence will be serviceable; Nor do I think it a bad specimen of American improvement, considering the novelty of the Subject. The Painting I find the most difficult to execute properly; Some are superior to others, as the Person improved as she advanced.”

An important American medical text, with an early American color plate, and an exceedingly rare work in commerce. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 2095. AUSTIN 557. GARRISON-MORTON 5425. SOWERBY 953. $4500.

Eight Consecutive Years of Crockett Almanacs: The Growth of the Legend

28. [Crockett, Davy]: [“GO AHEAD!” DAVY CROCKETT’S ALMANACS, 1838 – 1845]. Nashville, Boston, and New York. 1837-1844. Eight issues. Individual details and paginations provided below. All with original illustrated wrap- pers. Condition details provided below. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth clamshell box, spine gilt.

An impressive collection of eight of the celebrated series of ALMANACS that helped make Davy Crockett an American folk hero. The ALMANACS ran from 1835 to 1856 and although none were written by the actual David Crockett, he certainly participated in the creation of the mythical Davy, and subsequently in the creation of a large part of the myth and folklore of the frontier and the American West.

Crockett’s A NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF DAVID CROCKETT OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE (co-authored or possibly ghostwritten by Thomas Chilton) appeared in 1834, and was seen as a “campaign biography”: more or less historically accurate, but amply enhanced with promotional rhetoric and early examples of what is now recognized as the classic humor of the West and Southwest. But “it was the Crockett ALMANACS which made Crockett a legendary figure and a part of American folk-lore....Constance Rourke, Crockett’s biographer, observes that the legendary Crockett stories ‘constitute one of the earliest and perhaps the largest of our cycles of myth, and they are part of a lineage that endures to this day, in Kentucky, Tennessee and the Ozark Mountains’” – GROLIER AMERICAN HUNDRED. The issues included are as follows:

1) [Davy Crockett]: “GO AHEAD!” DAVY CROCKETT’S ALMANACK, 1838, OF WILD SPORTS IN THE WEST, LIFE IN THE BACKWOODS, SKETCHES OF TEXAS, AND ROWS ON THE MISSISSIPPI. Nashville: Pub- lished by the Heirs of Col. Crockett, [1837]. 47,[1]pp. Stitched as issued. One inch gouge to margin of pp.1-2 (some loss to image), lower fifth of pp.37-40 trimmed away, rear leaf detaching. General wear, chipping, and light tanning throughout. Still good. Vol. 1, No. 4. The fourth of the Davy Crockett ALMANACS, with the usual great illustrations, including “A Fight between two Women, a Man and two Bears,” “A Narrow Escape from a Snake,” “A Kentuckian kivered up in a Salt Crib,” “A Boy Killed by a Wild Cat,” and many others, with outrageous stories to match. “’Mike Fink, the Ohio Boatman’ is perhaps the first reference to the legendary Mike of the Crockett almanacs” – Streeter. AMERICAN IMPRINTS INVENTORY (TENNESSEE) 624. DRAKE 13413. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 43979. AL- LEN, TENNESSEE 1370.

2) [Davy Crockett]: “GO AHEAD!!” THE CROCKETT ALMANAC 1839. CONTAINING ADVENTURES, EXPLOITS, SPREES & SCRAPES IN THE WEST, & LIFE AND MANNERS IN THE BACKWOODS. Nashville: Published by Ben Harding, [1838]. 35,[1]pp. Untrimmed. Stitched as issued. Two small closed tears to pp.1-2 (no loss to text), otherwise very good. Vol. 2, No. 1. The fifth of the Crockett ALMANACS issued in Nashville. This issue contains tall tales and wonderful woodcut illustrations, including “Judy Finx Whipping a Catamount,” “Col. Crockett and the Methodizer,” and other classics. A superb example of American illustration and southwestern humor. DRAKE 13414. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 49951. STREETER SALE 4187. AMERICAN IMPRINTS INVENTORY (TENNESSEE) 379. EBERSTADT 113:012. ALLEN, TENNESSEE 1462.

3) [Davy Crockett]: “GO AHEAD!!” THE CROCKETT ALMANAC 1840. CONTAINING ADVENTURES, EXPLOITS, SPREES & SCRAPES IN THE WEST, & LIFE AND MANNERS IN THE BACKWOODS. Nashville: Published by Ben Harding, [1839]. 33,[1] (of 36)pp. Untrimmed. Stitched as issued. Lower margin of pp.1-2 trimmed, with spotting and a one-inch close tear to margin (no loss of text). Lacking final leaf. Moderate wear, chipping, and light foxing throughout. Still good. Vol. 2, No. 2. The sixth Nashville Crockett ALMANAC, with more stories of mayhem and heroism in the West, graphically illustrated. The illustration on the front wrapper shows the great scout being startled by an owl; other illustrations include “Col. Crockett Beat at a Shooting Match,” “Account of a Goose Pulling,” “Indian Notions,” “Ben Harding’s Account of a Shipwreck,” “The Heroine of Kaintuck,” and “Col. Crockett and the Bear and the Swallows.” DRAKE 13416. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 55899. ALLEN IMPRINTS 1545. STREETER SALE 4189. AMERICAN IMPRINTS INVENTORY (TENNESSEE) 692.

4) [Davy Crockett]: “GO A-HEAD.” THE CROCKETT ALMANAC 1841. CONTAINING SPREES AND SCRAPES IN THE WEST; LIFE AND MANNERS IN THE BACKWOODS; AND EXPLOITS AND ADVENTURES ON THE PRARIES [sic]. Boston: Published by J. Fisher, [1840]. [36]pp. Untrimmed. Stitched as issued. Ink inscription (“Oscar Lewis, his Almanac”) on p.[1]. Some wear, light chipping, tanning, and foxing throughout. Good plus. Boston issue of the 1841 ALMANAC, featuring a new set of Crockett adventures, “Incivility of a Bear,” “The Flower of Gum Swamp,” “My Neighbour Grizzle,” and “Adventure with a Rattlesnake.” In the 1840s, printing was taken over by Turner & Fisher (New York, Philadelphia, and Boston) and circulation numbers increased substantially. At the same time, the humor becomes a bit rougher, with more overtly racial references and frequent use of scatological themes. DRAKE 4212. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 40-1729.

5) [Davy Crockett]: CROCKETT ALMANAC IMPROVED 1842. IMPROVED EDITION. CONTAINING REAL STORIES. Boston: Printed and Published by S.N. Dickinson, [1841]. 35,[1]pp. Untrimmed. Stitched as issued. Some wear, light chipping, tanning, and foxing throughout. Older repair to closed tear on final leaf. Good plus. Boston issue of the 1842 ALMANAC, in this case something of a thematic issue turned over to numerous accounts of Indian barbarity accompanied by some terrific woodcuts. That of “Preparations to Burn Miss Fleming” must have raised a few eyebrows in those days, as would “Massacre of a White Girl by the Indians.” An occasional hunting tale is tossed in for slightly higher moral edification. Despite the sensationalism, in his preface publisher Dickinson prom- ises to convey “interesting and valuable information, respecting the Western country.” DRAKE 4236. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 41-1370.

6) [Davy Crockett]: “I LEAVE THIS RULE FOR OTHERS WHEN I’M DEAD, BE ALWAYS SURE YOU’RE RIGHT, THEN GO A-HEAD.” FISHER’S CROCKETT ALMANAC. 1843. WITH ROWS, SPREES AND SCRAPES IN THE WEST: LIFE AND MANNERS IN THE BACKWOODS: TERRIBLE BATTLES AND ADVENTURES ON SEA AND LAND. New York: Published by Turner & Fisher, [1842]. [36]pp. Dbd. Clean and bright. Very good. A crisp copy of one of two New York issues of the 1843 FISHER’S CROCKETT ALMANAC. The usual fantastic woodcuts of Crockett exploits abound, including “Crockett Waylaid by an Indian,” “Crockett and the Wolves,” “The Battle of Bunker Hill,” Crockett and the Devil,” and “The Indian, Crockett and the Boa Constrictor.” DRAKE 7974. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 42-1346.

7) [Davy Crockett]: “I LEAVE THIS RULE FOR OTHERS WHEN I’M DEAD, BE ALWAYS SURE YOU’RE RIGHT, THEN GO A-HEAD.” DAVY CROCKETT’S ALMANAC. 1844. LIFE AND MANNERS IN THE BACKWOODS: TERRIBLE BATTLES AND ADVENTURES OF BORDER LIFE: WITH ROWS, SPREES, AND SCRAPES IN THE WEST. New York: Turner & Fisher, [1843]. [36]pp. Dbd. Clean and bright. Very good. A well-preserved copy of the New York issue of DAVY CROCKETT’S ALMANAC for 1844. Some of the illustrations include “The Indian and Crockett’s Grandmother,” “Crockett and the Coward,” “Ben Hardin and Old Coppersides,” “Davy Crockett’s Fight with the Buffalo and Panther,” “Crockett Stopping a Duel Among his Brother Congressmen,” “Crockett’s Wonderful Leap and Miraculous Escape from the Indians,” and “Colonel Crockett Delivering his Celebrated Speech to Congress.” AMERICAN IMPRINTS 44-1864. DRAKE 8042.

8) [Davy Crockett]: DAVY CROCKETT’S ALMANAC. 1845. I LEAVE THIS RULE FOR OTHERS, WHEN I’M DEAD, “BE ALWAYS SURE YOUR [sic] RIGHT, THEN GO A-HEAD.” Boston: Published by James Fisher, [1844]. [36]pp. Stitched as issued. Two-inch tear to lower margin of pp.[1-2] (some loss to imprint text). Some wear, light chipping, tanning, and foxing throughout. Good. Untrimmed. In addition to the classic tales and illustrations, this issue includes “Crockett’s Opinion of Oregon, and the Annexation of Texas to the U.S.” Anticipating Texas’s entry into the union in 1845, the author writes: “I go in for Texas....Every Texian is a Yankee o’ the second breed, an he’d fight for Uncle Sam jist as soon as he’d suck a wild goose egg without spoilin the shell....” Although Oregon was not admitted until 1859, discussions were already underway in 1844. Simply put, the author is in favor: “Feller citizens, I now conclude with 27 cheers for Oregun, the 27th gun of Uncle Sam.” Also included are the stories “Ben Hardin, Crockett, and Crockett’s Bear, at a Skating Frolic” and a descriptive essay about “A Sucker” with additional examples of a “Puke,” a “Wolverine,” and a “Hoosier.” DRAKE 4302. AMERICAN IMPRINTS 44-1865.

A wonderful collection of Davy Crockett almanacs – from such tall tales (and from his actual exploits and adventures) an American legend was born. HOWES C897, “aa.” STREETER TEXAS 1270. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 39. David Crockett, A NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF DAVID CROCKETT OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE (Philadelphia: E.L. Carey & A. Hart, 1834). $15,000.

With a Landmark Map of the Valley of Mexico

29. Cuevas Aguirre y Espinosa, Joseph Francisco de: EXTRACTO DE LOS AUTOS DE DILIGENCIAS, Y RECONOCIMIENTOS DE LOS RIOS, LAGUNAS, VERTIENTES, Y DESAGUES DE LA CAPITAL MEXICO, Y SU VALLE. Mexico: Viuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, 1748. [2],71pp. including printed sidenotes, plus folding map, 15½ x 17½ inches. Titlepage printed in red and black. Folio. Contemporary limp vellum with remnants of ties. Some wear to covers. Occasional manuscript annotations in a contemporary hand. Minor foxing and toning, eight-inch closed tear in map neatly repaired on verso; one-inch closed tear at top of pp.3-4 (no text affected). Very good. In a folding cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

A groundbreaking study on the Mexican capital region’s serious problems with drainage and flooding, featuring a remark- able map of the Valley of Mexico.

Drainage in the Valley of Mexico had been a concern well before the Spanish arrived, and the indigenous people had developed a series of dikes and causeways to mitigate flooding around Lake Texcoco. When Cortes failed to restore the dikes destroyed by military maneuvers during the Conquest, flooding was even worse, and local Spanish officials experi- mented with several flood control projects as early as 1553, including draining Texcoco, but problems remained. Over the next two centuries, ongoing public works projects attempted to address drainage issues with limited success. This work contains a compilation of the investigations, surveys, and projects undertaken by various authorities relating to the “Desague” (the ongoing drainage project) up until the time of publication, and sets forth recommendations to deal with the problem once and for all.

Cuevas was a lawyer for the Real Audiencia and Regidor for the city, and had been ordered by the Viceroy to accompany the engineers and superintendent on their survey and to provide a report of the findings. Accompanying the text is the first appearance in print of the remarkable map engraved by Antonio Moreno after a late 17th-century map created by Carlos de Siguenza y Gongora (1645-1700). Siguenza was a historian, priest, mathematician, astronomer, poet, philosopher, professor, and royal geographer for New Spain; in short, “perhaps the most remarkable man born in Mexico during the viceregal period” (Wagner, SPANISH SOUTHWEST 63). The map, a landmark in Mexican cartography, depicts “Laguna de Tescuco” (Texcoco), the great lake that once surrounded the City, as well as numerous place names, and the major lakes and rivers of the region. The printer of this volume was the widow of master printer Jose Bernardo de Hogal (d.1741). Hogal himself arrived in Mexico in 1720, and in 1727 the Ayuntamiento conferred upon him the title of Impresor Mayor. His widow clearly continued his tradition of precision and elegance in printing.

“This book is of the utmost typographical and historical importance” – Stevens. MEDINA, MEXICO 3887. PALAU 66220. STEVENS, HISTORICAL NUGGETS I, 792. LEON I, 470. SABIN 17848. LeCLERC 1112. JCB III(1):870. $12,500.

The Most Important Buccaneering Narratives

30. Dampier, William: A COLLECTION OF VOYAGES. IN FOUR VOLUMES. CONTAINING I. CAPTAIN WILLIAM DAMPIER’S VOYAGES...II. THE VOYAGES OF LIONEL WAFER...AND DAVIS’S EXPEDITION... III. A VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD...BY W. FUNNELL...IV. CAPT. COWLEY’S VOYAGE ROUND THE GLOBE. V. CAPT. SHARP’S JOURNEY...VI. CAPT. WOOD’S VOYAGE...VII. MR. ROBERTS’S ADVENTURES. London: James and John Knapton, 1729. Four volumes. Thirty-six engraved maps by or after Herman Moll (nineteen fold- ing), twenty-seven engraved plates (four folding). Antique-style paneled calf, spine gilt with raised bands, leather labels. Internally clean. Very good.

A solid set of the most complete version of these important voyages. Dampier is generally described as the first English- man to set foot on the Australian continent. This is first collected edition, and the best textually, of Dampier’s voyages. The additional titlepage in the first volume designates this the “7th edition, corrected” of the writings of this celebrated British navigator and buccaneer. Hill states that the narratives in the second volume are in the fourth edition, those in the third volume are in the third edition, and those in the fourth volume are not designated, although he notes: “Parts II-V of v. 4 are a reprint, with separate title page and paging, of Hacke’s A COLLECTION OF ORIGINAL VOYAGES, London, 1699.”

Dampier’s first voyage to the Pacific was in 1680, raiding on the Spanish coast of South America, then crossing the Pacific to the East Indies. Throughout the next two decades he travelled extensively in the Pacific, at various times visiting Tierra del Fuego, the west coasts of South and Central America, Guam, the Philippines, the East Indies, China, the Campeche coast, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean.

In 1688, Dampier touched on New Holland, or Australia, for the first time, making a survey of the coast near King Sound. In 1698, after the first volume of his voyages had been published and received great acclaim, the Admiralty gave him a commission as a captain in the Royal Navy and command of the Roebuck. With it he undertook another expedition to Australia, the second British expedition to go there and the first to have that destination as its objective. He explored the south coast of New Guinea, discovered New Britain and Dampier Strait, and explored along the western coast of Australia. Although hampered by illness among his crew, he ultimately completed the circumnavigation in 1701.

Dampier was the best known, and probably the most intelligent, of the famous group of buccaneers who tormented the Spanish in the South Sea from 1680 to 1720. “This collection of Dampier’s works is considered by many to be the best edition. However, Dampier obviously did not write the whole work...[as it also] includes the narratives of Lionel Wafer and William Funnell as well as the whole book of William Hacke” – Hill. His books were a great success and were fre- quently reprinted, as well as emulated by some of his less literate companions, often to his disgust. HILL 422. SABIN 18373-18377. NMM 1:92, 93, 95, 96. BORBA DE MORAES, pp.242-43. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 729/69. DNB V, pp.452-57. $15,000.

Important Early Study of a Native Language of Peru

31. Del Canto, Francisco: [Peru]: ARTE, Y VOCABULARIO EN LA LENGUA GENERAL DEL PERU, LLAMADA QUICHUA, Y EN LA LENGUA ESPAÑOLA. Los Reyes [i.e. Lima]: Por Francisco del Canto. 1614. [4],35,28-31 [i.e. 36-39],[1],[176] leaves. Last five leaves in expert facsimile. Contemporary limp vellum. Light to moderate soiling of bind- ing, corner of rear cover chipped. Titlepage mutilated around edges, affecting first portion of title; mounted on newer leaf. Second leaf clumsily repaired around edges, not affecting text. Trimmed closely at top, affecting text in some places. Light soiling. Good.

An important Indian language work, from the first (and at the time only) press in South America, printed only twenty-eight years after the beginning of printing there, and twenty-six years before the Bay Psalm Book was published. Del Canto, the owner and operator of the only press in South America at the time, was the second printer in Peru. He acquired his press directly from Antonio Ricardo, the first printer in South America. This work begins with a grammar of the Quechua language, followed by Quechua-Spanish and Spanish-Quechua dictionaries. The book is in a handy smaller format for use in the field. Medina says this book is “extraordinariamente raro,” and it is lacking from many of the great collections.

This work is generally credited to Del Canto, the author of the introduction, but parts of it may be by Gonzalez Holguin, whose other publications on Peruvian Indian language were published in Lima in 1607 and 1608. Sabin attributes author- ship, however, to Ludovico Bertonio. Only eight copies on OCLC. MEDINA, LIMA 58. VARGAS UGARTE 79. PALAU 17729. SABIN 5020. JCB (3)II:101. OCLC 6783843, 251190642. $22,000.

Signed by the Author of God’s Protecting Providence

32. Dickinson, Jonathan: [MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENT, SIGNED, BEING A DEED FOR THE SALE OF PROP- ERTY IN COLONIAL PHILADELPHIA INVOLVING NOTED MERCHANT AND POLITICIAN, EDWARD SHIPPEN, AND ACKNOWLEDGED BY JONATHAN DICKINSON AS COUNTY COURT CLERK]. Philadel- phia. July 8, 1698. [4]pp., on a single folio sheet, docketed on the fourth page. Original red wax seal. Original folds, some expertly and unobtrusively strengthened on verso. Light toning, mild edge wear. Very good plus.

An extraordinarily rare example of Jonathan Dickinson’s signature, applied to a Philadelphia real estate document near the close of the 17th century. The document itself records the sale of a “lott of land” by Daniel Van Beeke to Edward Shippen for fifty pounds sterling. The lot measured 198 by 20 feet, and its location is described by noting the names of the owners of adjoining lots, though “Delaware Front Street” is recorded as the southern border of the lot. At the time of this transaction, Philadelphia had only about 2500 residents.

Edward Shippen (1639-1712) was among the most prominent of Philadelphians, serving as the second mayor of the town (though the first under William Penn’s charter). The year after this purchase he served as the Chief Justice of the Penn- sylvania Supreme Court, and he later served as President of the Provincial Council. He has signed this document on the second page, which also notes that Van Beeke received a further payment from Shippen in 1701. The transaction is witnessed by three men, Abraham Hardman, David Lloyd, and John Cadwallader, next to William Penn’s proprietary wax seal. The document is further “acknowledged in the County Court held at Philadelphia” by Jonathan Dickinson, who was serving as clerk of the Philadelphia County Court and the clerk of the Pennsylvania Assembly in the year the present document was written.

An English Quaker merchant and early American political figure, Jonathan Dickinson (1663-1722) is most famous for what happened to him and his family shortly before arriving in Philadelphia in 1697. Born in Jamaica in 1663 to a British Naval officer who owned sugar plantations, Dickinson married in 1685. In 1696, Dickinson, his wife, their six children, and eleven slaves boarded a ship bound for Philadelphia after a destructive earthquake hit Jamaica. Their ship, the REFORMATION wrecked off the coast of Florida just north of Jupiter inlet, and they were held captive by local native peoples, along with other passengers and crew from the ship. Dickinson, his family, and other captives were eventually allowed to travel by boat 200 miles up the coast of Florida to Saint Augustine, experiencing many harrowing encounters with Indians en route. Five people of the traveling party died before reaching Saint Augustine. Spanish authorities there arranged for Dickin- son and his party to travel by canoe to Charleston, South Carolina, where they ultimately found passage to Philadelphia.

The journal kept by Dickinson during his treacherous trip through Florida was published in Philadelphia in 1699, the year after the present document was issued. GOD’S PROTECTING PROVIDENCE... is one of the most famous of American Indian captivities, and was often reprinted in the 18th century. Dickinson would later serve in the Pennsylvania Colonial Assembly, acting as Speaker in 1718, as well as serving stints as a member of the Provincial Council, Philadelphia city alderman, justice of the Supreme Court from 1711-12, and twice as mayor of Philadelphia.

Despite his broad range of official service, few examples of Dickinson’s signature have survived, especially from as early as the present example, and emanating from America. Most of the small population of Dickinson signatures are found on documents or letters he sent from Jamaica or other locations after his arrival in America, and when he was still travel- ing back-and-forth through the West Indies on business. We know of one other example of Dickinson’s signature on a Philadelphia document from March 1699. The present document holds a particularly strong example of a truly rare and important early American signature. $5500.

With a Watercolor of Washington, D.C., Showing the Washington Monument After Phase One of Its Construction

33. Drayson, Henry Edwin: [ALBUM OF ORIGINAL WATERCOLOR AND PEN AND INK DRAWINGS OF SCENES IN NEWFOUNDLAND, NEW YORK STATE, NIAGARA FALLS AND THE GREAT LAKES, AND ELSEWHERE]. [N.p.]. September – November 1857. Thirty-seven leaves, some with images on recto and verso, includ- ing thirty-eight original drawings of North American interest (eighteen pen and ink, five pencil, and fifteen watercolor or wash drawings), each with identifying caption, many of these dated. Oblong quarto, 9¼ x 12 inches. Expertly bound to style in dark green half morocco over contemporary black pebble-grained cloth-covered boards, gilt, yellow glazed endpapers. Fine. Penciled signature of the artist’s daughter, Bertha Maud Thomas on the front flyleaf. In a modern morocco-backed cloth box, title in gilt on spine.

A valuable pictorial record of an extensive tour of North America, including views of Niagara, the Great Lakes, and the partially-built Washington Monument on the banks of the Potomac.

The sketches are all by Henry Edwin Drayson, C.E. who lived first at “High Cross, near Henfiled and Poynings” in Sus- sex, England, before moving to Eyeworth Lodge in the New Forest in Hampshire, England. Evidenced by his profes- sional credentials, Drayson was a civil engineer and surveyor in Kent and the brother of Alfred Wilks Drayson, to whom Arthur Conan Doyle dedicated his book, THE CAPTAIN OF THE POLE STAR. The present sketches demonstrate the practiced hand of a professional draftsman, while his watercolors offer charming impressions of the beauty and grandeur of the mountains and waterways of North America.

The album includes a few earlier sketches of Sussex and Wales, but the majority of the images were drawn by Drayson during a trip to the United States. Judging from the dated drawings in the album, this journey took place in 1857 from September (a drawing of Cape Race, Newfoundland is dated the Sept. 20, 1857) until about the end of November in the same year.

Drayson’s itinerary included Niagara Falls (six images, including a striking double-page view of the falls), the Great Lakes (eight images, including a vibrantly-colored view of Green Bay at sunset and an attractive image of a bay on Lake Superior) a trip down the River Hudson (three images,) together with visits to Pennsylvania and New Hampshire. One particularly striking colored image (likely from Wisconsin) shows a “puma” attacking a stag in the “Winnebagoes Country.” Histori- cally, the most interesting image is probably Grayson’s view of the Washington Monument dated just before the finish of phase one of its construction in 1858, when it stood only 152 feet tall: a fine “naïve” vignette watercolor, showing the trees in full fall color, it is titled “Washington Bay from the Presidents Garden United States shewing the Washington Monument which is to be 600ft high. 1857.” $14,000. A Landmark Study of Mexican Antiquities, Beautifully Illustrated

34. [Dupaix, Guillermo, and Jose Luciano Castaneda]: Baradere, Jean-Henri, editors: ANTIQUITÉS MEXICAINES. RELATION DES TROIS EXPÉDITIONS DU CAPITAINE DUPAIX, ORDONNÉES EN 1805, 1806, ET 1807, POUR LA RECHERCHE DES ANTIQUITÉS DU PAYS, NOTAMMENT CELLES DE MITLA ET DE PALENQUE; ACCOMPAGNÉE DES DESSINS DE CASTAÑEDA, MEMBRE DES TROIS EXPÉDITIONS ET DESSINATEUR DU MUSÉE DE MEXICO, ET D’UNE CARTE DU PAYS EXPLORÉ.... Paris: Au Bureau des Antiquités Mexicaine, Imprimerie de Jules Didot L’aine, 1834. Two text volumes plus atlas volume. Text: [4],xiv,[2],20,56,40,88; 82,224,[4]pp., printed in double columns in first volume. Atlas: [23]pp. (interspersed throughout as section titles), plus 167 plates (one double-page) on 162 leaves, with many plates containing more than one image (some 265 numbered images in all). Lacks the called-for map, as is seemingly always the case. Half title in both text volumes. Tall folios, 21½ x 14½ inches. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards in antique style, raised bands, gilt morocco labels. Occasional very light foxing in the text, a few text leaves moderately tanned, faint old tideline in outer margin of several leaves in second volume. Some foxing toward rear of atlas volume. On the whole very clean and fresh internally. Very good. All volumes untrimmed.

A celebrated, beautiful, and highly important study of the antiquities of Mexico, featuring outstanding images of archaeo- logical sites and artifacts, among the earliest ever published.

The illustrations, drawn by expedition member Jose Luciano Castaneda, are among the most attractive and influential images of Mesoamerican antiquities ever executed. Many of the plates were later used by Kingsborough in his landmark study, which is certainly a testament to the quality of Castaneda’s work, and to the lithographic talents of the Engelmann firm, which printed the illustrations. The plates show the ruins, monuments, and antiquities of Mexico and Mesoamerica, as well as images of artifacts and plans of buildings. They are the first significant published views of Mayan architecture, and Edison calls this work “a cornerstone for the French scientific construction of ancient Mexico during the coming decades.”

