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HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES 1848, Bringing with It Freedom for the for a Few Years It Seemed That They Hungarian People

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HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES 1848, Bringing with It Freedom for the for a Few Years It Seemed That They Hungarian People 4050 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 15 CONFffiMATIONS May our leaders and Members of this the Government granted the Hungarian legislative body perceive clearly w)lat is demand. The Hungarian leaders were Executive nominations confirmed by needful for the health and happiness overjoyed with the concessions thus ob­ the Senate March 15, 1961: of our citizens and be blessed with the tained without actual physical struggle. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA REDEVELOPMENT spirit of wise statesmanship and gen­ That day became Hungarian Freedom LAND AGENCY erous philanthropy. Day, and as such it is celebrated as a Neville Miller, of the District of Columbia, national holiday. to be a member of the District of Columbia Hear us in the name of the Master Redevelopment Land Agency for a term of who went about doing good. Amen. In retrospect and with the advantage 5 years, effective on and after March 4, 1961. of 113 years' hindsight one can look at this historic event as a landmark in U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY THE JOURNAL Hungary's political history. It is true Edward R. Murrow, of New York, to be Di­ that concessions then made were soon rector of the U.S. Information Agency. The Journal of the proceedings of withdrawn, and the freedom thus granted Donald M. Wilson, of New Jersey, to be yesterday was read and approved. Deputy Director of the U.S. Information was taken away from the Hungarian Agency. people in a ferocious battle in which un­ fortunate Hungarians were faced with DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE Austria's and Russia's oppressive and J. Graham Parsons, of New York, a Foreign HUNGARIAN FREEDOM DAY Service officer of the class of career minister, The SPEAKER. The Chair recog­ overwhelming forces. But the signifi­ to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni­ nizes the gentleman from Massachusetts cance of March 15 of 1848 is not lost on . potentiary of the United States of America [Mr. McCORMACK]. · the people of Hungary. They will never to Sweden. forget that memorable day of 113 years Miss Frances E. W111is, of California, a Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, the ago on which they regained their free­ Foreign Service officer of the class of career turbulent history of the Hungarian peo­ dom, for which they had fought for more minister, tv be Ambassador Extraordinary ple is literally studded with glorious than two centuries. That event brought and Plenipotentiary of the United States of deeds and great achievements. Their to the fore one of the most famous Euro­ America to Ceylon. modern history is marked with a long pean fighters for freedom in the person Frederick E. Nolting, Jr., of Virginia, a series of daring and dauntless struggles of Louis Kossuth. His long and arduous Foreign Service officer of class 1, to be Am­ against their oppressors. life is rightly and closely associated with bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary During the Middle Ages and in the of the United States of America to the Re­ Hungary's fight for freedom. early years of their modem history Hun­ After this glorious event of 1848 and public of Vietnam. garians had been masters of their des­ UNITED NATIONS the bloody wars of 1849, Hungary once tiny, and had become a powerful force in more was submerged in the Austrian Em­ Avery F. Peterson, of Idaho, a Foreign Serv­ East-Central Europe. Then late in the ice officer of class 1, to be the representative 17th century Hungary was united with pire. In the 1860's Hungarians finally of the United States of America to the 17th the Austrian Empire. In this union the succeeded in bringing about the dual session of the Economic Commission for Asia kingdom of Hungary not only became a monarchy. Under the new arrange­ and the Far East of the Economic and Social ments they once more regained equal CouncU of the United Nations. very junior partner, but the Hungarian people were robbed of their traditional status with the Austrians. They were freedom. Against the overwhelming then content with their status, and in the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary WITHDRAWAL power of the autocratic government in Vienna the Hungarian people fought they lived as long as that monarchy Executive nomination withdrawn from with all the means at their disposal, but lasted. But the First World War swept the Senate March 15, 1961: they were unable to restrain Austria's op­ away all vestiges of monarchial institu­ INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION pressive rule over Hungary. They peti­ tions, both in Austria and Hungary. John H. Winchell, of Colorado, to be an tioned for reforms; they protested Hungary was separated, became a re­ Interstate Commerce Commissioner for the against injustices; and at times they re­ public and as such lasted until the out­ term of 7 years expiring December 31, 1967, belled against the Austrian authorities, break of the last war. As we all know, which was sent to