Guillermo Dupaix (1748 or 1750-1817), an officer in the Austrian dragoons, first visited Mexico in 1791, and retired from service in 1800. A few years afterwards he was charged by the Spanish King Charles IV to explore and document all the monuments of Mexico and New Spain still existing from the years before the Spanish conquest. The Dupaix expedition lasted from 1805 to 1807, and it was only the second such expedition, following that of Antonio del Rio in 1787. “Between 1805 and 1807, Dupaix and Castaneda trekked across the Valley of Mexico, Oaxaca, and a portion of the Mayan lowlands to locate and record the ruins of the pre-Columbian cities of Mexico. Dense forests, steep mountains, oppressive heat, swarms of insects, lingering sickness, and bands of robbers were among the many obstacles these explorers had to overcome in order to visit Xochicalco, Cholula, Mitla, Oaxaca and other ancient sites” – Koch. Dupaix’s reports and Castaneda’s il- lustrations lay unpublished for more than two decades in Mexican archives – partly due to the growing support in Mexico for independence from Spain – until they were delivered to Abbe Jean-Henri Baradere, who arranged for their publication.

Dupaix’s explorations and assessments of the culture and accomplishments of ancient Mexico are still praised by modern scholars. The text also includes an essay by American Consul to France and noted antiquarian, David Bailie Warden, on the ancient populations of the Americas, a preliminary discourse by Charles Farcy, a comparison of ancient American monuments to those of Egypt by Alexandre Lenoir, and notes by Baradere. In fact, the text of the second volume expands the study beyond Mexico, with much on the aboriginal history of North and South America and European colonies therein. “Almost an indispensable supplement to Humboldt’s VOYAGE DANS L’AMÉRIQUE, as it contains many interesting discoveries not in the latter work” – Sabin.

The plates are drawn after the original work of Castaneda, and were lithographed by the Engelmann firm, which is noted for the high quality of its work. In this set the plates are printed on India proof paper, measuring approximately 15 x 9¾ inches, and are affixed to leaves that are uniform in height with the text volumes. This work was published with the plates in three versions: colored, uncolored, and on India proof paper (as here). The India proof paper format is preferred, due to the high quality of printing of the lithographs on India proof. The text is handsomely printed by the Didot firm, and the atlas leaves and many of the text leaves have, in the lower margin, an embossed stamp depicting the Mexican coat of arms (an eagle on a cactus with a serpent in its beak). The three expeditions described in the first volume are all separately paginated, as are the other various sections in the two text volumes. The text in the first volume is printed in double columns, in Spanish and French. A map is called for on the titlepage, but it seems quite likely that that map was not ready in time for the 1834 publication, and that it appears only in the 1844 edition of this work.

A monumental and path-breaking study of the ancient cultures of Mexico, with beautiful and influential illustrations. PALAU 13069. SABIN 40038. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS (Warden) 4082. LeCLERC 1065. FIELD 468. Peter O. Koch, JOHN LLOYD STEPHENS AND FREDERICK CATHERWOOD: PIONEERS OF MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGY, p.94. Paul N. Edison, “Colonial Prospecting in Independent Mexico: Abbe Baradere’s ANTIQUITÉS MEXICAINES (1834-1836)” in JOURNAL OF THE WESTERN SOCIETY FOR FRENCH HISTORY (Vol. 32, 2004), pp.195-215. $28,500.

Elements of Diplomacy, by the Spanish Consul in Yucatan

35. Ferrer y Valls, Gerónimo: [AUTOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT OF Tratado elemental teórico-practico de los Cónsules de España en paises etrangeros, presentado al Ministerio de Estado, por el Cónsul de S. M. en el Es- tado de Yucatan]. [Campeche. 1842-1843]. [59]pp. plus a quarto bifolium bearing the title bound at beginning of text. Folio. Modern three-quarter red morocco and cloth, gilt. Boards bowed, light rubbing to corners and spine ends. Central horizontal crease throughout, else clean. Near fine.

An extensive unpublished manuscript manual of diplomacy written for the use of Spanish consuls and commercial agents stationed in foreign countries, by Gerónimo Ferrer y Valls (1797-1851), then the Spanish consul and commercial agent in Campeche, Yucatan, and addressed to Antonio González y González (1792-1876), then in his second term as Spain’s Prime Minister.

Ferrer y Valls explains that he wrote this treatise for the benefit of his consular colleagues and trade agents, having himself profited from Agustín de Letamendi’s ATRIBUCIONES CONSULARES (1835). Arranged in thirty-six chapters, the text includes examples drawn from the author’s own experience in Campeche. Following a discussion of commerce in general and the history of Spanish consulates, Ferrer y Valls examines the skills required by a consul and vice consul, arguing that such a figure should also undertake the role of the commercial agent. Consular documents are examined: the bill of health for the port for which the consul was responsible, the authentication of documents, the notification of petitions, and the books to be kept. These include a letter book of ministerial correspondence and another of correspondence with authorities within the country; a register of passports issued by the consul; a log of the entry and exit of ships; a book of certificates stating the origin of goods; a register of Spanish citizens resident in the country; and a book of sea protests, proxies, deeds, wills, and other public acts. Discussion of the jurisdiction of Spanish consuls is followed by a description of consular services and fees, with a table of tariffs. A particularly interesting example of a consular report given here is a table for the first quarter of 1842 recording imports and exports flowing through the port of Campeche by Spanish merchant vessels. The treatise ends with a short chapter on inventories, listing, as an example, the papers, books, and effects in the consulate at Campeche.

At the time of writing this treatise, Ferrer y Valls was already an established author, having published, among other works, the similarly titled TRATADO ELEMENTAL TEÓRICO-PRÁCTICO DE RELACIONES COMERCIALES... in 1833, and edited a periodical entitled TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE AGRICULTURA, ARTES INDUSTRIALES, CIEN- CIAS, COMERCIO Y LITERATURA in 1834. That Ferrer y Valls also intended to publish this manuscript is clear: not only is it a fair copy, with only a few corrections and cross-outs, but it contains a copy of a letter from the author, and Prime Minister Antonio González y González’s reply, regarding its printing. The author estimates the cost of printing and paper for 500 copies at no more than 150 pesos, and states that if the government cannot meet the expense, he would, with González’s approval, arrange the printing himself. In an interesting aside, Ferrer y Valls requests transfer to the new consulate in Montevideo, as the climate in Campeche is not congenial to his health. González’s reply must have come as a disappointment on both accounts: it would not be appropriate for his ministry to publish the TRATADO, as it might give the work an authority which only government-issued instructions could have on such matters; as for the transfer, no definite decision had yet been made on the establishment of a consulate in Montevideo. That Ferrer y Valls continued to write, however, is clear from the publication of his CARTAS HISTÓRICAS, FILOSÓFICAS, ESTADÍSTICAS, AGRÍ- COLAS, INDUSTRIALES Y MERCANTILES in 1846.

The text of the TRATADO is followed by a copy of a letter from Ferrer y Valls, dated December 26, 1842, to the Secretary of the Office of the Ministry of State in Madrid, enclosing an appendix, and the Secretary’s reply of March 10, 1843. The appendix includes a “Copy of the case relative to the dispatch of passports to Spanish subjects by the commercial agent of Spain in Yucatan promoted by the government of the said state on 2 November 1841 and ended in favour of the repre- sentative of her majesty on 14 October 1842”; “A verbal claim made by the commercial agent of Spain in Yucatan on 18 October 1842 to the commander of the first division of operations for excluding the Spanish subject Juan Gual from the armed services”; and “A preventive communication directed by the commercial agent of Spain in Yucatan to the general in chief of the Mexican expeditionary troops and naval forces of the same state” of November 1842. A marvelous inside view of Spanish diplomatic relations, written in Mexico in the mid-19th century. $4750.

The Inventor of the Franklin Stove Advises His Friend on a Smoky Chimney

36. Franklin, Benjamin: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM BENJAMIN FRANKLIN TO HENRY HOME, LORD KAMES, REGARDING THE PROBLEM OF A SMOKY CHIMNEY AND HIS PLANS TO WRITE The Art of Virtue]. London. January 27, 1762. [3]pp., on two folio leaves, plus transmittal leaf. Partial fold separations and marginal tears expertly repaired. Transmittal leaf and seal laid down on paper. Overall very good. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

A charming correspondence from the “First American” to Henry Home, Lord Kames, one of Franklin’s favorite corre- spondents before the American Revolution. In the letter Franklin attempts to solve the problem of the chronically smoky chimney in Kames’ home in Edinburgh. He closes with an aphorism that is typical of Franklin’s legendary talent for pithy phrases: “But Workmen, ignorant of Causes, are like Quacks, always tampering; applying the Remedy proper in one Case to another in which it is improper, as well as attempting the Cure of what from the Nature of Things is not to be cured.”

Lord Kames was an influential Scottish lawyer and judge, who was also deeply interested in philosophy, manufacturing, agriculture, antiquities, ethics, natural religion, and criticism. Kames published several notable works during his long career, most notably his INTRODUCTION TO THE ART OF THINKING (1761), ELEMENTS OF CRITICISM (1762), and SKETCHES OF THE HISTORY OF MAN (1774). Beginning in 1760, Franklin and Lord Kames exchanged more than a dozen letters each, with the last letter sent from Franklin to Kames in March 1775. Thirteen of Franklin’s letters to Kames survive; the whereabouts of the letters sent from Kames to Franklin remain unknown. Often, as in the present letter, Franklin comments on Lord Kames’ publications. Franklin’s letters to Lord Kames also chart the evolution of Franklin’s shifting views on British colonial rule and American self-sufficiency.

At the time he wrote the present letter, Franklin was in active preparation for a “Return to America,” though he would not depart until late August. Here, Franklin bemoans not receiving Kames’ latest book, attempts to solve the problem of Kames’ smoky chimney, and mentions his own plans to complete THE ART OF VIRTUE. He writes:

“I was encourag’d by your Favour of the 22d. of November, to hope that the Beginning of the New Year would have brought me the Pleasure and Improvement I expect from the Perusal of your Elements of Criticism. As yet I hear nothing of any Copies being come to London; and I grow a little impatient....I am griev’d that you should live in a smoaky Room at Edinburgh, and that it is so difficult at this Distance to employ any Skill I may have in these Matters for your Relief.”

Lord Kames’ three-volume work, ELEMENTS OF CRITICISM was published in March 1762. By August, Franklin had acquired a copy of the work; he wrote in a letter to Lord Kames that month that he planned to read the work on his voy- age home to Philadelphia.

Lord Kames likely sought Franklin’s advice about the smoky chimney due to Franklin’s invention of the “Franklin stove” around 1740. Franklin printed a small book about his stove in 1744, titled AN ACCOUNT OF THE NEW INVENTED PENNSYLVANIAN FIRE-PLACES, which was illustrated with diagrams by Lewis Evans and engraved plates by James Turner. It is unsurprising that Lord Kames would have been familiar with Franklin’s work, and would seek his advice on a major issue related to his own fireplace. Here, Franklin expresses his distress at Kames’ plight and then attempts to diagnose the issue of Kames’ smoky chimney, posing a series of eleven detailed questions:

“I am griev’d that you should live in a smoaky Room at Edinburgh, and that it is so difficult at this Distance to employ any Skill I may have in these Matters for your Relief. Perhaps I may be able to advise something after being inform’d of the following Particulars. Does the Chimney refuse constantly to carry Smoke, or is it only at particular Times? Is it in a calm Season, or only when Winds blow? If when Winds blow, what is its Situation? that is, What Point of the Compass does the Opening of the Chimney within your Room face towards, and what Winds chiefly affect it? Does the Smoke only come down in Puffs while the Wind blows, and at Times go well up, or does it constantly lag below and come continu- ally into the Room more or less? Does it in calm Seasons smoke only when the Door is shut, and carry Smoke well up when a Door or Window is left open? What Distance is the Door from the Chimney, and how is it situated with respect to the Chimney? What is the Situation of your high Street in Edinburgh, with respect to the Compass? On which Side of the Street is the House you live in; and is the Room you speak of, in the Front or back Part of the House? Are there any Buildings near that are much higher than that you live in; and how are they situated with respect to it? What are the Dimensions of the Opening of your Chimney in the Room, and what the Dimensions of the Funnel? You will, I am afraid, hardly see a Reason for some of these Questions; and it would be too much for a Letter to explain them all properly.”

Franklin closes with his appraisal of the issue:

“There are I think 5 or 6 different Cases of smoaky Chimnies; all (except one) to be cured by different Means; & that one seems to me at present absolutely incurable. Chimneys in this Case, from what I remember of the Situation of Buildings in Edinburgh, I should fear you have more in proportion than any other Town in Britain. But Workmen, ignorant of Causes, are like Quacks, always tampering; applying the Remedy proper in one Case to another in which it is improper, as well as attempting the Cure of what from the Nature of Things is not to be cured.”

At this time, Franklin was preparing to embark on a voyage to return to Philadelphia and he hoped that upon his arrival he would have “reason to expect a good deal of Leisure, and purpose seizing the first Opportunity of compleating a Work which I flatter myself will be useful to many, and afford some Reputation to its Author.” This clearly refers to the long- planned THE ART OF VIRTUE, a work centering on ethics that Franklin worked on beginning in 1732 and for decades afterwards, but failed to complete before his death in 1790. A few of Franklin’s letters to Kames mention the work, as early as May 1760. Though the work was never finished, a portion regarding important virtues was published as part of Franklin’s posthumous AUTOBIOGRAPHY.

Near the end of the letter, Franklin congratulates Lord and Lady Kames on the marriage of their daughter, Jean, to the prosperous Patrick Heron. Little did either of them know that Jean would soon embark on an affair with James Boswell (and several others), leading to divorce in 1772 and exile to France by her parents.

Franklin closes by thanking Lord Kames for his “kind Reception” of Franklin’s friend John Morgan, a medical student from Philadelphia. At that time, Morgan was in Edinburgh, in the midst of a five-year European course of study to deepen his medical knowledge. In 1765, Morgan returned to Philadelphia to open the first medical school in America at the University of Pennsylvania.

A cordial letter between friends, both of whom are paragons of the Enlightenment. FOUNDERS ONLINE: https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-10-02-0017. PAPERS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, vol. 10, pp.27-29. $40,000. Dramatic Hudson River Watercolor

37. Friend, Washington F.: [THE HUDSON RIVER FROM FORT PUTNAM]. [Fort Putnam, N.Y. ca. 1860]. Wa- tercolor on paper, 9¾ x 12¾ inches. Laid down on modern card. Signed in lower left corner: “W F Friend.” Colors clean and fresh. In fine condition. Matted.

A fine watercolor of the Hudson River as seen from Fort Putnam, painted by Washington F. Friend. A single figure in a red coat in the foreground provides scale as well as a touch of contrast to the predominant brown, blue, green, and grey tones used to portray the river and surrounding woods and hills and a partially cloudy sky. Several ships can be seen on the Hudson, and a village across the river is also depicted. In the foreground on the right side can be seen part of a brick wall, perhaps part of the fort’s fortification.

Friend (ca. 1820-1886), a painter and topographic artist who specialized in watercolors, is particularly well known for his work in the American West. “After failed business, he became an itinerant artist, sketching in Utah, California, Colorado, and Montana and painted a panorama which was exhibited in Canada and the eastern U.S.” – Falk. Following a three-year journey through the western United States and Canada, Friend displayed his work in panoramic form as one element in a theatrical event which included music and recitations. The show toured in the northeast and England. Upon his return to the United States, he continued to paint and exhibit his work.

A fine mid-19th-century watercolor view of the Hudson River as seen from the West Point area. WHO WAS WHO IN AMERICAN ART, 1564-1975 I, p.1202. Hughes, ARTISTS IN CALIFORNIA, p.192. $5000.

The History of Peru by a Half-Inca Prince

38. Garcilaso de la Vega, “El Inca”: PRIMERA PARTE DE LOS COMMENTARIOS REALES, QUE TRATAN DEL ORIGEN DE LOS YNCAS, REYES QUE FUERON DEL PERU, DE SU IDOLATRIA, LEYES, Y GOVIERNO EN PAZ Y EN GUERRA.... Lisbon: En la Officina de Pedro Crasbeeck, 1609. [10],264 leaves plus engraved plate. Small folio. 18th-century Spanish tree calf, spine gilt, leather labels. Ink stain on titlepage, bleeding through to following leaf. Minor foxing and soiling. Very good plus.

A handsome copy of the “Royal Commentaries” of the great half Spanish, half Inca historian, Garcilaso de la Vega. He was the foremost historian of early Peru, and his works are the basis of our knowledge of Incan history. Born in Cuzco, the son of a Spanish nobleman and an Indian princess, he was a second cousin to the last Incan rulers of Peru. He left Peru as a youth and lived in Spain the rest of his life. PRIMERA PARTE... deals entirely with the Incan empire and the conquest of Peru. Spanish critic Menendez y Pelayo called it “the most genuinely American book that has ever been written, perhaps the only one in which a reflection of the soul of the conquered raced has survived.” Garcilaso de la Vega continued his history of Peru with his HISTORIA GENERAL..., published in 1616. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 609/44. MEDINA, BHA 549. PALAU 354788. SABIN 98757. $18,500.

Gerry Discusses His Role as President of the Senate, and His Conflict with Senators Over “Usages” of the Senate

39. Gerry, Elbridge: [LENGTHY AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM VICE PRESIDENT ELBRIDGE GERRY, DISCUSSING HIS ROLE AS PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE AND RECOUNTING THE PRACTICE OF USAGES IN THE SENATE]. Washington. March 22, 1814. [8]pp. Quarto. Old fold lines. Two small tears in fore-edge of last two leaves. Minor soiling. Very good plus. In a folio-sized brown half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

A superb letter written by Elbridge Gerry to an unidentified recipient discussing his role as presiding officer of the Senate during his term as vice president, written just a few months before the end of his life. Gerry served as President Madison’s vice president and staunchly supported Madison’s aggression against the British in the War of 1812. The vice president’s job, as stated in the Constitution, is to preside over the Senate; most holders of that office, however, had relinquished the post to a president pro tem. In a move that went entirely against tradition, Gerry refused to relinquish his position as presiding officer of the Senate after the close of the session, lest a peace advocate from Virginia take his place.

Gerry’s letter, which is entirely focused on his work as the presiding officer of the Senate, discusses the issue of “usages” – unwritten rules that governed the Senate in addition to the recorded rules. He was informed by the Senate that they would let him know, as needed, what these usages were and where they were applicable, a practice Gerry refers to near the end of the letter as “a mean snare to entangle the presiding officer.”

Gerry writes:

“I suspect from appearances, there have been anonymous complaints against our friend B.; there certainly have against Mr. [Henry] Dearborn. Your conduct in regard to the former was wise, honorable & friendly; & let the issue be as it may, he never can impute blame to you, & would I think prefer you as a successor, to any other person. This mode of shooting in ambush is savage, & if countenanced, would drive from office every man of honor & substitute in his place an assassin.... The attempt to criminate Governor [Return Jonathan] Meigs has failed, & he after an ordeal is confirmed by the Senate [as postmaster general]. In it there is at present such a number of Federalists, & of ostensible Republicans, as to nicely ballance this body on some points, & to preponderate in their favor or others.

“The former, in regard to myself, have preserved in general more delicacy than the latter; several of whom, at the moment of my taking the chair, opened a masked battery on it, under the denomination of usages. The written rules & Jefferson’s Manual were sent to me by the Secretary before I came to this city, & another set of them was placed on the Senate table. These I applied but was informed of another kind of rule called usages, which were to govern my conduct & that of the Senate. I enquired whether they were in the Journals, or any record, or in print, & was answered in the negative, but that the members knew them & would from time to time give me information. This queer kind of orders was communicated to me from time to time & submitted to the awkward mode adopted by some gentlemen of being thus catechized into the knowledge of their usages; but took the precautions always writing them as stated, & of taking the sense of the Senate, whether they were to be considered as the usages of that body. This record I left on the table for the use of new members, as well as for the government of myself in the last session; during which, one of the members being disposed at a time to dispute the usage, the chair was supported, & Judge Anderson declared, that the President ought to be embarrassed with such kind of rules, but that they ought to be exploded.”

Gerry then launches into a lengthy and detailed account of an incident involving a dispute in the Senate over usages. He notes that the entire incident was subsequently stricken from the record, likely making this one of the only records of the occurrence:

“One of these usages required that each member presenting a petition should not only comply with the written rule by stating the purport of the petition, but should declare that ‘it was conceived in respectful terms.’ Mr. King soon after my arrival presented a petition, [which] complied with the written rule, & refused to comply with the usage; altho it was read & confirmed by a number of gentlemen who declared it to be correct. Mr. Mason demanded whether the usage was on the journals, & objected to my record of it; but he was corrected by Mr. Dana of Connecticut & others....[Mr. King later] preferred another petition from the city of N. York, complying with the written rule only. I enquired whether it was conceived in respectful terms, he refused to answer, & demanded whether he was in order; saying that if the chair refused to receive the petition, he would take it back, & return it to his constituents with a statement of the facts. In answer, I informed the Senate that the member was in order according to the written rules, but out of order according to the usage; & requested the sense of the Senate, in order to put an end to such unpleasant conflicts on this question, whether not having complied with the usage of the house requiring the declaration mentioned, he was in order?

“This produced a warm debate....During the debate, Mr. Giles in an illiberal, & I tho’t ungentlemanly manner cast blame on the chair for having in one instance only produced excitement in his feelings by merely enquiring whether a petition which he had preferred, was (agreeably to the requisite of his usage) conceived in respectful terms. He stated that the question had not been presented by any President pro tem, & implied a distrust of the honor of the member. I stated if there existed a distrust, it was not on my part, but on that of the Senate; which had established the usage & made it bind- ing on the members of the Senate, & who made it the duty of the President to apply it as a rule....After the [flame?] had risen, I informed the gentlemen, that they had not supported the Chair in applying their usage, which was here apparently a mean snare to entangle the presiding officer; & that until the usages were ascertained, recorded & determined to be rules of proceeding by the Senate, they would not again by me be applied as such. The next day Mr. Dagget moved to amend the Journal so as that the decision of the Senate should not appear to have been against a usage. I read the motion & informed the Senate that they had a right to put what they pleased in their Journals, over which I had no control; but that the motion did not state the fact, & that this was truly recorded by the Secretary. Another member then moved to strike out the record in regard to this matter & so it ended.”

Gerry adds in a post script: “The members of the Senate have appeared since this affair attentive, more so than usual. But it develops I think a high degree of party prejudice. I shall bury it however in oblivion, & alter my future proceedings, so as to stand on recorded rules and practices.”

Gerry served in the Continental Congress and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was an early and vigorous advocate of American Independence, and played a crucial role in the formation of the new United States gov- ernment, insisting on a bill of rights being added to the new Constitution. “Gerry warned that the Constitution would not be ratified without a bill of rights, and he proved to be right. Massachusetts accepted the document, but only with the strong recommendation that a bill of rights be added. Several other states followed suit, and the Constitution was ratified but only with these provisos. Gerry staunchly supported the new government, helped to frame the Bill of Rights, and served as congressman from 1789 to 1793” – ANB. His name is perhaps most remembered, however ignominiously, in connection with the term “gerrymandering.” In his second term as governor of Massachusetts, Gerry redrew district lines to consolidate his party’s control in the state senate. “The shape of one electoral district on the map resembled a salamander, and one wit promptly dubbed it a ‘Gerrymander.’ Hence, the term used today when redistricting results in a concentration of the strength of one political party and a weakening of its opponent’s strength” – ANB. Though this was not necessarily a new practice, the name stuck. Gerry ran on the ticket with President Madison in 1812, for Madison’s second term as president, and died in office in November 1814.

An interesting and detailed letter by Gerry, unraveling the intricacies of the rules in the Senate, coupled with the difficul- ties of handling party politics in that body. $9500. A Key Work of Virginia Botany, with Important Provenance

40. Gronovius, Johannes Fredericus: FLORA VIRGINICA EXHIBENS PLANTAS QUAS V.C. JOHANNES CLAYTON IN VIRGINIA OBSERVAVIT ATQUE COLLEGIT. [with:] INDEX SUPELLECTILIS LAPIDEÆ.... Leiden: Cornelium Haak, 1739-1743. Two volumes and the extraneous index of stones all bound together in one volume. [6],128,[6]; [2],129-206,[4]; [4],29pp. Each volume and index with separate titlepage. Later green morocco by Birdsall, or- nate gilt-tooled spine and covers, spine with raised bands, gilt inner dentelles, a.e.g. Spine slightly sunned. Trimmed close, occasionally affecting text. Third text leaf remargined along fore-edge with some loss of text, extra titlepage in first part with paper repair affecting one word. Scattered foxing. Overall very good, with an attractive and important provenance.

This copy bears the bookplate and ownership signature of noted naturalist and antiquarian William Borlase (1695-1772) on the verso of the front free endpaper. Gronovius’ work, based on Clayton’s specimens, comprised the first systematic flora of Virginia and was responsible for establishing many new genera. “John Clayton came to Virginia in 1705, where his father was attorney general. The DNB has confused him with another John Clayton, born in 1686, who came to Virginia at the end of the seventeenth century and contributed papers on medical botany to the Royal Society. The present John Clayton had an estate on the Piankatank River in Mathews County, spent much time in collecting Virginia plants, and discussed them with J.F. and L.T. Gronovius, Linnæus, Kalm, Collinson, and Bartram. Donald Culross Peattie writes in DAB: ‘After many delays, the results of his work were embodied in the FLORA VIRGINICA by John Frederick Gronovius. Because Clayton’s herbarium specimens formed the basis of this work, it is often asserted that it should be called ‘Clayton’s Flora Virginica,’ but the final identification of the specimens, the science and system of the book, were largely the work of Gronovius” – Hunt. In later editions Gronovius employed a more Linnæan system of identification, but for the present first edition he chose instead a binomial nomenclature which preceded Linnæus’ system by a decade.

In addition to the Borlase bookplate and ownership signature, which reads “Wm Borlase 1739 Ex dono Authoris” on the front free endpaper, there is an additional manuscript leaf, presumably in Borlase’s hand, inserted between the index to the second volume and the work on stones. It is a copy of a letter sent in 1740 from Gronovius to Borlase which reads:

“Last May I had the favour to get your letter of the 17th of March with a Honer [sp?] pott with roots of the Guernseg Lilly which came very well over, for which, and the Minera Micacea, I am extremely oblig’d. I am now printing an Index of my Collection of Stones (following the method of Linnæus in his Systema naturæ) of which I send to you the two first sheets already printed besides another copy for Dr. Andrew which I hope you will direct to him: the only reason I print it is that Linnæus hath desir’d it promising me it would serve him to give Colleges upon it, as he is oblig’d by the Crown of Sweden to give every year a College upon Stones and Minerals. I hope you shall be quiet about the price of Mapsen [?] Physicks, but be content with reading in these two printed sheets, most every page so many times Cornubiense, for all which I am infinitely oblig’d to you....As soon the other sheets are printed I shall not forget you....”

Borlase, though officially employed as a cleric, was actively engaged in the scientific community, and he published his own important work, THE NATURAL HISTORY OF CORNWALL, in 1758.

A unique copy of this important Virginia flora, notable for its pre-Linnæan classification system. SABIN 28923. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 739/135. PRITZEL 3607. HUNT 571 (another ed). BM (NATURAL HIS- TORY) II, p.739. ARNOLD ARBORETUM LIBRARY CATALOGUE, p.304. DNB (cd). $17,500.

The Fracturing of the Federalists

41. Hamilton, Alexander: LETTER FROM ALEXANDER HAMILTON, CONCERNING THE PUBLIC CON- DUCT AND CHARACTER OF JOHN ADAMS, ESQ. PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. New York: Printed for John Lang, by John Furman, 1800. 54pp. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. An occasional light fox mark. Very good.

Third edition. The great betrayal, which may have cost Adams the election of 1800. Hamilton originally issued this work with the hope of giving Charles Cotesworth Pinckney a majority over Adams. That scheme failed and though Pinckney eventually became Adams’s running mate in 1800, they lost the general election to the Jefferson-Burr ticket. The dispute between Adams and Hamilton exposed the growing fissures in the Federalist Party, a state of affairs that would in part lead to twenty-four years of Democratic-Republican control of the Presidency.

Hamilton writes of Adams: “...He does not possess the talents adapted to the administration of this Government, and that there are great and intrinsic defects in his character which unfit him for the office of Chief Magistrate.” “This and Adams’ reply are probably the plainest talk ever indulged in, in print, between two great statesmen. It received many answers, from both Republicans and Federalists” – Ford. Very popular in its time, the work was reprinted four times during the 1800 election, with Hamilton eventually giving the copyright to John Lang. EVANS 37568. HOWES H116. FORD 71. SABIN 29959. REESE, FEDERAL HUNDRED 81 (ref). $3500. The Most Important Illustrated Work of Early North America

42. Hariot, Thomas, [and John White]: De Bry, Theodor and Johann Theodor: ADMIRANDA NARRATIO FIDA TAMEN, DE COMMODIS ET INCOLARVM RITIBVS VIRGINIÆ.... Frankfurt: Theodor De Bry, 1590. 34,[4] pp., one plate and one double-page map, [2], twenty-two plates (five with accompanying text leaves), [3], five plates and accompanying text leaves, [7]pp. Folio. 17th-century burgundy paneled calf, gilt, expertly rebacked in matching calf, spine gilt with raised bands. Slight edge wear. 18th-century private library stamp at foot of titlepage below decorative engraving. Some age-toning, a few text leaves darker than others. Else a fine copy.

A foundation work on the early exploration and delineation of America, describing and illustrating the first British colony to be established there. This volume is the first issued by the publisher, Theodor De Bry, in his extraordinary series, GRAND VOYAGES, describing the exploration of the New World. It is without question the most important of the series both in terms of contemporary influence and modern historical and ethnographic value. The elegant production values of De Bry, combined with the critically important text, make this volume one of the most important relating to the early discovery of North America.

In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh received a ten-year charter to establish the first permanent English settlement in Virginia, and over the course of the next five years four expeditions landed at Roanoke for that purpose. The second of those expedi- tions included mathematician and navigator Thomas Hariot and artist and later colonial governor John White. Upon his return to London, Hariot would privately publish in 1588 A BRIEF AND TRUE ACCOUNT OF THE NEW FOUND LAND OF VIRGINIA (extant in only six known copies), which details the explorations and discoveries during the 1585 expedition. The following year Hakluyt would include the text in his seminal PRINCIPALL NAVIGATIONS. In 1589 master engraver and publisher Theodor De Bry traveled to London where he met Hakluyt, who told him of the British expeditions to Virginia and shared with him both Hariot’s journal and White’s watercolors from the expedition. Hakluyt suggested the publication of a series of illustrated voyages to America, beginning with Hariot/White. De Bry returned to Frankfurt and in 1590 published the work in Latin (as here) and in German. Hariot’s text is the first description of the Virginia and Carolina country. The map which accompanies the volume is the first really good map of the Virginia coast and Carolina capes, showing the coast from the mouth of the Chesapeake to Wilmington, North Carolina.

John White’s illustrations are among the most famous of early American images. White was the lieutenant-governor of the abortive colony, and a skilled artist besides. His carefully executed watercolors, gleaned from close observation and remarkably accurate renderings of the Carolina Indians and their customs, costumes, rituals, hunting practices, and dwell- ings, are here expertly engraved by De Bry. No other artist so carefully rendered American Indians until Karl Bodmer worked on the Missouri in the 1830s. Besides these illustrations, there are plates showing White’s conception of the ancient Picts of Scotland, to whom he wished to compare the American natives.

A fine copy of a remarkably important Americanum, in its first issue. CHURCH 140. CUMMING & DE VORSEY 12. JCB I:396. VAIL 7 (note). EUROPEAN AMERICANA 590/31. ARENTS 37. SABIN 8784. $85,000.

The Earliest American Book on Seamanship and Practical Navigation

43. Haselden, Thomas: THE SEAMAN’S DAILY ASSISTANT, BEING A SHORT, EASY AND PLAIN METHOD OF KEEPING A JOURNAL AT SEA; IN WHICH ARE CONTAINED, RULES, SHEWING HOW THE AL- LOWANCES FOR LEE-WAY, VARIATION, HEAVE OF THE SEA, SET OF CURRENTS, &c. ARE TO BE MADE.... London, Printed: Philadelphia, Re-printed: J. Crukshank, 1777. [8],160pp. Small quarto. Contemporary calf. Hinges neatly reinforced, boards a bit rubbed and shelfworn. Contemporary ownership signatures of Daniel Henderson on front endpapers and titlepage. Light, even tanning; an occasional bit of marginal staining. Very good.

First American edition of this work, and the first book regarding practical navigation to be printed in the United States. It appeared fully twenty years before any other similar work in America. ESTC locates a total of only seven copies (CSmH, CtY, DLC, MWA, RPJCB, MiU-C, NN).

Haselden was a prolific writer of guides for navigators and seamen, best known for his work concerning Mercator’s chart and its uses. When the present work first appeared in 1722, he styled himself “Teacher of Mathematics...in the Royal Navy,” and he was held in sufficiently high regard to be elected to the Royal Society in 1740, but he died before he could be installed as a Fellow. The present work was not issued in his lifetime, but was first printed by mapmakers Mount & Page in 1757. They kept it regularly in print (six more editions were issued between 1761 and 1775), and it had become a standard work by the time this Philadelphia edition was published, no doubt an attempt to provide a basic work for mariners whose supply of British editions was cut off by the American Revolution. The text covers a wide variety of information needed by sailors, from discerning latitude and longitude to various sailing methods to tips for keeping a journal while at sea.

This work’s rarity may possibly be accounted for by its having been published in Philadelphia in 1777, when the city was besieged by the British and subsequent destruction. Evans lists this work but could not find a copy to collate, and at the time Rosenbach offered a copy (in his famous catalogue THE SEA in 1938 for $400; in the same catalogue a Hennepin was priced at $65), he could not locate another. Although copies are now known in the major institutions listed above, copies appear in the market infrequently. The last complete copy at auction was the Frank Streeter copy, which sold for $21,600 in 2007.

A landmark American first. RINK 3840. EVANS 15360. ESTC W2994. ROSENBACH 19:314. JCB MARITIME HISTORY PRELIMINARY HAN- DLIST 146. DNB IX, p.106. $18,500.

“Best handbook...[of] the time” – Howes

44. Horn, Hosea B.: HORN’S OVERLAND GUIDE, FROM THE U.S. INDIAN SUB-AGENCY, COUNCIL BLUFFS, ON THE MISSOURI RIVER, TO THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO, IN CALIFORNIA. New York: Pub- lished by J.H. Colton, 1852. 83,[1]pp. plus 18pp. publisher’s advertisements at rear. Large folding map, with route marked by hand in red. 16mo. Original salmon cloth, stamped in blind and gilt. Spine torn and chipped. Cloth lightly soiled. Bookplates on front pastedown; contemporary inscription on front fly leaf. Blind embossed stamp on titlepage and a few internal leaves, else quite clean. Very good. In an octavo-sized blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case.

This is the issue with the “opinions of the press” on page 5, and the longer main text. Hosea B. Horn was an Iowa lawyer, author, printer, and newspaperman who made the overland trip to California in 1850 and used his experience to produce this detailed guide – the most popular and best known of its day. The text consists of a lengthy list of “Notable Places, Objects and Remarks,” and describes the trail in a detailed, step-by-step fashion, with the distance between places, and cumulative tally of the total distance covered from Council Bluffs to Sacramento (2,011 miles total). The five-page “ap- pendix” includes other mileage charts, followed by fifteen pages of “Business Advertisements.” The map was executed by Colton and shows the entire central route, with all the cut-offs, marked in red. “Especial importance attaches to this work from the fact that it was one of the few guides which actually measured and described much of the route traversed. Horn had personally been over all the ‘cut-offs’ and he prepared what is possibly the most exact account of the ‘Overland Trail’ which has come down to us” – Eberstadt. The notes in the Streeter sale catalogue agreed with this assessment, calling this work: “One of the best of the guides, as it is one of the few where the distances were closely measured.” WAGNER-CAMP 214. COWAN, p.292. GRAFF 1952. WHEAT GOLD REGIONS 221. HOWES H641, “b.” KURUTZ 343b. WHEAT GOLD RUSH 105. WHEAT TRANSMISSISSIPPI 751. SABIN 33021. STREETER SALE 3170. HOW- ELL 50:529. EBERSTADT 115:1050. MINTZ 238. REESE, BEST OF THE WEST 124. $7500.

First British Edition, with Plates Differing from the American Edition

45. James, Edwin: ACCOUNT OF AN EXPEDITION FROM PITTSBURGH TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, PERFORMED IN THE YEARS 1819, 1820...UNDER THE COMMAND OF MAJ. S.H. LONG, OF THE U.S. TOP. ENGINEERS. COMPILED FROM THE NOTES OF MAJOR LONG, MR. T. SAY, AND OTHER GENTLEMEN OF THE PARTY, BY EDWIN JAMES, BOTANIST AND GEOLOGIST TO THE EXPEDITION. London: Long- man, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1823. Three volumes. vii,[1],344; vii,[1],356; vii,[1],347,[1]pp. Folding engraved map, folding engraved plate with geological profiles, and eight other plates (three aquatint) by I. Clark after S. Seymour. Half title in second and third volumes. Original publisher’s half cloth and plain paper boards, printed paper labels. Neat repair to hinges and corners. Bookplate on front pastedown of first volume. Quite clean internally. About very good. Untrimmed.

The first London edition of this cornerstone of Western Americana. Originally named the “Yellowstone Expedition,” the U.S. government expedition under Major Stephen Long was the most ambitious exploration of the trans-Mississippi West following those of Lewis and Clark and Zebulon Pike. The expedition travelled up the Missouri and then followed the River Platte to its source in the Rocky Mountains before moving south to Upper Arkansas. From there the plan was to find the source of the Red River, but when this was missed, the Canadian River was explored instead.

Edwin James was the botanist, geologist, and surgeon for the expedition, and “based his compilation upon his own re- cords, the brief geological notes of Major Long, and the early journals of Thomas Say [who served as the expedition’s zoologist]” (Wagner-Camp). Significantly, Long’s expedition was the first official U.S. expedition to be accompanied by artists (namely Titian Peale and Samuel Seymour), and the illustrations are an important early visual record of the re- gion. Cartographically, Long provided the first details of the Central Plains. Upon returning to Washington from the expedition, he drafted a large manuscript map of the West (now in the National Archives) and the printed map in James’ ACCOUNT... closely follows his original. The myth of the Great American Desert was founded by Long, a myth which endured for decades. Long’s map, along with that of Lewis and Clark, “were the progenitors of an entire class of maps of the American Transmississippi West” (Wheat).

The American first edition was published in three volumes in Philadelphia in 1822-23; this London edition followed. The London edition differs in some respects from the American: a few additional paragraphs of text were added, the plates were re-engraved, and the two maps found in the American edition were here combined into one. WAGNER-CAMP 25:2. FIELD 948. ABBEY 650. HOWES J41, “b.” STREETER SALE 1784. WHEAT TRANSMIS- SISSIPPI 353. SABIN 35683. REESE, BEST OF THE WEST 49 (ref). $6000. Jefferson’s Greatest Work

46. Jefferson, Thomas: NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. London: Printed for John Stockdale, 1787. [4],382pp. plus partially colored folding map and folding table. Contemporary calf, expertly rebacked in matching style and retaining contemporary gilt label. Corners a bit worn. Bookplate on front pastedown. Small separations at a few of the map cross- folds, some offsetting on the map. Internally very clean. A handsome copy. In a cloth chemise and slipcase, leather label.

The first English edition of Jefferson’s famous work. This is the only book-length work by Jefferson to be published in his lifetime, and has been called “one of America’s first permanent literary and intellectual landmarks.” It was largely written in 1781 and first published in Paris, in French, in 1785. Written in the form of answers to questions about Virginia, the book supplies a description of the geography, with an abundance of supporting material and unusual information. As J.M. Edelstein notes: “Jefferson wrote about things which interested him deeply and about which he knew a great deal; the NOTES, therefore, throws a fascinating light on his tastes, curiosities, and political and social opinions.” The handsome map which accompanies this edition (but is often lacking), based on the Fry and (Peter) Jefferson map, was not issued with the Paris editions. The story of the creation of this book and its publishing history is an interesting one. It is told fully by Millicent Sowerby in her catalogue of Jefferson’s library, where it occupies some thirty pages in small type.

This copy bears the contemporary ownership signature of Francis Maseres on the front free endpaper. Maseres (1731- 1824) was a longtime Baron of the Exchequer, and a noted jurist and mathematician. He was attorney-general of Quebec in the late 1760s and wrote frequently on issues concerning British colonies in North America, and on the rights of British subjects in the colonies. A fine association copy. HOWES J78. SABIN 35895. VAIL 760. CLARK I:262. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 4167. ADAMS, THE EYE OF THOMAS JEFFERSON 57. REESE, FEDERAL HUNDRED 6 (ref). $57,500.

Jefferson on Neutrality and Maritime Power During the Genêt Affair

47. Jefferson, Thomas: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM THOMAS JEFFERSON AS SECRETARY OF STATE, TO MARYLAND GOVERNOR THOMAS SIM LEE, REGARDING WASHINGTON’S NEUTRALITY PROCLAMATION, THE SEIZURE OF A BRITISH SHIP IN THE WATERS OFF MARYLAND, AND THE POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF STATES VERSUS THOSE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT]. Philadelphia. May 25, 1793. [1]p. manuscript letter on a quarto sheet, 9¼ x 7½ inches. Old folds. Small tape repair on verso. Near fine. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

A relatively brief but significant letter from Thomas Jefferson that relates to a number of important foreign and domestic political issues that bedeviled George Washington’s administration in the early 1790s. The issues addressed by Jefferson, directly and indirectly, include the war between France and Great Britain, Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation with regard to that conflict, the efforts of Edmond Genêt to enlist private American aid in commandeering British shipping, and the duties, powers, and responsibilities of the individual states as opposed to the federal government. The task of enforcing American neutrality fell largely to Jefferson as Secretary of State, and it was a major instance of his reasoned notion that America must remain neutral coming into conflict with his emotional attachment to France.

Edmond Genêt, the first minister of the French Republic to the United States, arrived in Charleston, South Carolina on April 8, 1793, and immediately undertook a course of actions that strained French-American relations. France had declared war on Great Britain the previous February, and Genêt sought to enlist American assistance in seizing British ships, and in attacking British holdings in North America. He commissioned American ships as privateers against British ships, and established French prize courts to divide the spoils. Just two weeks after Genêt’s arrival, Washington pronounced that the official policy of the United States toward France and Great Britain would be strict neutrality, and he instructed American citizens to refrain from any belligerent activities.

This neutrality proclamation did nothing to dissuade Genêt, however, and on April 29 a British-owned schooner, Eunice, was captured off the coast of Virginia by an American-built and armed schooner that sailed under French colors, but which was manned largely by Americans. The Eunice was sent to Baltimore, where it was to be tried in a (Genêt-organized) prize court. In the wake of this and other events, the Washington administration issued several important directives in May 1793, including an order for prosecuting American citizens bearing arms with European belligerents, and circular letters to the state governors regarding the preservation of peace and against the outfitting of privateering vessels.

The present letter from Jefferson to Maryland governor Thomas Sim Lee is a response to a letter from Lee dated May 20th. In that letter Lee updated Jefferson on the status of the Eunice, and deferred to the federal government on how to proceed with that issue and in similar cases. In the present letter of May 25th, Jefferson responds to Lee in a direct and forthright manner, informing him that he has shown Lee’s letter of the 20th to President Washington. Jefferson addresses the issue of how to deal with Americans aiding the belligerents, referring to Attorney General Edmund Randolph’s recently issued order: “Measures had been already taken for prosecuting such American citizens as had joined in the capture therein mentioned, a letter to that effect having been written to the Attorney of the U.S. in the state of Maryland.” With regard to how the states should respond to instances of captured ships being brought into their ports, Jefferson informs Lee that the federal government expects the states to use their own resources:

“With respect to the prize, the government did not think itself authorised to do any thing. Your Excellency will have been informed by a letter from the Secretary at war, addressed to you as the head of the militia of your state, of the measures proposed for preventing the fitting out privateers in our ports in future, as well as for the preservation of peace within our limits.”

This refers to the two orders issued by Secretary of War Henry Knox on May 23 and May 24, just a few days before Jef- ferson wrote this letter.

Throughout 1793, Secretary of State Jefferson wrestled with the issues raised by the war between Great Britain and France: America’s neutrality, his personal pro-French sentiments, the deleterious effects of Genêt’s activities, and the role that the states and the federal government should play in preserving peace. This letter encompasses all those issues. PAPERS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON 26, pp.67-68, 117-18. Malone, JEFFERSON AND THE ORDEAL OF LIBERTY, pp.79-89, 102-3. Harry Ammon, THE GENET MISSION (New York, 1973), pp.32-79. Lawrence S. Kaplan, JEFFERSON AND FRANCE (New Haven, 1967), pp.51-59. $47,500.

The First Edition of Jefferson’s Manual of Senate Procedure, Owned by a Political Ally

48. Jefferson, Thomas: A MANUAL OF PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICE. FOR THE USE OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. Washington City: Printed by Samuel Harrison Smith, 1801. [199]pp. 12mo. Antique-style mottled in calf, tooled in gilt, spine richly gilt, raised bands, gilt morocco label. Contemporary ownership inscriptions on front flyleaf and titlepage (see below). First seventy-nine pages hand-numbered in upper margin. Old stain on titlepage, continuing near gutter of first handful of leaves, else very good. In a half calf and cloth clamshell box, spine gilt.

The first edition of Jefferson’s seminal work on parliamentary procedure – one of only three books he published in his lifetime (the others are NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA, and his defense of his policy on the New Orleans batture, published in 1812).

This copy bears the ownership signature on the titlepage of Jacob Holgate (1767-1832), a Pennsylvania politician and businessman, who was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party and a supporter of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and Andrew Jackson. A further note on the titlepage indicates that this copy was bought from Holgate on April 2, 1803 by another member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Frederick Eichelberger (1783-1836),

When Jefferson became vice president in 1797, he also became presiding officer of the U.S. Senate. He decided to compile a manual of legislative procedure as a guide for him and for future presiding officers, and also with an eye to minimizing senators’ criticism of rulings from the chair. The Virginia polymath sets forth rules of order and procedure – probably more dictating to the legislature than would be tolerated from a president these days. The work is comprehensive, cover- ing everything from daily order to rules, quorums, motions, bills, conferences, treaties, impeachment, and much, much more. For example, in order to bring some decorum to debates, Jefferson instructs that “no one is to disturb another in his speech by hissing, coughing, spitting, speaking or whispering to another” (“Order in Debate” section).

“The chief significance of Jefferson’s service as presiding officer of the Senate lies in the fact that out of it emerged his Manual of Parliamentary Practice, subsequently published in many editions and translated into several languages, and even now the basis of parliamentary usage in the Senate” – DAB.

Sabin is in error in calling for an edition issued in 1800. There is another edition that was issued in 1801 consisting of 188,[4] pages, and a second edition of 1812. SHAW & SHOEMAKER 719. SABIN 35887. REESE, FEDERAL HUNDRED 86. $8500.

Ending Martial Law in the Non-Rebelling State of Kentucky

49. Johnson, Andrew: (OCTOBER 12, 1865. – ENDING MARTIAL LAW IN KENTUCKY.) BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. A PROCLAMATION. Washington, D.C. Oct. 12, 1865. [1]p., printed on a folded folio sheet. Light edge wear. Near fine.

An important official printing of the presidential proclamation ending martial law in Kentucky in October 1865. Kentucky had not joined the Confederacy, so the proclamation of martial law there was a step President Lincoln had avoided until it seemed absolutely necessary. Martial law had been declared by the President on July 5, 1864, when the Civil War was still raging and “combinations were in progress in Kentucky for the purpose of inciting insurgent raids into that State.” Johnson also comments on why martial law can now be ended because “the danger from insurgent raids into Kentucky has substantially passed away.” An extraordinarily rare government publication, with only one copy in OCLC, at the Filson Historical Society. OCLC 49243807. $2750.

South Carolina Just Before the Revolution

50. Johnston, George Milligen: A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH-CAROLINA, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE AIR, WEATHER, AND DISEASES, AT CHARLES-TOWN. WRITTEN IN THE YEAR 1763. London. 1770. 96pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Internally clean. Very good.

An important account of South Carolina in the mid-18th century. Johnston, a doctor, was the chief medical officer of the British Army in South Carolina. He writes extensively on the diseases of the area in addition to the climate, weather, and local foods. He specifically discusses several kinds of fevers, as well as cholera, dysentery, and pleurisy, noting a particularly virulent form of pleurisy which often attacks the slave population. He also includes a chapter on the local Indian tribes including the Catawbas, Cherokees, Creeks, and Chickasaws, and the role they played in the late French and Indian War. Scarce on the market. No copies have appeared at auction since the Streeter Sale in 1967.

Many sources, including Howes, give Milligen as the author’s surname, which it was, but he later assumed the last name of a relative named Johnston. HOWES M621, “aa.” STREETER SALE 1131. SABIN 49086. ESTC T99069. REESE & OSBORN, STRUGGLE FOR NORTH AMERICA 84 (note). $12,500.

Classic Account of La Salle’s Last Voyage and Texas Settlement

51. Joutel, Henri: JOURNAL HISTORIQUE DU DERNIER VOYAGE QUE FEU M. DE LA SALE FIT DANS LE GOLFE DE MEXIQUE, POUR TROUVER L’EMBOUCHURE, & LE COURS DE LA RIVIERE DE MISSI- CIPI [sic], NOMMÉE À PRESENT LA RIVIERE DE SAINT LOUIS, QUI TRAVERSE LA LOUISIANE.... Paris: Chez Estienne Robinot..., 1713. xxxiv,386pp. plus large folding map. 12mo. Contemporary French speckled calf, bearing the gilt arms on the front board of Louis-François-Armand (1695-1783), the Duc de la Rochefoucauld, spine richly gilt, raised bands, gilt morocco label. Minor shelf wear. Ink stamp of the Bibliothèque de la Roche-Guyon on titlepage, front free endpaper adhered to pastedown. Internally clean. Near fine.

A handsome copy of one of the premiere accounts of La Salle’s tragic final voyage, compiled from the diary of his close subordinate. The party embarked in 1684, ostensibly to establish a French base at the mouth of the Mississippi as head- quarters for operations, but as well to push as far as possible into the region in order to gain a foothold against the Span- ish. In fact, and via a conscious deceit, the base was established at Espiritu Santo Bay in Texas, where the party spent two years making excursions into the surrounding territory. When expected reinforcements failed to appear, La Salle and his men determined to return to Canada via the Mississippi; however, a member of the expedition assassinated La Salle when they reached the Trinity River, and the company split up. Some of the survivors, including Joutel, pressed on, reaching Canada by way of the Mississippi and Arkansas rivers. Joutel’s diary passed to other hands prior to publication, and the present edition, edited by De Michel, is somewhat abridged. It was published to counter the errors in Tonti’s DERNI- ERES DECOUVERTES... (1697). The complete journal was not published until 1878, as part of Margry’s compilation.

Joutel’s JOURNAL is one of the major works of the period on the region, and “of the three narratives of this journey, those of Joutel, Cavelier, and Douay, the first is by far the best” (Francis Parkman). The splendid map, based on Joutel’s own observations, is the first map showing the results of La Salle’s journeys and provides, for its time, a very accurate delineation of the course of the Mississippi from its northern headwaters to its mouth, as well as that of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence, complete with a beautiful engraved cartouche of Niagara Falls. HOWES J266, “b.” CHURCH 855. RAINES, pp.103-31. CLARK I:14. GREENLY, MICHIGAN, pp.20-21. JONES 149. WAGNER SPANISH SOUTHWEST 79. HARRISSE NOUVELLE FRANCE 750. SABIN 36760. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 713/103. REESE, BEST OF THE WEST 3. $25,000.

In Search of La Pérouse, with Botanical Plates by Redouté

52. Labillardière, Jacques Julien Houten de: RELATION DU VOYAGE À LA RECHERCHE DE LA PÉROUSE, FAIT PAR ORDRE DE L’ASSEMBLÉE CONSTITUANTE PENDANT LES ANNÉES 1791, 1792.... Paris. [1800]. Two text volumes plus atlas. Text volumes: xvi,440; 332,110,[2]pp. Atlas: Title-leaf, folding chart of the Pacific, and forty- three engraved plates. Contemporary half gilt calf and boards. Slight wear to spine of atlas and outer edge of front board, else a fine set.

The first edition of this narrative by the naturalist on the d’Entrecasteaux expedition in search of the great French naviga- tor, La Pérouse, whose party disappeared without a trace in 1788. D’Entrecasteaux’s party searched Australian waters and north to New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, and New Caledonia. Labillardière’s account is particularly interesting for its descriptions and illustrations of Tasmania and the islands mentioned above. The atlas contains important views of these areas by the artist, Piron, as well as fourteen botanical plates engraved by Redouté.

The expedition twice circumnavigated Australia, as well as its island stops, although it was beset by difficulty throughout. D’Entrecasteaux died in Batavia, and news of the French Revolution fragmented the crew and ended the expedition. The papers of the expedition fell into British hands, but were returned under a flag of truce in 1796, and Labillardière was the first to publish his account. “The expedition made several important contributions to geographical knowledge, and the investigations of the naturalists...were of special value” – Ferguson. FERGUSON 308 (octavo text vols). HILL 954. SABIN 38420. DAVIDSON, pp.105-6. $10,000. Some of the Most Important Early Images of Native Americans

53. Le Moyne, Jacques: De Bry, Theodor: BREVIS NARRATIO EORUM QUAE IN FLORIDA AMERICAE PROVI[N]CIA GALLIS ACCIDERUNT...QUAE EST SECUNDA PARS AMERICAE. Frankfurt: Theodor de Bry, 1591 [i.e. 1609]. Engraved title, 2pp. letterpress dedication leaf with integral engraved coat of arms, 2pp. preface with large engraved headpiece, 1p. privilege leaf (verso blank), [8],30, 1p. index (verso blank), letterpress title (dated 1609, verso blank), folding engraved map, 42 leaves (each with half-page engraved illustration and text, printed on recto only), [23] pp. Folio. Bound in 18th-century German mottled calf, gilt, a large centrally-placed gilt coroneted monogram “JGC” on upper cover, the lower cover with a gilt coat of arms surmounted by a coronet, spines gilt with raised bands, dark green morocco labels stamped in gilt. Very good.

The second Latin edition of a seminal illustrated work for early North America, with Jacques Le Moyne’s spectacular im- ages of the region’s Native Americans and a very important map of Florida.

With the publication of this work, together with Hariot’s VIRGINIA, De Bry launched what would later become known as his GRAND VOYAGES. These first two works are without question the most important of the series in terms of their contemporary influence and their historical and ethnographic value to modern scholars and collectors. The text of the BREVIS NARRATIO... describes the earliest French settlements of what are now portions of the United States and are here united by De Bry with engravings based on watercolors by a member of the expedition to the New World. To most of the Old World this work presented the first accurate eyewitness depiction and account of Native Americans.

In the mid-1560s two French expeditions led by Jean Ribault and René Goulaine de Laudonnière sought to establish a Huguenot settlement in Florida. Among those accompanying Laudonnière was Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues: born in Dieppe, France in about 1533, he was appointed artist to the expedition which sailed in April 1564. Arguably the first western artist to visit the New World, Le Moyne recorded the scenery of Florida and the lives of the Timucua Indians in great detail, as well as charting the coastline of Florida and much of present-day South Carolina. Unfortunately, the nascent French colony was seen as a threat by the Spanish, the dominant European power in the region, and in Septem- ber 1565 a force led by Pedro Menendez massacred the French colonists at Fort Caroline. Le Moyne and several others, however, made a miraculous escape.

The story of their struggles was not published until 1588, when, at the instigation of Richard Hakluyt, Laudonnière’s journal was published in Paris. Later that year master engraver and publisher Theodor De Bry traveled to London and met with Le Moyne in an unsuccessful attempt to obtain illustrations of the region to accompany a new edition of Laudon- nière’s journal. Following Le Moyne’s death the following year, De Bry returned to London and purchased the watercolors from his widow. It was on this trip to London that De Bry met Hakluyt, who informed him of the British expeditions to Virginia, shared with him Hariot’s journal and White’s watercolors from the expedition, and suggested the publication of a series of illustrated voyages to America, beginning with Hariot/White and Laudonnière/Le Moyne. De Bry returned to Frankfurt and in 1590 published the former in Latin, German, French and English. The following year he published the latter in Latin and German, presumably having found that there was only a small market for the other languages.

Le Moyne’s extraordinary illustrations of the Florida Indians, which appear on forty-two leaves of this work in their first published form, rank with those of John White as the best visual record of American Indians before the 19th century. They show all aspects of Indian life, including settlements, ceremonies, wars, agriculture, hunting, and preparation of food. They also show scenes of the French settlement and their involvement with the Indians. These images were widely copied for centuries, and many later supposedly original illustrations of American Indians are actually copies of Le Moyne’s illustrations. A full list of the plates appears in Church.

The map, which appeared for the first time with this text, is one of the most elaborate Florida maps of the peninsula to appear in the 16th century, giving the names assigned by the French and Spanish. Cumming provides an elaborate descrip- tion, and John Matthew Baxter describes it as “the most remarkable and important map, which has been preserved from the sixteenth century maps, of that part of the East Coast which lies between Cape Hatteras and Cape Florida. [It is] the first French map to show Florida [and is] considered the most important map of Florida.” SABIN 8784. CHURCH 145. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 609/64. SERVIES 112. CUMMING & DE VORSEY 14. CLARK I:16. $75,000.

The Gettysburg Address Published in New York the Day After the Event

54. [Lincoln, Abraham]: NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE. Vol. XXIII....No. 7,061 [CONTAINING THE GET- TYSBURG ADDRESS]. New York. Nov. 20, 1863. 8pp., printed in six columns, on a single folded sheet. Large folio. Old vertical and horizontal folds, minor fraying to spine. A few small holes along folds or at cross-folds, but none affecting Lincoln’s address. Light occasional foxing and soft creasing. Very good overall. Untrimmed and unopened.

The complete issue of the NEW-YORK TRIBUNE printing the Gettysburg Address on the morning of Nov. 20, 1863, the first possible date of the speech’s printing. The previous day, Lincoln delivered his great address at the dedication of a cemetery on the Gettysburg battlefield four months after the bloody and pivotal battle that turned the tide of the Civil War in favor of the Union. Lincoln’s speech was preceded by an address from Edward Everett, the most famous orator of his day. Everett’s speech took between ninety minutes and two hours to deliver and today is largely forgotten. Lincoln’s speech, delivered in only a few minutes, stands as a supreme distillation of American values and of the sacrifices necessary for the survival of liberty and freedom.

Much controversy surrounds the circumstances and content of the address as it was actually delivered at Gettysburg. The words spoken in the speech differ in the versions appearing in newspapers and the text which appeared in Washington several days later (published as THE GETTYSBURG SOLEMNITIES and known in only four copies) which is now taken as the closest version to Lincoln’s final intent because of its correspondence to the known manuscript versions. Interest- ingly, and according to Carbonell, the text of the first appearance of the speech in book form, published a few days later as AN ORATION DELIVERED ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF GETTYSBURG (MONAGHAN 193), is taken largely from this NEW YORK TRIBUNE printing.

As it appears here, the address corresponds closely to the transcription printed in the same day’s edition of the NEW YORK TIMES, with slight variations in punctuation and capitalization (“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new Nation...,” in the TRIBUNE, versus, “Fourscore and seven years ago our Fathers brought forth on this Continent a new nation...,” in the TIMES, e.g.). The address is printed on the first page at the bottom of the fifth column, running to the top of the sixth. Significantly, it notes the five places during Lincoln’s speech where applause broke out, thereby providing an important historical record of the reception of the speech as it was delivered by Lincoln. It is noted that the conclusion of the speech was met with “long continued applause” and that “three cheers were here given for the President and the Governors of the States.” Lincoln’s speech is preceded by the opening prayer of the Rev. Thomas H. Stockton, and followed by Everett’s speech, which occupies the rest of the sixth column and the vast majority of space on page two. War news occupies the other column space on the front page.

Together with examples from other newspapers of Nov. 20, 1863, this issue of the NEW-YORK TRIBUNE represents the first appearance of any version of the Gettysburg Address in print, although at some variance with the version Lincoln eventually disseminated. The exact order in which the morning editions of November 20 were printed is practically impos- sible to determine at this point, and as Carbonell states, “will almost certainly never be known.” Rightfully so, Carbonell includes all November 20 morning newspaper printings of the Gettysburg Address as his first entry, with no priority. Suffice to say this is as early a printing of one of the foundational documents of American life as one can ever encounter.

“Lincoln’s speech, composed on the train on the way to Gettysburg and written down, according to tradition, on scratch- paper and the backs of envelopes, comprised ten sentences and took only a few minutes to deliver. From the first words – ‘Four score and seven years ago’ – to the last – ‘that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth’ – it is immortal, one of the supreme utterances of the principles of democratic freedom” – PRINTING AND THE MIND OF MAN.

A handsome copy of this rare and important document. CARBONELL 1. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 72 (ref). STREETER SALE 1748 (ref). PRINTING AND THE MIND OF MAN 351 (ref). HOWES E233 (ref). MONAGHAN 192 (ref). Paul M. Angle, “Four Lincoln Firsts” in PAPERS OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, 36, Spring, 1942, pp.13-17. For an outstanding analysis of the structure and im- portance of the Gettysburg Address, see Garry Wills, LINCOLN AT GETTYSBURG (New York, 1992). $9500.

Lincoln’s Amnesty Proclamation: A Most Uncommon and Interesting Printing

55. Lincoln, Abraham: PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. THE FOLLOWING PROCLAMATION IS APPENDED TO THE MESSAGE. PROCLAMATION [caption title]. [N.p., perhaps Virginia. Late 1863 or early 1864]. 3pp., on a single folded sheet. [with:] OATH OF ALLEGIANCE. [N.p., perhaps Harper’s Ferry, Va., 1864]. Single sheet, 3 x 7¾ inches. The OATH affixed to a partial manuscript ledger report recording lost military stores for an unidentified unit in 1863, which is itself glued to the verso of the last blank page of the Amnesty Proclamation. Minor toning, light foxing, some wrinkling. Overall very good. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

An exceedingly rare separate printing – perhaps by a military field press – of President Abraham Lincoln’s December 1863 presidential proclamation offering amnesty to citizens of the Confederacy, providing they take an oath that they “will abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the President made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves” (i.e. the Emancipation Proclamation). The Amnesty Proclamation was issued with President Lincoln’s third Annual Mes- sage to Congress (i.e., State of the Union Address) on December 8, 1863. It was appended (per the language in the title here) to the official printing of that address, but also printed separately.

The present printing, almost certainly executed in the weeks after Lincoln’s State of the Union, was likely hastily composed from the text of the official printing of the proclamation. The work carries no imprint information of any kind and bears the hallmarks of a military field press printing.

Toward the close of 1863, with the Confederate Army in full retreat, discussions in Congress centered on how to restore the Southern states to the Union. “The crisis which threatened to divide the friends of the Union is past,” announced Lincoln. Now it was the duty of Congress to ensure that all citizens in the South, regardless of race, were guaranteed the equal protection of the law. A number of competing proposals emerged from deliberations, but in the end, during his message to Congress on Dec. 8, 1863, Lincoln declared reconstruction of the South a wholly executive responsibility and “offered ‘full pardon...with restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves,’ to all rebels who would take an oath of future loyalty to the Constitution and pledge to obey acts of Congress and presidential proclamations relating to slavery” (Donald, p.471).

Those excluded from taking the oath were the highest ranking members of the Confederacy – government officials, judges, military and naval officers above the rank of army colonel or navy lieutenant, former congressmen, and “all who have engaged in treating colored persons or white persons otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war.” Lincoln further encouraged the southern states to make provisions “in relation to the freed people of such State, which shall recognize and declare their permanent freedom, provide for their education, and which may yet be consistent, as a temporary ar- rangement, with their present condition as a laboring, landless, and homeless class.”

“Lincoln indicated that this was only one plan for reconstructing the rebel South, and while it was the best he could think of for now, he would gladly consider others and possibly adopt them. He might even modify his own classes of pardons, if that seemed warrantable.... Afterward almost everybody but die-hard Democrats seemed happy with the plan” (Oates, p.371).

The proclamation is accompanied by a partially-printed OATH OF ALLEGIANCE dated 1864 and datelined Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. The oath requires the taker to “solemnly swear, that I will support, protect and defend the Constitution and Government of the United States against all enemies....” It is signed in type by Henry A. Urban, Lieutenant and A.D.C. [Aide-de-Camp]. The oath is printed with a blank space for the name of the person taking the oath and the date. There is also a space for people who know the oath-taker and “certify on honor that we know Mr. [blank] to be a true and loyal man to the Federal Government.” The OATH is affixed to a partial manuscript ledger report recording lost military stores for an unidentified unit in 1863

This printing of the Amnesty Proclamation is just as interesting as the government broadside printing or the first pam- phlet printing, as this edition would have also been used in the field by Union troops encountering Confederate rebels. The composition of the beginning of the seventh paragraph is consistent with the first pamphlet printing of the Amnesty Proclamation (Monaghan 191), and not the broadside printing. The text here begins “Therefore I, Abraham Lincoln...”; in the broadside printing, the “Therefore” is present at the end of the preceding paragraph. The simple and somewhat loose execution of the composition seen here is consistent with field press printings, as is the lack of an imprint of any kind. Perhaps this simple production was intended for Union troops to literally hand to Confederate soldiers to read. The presence of the portion of the ledger and the Oath of Allegiance lends credence to the notion that this edition of the Amnesty Proclamation was produced for use by the military.

This printing of the Amnesty Proclamation is not in Monaghan, OCLC, nor in any reference work we could find. In fact, we could find no other three-page editions of the Amnesty Proclamation at all. Surely printed in small numbers to begin with, it is perhaps a unique surviving example. MONAGHAN 191 (ref). SABIN 41162 (note). David Herbert Donald: LINCOLN (New York. [1995]), p.471. Stephen B. Oates: WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE: A LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN (New York. [1977]), p.371. $10,000.

The Program for Lincoln’s Official Funeral Procession in Springfield on May 4, 1865: The Saddest Day in American History

56. [Lincoln, Abraham]: OBSEQUIES OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. ORDER OF [FUN]ERAL PROCESSION [caption title]. [N.p., but almost certainly Springfield, Il. ca. May 3, 1865]. Broadside, 12 x 9 inches. Printed in three columns, edged with a printed black border. Old folds, center vertical fold with some separation. Moderate staining. Still, very good. Framed.

Likely a proof copy of the exceedingly rare broadside announcing the funeral procession for President Abraham Lincoln in Springfield in early May 1865. Struck down by assassin John Wilkes Booth on April 15, 1865, Lincoln’s body lay in state in the White House on April 18, and a ceremonial funeral service took place in Washington, D.C. around noon on April 19. Two days later, President Lincoln’s casket was loaded on a funeral train headed for Springfield, Illinois, stopping at Baltimore, Harrisburg, Philadelphia, New York City, Albany, Buffalo, Cleveland, Columbus, Indianapolis, Michigan City, and Chicago before arriving in Lincoln’s adopted hometown early on the morning of May 3. At this time, Springfield’s population numbered around 15,000, but Lincoln’s funeral train pulled into a town swollen with over 100,000 visiting mourners. Immediately upon arrival, Lincoln’s coffin was transferred by hearse to Representatives’ Hall inside the Illinois Old State Capitol. For the next twenty-four hours, from about ten o’clock in the morning on May 3 to the same time the next day, about 75,000 mourners were allowed to pass by the open coffin of the slain president to pay last respects.

According to the present broadside, President Lincoln’s funeral procession left the Old State Capitol “on Thursday, the 4th Inst., at 10 o’clock a.m., precisely.” The funeral party of over 10,000 people then turned right on 7th Street to pass by the Lincoln family home, and then right up Cook Street to proceed past the Governor’s Mansion before heading north to Oak Ridge Cemetery.

This broadside printing of the order of the procession for Lincoln’s Springfield funeral was probably printed the after- noon of May 3 or possibly even the morning of May 4, the day of the funeral. Surrounded by a heavy black band, the broadside lists all the persons and units involved in the procession, along with their places, and the rules for the day. The entire procession was divided into eight divisions, with Gen. Joseph Hooker acting as Marshal in Chief. The first three divisions of the military escort represented all the elements of the Army and Navy. After them came the attending clergy and Lincoln’s attending physicians. Next was the casket itself, the only wheeled vehicle in the procession, with the pall bearers to each side, followed by Lincoln’s horse, and then the immediate family. Three more military divisions followed, interspersed with government officials, ambassadors, and state officials, followed by delegations from Springfield and other Illinois towns. Next were representatives of various organizations, delegations from colleges, lawyers, doctors, and the press, Masons, Odd Fellows, and firemen, all interspersed with two more military divisions. The final segment of the funeral procession was designated for “Citizens at large” and “Colored Persons.”

The broadside gives directions for locations for the forming up of each group. Only marshals were allowed to be on horseback; all others walked. Bands were under the direction of the Committee on Music. Other particular directions follow, including regulations for the colors of the various scarves worn by the marshals. The text of the document ends with directions to keep the streets through which the procession passes “clear from sidewalk to sidewalk.”

This broadside must have been widely distributed to assist the mourners in Springfield, but like all such ephemeral pieces, few copies have survived. OCLC locates only six, at Indiana University, the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Library, the Boston Athenaeum, the Chapin Library at Williams College, the John Hay Library at Brown University, and the Library Company of Philadelphia. The latter location also attributes the place of printing to Springfield. There is also a copy at the Library of Congress, and a copy formerly owned by noted collector James Copley and previously sold by this firm.

The present copy is likely an early printer’s proof of the broadside, as it lacks the first three letters of the word “FUNERAL” in the title. The Library of Congress copy is also likely a proof, with its variant title omitting the words “ORDER OF.” Both copies also lack the letter “e” in “Order” in the first sentence of text. These errors speak to the haste and stress under which this broadside was surely produced, perhaps the day before, or the very morning of the day when America’s greatest president, the Savior of the Union, and Illinois’ favorite son was laid to rest in a city teeming with seven times its own population in attendance.

A remarkable and moving document, reflecting a moment of national grief perhaps only approached by the John F. Ken- nedy funeral, and memorializing the day when America’s first assassinated president was solemnly committed to the earth. OCLC 5023077, 79462381. $13,750.

The Preferred Edition, Profusely Extra-Illustrated with Manuscripts and Engravings

57. Marshall, John: THE LIFE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE AMERI- CAN FORCES, DURING THE WAR WHICH ESTABLISHED THE INDEPENDENCE OF HIS COUNTRY, AND FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES...TO WHICH IS PREFIXED, AN INTRODUCTION, CONTAINING A COMPENDIOUS VIEW OF THE COLONIES PLANTED BY THE ENGLISH ON THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA. London: Printed for Richard Phillips, 1804-1807. Five volumes. xxxii,458; vii,[1],541,[2]; viii,460; vii,[1],589,[2]; vii,[1],669,[4]pp., including one in-text illustration, plus twelve folding maps and three frontispiece plates. Extra-illustrated with twelve manuscripts and over 240 plates. Quarto. 19th-century three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spines gilt, raised bands. Moderate shelf wear, mostly to bottom edges and corners; joints lightly worn. Bookplate of James Frothingham Hunnewell on each front pastedown. Occasional marginal dampstain to corners of text leaves. Overall very good.

An especially desirable extra-illustrated copy of the first quarto British edition of Marshall’s highly-influential biography of Washington. This is generally considered to be the best edition of Marshall’s life of Washington, due to its handsome printing. This extra-illustrated set is even more desirable for the significant manuscripts and profusion of plates bound in.

A landmark work in the early historiography of the American Revolution and the Federal period, and a biography that did much to shape the view of George Washington and his era for generations. Marshall “became America’s first nationalist historian. He wrote about Washington and the United States as if they were inseparable” (Smith). Written in the early years of his tenure as Chief Justice of the United States, and at the encouragement of his Supreme Court colleague, Bush- rod Washington (George Washington’s nephew), Marshall not only had access to Washington family papers, he had been extremely close with the President in his final years. The text is written in Marshall’s judicious prose, and is particularly strong on the aspects of the Revolution in which Washington participated, and on the partisan politics of the 1790s. Further, a close reading of Marshall’s account of the origins of the Constitution offers insights into the Chief Justice’s own views concerning the Constitution. Volumes two, three, and four cover Washington’s life through the Revolution, and the fifth is a history of his presidency – the concluding volume caused much partisan rancor when published in 1807. Marshall’s history of the colonial period is the subject of the first volume, and it was omitted from later American editions. The maps are mostly concerned with Revolutionary War engagements. Howes calls for ten maps and six plates, but one of those plates is actually an in-text illustration, and the present copy conforms to the list of maps and plates in the rear of the fifth volume, though the Boston map and the frontispieces are bound in slightly different locations.

Jared Sparks, who compiled an edition of Washington’s writings in the 1830s, commented that “after the able, accurate, and comprehensive work of Chief Justice Marshall, it would be presumptuous to attempt a historical biography of Washington” (quoted in Sabin). Thomas Jefferson was an original subscriber to the Philadelphia edition of Marshall’s biography, and viewed it through the partisan politics of the day. In an 1802 letter to Joel Barlow, Jefferson wrote that he expected the work, due out at the time he would stand for re-election to the presidency, to be “written therefore principally with a view to electioneering purposes” (i.e. in contradistinction to Jefferson’s policies). In fact, Jefferson encouraged Barlow to write his own history of the same period, which would correct the expected “perversions of truth” in Marshall’s work. Jefferson’s view of Marshall’s LIFE did not improve with time; he quarreled with it well into old age. The political paranoia cut both ways – Marshall’s publisher was C.P. Wayne, editor of the GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES, a Federalist organ, and he feared that the local postmasters (Jefferson appointees) who were charged with soliciting subscriptions to the work might not have put their hearts into it.

This set is profusely extra-illustrated with twelve original manuscripts and over 240 engravings, portraits, maps, facsimiles of manuscripts and paintings, and other plates, including numerous engravings of George Washington peppered throughout the five volumes. The previous owner of this copy was James Frothingham Hunnewell, a Massachusetts merchant, antiquar- ian, historian, and bibliographer who authored several works, most notably the BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CHARLESTOWN AND BUNKER HILL and the foundational BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Hunnewell had a deep appreciation of New England history and how it related to the larger world, evidenced by his committed service to and involvement with the American Antiquarian Society. The original manuscripts Hunnewell tipped in or pasted into this copy are as follows:

1) Jeremiah Moulton: Autograph letter, signed, from Moulton to Capt. John Storer, regarding supplies and readiness for fighting Indians in Canada. York, Ma. [now York, Me.]. August 9, 1738. [1]p. Minor repairs to verso. Very good. The text of Moulton’s letter relates an order from Pepperrell ordering the British troops in New England to be ready for war with natives in Canada. The text of the letter reads:

“Sir, Having had information That ye Indians seem to be somewhat Uneasey and have express’d themselves as tho’ they intend War with the English in a Short Time and have accordingly made some Preparation by getting a Sup- ply of Ammunition from Canada – It’s tho’t very proper to be in readiness least the Enemy put us to a Surprize and therefore you are Directed to take all Possible care with Speed & see that every Person in your Company be well fixed & Provided with Arms & Ammunition as ye Law Directs. Order from Coll. Pepperrell Jer Moulton.”

The letter is docketed on the verso: “On his Majesty’s Service to Capt. John Storer in Welles.” Moulton autograph material is exceedingly rare in itself, and the current example highlights the ongoing conflict between Native Ameri- cans and English colonists that lasted almost three centuries. George Washington would become intimately involved with fighting Native Americans in the French and Indian War about twenty years later.

2) [Massachusetts Bay]: Autograph manuscript. Boston. March 16, 1743. [1]p. Mounted to paper, old folds. Very good. Manuscript fair copy of a document produced by seven members of the Massachusetts Council acknowledging the Crown’s exchange rate for provincial bills. The text reads:

“Province of the Massachusetts Bay We the subscribers members of His Majestys Council being a Committee Pursuant to a law of this province past’d in the fifteenth year of his present Majestys Reign Entitled an Act to ascertain the value of money and of the Bills of public Credit of this province do certifie that seven shillings & six pence in provincial Bills of the last form & tenour is Equal in value to one ounce of Silver and that one hundred & forty two pounds ten shilling in said Bills is Equal in value to one Hundred pounds Sterling in good bills of Exchange payable in London.”

3) [Capt. John Storer]: Partially-printed muster roll, completed in manuscript, for Storer’s troops in the same year as the Siege of Louisbourg during King George’s War. [January 1745]. [2]pp. With manuscript pay receipts on verso signed by nine colonial troops serving under Storer, all acknowledging wages received on “Jan 15th 1745/46.” Linen repairs along fold lines. Good plus. The Siege of Louisbourg was an important British and British colonial victory achieved towards the end of King George’s War.

4) Capt. John Storer: Autograph letter, signed by Storer to his brother less than a month after the Siege of Louisbourg. Louisbourg. July 18, 1745. [1]p. Minor foxing, old folds. Very good. A contemporary retained copy of a letter of gratitude by Storer to his brother, thanking him for a supply of shoes and in which Storer pines for home. Serving in Louisbourg during the occupation period after the Siege, Storer relates that he and his troops are in need of supplies to fix several homes, as there are “much Repairs to be Done about the Houses, many Broke almost all Down....” In his postscript Storer writes: “If Governour [William] Shirley Should come & yr. Son & mine with him they would See what they cant Conceive But I would not Encourage for fear of any Danger by the way....” The Siege of Louisbourg was an important victory for Gov. Shirley, though he had some organizational troubles in the immediate aftermath of the conflict.

5) Charles Townshend: Letter, signed, from Townshend to the Earl of Egremont, regarding military supplies for the com- panies of Delegall and Musgrave “doing duty in the Island of Guernsey.” [London]: War Office, December 2, 1761. [1] p. Interestingly, the document is bound opposite the portion of Marshall’s text that first mentions the Parliamentary taxation measures that became known as the Townshend Acts.

6) Lord William Howe: Signed letter closing, clipped from a letter to the Right Honorable Lord Sydney. [N.p. N.d.]. The closing reads, “My Lord Your Lordships most humble Servants, Howe,” with two additional signatures below that of Howe.

7) Henry Lee: Partially printed document, signed as a private citizen but during his term as governor of Virginia. [Vir- ginia]. December 1, 1793. [1]p. A promissory note or bond in which Lee agrees to pay James Greenleaf of New York “Two thousand Pounds Current money of Virginia.” The document is counter-signed and attested to by James Kent, and docketed on the verso and signed by Greenleaf. The signature of Maj. Gen. Henry “Light-Horse Harry” Lee is large and clear.

8) Col. Hugh Hughes and John Fisher: Autograph note, signed by Hughes in response to an autograph note by Fisher, both regarding supplies for the American forces during the Revolutionary War. Springfield, Ma. & Fishkill, N.Y. May 16, 1781, with the reply supplied shortly thereafter. [1]p., docketed on verso. Hughes was the assistant quartermaster general for the Continental Army; Fisher served as an assistant deputy quartermaster at Fishkill and was a merchant in New York. Here, Hughes responds to a note by Fisher to send certain supplies of boxes and “two barrels of Liver Oyl” to Gen. Washington and Maj. Gen. Robert Howe. Hughes’ response reads: “Sir, Please to give the Bearer a receipt for the two barrels of oyl & let the other articles for his Excellency be forwarded to N Windsor. Gen’l Howe’s Box may be stored carefully with you – H Hughes.”

9) Timothy Pickering: Autograph note, signed by Pickering to John Fisher, regarding supplies sent to generals Washington and Howe. Newburgh. May 25, 1781. [1]p., docketed on verso. Among the many important roles in which Pickering served during his life, he was at this time the Quartermaster General of the Continental Army. The current order written and signed by him relates directly to the note by Fisher and Hughes above, mentioning the boxes to Gen. Washington and the oil to Gen. Howe, with an additional note on flints being sent to Philadelphia.

10) John Goddard: Autograph letter, signed, from Goddard to Dr. Clement Storer, requesting a surgeon for a voyage, outlining current American naval forces off the Newport coast, mentioning the “treachery of the infamous [Benedict] Arnold,” and providing a detailed account of a training exercise undertaken by the Allied forces of the Americans un- der Christopher Greene and the French forces of Rochambeau. Camp Butts Hill [near Portsmouth], R.I. October 16, 1780. [3]pp. Goddard was a member of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress before the Revolution, and served as a commissary general for the Continental Army, allowing the use of his farm in Brookline for the storage of American military supplies. Dated just three months after Rochambeau and his troops arrived in Newport, Goddard enumerates the force strength on and around Newport:

“...there are about 7500 Men on the Island at the Several ports, 5000 of which are French, at Newport, 2000 Three Months Men, at this place & 500 Continentals, under Col. Greene of this State, stationed at Stoddard’s Farm 3 miles from Newport Northwest. Notwithstanding the Superiority of the English Fleet the French appear to feel very secure their Fleet consisting of seven sail of the Line & three Frigates are drawn up in line of Battle from Tomany Hill across the Channel to Conanicut. The Town of Newport is surrounded with Forts which are well filled with Cannon, on the whole I believe there is no Reason to fear an Attack from the Enemy this season.”

Goddard then details a training battle organized between the Continental forces and the newly-arrived French Army:

“I had like to have forgot to mention a famous Sham Battle on the 2d Inst. between a party of the French Troops on one part representing the English, & the Continental Regt’ reinforced by a party of French & the German Line repre- senting the allied Armies, the particulars I have not time to give you in full shall only mention a few of the principals, Maj. Gen’l Viaumino [sic] [Charles Joseph Hyacinthe du Houx de Vioménil] second in Command in the French Army [under Rochambeau] commanded the English who landed at Stoddard’s Farm & marched up & attained Col. Greene’s Reg’t. The line began with skirmishing between the Flank Guards light horse &c. soon after a heavy cannonade on the part of the British obliged Col. Greene to retreat & form his Reg. behind a Wall where the resistance was obstinate & a constant fire kept uphill. Col. Greene was reinforced with about 2000 French & Germans commanded by his Excellency Count de Rochambeau with 12 pieces of Cannon, a severe conflict ensued in which the British gave way were finally surrounded & all made prisoners, the Action lasted about two hours during which a constant heavy fire was kept up – if I have any just Idea of a real Action this very nearly resembles it.”

Accounts of Revolutionary War battles are rare in letters; rarer still are training exercises described in such detail. Of further interest here is the notion that this “Sham Battle” likely involved African-American troops, as Col. Christopher Greene was known to enlist freedmen and slaves in his regiments.

11) James Madison: Cut portion of a ship’s papers, signed by Madison as Secretary of State. [N.p. N.d.]. [1]p. A three- language ship’s paper pertaining to the brig Henry out of New Haven.

12) Thomas Jefferson: Cut portion of a ship’s papers, signed by Jefferson as President of the United States. December 26, 1805. [1]p. This three-language ship’s paper pertains to the schooner Fanny out of Guilford, bound for the West Indies. Jefferson’s signature is large and bold at bottom right.

A sampling of the extra plates in the first volume include the “Landing of Columbus” (and a portrait of him), portraits of Queen Elizabeth, Raleigh, Lord Baltimore, Drake, John Locke, William Penn, James Wolfe, the landing in Virginia (Andrews & Wagstaff, after Seth Eastman), a scene during the Pequot War, a scene featuring Pepperrell at the Siege of Louisbourg, a view of the taking of Quebec, and a portrait of John Marshall.

The inserted plates in the second volume include a scene of George Washington on his “mission to the Ohio,” “Washington and Gist Visit Queen Aliquippa,” “The Fall and Defeat of Gen’l. Braddock,” a steel engraving of “The Battle of Bunker Hill” printed by Fanshaw with the additional key to identifying the participants, Fanshaw’s steel engraving and key for “The Declaration of Independence,” “Washington Taking Command of the Army,” “View of the Ruins of Fort Ticond- eroga,” “Washington Crossing the Delaware,” three depictions of the Battle of Princeton, views of Boston, Philadelphia, and New York during the Revolutionary period, a handful of maps showing the military situation around New York during the Revolution, and portraits of the Earl of Loudoun, Martha Washington, Robert Walpole, Thomas Grenville, Patrick Henry, John Hancock as “President of the American Congress,” Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Adams, Philip Schuyler, Wil- liam Moultrie, Richard Henry Lee, Israel Putnam, and others.

The additional engravings in the third volume include numerous portraits of notables such as Horatio Gates, Admiral Peter Parker, Richard Montgomery, John Trumbull, Benjamin Lincoln, David Wooster, Anthony Wayne, Alexander Hamilton, the Marquis de Lafayette, George Clinton, Nathanael Greene, Henry Laurens, Thomas Jefferson, as well as views of the “City of Washington in 1800,” Washington and Lafayette at Valley Forge, “The Bivouac at Monmouth,” a plan of the street grid of Philadelphia, among others.

Extra plates in the fourth volume include portraits of Frederick North, Benjamin Franklin, William Moultrie, Lord Raw- don, Otho Holland Williams, Timothy Pickering, Lord Rodney, Benedict Arnold, Major André, Francis Marion, John Jay, Baron von Steuben, Robert Morris, Jonathan Trumbull, and others; views of the Hudson River from West Point, views of Fort Nonsense, Fort Putnam, the storming of Stony Point, the Battle of Camden, the Battle of Cowpers; several plates illustrating the affair of Major André; a handful of plates illustrating the American victory at Yorktown; and maps showing the Siege of Charleston, the positions of the Southern Armies, and the Battle of Yorktown.

Additional plates in the final volume include portraits of Oliver Ellsworth, John Adams, John Dickinson, James Madison, Roger Sherman, Fisher Ames, Andrew Jackson, Thomas Pinckney, Rufus King, William Bradford, and others, plus views of Washington’s Inaugural and Washington’s Tomb, and a few other commemorative engravings.

An extraordinary extra-illustrated copy of Marshall’s epic biography of the American Cincinnatus. HOWES M317, “aa.” SABIN 44788. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 92 (ref). LARNED 1561 (American ed). SOWERBY 496 (note). Jean Edward Smith, JOHN MARSHALL: DEFINER OF A NATION, pp.328-33. $22,500.

History of Franciscan Missions in the Far East

58. Martinez, Domingo: COMPENDIO HISTORICO DE LA APOSTOLICA PROVINCIA DE SAN GREGO- RIO DE PHILIPINAS, DE RELIGIOSOS MENORES DESCALZOS DE N. P. SAN FRANCISCO.... Madrid: En la Imprenta de la Viuda de Manuel Fernandez, 1756. Three parts bound in one volume. [28],342; 116; 248pp., printed in double columns. Folio. Contemporary limp vellum, lacking ties, manuscript spine title. Spine darkened, minor chipping at edges, marca de fuego of the Colegio de San Fernando de Ciudad de México on top edge. Scattered marginal foxing, stain in lower outer corners of some leaves. Very good.

First edition of this important history of Franciscan explorations and missionary work in the Far East. Martinez chronicles Spanish evangelizing missions to settlements in the Philippines, China, and Japan. The first book pertains to the Philip- pines, with historical background on the conquest and early exploration of the islands, plus extensive information on the indigenous peoples and their customs. The second book centers on China, while the third book focuses on Japan; both accounts cover early contact with the native peoples, the establishment of missions, local customs, the religious develop- ment of the area, and more. A rare title, with healthy institutional holdings but scant appearances in the trade. PALAU 154271. MAGGS BIBLIOTECA AMERICANA 774. CORDIER, JAPONICA 440. RETANA 309. MEDINA, PHILIPPINES 483. STREIT VI, 1107. $8500.

Important Source for Primary Material on the New World

59. Martyr, Peter; Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo; and Giovanni Ramusio: [SUMMARIO DE LA GENERAL HIS- TORIA DE L’INDIE OCCIDENTALI...(title on verso of first leaf)]. Venice. 1534. 79; 64,[2]; [15] leaves. Double-sheet map. Woodcut illustrations in text. Contemporary vellum, manuscript title on spine, raised bands. Neat bookplate on front pastedown, old bookseller’s label on rear pastedown. Contemporary ownership signature on front free endpaper. Title-leaf and first leaf of text remargined, not affecting text. Slight dampstaining in upper outer corner of first thirty-four leaves. Closed tear in leaf 56. Occasional contemporary ink notations in margins, manuscript start of an index on rear fly leaf. Two small burn holes in map, not affecting any printed area. Overall very good. In a half brown morocco and cloth slipcase.

This important collection of voyages and narratives is the work of several authors, although most bibliographers attribute it to Peter Martyr, a translation of whose work makes up the first section. The present volume is one of the first attempts anywhere to assemble a group of accounts of travel and exploration. It was probably assembled for publication by the Venetian, Giovanni Ramusio, later famous for his much larger collection, NAVIGATIONI..., which began publication in 1554. Only the Montalboddo collection precedes it as a collection of voyage narratives outside Europe. This is the first collection to focus entirely on the New World.

The HISTORIA... is divided into three books. The first part is made up of material from the DECADES of Peter Martyr, drawn from the edition of 1530, the first complete edition to present all eight Decades. The second and most important part is drawn from the first published work of the great historian and chronicler of the early West Indies, Gonzalo Fer- nandez de Oviedo’s DE LA NATURAL HYSTORIA DE LAS INDIAS (Toledo, 1526). Since that pioneering work of American natural history (which is a completely different book from Oviedo’s later HISTORIA GENERAL...) is virtually unobtainable today, the present 1534 publication is the only form in which the first work of Oviedo can be had. Oviedo’s observations are the first accurate reports of New World plants and animals. He also provides one of the first accounts of Bermuda, where he tried to land while en route to Spain in 1515, only to be driven off by adverse winds. The distinction of being the first obtainable edition is also true of the third part, a translation of an anonymously written tract entitled LA CONQUISTA DE PERU, first published in Seville, also in 1534, of which only three copies survive. It gives the text of the tract in full. Both are among the first published accounts of the conquest of Peru.

The woodcuts in the text are both drawn from the work of Oviedo and made up by the Venetian printers. They are some of the earliest published images of the New World based on actual experience, as opposed to the fantasies of European woodcut artists. There is also a handsome double-page woodcut map of Hispaniola, an extremely early piece of detailed New World cartography.

The earliest voyage collection focusing on the New World, a work of tremendous importance in the dissemination of knowledge of America to Europe. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 534/28. HARRISSE 190. CHURCH 69. ARENTS 3. JCB (3)I:114. SABIN 1565. STREETER SALE 13. $48,000.

A Classic Work of Colonial American Astronomy

60. Mather, Increase: KOMETOGRAPHIA, OR A DISCOURSE CONCERNING COMETS; WHEREIN THE NATURE OF BLAZING STARS IS ENQUIRED INTO...AS ALSO TWO SERMONS OCCASIONED BY THE LATE BLAZING STARS. Boston in New-England: Printed by S.G. for S.S., 1683. [8],38,[2],32,[14],143,[3]pp. Near- contemporary full sheep. Spine head a bit chipped, minor scuffing, some edge wear and light staining to boards. Bound with blanks A1 and K8, as issued, with the two sermons, HEAVENS ALARM TO THE WORLD, and THE LATTER SIGN, each with separate titlepages, jointly collated separate from KOMETOGRAPHIA, this being the second impres- sion of HEAVENS ALARM. Occasional minor staining or toning, minor loss to bottom corner of leaf C7 of HEAVENS ALARM, handful of leaves in KOMETOGRAPHIA trimmed close or with minor loss at edges, affecting page numbers, catchwords, or marginal notes, leaf G7 with horizontal closed tear into the text, leaf K6 with minor loss along fore edge. Contemporary and later ink notations on a few leaves, including ownership inscriptions in 1685 and 1740. Overall, in good condition. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth box, spine gilt.

A landmark work in the development of astronomy and empirical science in the British colonies in the New World, with the full complement of texts, and infrequently found thus.

Increase Mather’s KOMETOGRAPHIA... and THE LATTER SIGN were prompted by the appearance of Halley’s Comet over North America in 1682. Mather had written HEAVENS ALARM on the occasion of a 1680 comet, and these works demonstrate not only Mather’s interest in science and natural phenomenon, but his attempts to reconcile scientific observa- tion with religious faith. In the KOMETOGRAPHIA..., however, we find a work of a character wholly different from the two other sermons – a treatise on the nature and history of “blazing stars,” written at a distance somewhat removed from their theological significance, and incorporating observations on the trajectory and physical demeanor of Halley’s Comet (the former recorded by Boston printer John Foster). The work also includes allusions to the latest opinions on comets, and references to, among others, Kepler, Hevel, Tyco Brahe, and Robert Hooke. Mather intended his treatise for both the ordinary reader and one with some background in the complexities of contemporary astronomy. For the former, he included accounts of previous appearances by comets, along with some discussion of the events they were said to presage. For the latter, more sophisticated reader, Mather recorded “some things of the nature, place; motion of Comets, which only such as have some skill in Astronomy can understand.”

Of this work, Mather’s biographer, K.B. Murdock, states: “Both Halley and Newton completed their scientific pioneering in regard to comets, after 1680. In writing his KOMETOGRAPHIA...Mather was a contemporary student of the same phenomena...his book quite defies the classification as one which ‘supports the theological cometary theory fully.’ Instead, his doctrine is most cautiously expressed...He accepts some of the newest scientific tenets, and his attempt to combine them with his religious views results in a position held by others for a century after him, and not wholly abandoned today...in the matter of comets, Mather was in the front rank of his time.”

A truly stellar work, and one of the most celebrated 17th century American imprints, seldom found in with its two adjoin- ing pamphlets or with all blanks, as in this copy. HOLMES, INCREASE MATHER 67A,62B1. CHURCH 682. EVANS 352. SABIN 46696. MURDOCK, INCREASE MATHER, pp.145-47. $25,000. The Great Mirror of Folly: The Mississippi Bubble and the Founding of Louisiana

61. [Mississippi Bubble]: HET GROOTE TAFEREEL DER DWAASHEID. VERTOONENDE DE OPKOMST, VOORTGANG EN ONDERGANG DER ACTIE, BUBBEL EN WINDNEGOTIE, IN VRANKRYK, ENGELAND, EN DE NEDERLANDEN, GEPLEEGT IN DEN JAARE MDCCXX.... [Translation: THE GREAT MIRROR OF FOLLY, SHOWING THE RISE, PROGRESS, AND DOWNFALL OF THE BUBBLE IN STOCKS AND WINDY SPECULATION, ESPECIALLY IN FRANCE, ENGLAND, AND THE NETHERLANDS IN THE YEAR 1720...]. [Amsterdam]. 1720. Title-leaf, 25,[1],52,31,[1],8,10pp. plus seventy-five plates (forty-seven double page, sixteen folding) including frontispiece, and three maps. Large folio. Contemporary paneled calf, ornate gilt covers and spine, black gilt morocco label. Remarkably clean and bright. Bookseller’s label pasted to front free endpaper. An excellent copy, with ad- ditional engraved plate laid in.

One of the great satirical plate books of the 18th century, directing its invective at the Mississippi Company of John Law, and the wild speculation and financial collapse engendered by the pioneering stock issuance of the company. The Neth- erlands was a particular hotbed of speculation, with over 350 million guilders invested in the scheme before its collapse. The plates and their accompanying text, in prose and poetry, begin with a portrait of John Law and follow the course of the speculation in ludicrous and sometimes obscene images. It is a remarkable final chapter to the literature of Law and the Mississippi speculation.

“The book is divided into six sections, with no general table of contents. The first part contains the articles of various Dutch companies. The second section consists of comedies and farces; the third part, poems, often containing street language; the fourth part, descriptions of playing cards satirizing speculators; the fifth part, four letters to ‘N.N.’; and the sixth section, chiefly pictures, although pictures appear elsewhere in the book as well” – BOUND TO PLEASE.

This book has always been a bibliographically perplexing one, with no two copies seeming to collate alike. Sabin states that copies have anywhere from sixty to seventy-four plates, but ignores the supplementary series. Even Cole, the most diligent student of the book, notes: “Rarely does a single volume combine in itself so much economic interest and so many bibliographical puzzles.” BOUND TO PLEASE 5. SABIN 28932. Cole, THE GREAT MIRROR OF FOLLY. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 720/114. GOLDSMITH 5879. HOWES G442. MULLER, AMERICA 1503. $12,500.

Rare and Important Mexican Incunable, from the Second Press in the New World

62. Molina, Alonso de: VOCABVLARIO EN LENGVA CASTELLANA Y MEXICANA. Mexico: Antonio de Spinosa, 1571. Two parts bound in one volume. [4],121,[1]; [2],162 leaves. Large woodcuts on titlepages and final leaves of each part, woodcut initials throughout. Folio. Slightly later full sprinkled calf, gilt ruled, gilt leather label; recased with 19th-century marbled endpapers, original endpapers preserved. Hinges rubbed but solid, edges and corners bumped. First titlepage re- margined, with repaired losses not affecting image or text. Titlepage of second part lacking lower margin containing imprint information, supplied in facsimile. Final leaf with some loss at edges, similarly repaired with minor text loss supplied in facsimile. A few other small paper repairs to initial leaves, sometimes affecting text. Scattered contemporary manuscript annotations, consisting predominantly of manicules. Text trimmed close, occasionally affecting foliation numbers. A few small, marginal worm holes, an occasional light fox mark or small patch of dampstaining. Overall, a very good copy of an often well-used book, almost always found imperfect.

Fray Alonso de Molina, a noteworthy Franciscan scholar, compiled the first dictionary in the New World and saw the first edition printed in Mexico in 1555. That is a legendary rarity. The present work is the second edition, and the first complete one, containing the second part, a Nahuatl-to-Spanish section that the first edition of this dictionary, consisting only of a Spanish-to-Nahuatl word list, did not have. This is the first edition that the Spaniards could have used, not only to speak with the Nahua peoples, but also to understand them. It is one of the most noteworthy and important works produced in the first generation of printing in the New World.

Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, was the chief imperial tongue of pre-conquest Mexico. The Aztecs spread its use as they expanded out of central Mexico, conquering neighboring people after neighboring people. The Spanish religious scholars who arrived almost coevally with the Spanish military conquest of Mexico began studying Nahuatl as a medium of religious conquest, and spread its use even further than had the Aztecs. Various works, including catechisms, collections of sermons, and other doctrinal publications, were written and printed in Nahuatl. All are now rare and much sought after, but none are so rare and coveted as the works of the 16th century.

Books printed in Mexico before 1601 are often labeled “Mexican incunables,” and they represent some of the finest printing from the earliest presses in the New World. The work at hand is from the shop of Antonio de Espinosa, a Spanish-born artisan who worked for Juan Pablos, the first printer in the New World, from 1550 until 1558, serving Pablos as a type- cutter and general pressman. With royal permission in 1599 he became the second printer in the New World.

This work is a handsome example of Espinosa’s typographic skill. It is printed in a clear roman type in double-column, folio format, and each section of the alphabetic divisions of the dictionary begins with a handsome and large woodcut initial. While this example contains several noticeable repairs, it demonstrates well the heavy use and tribulations virtually all copies of this important book suffered, and the work is almost always encountered in a much more dilapidated state than the present one. Indeed, this is the most complete copy yet handled by this firm. A wonderful survival, covetable as a worthy example of scholarship, missionary zeal, and early New World typography.

A fine representation of early New World printing. MEDINA, MEXICO 65. GARCIA ICAZBALCETA XVI, 68. CHURCH 116. SABIN 49867. WAGNER, NUEVA BIB- LIOGRAFIA 60. STOLS, ANTONIO DE ESPINOSA 13. VALTON, IMPRESOS MEXICANOS DEL SIGLO XVI, 13. GARCIA ICAZBALCETA, LENGUAS 49. LEON-PORTILLA, TEPUZTLAHCUILOLLI 1898. NEWBERRY LIBRARY, AYER COLLECTION, NAHUATL 143. $85,000.

The Rare Second Edition of New England’s Memorial

63. Morton, Nathaniel: NEW ENGLAND’S MEMORIAL, OR A BRIEF RELATION OF THE MOST MEMORABLE AND REMARKABLE PASSAGES OF THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD MANIFESTED TO THE PLANTERS OF NEW ENGLAND IN AMERICA.... Boston: Daniel Henchman, 1721. [10],248,[1]pp. Polished calf, ruled in gilt, spine richly gilt with raised bands, morocco labels, gilt inner dentelles, a.e.g., by Pratt for Henry Stevens, 1859. Titlepage in expert pen facsimile. Hinges a bit tender, modern bookplate on front pastedown. Margins of leaves A2, A3, and A4 expertly repaired with no loss to text. Other than the facsimile, a near fine copy. In a cloth slipcase.

The second edition of one of the most important New England books, practically as rare as the first of 1669. Morton was the nephew of William Bradford, governor of the Plymouth Colony, and much of this book, valuable for its history of the colony, was drawn from Bradford’s papers which had passed into his possession. Generally considered one of the foundation works of New England history, and the first secular book published in New England, it is probably also the first secular book to be reprinted, a tribute to its enduring interest. “This second edition contains a supplement by Josiah Cotton, register of deeds for the county of Plymouth” – Sabin. There are two issues of this reprint, revealing of Boston book-trade practice of the time, since one bills the successful bookseller, Henchman, as publisher, and the other his less successful competitor, Nicholas Boone.

The first edition of Morton has become virtually unobtainable, and even the Siebert collection lacked a copy. This edition is in many ways equally important. HOWES M851 “b.” VAIL 336. SABIN 51013. EVANS 2267. $5750.

“This is pre-eminently the birth-day of womanhood”

64. [National Woman Suffrage and Educational Committee]: Hooker, Isabella Beecher, et al.: AN APPEAL TO THE WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES BY THE NATIONAL WOMAN SUFFRAGE AND EDUCATION COMMITTEE, WASHINGTON, D.C. [caption title]. [Hartford: Case, Lockwood & Brainard, Printers, ca. April 19, 1871]. 4pp. on a single folded quarto sheet. Some edge wear, soft diagonal crease, bottom corner chipped, short split at top of fold. Moderate foxing. Overall very good.

An unrecorded, and likely earlier variant of a rare publication by the National Woman Suffrage and Educational Commit- tee, published in Hartford just after the group’s national convention in Washington, D.C. and ahead of the group’s next national convention on May 11, 1871 in New York City. The text boldly “calls upon all women who love their children and their country” to take up the cause of suffrage, asserting that “This is pre-eminently the birth-day of womanhood.”

The main thrust of the text argues for women’s suffrage on a Constitutional basis, asserting that women were already granted full citizenship and the right to vote under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. The authors call for women to assert their right to vote by going to the polls and, if necessary, by suing in court. This last point was a strat- egy developed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and other suffragists to seek remedy for the right to vote through the judicial system, a strategy that came to be known as the “New Departure.” The National Woman Suffrage and Educational Committee was formed, in large part, to carry out this new strategy.

The present text calls for “some test case be brought upon full consultation with the National Committee, that the ablest counsel may be employed and the expenses paid out of the public fund.” The most notable test case of the New Depar- ture came the next year, when Susan B. Anthony registered to vote in Rochester, New York, and then cast a ballot in the 1872 presidential election. She was arrested for her “crime,” and the resulting trial saw Anthony convicted of illegally voting, for which she was ordered to pay a $100 fine. Anthony never paid the fine, nor was she ever penalized further for refusing to do so.

The text also prints the group’s “Declaration and Pledge of the Women of the United States concerning their Right to and their Use of the Elective Franchise,” which was adopted at their first national convention in January 1871. The dec- laration reads, in part:

“We, the undersigned, believing that the sacred rights and privileges of citizenship in this Republic were guaranteed to us by the original Constitution, and that these rights are confirmed and more clearly established by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, so that we can no longer refuse solemn responsibilities thereof, do hereby pledge ourselves to accept the duties of the franchise in our several States, so soon as all legal restrictions are removed.”

The text continues by reporting the creation of the board of the National Woman Suffrage and Educational Committee, with an office in Washington, D.C., “proposed to make the centre of all action upon Congress and the country,” and a call to distribute “thousands and thousaads [sic] more” suffrage-related publications across the country. The text ends with a fundraising call, specifically for women to send in their names, recorded by the Secretary in a Pledge Book, and suggested donations of $1, along with a request for donations to establish a printing fund, to publish “a series of tracts on subjects vitally affecting the welfare of the country.”

The text is dated April 19, 1871, and signed in print at the end by the officers and notable members of the National Woman Suffrage and Educational Committee. These include Isabella Beecher Hooker (President), Josephine S. Griffing (Secretary), Mary B. Bowen (Treasurer), Paulina Wright Davis, Ruth Carr Denison and Susan B. Anthony.

The nature of the variance in this printing of the pamphlet lies in the first page, which contains a brief notice rather than a formal titlepage. The second, third, and fourth pages containing the text are the same settings of type as in the issues with the printed titlepage, down to the misspelling of the word “thousaads” in the last sentence of the penultimate para- graph on the last page. The first page of all known copies of this work have a normal printed titlepage listing the title, the committee members, and an imprint for Case, Lockwood & Brainard in Hartford, dated 1871; instead of a titlepage, the present copy carries the following printed note in place of the titlepage:

“It would be regarded as a great favor if Editors receiving this Appeal will insert it in their papers on or soon after the 25th of April, and also give notice that a National Woman Suffrage Convention will be held in New York, on the 11th and 12th of May, under the auspices of this Committee.”

Given that the end of the text is dated April 19, 1871, and the printed notice indicates the committee was trying to get newspaper editors to print this text within the next week, it is logical to assume that this variant was actually printed first, before the version with the printed titlepage. This printing of the text with the notice to the Editors was time-sensitive, and likely printed first to facilitate the text’s dispersal to the various news outlets targeted by the committee. Then, af- terwards, the full titlepage was typeset and the work was printed for wider distribution, including the national convention in New York that May. Also given that this version of the pamphlet was sent to newspaper editors, few copies would have survived the process of the newspaper using the publication as a compositor’s copy of their own newspaper text; therefore, this version is likely far rarer than the one with the printed titlepage.

Krichmar records the version of the publication with the printed titlepage, but does not mention this version. We can find no other copies of this version with the note to editors on the first page. A rare and very early printing of a fundamental document in the women’s suffrage movement. KRICHMAR 1866 (ref). Stanton, et al., HISTORY OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE II, p. 485. $6750.

The Last New Orleans “Blue Book”

65. [New Orleans]: BLUE BOOK [wrapper title]. [New Orleans. ca. 1913 – 1915]. [96]pp., printed throughout in red and black. 12mo. Original printed pale blue wrappers, expertly rebacked in matching blue paper. Soft vertical crease to text, minor toning, upper outer corner of one leaf repaired. Very good.

The last edition of the series of guides to the bawdy houses and prostitutes of New Orleans, issued between 1900 and 1915, and known collectively as the “Blue Books” of Storyville. Heartman identifies this is as the twelfth or thirteenth edition. Pamela Arceneaux, in GUIDEBOOKS TO SIN, condenses Heartman’s last two editions into the same print run, having compared Heartman’s two editions and finding them identical. Arceneaux further believes that this edition could have been printed as early as 1913, based on intertextual clues found during her research, cross-referenced with contemporary New Orleans city directories.

The red-light district of New Orleans operated in a very public way until the U.S. government suppressed it at the time of the American entrance into the First World War. This guide lists women by address, followed by advertisements for brothels; all interspersed with advertisements for liquor and cigars. Included lists of burlesque houses, names of landla- dies, and names of prominent women in the trade. The prostitutes are often identified by race, most commonly white, black, and octoroon.

The earliest such guide appeared about 1896, and they were produced almost annually from 1900 to 1915. During this period, all of the guides issued under the title BLUE BOOK were the product of Billy Struve, allegedly from the second floor of Lulu White’s saloon at the corner of Basin Street and Bienville (though that story is likely apocryphal). More likely, Struve assembled the BLUE BOOKS from his management offices at Anderson’s (a saloon owned by the “Mayor of Storyville,” Tom Anderson, located at the corner of Basin and Iberville) where, according to the city directories, he also resided for most of the Storyville years. An advertisement for Tom Anderson’s New Cabaret and Restaurant is found on the rear wrapper of this edition. The two photographs include the facade of Emma Johnson’s famous “Studio” and a portrait of the Oriental Danseuse, Rita Walker.

Owing to their content and heavy use, all BLUE BOOK guides are extremely rare. A nice example. HEARTMAN, BLUE BOOKS XII/XIII. ARCENEAUX, GUIDEBOOKS TO SIN 10. $2750. The New York Governor’s Election of 1804: A Precursor to the Burr-Hamilton Duel

66. [New York]: [Burr, Aaron]: [CONTEMPORARY MANUSCRIPT RECORD OF RETURNS FROM NEW YORK CITY AND SURROUNDING COUNTIES IN THE 1804 NEW YORK STATE ELECTION FOR GOV- ERNOR AND LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR, A RACE IN WHICH ALEXANDER HAMILTON OPPOSED THE ELECTION OF AARON BURR, A CONFLICT THAT HELPED LEAD TO THEIR DUEL THREE MONTHS LATER]. [New York. 1804]. [4]pp. on two folio sheets, each 15½ x 13 inches. A bit of light foxing, moderate edge wear. One sheet with shadow from (now removed) tape. Very good.

A very detailed and highly informative record of returns in the April, 1804 New York gubernatorial election, which pitted then-Vice President Aaron Burr against Morgan Lewis, and which served as an accelerant for the developing feud between Burr and Alexander Hamilton that culminated in Hamilton’s murder by Burr in a duel just three months later.

When it became evident that Thomas Jefferson would not retain Burr on the 1804 presidential ticket, Burr decided to return to New York and run for governor. At the time, political parties in New York State were splintering, and some New York Federalists decided to support the Democratic-Republican Burr. Alexander Hamilton, a leader of the “High Federalists” in New York strongly opposed Burr, part of a long-standing political opposition that joined the personal en- mity the two had felt toward each other for years. Hamilton was joined in opposition to Burr by the incumbent Governor George Clinton, a prominent Democratic-Republican who supported former state Attorney General Morgan Lewis for the New York governor’s seat. Hamilton and Clinton engaged in a campaign in print and in drawing rooms against Burr’s election that effectively scuttled Burr’s chances and helped result in a landslide defeat. Some anti-Burr remarks made by Hamilton had been printed in local newspapers during the campaign, leading Burr to demand an apology and - failing to receive that - satisfaction on the dueling grounds.

The returns given here list the number of votes garnered by each candidate for governor and lieutenant governor in the nine wards of New York City and the counties of Westchester, Richmond, Suffolk, Queens, Kings, Dutchess, and Rockland. Putnam and Nassau counties, which lie within the geographic region of these returns, were not created until 1812 and 1899 respectively. Though covering only this specific geographic region of New York State, these four pages of returns appear to be complete as they were prepared. Returns for each county are given in full, there are no partial or incom- plete records, and the lower third of the fourth page is blank, with plenty of room to note records from another county if they were meant to be recorded here. The style and characteristics of the writing (there are cross-outs, corrections, and marginal notes written in between columns) lead us to believe that this was not copied from a later or printed source, but created from contemporary results taken shortly after the voting. We can find no printed source that gives as detailed a record of votes in the 1804 New York gubernatorial election as are found in the present manuscript.

Burr’s running mate was Oliver Phelps, a Revolutionary war veteran, politician, and land speculator, and Lewis’s was John Broome, a prominent merchant and New York City political figure. The results for each candidate are recorded for each of the nine wards of Manhattan, and for a number of localities in each county, from twenty-one towns and villages in Westchester County to four communities in each of Richmond and Rockland counties. The results show that Burr was strongest in New York City, edging Morgan Lewis by 100 votes in Manhattan, but losing in nearly every other county, from a narrow deficit of three votes in Richmond County to a trouncing loss of 502 to 60 votes in Rockland County. Burr did win Dutchess County by a narrow margin of 52 votes (1461 to 1409), but he lost on Long Island’s Suffolk County by a huge margin, garnering only 286 votes to Lewis’s 1303. In the end, Morgan Lewis bested Aaron Burr in the region by 6,875 votes to 4,873, a percentage that mirrored the statewide margin of 58% for Lewis versus 41% for Burr.

The returns also record the number of gubernatorial votes garnered by others in the same 1804 election (presumably write- in votes), including James Kent (who succeeded Morgan Lewis as Chief Justice of the New York State Supreme Court in 1804), Egbert Benson, John Lansing, Republican operative and newspaper editor, James Cheetham, and even the important political theorist, Tunis Wortman. A second column in the returns gives the vote tallies for two other New York State positions: State Senator for the “Middle District” (the race won by Samuel Brewster over Stephen Hogeboom and Peter Van Ness) and for the “Southern District,” with William Denning triumphing over five other candidates.

An important historical record of a highly-significant New York governor’s election, the loss of which incensed Aaron Burr and led to his duel with Alexander Hamilton. $6500.

Paine’s Exhortation at a Crucial Moment in the Revolution

67. [Paine, Thomas]: THE AMERICAN CRISIS. NUMBER III. By the Author of COMMON SENSE. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by Styner and Cist, [1777]. pp.[2],27-56. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, bound in antique style, spine gilt lettered. Titlepage trimmed, slightly repaired at fore-edge. Light tanning and dampstaining. About very good.

The very rare third part of the series by Paine, written to boost the morale of American troops. The pamphlet is dated “Philadelphia, April 19, 1777” at the end of the text. The verso of the titlepage prints proclamations by Gen. George Washington dated April 6 and 8, 1777, offering pardons to all army deserters who rejoin their corps before May 15, 1777. Paine thus wrote the pamphlet in mid-April 1777.

In the text Paine predicts that Philadelphia will be a target of the British armies, as indeed it was that summer. Paine also warns of the consequence of a British victory over the rebellious colonists: “Britain, like a gamester nearly ruined, hath now put all her losses into one bet, and is playing a desperate game for the total. If she wins, she wins from ME my life; she wins the continent as the forfeited property of rebels; the right of taxing those that are left as reduced subjects; and the power of binding them as slaves.” Paine goes on to argue that complete independence is the only path forward.

The separate pamphlet editions of THE AMERICAN CRISIS, all of which are rare, were printed in various cities and towns, and all seem to be distinguished by having caption titles only. The older references, such as Evans and Howes, describe the Philadelphia printings of Parts I-III, but later findings by Edwin Wolf 2nd and R.W.G. Vail have uncovered other early editions of this vitally important American political work. See especially Wolf’s explanation of the various Philadelphia editions of the first three parts of THE AMERICAN CRISIS printed by Styner and Cist (“Evidence Indicat- ing the Need for Some Bibliographical Analysis of American-Printed Historical Works” in PBSA 63 [1969], pp.266-68). Accordingly, the present copy is the second state. GIMBEL 20. SHIPTON & MOONEY 15494. HOWES P16. SABIN 58207. EVANS 15494. HILDEBURN 3595. ESTC W31713. REESE, REVOLUTIONARY HUNDRED 46. $27,500.

“...it is a curious paradox that enlightened nations should have less sense than enlightened individuals.”

68. Paine, Thomas: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM THOMAS PAINE TO WILLIAM PETTY, FOR- MER EARL OF SHELBURNE AND PRESENTLY THE 1st MARQUESS OF LANSDOWNE, CONCERNING THE CURRENT PRECARIOUS POLITICAL SITUATION BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE]. London. November 20, 1787. [3]pp., on a folded folio sheet, docketed on the blank fourth page. Old folds, minor toning. Near fine.

A politically-charged letter from Thomas Paine to his friend, William Petty, former Earl of Shelburne, who was made the first Marquess (or Marquis) of Lansdowne in 1784. Petty was Prime Minister when the treaty ending the Revolutionary War was negotiated between the United States and England. In this letter Paine discusses the tense relationship between England and France, and stresses the importance of an amicable resolution to their differences. He writes that “this infa- mous business of perpetual wrangling between England & France...would be called by a coarser name” if the conflict was between two individuals instead of two nations, warning of the potentially cataclysmic results of a war.

Here, the author of COMMON SENSE opens his letter by extending his thanks to Lansdowne for the kind invitation to the latter’s country home, Bowood House and explains:

“I had the honour of receiving your Lordship’s favour of the 27th Sepr. and am much obliged to you for the kind and genteel invitation you gave me into the country. I had written to your Lordship my thanks and discanted a little on the then state of public affairs, but they appearing to grow every day more perplexing, I determined to lay it aside – this, together with the hopes of seeing your Lordship in town at an earlier period, than mentioned in your letter, will I hope interest you to excuse the omission.”

Paine proceeds to expound on the precarious political situation between France and England, ultimately hoping for a last- ing peace between the two nations:

“Sincerely do I wish that this infamous business of perpetual wrangling between England & France might end. It would be called by a coarser name than I chuse to express were a like case to happen between two individuals; and it is a curious paradox that enlightened nations should have less sense than enlightened individuals. I most heartily wish that some great line of Politics, worthy of an opposition might be struck out. Peace might be easily preferred were proper persons in the management of affairs. There are those in France who would very heartily concur in such a measure, and unless this be done, it appears, at least to me, that something worse than war will follow, for tho’ France is not in a good condition for war, England is still worse.”

Paine concludes his letter noting he is enclosing a pamphlet (not present here) which has just made its appearance. Paine is most likely referring to his own work, PROSPECTS ON THE RUBICON; OR AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE POLITICS TO BE AGITATED AT THE MEETING OF PARLIAMENT, published the same year in London. The present letter could be viewed as a distillation of this latest pamphlet by Paine, in which he urged the British government to reconsider yet another war with France that would result in disaster for both countries. At the time, England and France were not currently at war with each other, but the possibility of it was omnipresent, especially after battling on opposite sides of the American Revolution, which resulted in weaker defenses and larger debts for both countries.

Paine, an Englishmen who emigrated to America just in time to help spark the American Revolution, would become en- meshed in the French Revolution shortly after penning this letter. Paine moved to France in 1790 and would publish his seminal RIGHTS OF MAN in 1791, in full-throated support of the French Revolution. RIGHTS OF MAN was another successful attack by Paine on the institution of monarchy. As a result, Paine was a hero to the revolutionaries in France, though he would fall in and out of favor with various regimes in Paris until he left France for good in 1802.

William Petty, second Earl of Shelburne and later the first Marquis of Lansdowne, is best remembered as the Prime Min- ister who forced a liberal peace treaty with the United States on his unwilling King in 1782. During his long political career Shelburne exhibited consistently pro-American sympathies, first as Southern Secretary from 1766 to 1768, and most importantly as Prime Minister from 1782 to 1783. Though Prime Minister for only a short time, it was under Shelburne’s leadership that the Treaty of Paris was negotiated between Great Britain and her rebellious colonies, ending the Revolu- tion and formally recognizing the United States of America. After his elevation to Marquess and retirement from active politics, Lansdowne maintained an active sympathy for Americans and their new nation, and commissioned the famed “Lansdowne Portrait” of George Washington, perhaps the most famous image of the first President.

The present letter was first sold at Christie’s London in 1994 in the auction of the historical archives held by Petty’s coun- try estate, Bowood House, which Paine references in this letter. Since then, the letter has been accompanied by a copy of the 1791 edition of Paine’s A LETTER TO THE EARL OF SHELBURNE, NOW MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE, ON HIS SPEECH, JULY 10, 1782, RESPECTING THE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. This was Paine’s response to Shelburne’s speech regarding the likely consequences for Great Britain given the new inde- pendence of America. The present copy of the work carries a pencil inscription on the half title reading, “bought 1933 L,” likely written by the then-current Marquis of Lansdowne in that year.

A thoughtful letter by Paine as he grappled with the fraught political climate in France and England. It is interesting to note that this letter comes from the writer most responsible for sparking the American Revolution, writing to one of the men chiefly responsible for ending it. $25,000.

The British Proconsul in Argentina Reports to His Majesty’s Government, Leading to the First Recognition of Nationhood in South America by Any European Power

69. Parish, Woodbine: GENERAL REPORT ON THE RISE & PROGRESS OF THE PRESENT FREE GOVERN- MENT OF BUENOS AYRES [manuscript title]. Buenos Aires. 1824. 80pp. autograph manuscript with one manuscript note and eight printed items tipped to six pages. Quarto. Contemporary three-quarter morocco and marbled boards. Covers faded, spine lightly abraded, paper label chipped. Internally very clean, report and appendix in a clear, legible hand in ink; additional contemporary notes throughout the text in pencil. Text preceded by twenty-six blank leaves, with tabs for the letters of the alphabet, one indented on each leaf (one blank leaf has pasted remnant of printed text). In fine condition. In a half morocco and cloth box.

This manuscript report prepared by British consul-general Woodbine Parish for the British government regarding the po- litical and economic situation in Argentina in the mid-1820s was a crucial step in the recognition of Argentina’s statehood by any European power. Parish was an experienced British diplomat who, prior to going to South America, had served in diplomatic roles in Sicily, Naples, Paris, Aix-la-Chapelle, and the Ionian Islands. “In 1823 the government determined to send out political agents to the Spanish American States, and Parish was appointed commissioner and consul-general to Buenos Ayres....After he had sent home a report upon the state of the people and their newly constituted government, full powers were sent to him in 1824 to negotiate with them a treaty of amity and commerce. This was concluded on 2 Feb. 1825 at Buenos Ayres, and was the first treaty made with any of the new states of America, and the first recognition of their national existence by any European power” – DNB. The present manuscript is evidently that report, which per- suaded the British Government to recognize Argentina and impressed the Foreign Office sufficiently that they promoted Parish to negotiate it.

Parish’s account begins with a brief critical history of the colonies under Spanish rule. He writes:

“The origin of the events which have separated the colonies from Spain may be traced to a variety of well known causes: oppressed, misgoverned and misguided as they long had been, it was not to be expected that in this enlightened and liberal age they would much longer continue in the state of degraded and odious subjection in which they had been hitherto held.”

In regards to the vice royalty of Buenos Aires declaring independence from Spain, he adds that internal “public opinion was long undecided as to the course to be adopted....But, though the doctrines of liberty were declared, it was…found to be no easy task to establish a government for a people brought up in such a state of servility and debasement as hardly to have a distant notion of the blessings of free institutions.”

Parish mentions various military operations between 1815 and 1820, leading to a state of disorganization and disorder. It was under these conditions that a government was formed in 1821 which focused on affairs in Buenos Aires and good provincial administration.

“A radical and systematic reform commenced which has produced in little more than three years results beyond the most sanguine expectations: From a state of anarchy and confusion the people of Buenos Ayres are now raised to a prosper- ity hitherto unknown to them, and are at present in the enjoyment of the blessings of a good, well organized, and stable government.”

The remainder of the report is devoted to institutions which have been “established or promoted, and which give them a claim to the eternal gratitude of their countrymen.” These include a representative system of government, executive power, a law on the inviolability of private property (extended to foreigners residing in the country), a general amnesty, and the official gazette “in which all the acts of the government were laid before the public. This was a new measure and obtained for them a very general degree of confidence.” For all of these institutions, additional documentation is provided in the appendix in the original Spanish and often in English translation.

Parish is particularly impressed with cultural changes under independence.

“But the most striking change which has been effected at Buenos Ayres is that with respect to religious opinions: the power of the priesthood under the dominion of Spain was almost absolute and the most intolerant doctrines of the Catholic Religion alone were promulgated and severely maintained. Freedom of conscience and of opinions has arisen out of the revolution.”

The author is equally impressed with the state of education, writing that “no measure however of this government is of greater consequence than the exertions for the promotion of education.” He notes the establishment of public schools, colleges for the moral and natural sciences and a university for the clergy. Parish adds that a library of approximately 20,000 volumes “has been opened to the public which is well arranged and is daily increasing and several scientific societ- ies have been formed....It is a new feeling in this country and acts with the greater forces after the state of ignorance and seclusion in which this people had been so long kept under the old Spanish system under which even the importation of books excepting upon religious subjects was utterly prohibited.”

The report includes descriptions of liberty of the press, administration of justice, confederation and population of the provinces, finances (additional information for which is provided in the appendix and the addenda), the Banda Oriental, the war department, and the country’s foreign relations. Regarding international relations, the report indicates that “the foreign relations of Buenos Ayres have been confined to treaties of alliance and defence with some of the other free states of South America [‘Chile and Colombia only’ is added in pencil] and to an exchange of diplomatic missions with the United States.” Parish notes that for other countries, only official representatives authorized by their governments can negotiate with the newly independent government of Buenos Aires.

In concluding, Parish provides a positive review of the current conditions in Argentina and the potentials for British in- volvement in the future.

“The errors of the past will be shunned for the future; and the benefits of a good government which has been at last established are now quite sufficiently known and understood to ensure the support of all classes of the people. Every day adds to its more and physical strength, as education advances so will the state, as foreign commerce increases, so will the prosperity and resources of the country. Nature has done her utmost in climate and situation, and it only remains for civilized man in these regions to make the most of those inestimable blessings which providence on the one hand has bestowed upon him and a paternal government on the other is anxious by all possible means to improve.”

After this report was received by the British government for internal consideration, Parish was charged with negotiating a treaty of amity and commerce, in which Great Britain recognized Argentina, the first formal recognition of any of the former Spanish colonies in the Americas by a European power, and the second country in the Western Hemisphere with which England had diplomatic relations (the other being the United States). “As a mark of his Majesty’s gracious approba- tion” Parish was appointed chargé d’affaires to the new republic, a position he held from 1825 until 1832. His clear and well documented report, including appendix and addenda, along with his positive impressions for British advancement, ensured his continued diplomatic service in Buenos Aires. In 1838, his full account on Argentina’s history, geography, and geology, BUENOS AYRES AND THE PROVINCES OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA: THEIR PRESENT STATE, TRADE, AND DEBT, was published. In 1837, Parish was knighted for his diplomatic services in Latin America. DNB XV, pp.213-14. $13,500.

Cook’s First Voyage, with Handsome Plates and the Rare Explanatory Remarks

70. Parkinson, Sydney: A JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE TO THE SOUTH SEAS, IN HIS MAJESTY’S SHIP, THE ENDEAVOUR.... London: Printed for Stanfield Parkinson, 1773. xxiii,[1],22,[2],212,[2]pp. plus twenty-six plates, map, and engraved frontispiece portrait. Large quarto. Contemporary polished calf ruled in gilt, edges tooled in gilt, spine gilt extra, gilt morocco label. Minor wear to spine ends and corners, two-inch split in leather along lower front joint. Armorial bookplate of John Smyth of Heath on front pastedown (see below). A handsome copy.

An attractive, wide-margined copy of the first edition of this important narrative, with the rare section of Explanatory Remarks by John Fothergill. Parkinson accompanied Capt. James Cook on his first voyage to the South Pacific and New Zealand, serving as draughtsman under naturalist Joseph Banks. As botanical artist for the Endeavor voyage, Parkinson produced a large number of magnificent botanical and natural history drawings of Tahiti, New Zealand, and Australia. His untimely death near the end of the voyage while en route from Batavia to the Cape of Good Hope resulted in a dispute between his brother Stanfield and Banks over ownership of his manuscripts and drawings. When Hawkesworth learned of the impending publication of this work, he sought and received an injunction to prevent its appearance until sometime after the official account was issued. Hawkesworth went so far as to omit mention of Parkinson’s name from the official account, and even failed to give him credit for his botanical illustrations. The present work stands as the most attractive of the unofficial accounts of Cook’s first voyage. It contains extensive descriptions of Australia and New Zealand, and is the first work to properly identify the kangaroo by name. The handsome plates are from Parkinson’s drawings, depict- ing natives of Tierra del Fuego, Tahiti, and New Zealand; scenes in Tahiti and New Zealand; and native artifacts. Also included are several vocabularies of South Sea languages.

This first edition was published in 1773. Some years later, Stanfield Parkinson went insane and the unsold sheets of the book were sold to Dr. Fothergill, who added a section of “Explanatory Remarks” and a Postscript in order to counter Stanfield’s ill-tempered preface. This copy includes this rare section of extra text, almost never seen with the first edition. This copy bears a distinguished provenance, with the bookplate of John Smyth of Heath Hall. Smyth (1748-1811) had a prolific public career, serving as a Member of Parliament and the Board of Trade, a Lord of the Treasury, Master of the Royal Mint, and Lord of the Admiralty.

A major journal for Cook’s first voyage. BEDDIE 712. BELL P100. STREETER SALE 2406. HILL 1308. DAVIDSON, pp.54-56. HOLMES 7. SABIN 58787. NMM I:564. O’REILLY & REITMAN 371. KROEPELIEN 944. COX I, p.58. $17,500.

Pioneering Work in English on Magnetism

71. Ridley, Mark: A SHORT TREATISE OF MAGNETICALL BODIES AND MOTIONS. London: Nicholas Okes, 1613. [14],157,[1]pp. including engraved titlepage and twenty-one engravings in the text (one with two small maps show- ing New England, Virginia, and Terra Australis). Small quarto. Modern calf, leather label stamped in gilt. Contemporary ownership inscriptions of William Davenport on titlepage. Titlepage moderately worn and soiled, laid down on a backing sheet. Light worming on first two text leaves (affecting a few printed characters). 19th-century ownership inscription on leaf A3. Small portion of G2 torn away and repaired, affecting a few words which are present in facsimile; a few other small tears and repairs. Margins closely trimmed, affecting a few headlines. Lacking the volvelle on T1. Still a good copy.

First edition, first issue of Ridley’s work on magnetism, without the errata on the recto of X3 found in the second issue also published in 1613. Following William Gilbert’s work DE MAGNETE, “here presented directions for a series of experiments on the lodestone, magnet, and terella which could be carried out by anyone interested in the subject. He added engravings and descriptions of his improvised instruments for determining the variation, and for making use of the inclinatory needle for finding position at sea. This was in accordance with the method published jointly by Edward Wright, Thomas Blundeville, and Henry Briggs” – Taylor. SABIN 71297. STC 21045. CRONE 127. TAYLOR, MATHEMATICAL PRACTITIONERS OF TUDOR & STUART ENGLAND 126. ADAMS & WATERS, ENGLISH MARITIME BOOKS 2976. $6500.

A Foundation Work of Canadiana, with the Engraved Title of Indians and Missionaries

72. Sagard-Theodat, Gabriel: LE GRAND VOYAGE DU PAYS DES HURONS, SITUÉ EN L’AMERIQUE VERS LA MER DOUCE, ÉS DERNIERS CONFINS DE LA NOUVELLE FRANCE, DITE CANADA.... [bound with:] DICTIONAIRE DE LA LANGUE HURONNE. Paris. 1632. [22],380,[2]pp., with the extra engraved title; 12,[146],[14] pp. Small octavo. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, edges stained red. Slight separation at upper front hinge. Leaves washed, titlepage expertly remounted on matching paper. A few unobtrusive marginal repairs in main text, bottom edge of leaves of DICTIONAIRE... expertly restored. Withal, a very good copy. In a half morocco and cloth box.

Sagard was a Recollet missionary who spent 1623-24 in Huronia as a missionary to the Huron nation. His book, based largely on his own experiences and those of his associates, as well as contemporary letters and documents, are considered to be the main authority for the history of the first Recollet mission in Canada in 1615-29, and the main source for Indian life and relations with the French which does not stem from the Jesuits. “Sagard and Champlain were the first explorers to give any very definite statements about the Huron Indian country and what they had learned from these Indians about the Great Lakes Country” – Greenly. Most of the work is devoted to the life of the Hurons, and has been called “a bril- liant, astonishingly precise fresco.”

The Huron dictionary is the first printed Huron vocabulary, a collection of French expressions translated into Huron, to be used as a manual by traders and missionaries. Sagard assembled it from his own work and those of other missionaries, and it remains “the most complete compilation extant dealing with the old Huron language.”

A major and important rarity of Canada, New France, and the Great Lakes region. The Streeter copy sold for $1500 in 1966. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 632/86. ARENTS 181. BELL S33. CHURCH 421. FIELD 1341,1342. HARRISSE (NOUVELLE FRANCE) 52, 53. JCB II:243-44. LANDE S2012. PILLING, IROQUOIAN, p.147. SABIN 74881,74883. STREETER SALE 93. VLACH 661. TPL 6305. GREENLY, MICHIGAN 10. 100 MICHIGAN RARITIES 1. $32,500. Colored Lithographs of Pacific Whaling

73. St. Aulaire, A.: INSTRUCTIVE RECREATIONS. A TRIP ROUND THE WORLD ON BOARD OF A WHALE SHIP. SKETCHES AND NOTES BY ONE OF THE OFFICERS. RÉCRÉATIONS INSTRUCTIVES. CAMPAGNE D’UN BALEINIER AUTOUR DU MONDE. CROQUIS ET NOTES D’UN OFFICIER DU BORD. Paris: Publié par Aubert & Cie., [n.d., but ca. 1845]. Titlepage with color lithographic vignette of a whale, plus eighteen sheets of colored lithographic plates with a total of sixty-five separate vignettes. Titlepage and captions in French and English. Quarto. Original textured black cloth, stamped in gilt and blind. Corners repaired; spine repaired, but with a few small chips. Hinges just starting but still holding firm. Small bookseller description affixed to front free endpaper. Clean and bright internally. In very good condition.

A gorgeously-handcolored whaling rarity. The narrative that accompanies the plates is based on the experiences of a lieutenant on board the whaleship, AVENTURE, of Le Havre. The beautiful colored lithographic plates depict whaling scenes in the Pacific (often quite dramatic, with overturned whale boats, men being tossed through the air, etc.), the tools of the whaler (lances, harpoons, etc.), and peoples and places visited (including the Cape of Good Hope, Cochin China, the Philippines, the Moluccas, Sandwich Islands, the Marquesas, Ecuador, and Chile). The Hawaiian illustrations include portraits of three natives of the Sandwich Islands: a male in traditional dress, a male in European clothing, and a female in traditional dress. A finely illustrated book of Pacific whaling interest. Not in Forbes. Originally for the benefit of a juvenile audience, the handcolored plates depicting the Pacific and South America are quite compelling for any age. FORSTER 402. $5000.

A Large Collection of Saint-Mémin Federalist Portraits

74. Saint-Mémin, Charles B.J.F. de: PORTRAITS OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICANS ENGRAVED BY JULIEN FEVRET DE SAINT-MÉMIN 1770 – 1852 [box title]. [Various places, including Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia, & Washington, D.C. 1797-1809]. Forty-four engravings. All engraved images except one are circular, with a diameter of approximately 2¼ inches; the engraving of William Bradford is oval and approximately 3 x 2½ inches. Each image is printed on a slightly larger sheet of paper, mounted to 8½ x 11-inch leaves and matted. 20th-century red morocco hinged pull-off case, cover stamped and lettered in gilt. Case lightly worn at edges and front hinge neatly separated, else fine. Most portraits identified in upper left corner of matting in modern ink; some misidentified, most of which have notes with correct identification attached. Minor foxing and/or wear to a few portraits. Small pink stain in lower margin of Frances Cadwalader Erskine portrait, not affecting image. Most portraits in fine or near fine condition.

An extraordinary collection of neoclassical profile portraits drawn and engraved by famed French-American portraitist Charles B.J.F. de Saint-Mémin. Forty-one prominent Americans of the Federal period are represented (there are several duplicates, see below), including such major figures as George Clinton, William Bradford, Col. William Duane, and Thomas Jefferson, who sat for the artist in 1804. All but one of the portraits are executed in Saint-Mémin’s characteristic profile view and framed in a roundel. The single exception is Saint-Mémin’s unusual oval-shaped engraving of Charles Willson Peale’s front-view portrait of William Bradford. All of the engravings are matted and contained in a gilt morocco case.

Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin was a young, aristocratic military officer when he fled France during the Revolution in 1790. In 1793 he arrived in New York with his father and soon began pursuing a career in the arts. Apply- ing early training he had received in drawing and an eye for precision, Saint-Mémin quickly taught himself the techniques of engraving and printing, and began producing plans and landscapes of New York. In 1796 he co-founded a business creating profile portraits with the aid of a physiognotrace, a recently invented drafting device that allowed portraitists to capture their sitters’ profiles with extreme accuracy. After tracing a subject’s profile with the physiognotrace, Saint- Mémin would complete a portrait in chalk, reduce and copy it to a copper plate using a pantograph, and finally engrave the plate and produce a series of prints. Each patron would receive the original drawing, the plate, and, typically, a dozen engravings. Saint-Mémin’s business was wildly successful, and for fourteen years it sustained him as he traveled through the eastern U.S. capturing the likenesses of many leading American figures of the day. Ellen G. Miles’ extensive work on Saint-Mémin, published by the National Portrait Gallery, describes every aspect of his career and lists nearly a thousand of his known portraits.

The portraits in the present collection are as follows, listed with Miles’ catalogue number accompanying each sitter’s name: William Barton (42), William Bradford (78), Claude Amable Brasier (81), Jacob Burnet (111), Martha Round Caldwell (127), Mary M. Caldwell (128), George Clinton (174), John Coles III (189), Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn (230), Asbury Dickins (268), William Drayton (275), William Duane (277; two prints: 1802 and after 1808 [with caption, “Col. Wm. Duane”]), Louisa DuPonceau (288), Peter Stephen DuPonceau (289), Catherine M. Dutilh (291), Stephen (Étienne) Dutilh (294), David Montagu Erskine (306), Frances Cadwalader Erskine (307), Walter Franklin (334), Theodore Hunt (429), Thomas Jefferson (446), John Lincklaen (510), James McHenry (539), Neil MacNeal (547), John Mayo II (568), Maria Sophia Kemper Morton (595), Joseph Hopper Nicholson (619), Davis Old (627), Thomas Parke (642), Nathan Read (686), John Reynolds (691), Thomas Bolling Robertson (701), Charles Sterett (788; three copies), St. George Tucker (840), Waggaman (911), Samuel Purviance Walker (915), William Augustine Washington III (924), and William Hill Wells (937).

A remarkable collection, spanning nearly the entire course of Saint-Mémin’s career as a portraitist, rare in its volume and quality. Miles, SAINT-MÉMIN (Washington, 1994). $19,000.

Remarkable Volume of Manuscript Musical Compositions by a Noted American Composer and His Female Student

75. [Shaw, Oliver]: [Hazard, Julia]: [BOUND COLLECTION OF MANUSCRIPT MUSIC TRANSCRIBED AND COMPOSED BY OLIVER SHAW AND HIS PUPIL JULIA HAZARD, INCLUDING AN EARLY VERSION OF THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER AND MANY OTHER COMPOSITIONS ON AMERICAN POLITICAL AND HISTORICAL THEMES]. [Newport, R.I. ca. 1821-50]. [256]pp. More than 160 distinct compositions. Quarto. Half burgundy morocco with gilt burgundy label (“Julia S.M. Hazard”) on front board. Boards heavily worn, corners bumped, some loss of spine leather, text block mostly detached and loose. Pages trimmed with only a few minor losses to text. A few pages with chipping at the edge, some light tanning, a few fingerprints, and some bleedthrough from ink, but internally very good over all.

A remarkable collection of manuscript music, including transcriptions, arrangements, and compositions from the hands of both noted composer Oliver Shaw and his student, Julia Hazard. Oliver Shaw was the first prominent American composer and songwriter, and Julia Hazard – child of a noted Rhode Island political family – was only in her mid-teenage years when she began to create this volume. This collection of manuscript music is an important record of early music education in the United States, of the achievements of a talented young female musician, and of the interpretation of popular American songs of the day. In all, there are more than 160 distinct manuscript musical works in this volume, several with political or historical themes. Some pieces are excerpts, but many are complete compositions, often with lyrics and occasional notes on performance. Most of the pieces date to the 1820s and 1830s, though one is dated as late as 1850.

One of the most interesting pieces is a very early rendition of “The Star-Spangled Banner” in Julia Hazard’s hand. Francis Scott Key wrote the poem “The Defense of Fort McHenry” in 1814, only seven years earlier during the War of 1812; it was an instant hit as a poem and was immediately retitled “The Star-Spangled Banner.” It was soon associated with the music we now know, “To Anacreon in Heaven,” and this may have been due to some influence from Key, who had used the music in 1805 to accompany another poem he wrote to honor Commodore Stephen Decatur (the music was very popular at the time). “The Star-Spangled Banner” did not become the national anthem until 1931; before this, it was one of several popular patriotic songs, along with “Hail, Columbia”; “My Country, ‘Tis of Thee”; and finally “America the Beautiful,” which had also been considered for the national anthem. Nevertheless, people throughout the 19th-century appropriated the music and the text of the “Star-Spangled Banner” for their own ends, including abolitionists: “Oh, say do you hear, at the dawn’s early light, The shrieks of those bondmen, whose blood is now streaming”, and temperance activists: “Oh! who has not seen by the dawn’s early light, Some poor bloated drunkard to his home weakly reeling” (as noted by Robin).

Julia Hazard clearly felt free to take extensive liberties with the music of the Star Spangled Banner – only occasional strains are recognizable. She also made some changes to the poem, repeating “O’er the ramparts we watch’d where [sic] so gal- lantly streaming...” (substituting “where” for “were” – a possible misspelling), and also repeating the final line, “O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave.” Hazard includes the second verse with no alterations. Many other patriotic compositions are present, including “General Washington’s March”; a short and slightly different “Yankee Doodle”; “A New Ode Sung at the Celebration of the Anniversary of American Independence. Boston, July 4th 1802”; John George Henry Jay’s “Jefferson’s March”; “Bristol March – Jefferson and Liberty”; “Hull’s March”; and a composition dated 1850 called “Field of Monterey,” showing that even after Oliver Shaw’s death in 1848, Julia Hazard continued to work on her musicianship.

Oliver Shaw’s compositions “Governor Jones’ [of Rhode Island] March” and “Bristol March” are included, but perhaps the most important work here is “A Military Divertimento...Dedicated to Genl. La Fayette on his visit to Providence” (published by Shaw as WELCOME THE NATION’S GUEST...). During 1824-25, the Marquis de Lafayette returned to America in anticipation of the fiftieth anniversary of independence. He toured all twenty-four states of the Union, visit- ing the northern and eastern states in the fall of 1824, with stops at Monticello to visit Jefferson and then Washington, where he was received at the White House by President Monroe. From August 21-24, he travelled through New Haven and Old Saybrook, Providence, Stoughton, and finally Boston. These visits inspired several dedicatory compositions like Shaw’s. While there is no evidence that Shaw’s piece was performed during Lafayette’s visit, there are detailed performance notes, marking the places in the music when Lafayette arrives in town, when he is received at the state house, and when he departs. Either way, the work was well-received at the time, has been regularly reprinted and included in anthologies of 19th-century keyboard compositions, and is still performed today.

The remaining pieces are overwhelmingly popular operas, ballad operas, and traditional Irish and Scottish songs, including “The Favorite Overture to the Blind Boy” by John Davy; “Fancy’s Vision” by Arthur F. Keene; an arrangement of Thomas Moore’s “The Meeting of the Waters”; Charles Jefferys and Sidney Nelson’s “The Rose of Allendale”; and excerpts from “Lalla Rookh.” Despite Shaw’s training, but perhaps because of Hazard’s interests, there are few classical pieces; only Daniel Steibelt’s ballet “Le Retour du [sic] Zephir” and “Life Let Us Cherish” with variations by Mozart are notable. It should be noted that the dates of this manuscript overlap with the lifetimes of classical composers we now regard as some of the most important in Western music: Beethoven (d.1827), Schubert (d.1828), and Rossini (d.1868) were all alive and composing at this time, and Haydn had just died in 1809.

Oliver Shaw (1779-1848), the first prominent American composer and songwriter, was born in Middleborough, Massa- chusetts. As an adult, Shaw was blind: an accident with a penknife in early childhood blinded him in his right eye, and then a fever combined with eyestrain led to the loss of sight in his left eye by the time his was twenty-one. However this did not seem to hold him back. He began his formal musical education in 1800, primarily with organist John L. Birken- head in Newport, Rhode Island, and the better-known composer, conductor, and publisher Gottlieb Graupner in Boston. Born in Germany, Graupner performed in Haydn’s orchestra in London, and once in the U.S., taught and conducted, and founded the Handel and Haydn Society, the third oldest musical organization in America (with which Shaw occasionally performed). Shaw moved to Providence in 1807, where he worked as a as a composer, publisher, teacher, church organist (of the First Congregational Church of Providence), and tenor soloist; and as an organizer and leader of musical societies. He published more than seventy songs and over thirty instrumental works. One of Shaw’s more prominent students was Lowell Mason (1792-1872), a leading figure in American church music. Mason is perhaps best known for his now-ubiq- uitous arrangement of “Joy to the World,” but in his lifetime composed and arranged about 1,700 hymn tunes, including “Bethany” (for “Nearer, My God, to Thee”), “Olivet” (“My Faith Looks Up to Thee”), and “Hamburg” (“When I Survey the Wondrous Cross”). Mason is largely credited with introducing music into American public schools, and is considered the first important U.S. music educator.

Julia Sophia Hazard (1806-78) was born in Middletown, Rhode Island, the granddaughter of George Hazard (1724-97), who served as mayor of Newport and was a Newport representative to the state convention to consider the new national constitution. Julia married Abiel Sherman in 1828. There is no record of Julia pursuing a professional life in music, however, Shaw’s wife and family frequently performed with him, so it would not be unusual for his students to do likewise.

A fascinating overview of a music student adapting and enhancing the “hits” of the day with the guidance of America’s first great composer. This is also quite uncommon: we could find no instances of Oliver Shaw’s or Julia Hazard’s manuscripts for sale or at auction, and no major institutional holdings of Shaw’s manuscript compositions. Caroline E. Robinson, THE HAZARD FAMILY OF RHODE ISLAND 1635-1894: BEING A GENEALOGY AND HIS- TORY OF THE DESCENDENTS OF THOMAS HAZARD... (Boston: Printed for the Author, 1895). William Robin, “How the National Anthem Has Unfurled” in NEW YORK TIMES (June 27, 2014). $18,500.

A Spectacular Illustrated Album of the Challenger Expedition, of Great Antarctic Interest

76. [Shephard, Benjamin]: [ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT SKETCHBOOK OF THE H.M.S. CHALLENGER EX- PEDITION, 1872 – 1874]. [H.M.S. Challenger. 1873]. Thirty-six leaves, including illustrated titlepage and thirty-five ink and watercolor illustrations, all but titlepage in full color. Oblong quarto sketchbook, 9½ x 12½ inches. Original printed wrappers, backed in later tape. Inscribed on front wrapper verso: “William Gurling. H.M.S. Challenger. Sydney. Australia.” Covers worn. Some minor soiling internally, but overall clean, bright, and in very good condition, with most tissue guards remaining. In a cloth clamshell case, leather label.

The remarkable original watercolor sketchbook of Benjamin Shephard from the historic scientific voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger. In 1968, J. Welles Henderson, collector, historian, and founder of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum, dis- covered the sketchbook in an antique shop in Boston. He purchased the volume and soon showed it to Harris B. Stewart, an oceanographer and member of the Maritime Museum’s Underwater Advisory Board, who agreed that the drawings added “a delightful artistic postscript to the volumes already written about what is still considered the greatest of all oceanographic expeditions” (Stewart and Henderson, p.[3]). In 1972, on the centennial of the Challenger’s launch, the Philadelphia Maritime Museum published a facsimile volume of the sketchbook, with an introduction and detailed com- mentary by Stewart and Henderson accompanying each plate.

During their research on the sketchbook, Henderson and Stewart discovered that Benjamin Shephard was a cooper who served during the entire voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger, from November 1872 to May 1876. Shephard was born at Brixton in Surrey in 1841, entered the navy in 1862, and died in Australia from tuberculosis in 1887 at the age of forty- five. “Evidently,” Henderson and Stewart write, “he found work not particularly to his liking, as he was promoted and demoted several times during his 25-year career.” He paid significant attention to his Challenger sketchbook, however, creating this series of splendid watercolors that show the work of a skilled and observant amateur.

The sketches are all approximately 6 by 9¾ inches, each featuring a view of the ship and framed with a caption-bearing garter. Following the attractive pictorial titlepage, they begin with a fanciful scene of the Challenger dredging the sea floor, with mermaids guiding the net below and bestowing it with shells and an old anchor. Stewart and Henderson note that like the sailors on most oceanographic expeditions, “those aboard the H.M.S. Challenger, although intrigued by the work of the scientists, were more interested in the ports which punctuated the long periods of observations at sea. Thus Shephard, with few exceptions, concentrated on painting not the scientific work at sea but rather the Challenger at her various ports of call.” Twenty-five of the watercolors are port or other coastal views, covering Madeira, St. Thomas, Bermuda, Halifax, St. Michael’s, St. Vincent, St. Paul’s Rocks, Fernando Noronha, Tristan de Cunha, Capetown, Prince Edward Island, Crozet Island, Kerguelen Island, and McDonald Island. Many of these depict other ships and boats, with forts, towns, and the occasional lighthouse in the background. Non-coastal scenes include one of a violent storm in the Gulf of Florida, a particularly attractive view of the ship at full sail “on her way to St. Paul’s Rocks,” and six sketches of the Challenger sailing, firing, and dredging among the Antarctic icebergs.

A beautiful and important visual record of what Howgego has called “the most detailed and extensive examination of the world’s oceans in the history of exploration.” HOWGEGO N5. [Benjamin Shephard], CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK B. SHEPHARD’S SKETCHBOOK OF THE H.M.S. CHALLENGER EXPEDITION 1872-1874 PREPARED AND EDITED FOR PUBLICATION BY HARRIS B. STEWART, JR. AND J. WELLES HENDERSON (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Maritime Museum, 1972). $125,000.

Early South Carolina Military Manual

77. [South Carolina]: A SYSTEM OF TACTICS; OR RULES FOR THE EXERCISES AND MANOEUVRES OF THE CAVALRY OF THE STATE OF SOUTH-CAROLINA. Charleston: Wm. Riley, 1834. xii,167pp. Contemporary mottled calf, gilt titles. Edge wear and rubbing, neat repair to spine. Scattered staining and foxing. Good. In a blue cloth box, gilt leather label.

A rare military manual for cavalry troops in South Carolina, broken into six sections, beginning with instructions for training the horse and ending with the specific maneuvers expected of the trained cavalryman. Only nine institutional copies reported on OCLC. SABIN 87370. $5500.

Hundreds of Images Showing Philadelphia Troops Preparing for and Participating in the Spanish-American War

78. [Spanish-American War]: [First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry]: [MONUMENTAL ANNOTATED PHOTO- GRAPHIC RECORD OF THE FIRST CITY TROOP OF PHILADELPHIA, RECORDING THEIR TRAINING AND SERVICE IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR]. [Various places, including Pennsylvania, Virginia, at sea, New Jersey, and Puerto Rico. May to September, 1898]. [171]pp. with 342 photographs. Four large quarto photograph albums. Matching contemporary three-quarter crimson morocco and cloth, front covers gilt. Minor shelf wear and some rubbing. Images in overall very good condition.

An amazing assemblage of photographs documenting the Spanish-American War experiences of the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, which was at that time the oldest volunteer military unit in continuous service to the United States. The photographs are arranged chronologically in four contemporary photo albums, with the images occasionally annotated in a contemporary hand, and including the identification of numerous members of the Troop.

The first volume opens with images of Mt. Gretna, Pennsylvania, “where troops [were] sworn into U.S. service, May 7th 1898, by Maj. Thompson, U.S.A.” The photographs record field exercises, camp building and tent organization at Camp Hastings, cavalry drills, an image of “Capt. Groome reading the Articles of War to Troop, June 1898,” a “first arrival of government horses,” several shots of men training and “throwing” their horses, shooting practice, “Capt. Groome assign- ing Government horses to Troopers,” and various shots of the men at work and even some play. Over the course of the album, the names of numerous soldiers are recorded below several of the photographs.

The second album opens with several photographs of the Troop striking their tents in preparation for leaving Camp Hastings at Mt. Gretna, headed for Camp Alger at Dunn Loring, Virginia. Here the Troop was ordered to increase their enlistment numbers. At Camp Alger the Troop was also fitted out with federal supplies and assigned to the Second Army Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. William Graham, who is pictured here. Other photographs capture the camp scene at Alger, “the First Troop picket line,” the Troop receiving their federal-issue khaki uniforms, the Troop at roll call, and some shots featuring African-American helpers.

In late July the Troop was sent to Newport News, and several photographs record their brief time there, with about a dozen shots of their temporary camp. On July 28, 1898 the Troop left Virginia on the transport ship MASSACHUSETTS, bound for Puerto Rico. Several images here capture the frenetic loading of the troops and their horses onto the ship, with the remaining half dozen or so shots recording the Troop’s time on board.

The third album picks up where the second left off, with the First City Troop embarked on the transport ship MASSA- CHUSETTS, headed for Guanica, Puerto Rico. Shipboard activities captured here include a few shots of groups of men being showered with water hoses. Several shots record the arrival of the men in the port of Guanica, where they encounter the hospital ship NUECES, which reports of the news of the “surrender of Ponce.” After the men disembark, they pitch their camp around Cathedral Virgin del Carmen on August 5. The next day, several photographs record the unloading of horses and stores in the harbor at Ponce. The remaining thirty-eight photographs in this volume record scenes in the interior of Puerto Rico, and are the most heavily annotated of the four albums. The images record scenes from the “road from Port of Ponce to Ponce,” several scenes capturing a market day in Ponce and recording numerous native islanders, the Troop’s “temporary camp about 2 miles beyond Ponce,” the “Troop wagon leaving camp beyond Ponce to join wagon train for Guayama” on August 8, a shot of the Troop’s wagon “on road to Guayama in a Porto Rico mudhole,” images of the wagon train to Guayama with the H Troop, 6th U.S. Cavalry, the “Point of Advance Guard entering Guayama within the lines,” the Troop itself “entering Guayama, passing General Brooke’s Headquarters,” a “View of First Troop Phila. City Cavalry, U.S.V., Camp at Arroyo, August 10th to 6A.M. Aug. 13th 1898,” with the last ten images recording the camp or the streets at Arroyo.

The fourth album documents the Troop’s voyage home to Philadelphia. This time they take passage on the transport ship MISSISSIPPI, and about half of the images record their voyage on board. On Sept. 10, 1898 they reach Jersey City in New York harbor, where they camp for a short time before returning to camp in Pennsylvania, where the album ends. A couple of months later, all three officers and the ninety-eight enlisted men of the First City Troop were mustered out of federal service for the Spanish-American War.

Originally founded in 1774 by twenty-eight Philadelphia patriots as the “Light Horse of the City of Philadelphia,” the First Troop of Philadelphia Cavalry is the oldest mounted military unit operating in continuous service to the American republic, being the first volunteer cavalry troop organized in defense of the colonies. Among the Troop’s original found- ers was John Dunlap, printer to Congress from 1778 to 1789, publisher of the first American daily newspaper, and the first printer of the Declaration of Independence. Most of the earliest members were similarly notable professional men of Philadelphia. The Troop served with valor in the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Civil War, the Spanish-American War, and every major American war through the Korean War.

The present albums present a unique and important visual record of the First City Troop’s activities before, during, and on the way home from the Spanish-American War. $12,500.

Georgia Encourages Texas to Leave the Union

79. [Texas]: Sanford, John W.A.: ADDRESS OF GENL. J.W.A. SANFORD, COMMISSIONER OF GEORGIA, BEFORE THE TEXAN CONVENTION, 4th FEB. 1861. [N.p., but likely Austin. n.d., but ca. Feb. 4, 1861]. Broad- side, 13½ x 5¼ inches. Old soft creases, light toning and soiling. Near fine.

A rare Texas secession broadside – known in only three other copies – in which a political and military leader from Geor- gia encourages the citizens of the Lone Star state to secede. Not only was the secession of Texas an important political aspect of the developing Confederacy, it was strategically important as well, as Texas supplied soldiers and horses to the Southern forces, and Texas ports were used to send cotton to foreign markets.

Gathering in Austin in late January, 1861, a convention of delegates called by Texas Chief Justice Oran M. Roberts and other prominent Texans convened to debate the question of secession from the Union they had joined just sixteen years earlier. The convention delegates swiftly approved secession by a vote of 166 to 8 on February 1, but left the ultimate fate of secession to a public referendum which took place in early March. In the intervening month, the secession convention sent a delegation to the Confederate capital at Montgomery, Alabama to help formally establish the Confederate States of America. While in Montgomery, the Texas delegation authorized the Confederacy to seize all federal property in Texas. In effect, this left the public referendum for secession as little more than an afterthought, and it easily passed on February 23 with a vote of 44,317 to 13,020.

Governor Sam Houston resisted the convention from the start. He argued, with some evidence, that the secession conven- tion met few standards for legitimacy, but it went forward nonetheless. The decision to secede effectively ended Houston’s political career and brought Texas into the Confederacy. A month after the secession convention, when Houston refused to take an oath pledging his allegiance to the Confederacy, he was removed from office in favor of his Lieutenant Gov- ernor, Edward Clark.

General John W.A. Sanford of Georgia served as a major general in the 1836 Cherokee War. He then moved into politics, serving in the U.S. Congress as a Representative, and a member of the Georgia Senate. Here, as Commissioner from the State of Georgia to the Texas convention, Sanford encourages Texas to follow Georgia out of the Union, after his own state seceded two weeks earlier on January 19 at a secession convention in Milledgeville by a vote of 208 to 89. Sanford cites slave ownership as the primary impetus for secession, saying that the Northern states had “permitted no opportunity of annoying her [Georgia] upon the subject of negro slavery...they have publicly proclaimed their determination of waging an unceasing warfare against its further extension and longer toleration....” Interestingly, of the delegates who attended the Texas convention, about seventy percent were slave owners.

Sanford also appeals to a shared sense of Southern pride and solidarity, and flatters the men of the Texas Secession Con- vention for leaving the ultimate fate of the state to the will of the people:

“I rejoice to know that Georgia stands not solitary and alone in the performance of this heroic act. Others of her sister States have for like cause acted in like manner. Some have preceded and others have followed her action, and I trust one and yet another will continue to follow until all are embraced in the same family group and placed under the protecting aegis of that constitution which we all have loved so well and still love, but which alas! we have in vain tried to save from the sacrilegious hands of the ruthless despoiler. It is, however, not my purpose to recall the past, or to recite the wrongs which you have suffered, or to suggest their fitting remedy. These have, in an especial manner, been the subject matter of your deliberations, and you have maturely considered them and decided them as became wise and patriotic men. I congratulate you, Gentlemen, upon this auspicious result of your labors. You have been pleased to refer your decision to the judgment of your people. When it shall have received their sanction, as doubtless it will, a great question arises in regard to your future position. Accustomed as have been the people of the Southern States to live in undisturbed amity with each other, they still ardently desire to be associated together under the same general government. Their interests, their pursuits, their laws, their institutions, their customs are the same and the same destiny awaits each and all. The hearts of Southern fathers and Southern mothers, of Southern brothers sisters, relatives, and friends have followed you to this distant land, and though saddened by the wide interval between you and them, they become less sad as hope and faith bid them look forward to the time when all will again live under this same form of government, and be protected by its strong arm.”

Parrish & Willingham records a heavily-stained copy of this broadside at the Library of Congress; OCLC adds another, cleaner copy at the Boston Athenaeum. Another copy was sold at auction in 2012, and is presumably in private hands. A highly significant Texas secession broadside. PARRISH & WILLINGHAM 5836. OCLC 59227399. HANDBOOK OF TEXAS ONLINE, Walter L. Buenger, “SECES- SION CONVENTION,” http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mjs01. $4750.

Valuable Observations from a Whaleship’s Doctor in the South Seas

80. Thiercelin, Louis: JOURNAL D’UN BALEINIER VOYAGES EN OCEANIE. Paris: Librairie de L. Hachette et Cie, 1866. Two volumes. [4],352,8; [4],376pp. Half title in each volume. Original printed yellow wrappers. Minor wear and dust-soiling to wrappers, minor creasing to spines, second volume binding cracked. Contemporary ownership signature on front wrapper and titlepage of both volumes. Minor marginal dampstain to first several leaves of both volumes, light occasional foxing. Overall, a very good set, untrimmed. Each volume in a separate chemise with gilt morocco spine labels, housed together in a paper-covered slipcase.

A rare and far-ranging whaling narrative of particular interest for its accounts of Hawaii and the French interests in New Zealand. Louis Thiercelin served as the doctor on two voyages to the South Seas, one between 1837 and 1841 and the next over twenty years later from 1863-65. The duration of time between Thiercelin’s expeditions allows him the op- portunity to make interesting observations on the development of places like Akarao from one visit to the next. Similarly, he devotes two chapters to the Hawaiian Islands, one from 1839 and the other from 1864. Other islands and locations covered by the narrative include Madeira, Liberia, Tahiti, Tasmania, Chatham Islands, Saint Paul Islands, New Amsterdam, the Chesterfield and Bampton Coral Islands, New Caledonia, and more.

Thiercelin’s account offers new details on whaling vessels and their crews, including thorough descriptions of the different types of whales, particulars on the actual whale hunts, and explanations of some of the newer and more deadly whaling techniques such as poisoned harpoons, and harpoons with explosive charges propelled by gun-like mechanisms. Besides the important information on whaling, the work is significant for recording Thiercelin’s observations on the colonial ac- tivities of the English and Spanish crowns, most notably the mistreatment of the Bubi people in present-day Equatorial Guinea and the Maori in New Zealand. FORBES 2730. HUNNEWELL, p.69. HILL 1690. JUDD 171. BAGNALL 5522. FERGUSON 16990. O’REILLY & REITMAN 1246. NEBENZAHL 35:94. $4500.

Striking Poster for a Pantomime Performer

81. Thomas, Henry Atwell: JAS. S. MAFFITT PANTOMIMIST. New York: Henry A. Thomas Artistic Lith., 1873. Lithographic poster, 24 x 19 inches. Some rubbing to the upper left corner just touching the edge of the image. Light two-inch crease to the right center margin (no loss to image). Some tanning to margins from previous framing. Overall, quite crisp and sharp. Very good.

A tremendously striking white-on-black lithograph for the popular pantomime artist and actor, James A. Maffitt. The design, artwork, and color scheme produce an image that remains strikingly “modern” nearly 150 years after it was created.

The print features a realistic portrait of pantomimist James Maffitt in the center surrounded by a series of vignettes of the performer’s various roles and routines, including (clockwise from top left): tramp, Harlequin (in one of several appearances) astride Maffitt’s name, Civil War soldier, fisherman, Pierrot, Harlequin blowing characters away with fireplace bellows, Harlequin abducting a woman, and several fairies and imps in a variety of exciting scenarios. Below Maffitt’s portrait is the word “Pantomimist,” with the “P” formed by a dancer and a ribbon. All are bordered by grotesque faces in profile at all four corners, top and bottom, as well as midway along vertical edges.

James S. Maffitt (1833-97) was a well-known actor and pantomimist at several theatres in Boston and New York, including Niblo’s Garden, the Front Street Theatre, and the Boston Museum. Maffitt studied under George L. Fox, who helped revive pantomime in America in the 19th century and was regarded by many as “America’s greatest pantomimist.” Both Fox and Maffitt were inspired by the work of Joseph Grimaldi, legendary English clown and the most popular entertainer of the Regency era. However, while Maffitt often used the costumes and humor of Grimaldi, his style of mime followed more closely the French character Pierrot, a stock character from Italian pantomime and commedia dell’arte who is always sad and pining for love. Maffitt was perhaps best known for his creation and portrayal of the famous mute character the “Lone Fisherman” in EVANGELINE, one of the most popular musicals of the late 19th century. Maffitt held this role from the show’s debut at Niblo’s in 1874 until his retirement in 1894 (Graham, p.155; Smith & Litton, pp.20-2).

Henry A. Thomas (1839-1904) trained as a lithographer and printer, working on city plans, historical prints, playing cards, product labels, and show posters. Around 1873, he opened his own studio, Henry A. Thomas, Artistic Lithographer (at 50 Bleecker Street), making this poster one of his first independent productions. He published portraits of most of the actors and artists on the New York scene, and was well known for high-quality work. In 1886, the American Academy of Music made him their official printer/lithographer for all publications. Thomas continued through the rise of Art Nou- veau, printing the works of many artists, including Maxfield Parrish and Ernest Haskell.

This poster is quite rare. We found no listing for it in OCLC and only one other instance at auction. An attractive artifact from a genre that once dominated the American stage. Annette Lust, FROM THE GREEK MIMES TO MARCEL MARCEAU AND BEYOND: MIMES, ACTORS, PIER- ROTS, AND CLOWNS (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2002). Cecil A. Smith & Glenn Litton, MUSICAL COMEDY IN AMERICA: FROM THE BLACK CROOK TO SOUTH PACIFIC, FROM THE KING & I TO SWEENEY TODD (New York: Routledge/Theatre Arts Books, 1981). Franklin Graham, HISTRIONIC MONTREAL: ANNALS OF THE MONTREAL STAGE, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL NOTICES OF THE PLAYS AND PLAYERS OF A CENTURY (Montreal, John Lovell & Son, 1902). $1750.

A Famous Western Hunting Rarity: A Russian Duke Hunts with Custer

82. [Tucker, William M.]: HIS IMPERIAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE ALEXIS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DURING THE WINTER OF 1871-72. FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION. Cambridge: Printed at the Riverside Press, 1872. [4],221,[1, index]pp. Original mounted albumen photographic portrait of Alexis as frontis. Original brown morocco, gilt, spine gilt, a.e.g., marbled endpapers. Near fine.

One of 212 copies printed for private distribution. “Tucker had been given the ‘Ordre de St. Stanislaus de 2d Classe.’” Pages 152-178 contain a description of the ‘great buffalo hunt’ the Grand Duke was treated to, with Buffalo Bill as his guide and General Custer, General Phil Sheridan and Sioux Chief Spotted Tail as his hosts” – Streeter. One of the rarest of all books of Custeriana. Tucker apparently wrote this book to be presented to his friends and the officials and citizens who entertained the Russian Grand Duke on his tour. The Grand Duke arrived in New York late in 1871 and visited Washington, Annapolis, Philadelphia, Boston, Cambridge, and Canada, and travelled back via Niagara Falls into Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Nebraska. From Omaha by train and from North Platte by “ambulance” with Gen. Sheridan as host, he was off buffalo hunting, camping on Red Willow Creek, forty miles south of Fort McPherson. Riding with the Grand Duke was the guide, the “genial and daring Buffalo Bill,” Custer, and Chief Spotted Tail and his braves (who showed Alexis how to bring down a buffalo with an arrow). There was good hunting. One evening Spotted Tail and his men staged a Sioux powwow and war dance. After the hunt the party returned to St. Louis, then on to Denver, where the Grand Duke was entertained at a ball given by the Pioneer Club, “an organization composed exclusively of the early settlers of Colorado and the Rocky Mountain territory.” He visited various Colorado high spots, hunting buffalo along the railroad right-of-way through Kansas, Missouri, Kentucky (Mammoth Cave, etc.), Tennessee, Mississippi, New Orleans for Mardi Gras, Alabama, and Florida, where at Pensacola he again boarded his ship. HOWES A126. GRAFF 35. STREETER SALE 4098. $22,500.

Printed in a Small Number, and Never Offered for Sale

83. [Tuttle, James H.]: WAM-DUS-KY: A DESCRIPTIVE RECORD OF A HUNTING TRIP TO NORTH DA- KOTA. Minneapolis: Hall, Black & Co., 1893. 178pp. Photographic frontispiece, approximately thirty photographic il- lustrations by Adelaide Murphy in the text, one line illustration. Publisher’s brown cloth, gilt lettered “Wam-dus-ky” on upper cover. Ownership signature of Nellie Tuttle. Spine ends slightly rubbed. Near fine.

This copy bears the contemporary ownership inscription of the author’s wife, Nellie C. Tuttle, on the front endpaper. Few copies of this account of a late 19th-century hunting trip in North Dakota were printed and, according to Tuttle, none were for sale. “An entertaining and well written account, with some good photographs and sketches of a duck and goose hunting trip to North Dakota in the fall of 1892” – Streeter. “Printed for the members of the party only....A hunting and shooting narrative of the first importance” – Eberstadt. Howes states that a total of thirty-five copies were printed. Not in Phillips. HOWES T440, “aa.” EBERSTADT 110:305. STREETER SALE 4113. $17,500.

Written by Washington Less than a Month Before His Death

84. Washington, George: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM GEORGE WASHINGTON TO HIS LONG- TIME FRIEND AND FELLOW VIRGINIAN RALPH WORMELEY, REGARDING AN INABILITY TO TRAVEL AT HIS ADVANCED AGE AND ALLUDING TO HIS APPOINTMENT AS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF AMERICAN FORCES DURING THE QUASI-WAR WITH FRANCE]. Mount Vernon. November 18, 1799. [1]p. Some dampstaining. Very good. Matted and framed with portrait.

Less than a month before his death, George Washington answers a letter from a fellow landed gentleman of Virginia, Ralph Wormeley. Washington opens the letter by quashing a rumor that he was planning to visit Norfolk, Virginia, admitting he had not “been farther from home since I left the Chair of Government, than the Federal City” adding in the margin, “except when I was called to Philadelphia by the Secretary of War.” He adds that his advancing age “will circumscribe my Walks; unless, which heaven avert! I should be obliged to resume a military career.”

This last point is an allusion to Washington’s appointment as Commander in Chief during the Quasi-War with France. Although Washington had accepted a commission as Lieutenant General of the provisional army raised to defend against possible land invasion by France, he did so with the full knowledge that Alexander Hamilton, Inspector General of the Army, and Tobias Lear, his own personal secretary, would act on his behalf. Although Washington was ostensibly in good health, he had begun to slow down. The week prior to this letter, the Alexandria Dancing Assembly had invited the Washingtons to an event, but he begged off, commenting famously that “Alas, our dancing days are no more.” The first president of the United States passed away at Mount Vernon after a brief illness on December 14, 1799.

The recipient of the present letter, Ralph Wormeley was a bibliophile and scholar raised in a genteel Virginia family but educated at Eton and Cambridge in England. Wormeley was most well-known in his day for being a book collector. He inherited the largest book collection in Virginia at his family estate at Rosegill and added to it during his lifetime. Wormeley’s English ancestry and schooling bred a fierce loyalty in him to Great Britain, and he was roundly criticized during the Revolutionary War period for being a Royalist. Wormeley found himself in hot water after penning a loyalist letter to John Randolph in April 1776, after which he was fined 10,000£ and confined to his family’s hunting lodge about ten miles south of Charles Town.

Despite his Tory tendencies, Wormeley and Washington were long-standing friends, since at least 1764, and Wormeley served as a member of both the Virginia Governor’s Council and the Virginia House of Delegates. Washington’s fond- ness for Wormeley can be seen in the present letter, which he concludes, “I am not less obliged to you, however, my good Sir, for your polite invitation to Rosegill; and if events (at present unforeseen) should ever call me into those parts, I certainly shall avail myself of it. Mrs Washington feels obliged by your kind remembrance of her; and unites with me in best respects to yourself & Lady.”

The present letter comes after an earlier correspondence in May 1799 between the two men, in which Wormeley asked Washington for letters of recommendation to John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox, and Benjamin Lincoln in an attempt to get one of his sons into Harvard. Washington obliged his friend, at least with regard to Knox and Lincoln, as letters to both from Washington dated May 22, 1799 survive today. In his letter to Knox, Washington describes Worme- ley as “a Gentleman of respectability in his own State; a friend to the Constitution & Government of the Union; and a person of Information....”

A wonderful letter from the Father of America in his final days to his old friend, a Loyalist Virginian. Founders Online: https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-04-02-0351 $37,500.

The First Japanese Diplomatic Mission to the United States

85. [Waud, Alfred R.]: [SUBSTANTIAL PEN-AND-INK WASH DRAWING OF THE MEMBERS OF THE JAPA- NESE EMBASSY TO THE UNITED STATES IN 1860]. [N.p., but likely Washington, D.C. ca. 1860]. Ink and wash drawing on paper, approximately 10¾ x 15¾ inches. Couple short closed marginal tears. Near fine. Matted.

A unique piece of original artwork documenting the early history of Japanese-American relations, this is a sketch of the 1860 Japanese Embassy to the United States. Rendered in pen and ink washes, the piece depicts six men of the Japanese diplomatic delegation. Presumably the seated gentleman and the other two wearing tate-eboshi (tall black hats, worn by samurai) are the three plenipotentiary members of the Embassy: Ambassador Shinmi Masaoki (1822-1869), Vice-Ambas- sador Muragaki Norimasa (1813-1880) and Observer Oguri Tadamasa (1827-1868). The subjects are pictured wearing traditional Japanese dress and notably carry daisho, the matched pair of katana and wakizashi swords traditionally carried by the samurai class. One of the other men depicted stands in the background, wears less formal clothes, and is without a hat. He bears a resemblance to images of the youngest member of the delegation, translator Tateishi Onojiro (1843- 1917), affectionately referred to by American observers as “Tommy.” A contemporary manuscript note on the verso reads “Ambassadors in robes of state.”

The Embassy was the first-ever diplomatic mission from Japan dispatched to the United States. While Japan did have some contact with Europe prior to establishing its isolationist “Sakoku” policy in the early 17th century, there had been no formal contact with early colonial America. With the arrival of Commodore Matthew C. Perry in Edo Bay in July 1853, Japan began ending its isolationist policies. During this process a Treaty of Amity and Commerce was negotiated between Japan and the United States, signed on July 29, 1858 on the USS Powhatan in Edo Bay. The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on December 15, 1858, and by Japan on March 19, 1859. A formal Embassy was organized to travel to the United States to exchange the ratifications. They arrived in Washington, D.C. on May 14, 1860 and were formally presented to President Buchanan on the 17th. The ratifications were exchanged on the 22nd, a grand banquet was held on the 29th, and on their final visit on June 5th, the delegates were gifted with commemorative gold medals. The Japanese were met with great interest and enthusiasm at each point of their journey with the newspapers reporting huge crowds.

Noted battlefield artist Alfred Rudolph Waud (1828-1891) was born and raised in London, where he attended the Gov- ernment School of Design at Somerset House before immigrating to the United States in 1850. Upon his arrival, Waud worked primarily as a freelance artist until May of 1861 when he was retained as a sketch artist and special correspondent by the NEW YORK ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPER to report on the war. At the close of 1861, Waud joined HARPER’S WEEKLY, where he was one of their foremost illustrators through the end of the war, and afterwards. He is best known for his depictions of Gettysburg that appeared as engravings in HARPER’S WEEKLY, and for his rendering of “The First Vote” by former slaves during Reconstruction. Waud died in Marietta, Georgia in 1891, while touring southern battlefields.

While some of Alfred Waud’s work remains in private hands, the Library of Congress houses most of his original wartime sketches. This includes two pencil drawings by Waud documenting the same visit by the Japanese Embassy as the present wash drawing. The first is titled, “Scene in the corridor; outside the Japanese apartments at Willards showing one of the princes the use of the microscope and stereoscope” and the second is “One of the Rooms at Willards in which the Japanese will be located – and where their reception will take place.” Both are impromptu, rough, preliminary pencil sketches and do not show the delicate ink washes seen here that give this more complete drawing increased depth and humanity. Plus, those drawings feature only one member of the Japanese Embassy in one of the drawings. The present drawing presents a dignified image of the Japanese diplomatic mission as a whole.

Though the drawing is unsigned, it is accompanied by a letter from Waud’s great-grandson Norman Burns, dated February 14, 1977, in which he states that the drawing was left to him by Waud as part of his collection.

A powerful and unique group portrait of an important delegation from the early years of post-Perry Japanese-American diplomacy. $4750.

A Philadelphia Woman Records Her Journey to the New Jersey Shore in 1798

86. Wheeler, Sarah: JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO LONGBRANCH [manuscript title]. Numerous locations in Penn- sylvania and New Jersey. July 25 to Aug. 5, 1798. [16]pp., 6½ x 4 inches. Gathered leaves, stitched. Minor edge and spine wear. First leaf detached, final leaf loosening. Light foxing. Very good.

A manuscript travel journal written by Sarah Wheeler, recording her whirlwind trip from Philadelphia to Long Branch, New Jersey and back again during the summer of 1798. Wheeler and her three traveling companions set out from Philadelphia on July 25, 1798. Along the way, she records details regarding travel conditions, lodging, her opinions of the countryside and towns, and time spent near and in the Atlantic Ocean, as well as meeting New Jersey’s Federalist Governor Richard Howell on August 4. The traveling party looped their way through Burlington, Monmouth, Long Branch, Englishtown, Princeton, Trenton, and Bristol before returning to Philadelphia, covering about 170 miles by wagon in eleven days. From the nature of the text, it is likely Wheeler wrote out the account shortly after returning to Philadelphia on August 5.

Wheeler’s descriptions of her surroundings and activities are quite evocative. She begins her journey from Philadelphia, as follows (spelling uncorrected):

“The sun had nearly sunk behind the western hills when we reached Dunks’s Ferry. We suffered considerable detention on account of some waggons, that were crossing, however the pale light of the Moon sufficiently compensated for the absence of daylight, & I still recollect with some pleasure the soothing melancholy that fastened on my mind as I gazed on the scenery around, and listened to the stilly noise of the oars dashing the water. I wish it to last longer & almost regretted our reaching the Jersey shore so soon, after a short ride arrived at Burlington, where we had an excellent supper, after which a charming walk along the Delaware, on the banks of which this town is agreeably situated.”

Wheeler is no great fan of New Jersey, appraising the countryside as follows:

“O how far superior are the cultivated hills & smiling valleys of Pensylvania [sic] & if we do receive a jolt now & then over a stony, rough piece of road, still, still I prefer it to such a continued sameness...Monmouth, which tho one of the Principal actions of the late war was fought near this place, appears to have nothing to recommend it...the houses look shabby & Dirty & the inhabitants not much better...the present appearance of Monmouth bore so little resemblance to the idea I had formed of it, that I was pleased when we left it for a small comfortable Inn, called the Colt’s Neck....”

Wheeler reserves nicer words for her pleasant experience on the Jersey coast at Longbranch. Over several pages, Wheeler records the time she spent on the beaches of the Atlantic Ocean, “one of the grandest scenes in nature,” from July 27 to August 3.

“I never recollect spending one week of my life so completely delightful, the weather was generally fine & the sun almost always rose clear, to enjoy which, we went into the surf at the time of its rising. The Day was generally spent in riding or walking about, in parties, & every evening our happy company assembled under the arbour to see the moon which was then full, rise from the bosom of the Ocean & enjoy her mild beams reflected on the broad expanse of water. We walked, set, conversed, & sung, & the noise of the waves dashing against the shore, which to me was melody, filled up the pauses in the voices of my companions. When I recall these scenes, I am lost in the recollection....”

She also has pleasant observations for Princeton, and writes about seeing David Rittenhouse’s Orrery:

“Princetown, which place we were much pleased with...& visited the Colledge...the situation of Princetown is high, & from the top of the Colledge there is one of the finest Prospects that can be imagined, the eye stretches over a large extent of highly cultivated country & at a vast distance appear the hills of Monmouth, fading into the Horizon. We here saw the celebrated Orrery of Rittenhouse – to those who understand Mechanism, it must be a great curiosity, but to me it appeared more complex & abstruse than the system of Astronomy it is designed to Elucidate....”

At this point, Wheeler and her traveling party turn back towards Philadelphia, arriving at Trenton. Here, they are in- troduced to New Jersey Governor Richard Howell, “who favoured us with his company a short time.” The next day they make it to Bristol, Pennsylvania (“the road to this Place was beautifull, I suppose, for four mile you ride along the banks of the Delaware...”) and then onto Philadelphia, “where we arrived between one & two Oclock, after being gone eleven Days and a half – and here that Pain generally succeeds pleasure, I fully experienced, in the shock I received in hearing of my dear little Cousin, J Remington’s Death, tho he was sick when I left home.”

The exact identity of the Sarah Wheeler who authored the present narrative is hard to pin down. She does not appear under her own name in Philadelphia directories of the period. She may be the same Sarah Wheeler who married John Johnson, Jr. of Germantown, and lived at the Germantown estate of Upsala.

An interesting and highly-readable account of a Philadelphia woman’s travels along the eastern seaboard in the waning years of the 18th century. $1750.

Watercolors of Northern Siberian Tribes

87. Znamensky, Mikhail Stepanovich: [THREE WATERCOLORS SHOWING SCENES OF THE KHANTY PEO- PLE, A NORTHERN SIBERIAN TRIBE FROM THE VICINITY OF TOBOLSK, PAINTED TO CELEBRATE THE 300th ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF TOBOLSK AND THE ANNEXATION OF SIBERIA TO RUSSIA]. Tobolsk. [ca. 1880]. Three watercolors, 7½ x 10½ inches, individually matted to 13 x 16 inches each. Fine. In a blue three-quarter cloth portfolio.

A set of three lovely watercolors by Mikhail Stepanovich Znamensky, a prominent 19th-century Siberian artist, writer, historian, archaeologist, and ethnographer. Each is captioned in pencil and all are signed by the artist. The first scene shows two summer tents with three Khanty women seated in or just outside them. One woman holds a child. The second image is a winter snowscape showing a man with three reindeer standing outside a log cabin. The third scene depicts three Khanty people in traditional clothing standing in a dining room, with a Russian official seated on the left; a portrait of the Tsar hangs on the wall in the background and an animal skin is draped on the table.

Very well educated as a religious artist, Znamensky was among the elite of Tobolsk and was close to many exiled members of the famous Decemberist revolt of 1825 (Puschin, Yakushkin, and others), as well as the outstanding Russian writer, Pyotr Yershov. Znamensky worked as a teacher in several religious and secular colleges in Tobolsk, was a translator of the Tatar language, and illustrated the literary works of Gogol, Yershov, Goncharov, and Tolstoy. He regularly published his caricatures in the magazines of Saint Petersburg. His main interest, however, was Siberian history and ethnography. Znamensky’s essays and stories on Siberian history were regularly published in the local magazines, and several of his books on the subject were published in Tobolsk, Tyumen, and Saint Petersburg. In pursuance of his interest, Znamensky traveled extensively in Siberia, Central Asia, and the northern regions of Asiatic Russia in the 1850s and 1860s, making sketches and paintings of the landscapes and tribes. In 1872 his works were exhibited at the Moscow Polytechnic Exhibi- tion, where they were awarded the silver medal from Moscow University.

The present watercolors are from a series of works created to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the founding of Tobolsk and the annexation of Siberia to Russia, which was celebrated in 1885. The artist took a special trip around the towns of the region, the result of which was a unique series of sketches and watercolors. From this body of work an album entitled “From Tobolsk to Obdorsk” was created, specially bound in birch bark. It was comprised of thirty-two images showcasing local life in Tobolsk, Berezov, and Obdorsk, with images of local people, the surrounding area, and historical sketches. The album was exhibited in the Tobolsk Art Gallery in 1889. Later, in 1894, the heir to the Russian throne – the future Nikolai II – visited Tobolsk during his round-the-world trip. He was quite taken with the album, which he acquired for the high price of 800 roubles (per his inscription on the verso of the folder). The album came to the Emperor’s library in the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, and after the Revolution of 1917 it became part of the Russian State Library in Moscow where it currently resides. The three watercolors offered here were not part of that album, but are similar stylistically and clearly come from the same series. For example, the image with the three Khanty and the Russian official appears almost exactly in the album, with trivial changes in detail, such as a different color of tablecloth.

Znamensky’s watercolors weren’t published in Russia before the Revolution of 1917. His album “From Tobolsk to Obdorsk” was printed in facsimile for the first time in 2008. His drawings were used, however, as illustrations in the first and only edition of the book by the Italian ethnographer and anthropologist, Stefano Sommier, UN’ ESTATE IN SIBERIA FRA OSTIACCHI, SAMOIEDI, SIRIENI, TATARI, KIRGHISI e BASKIRI (Florence, 1885). This valuable report of Som- mier’s travels through Siberia in 188 contains fourteen interesting woodcuts based on Znamensky’s watercolors and depicts Samoyeds and Ostyaks resting in their dwellings, riding deer, playing musical instruments, walking in market places, and more. Znamensky’s original works can be found in many Russian state institutions. $12,500.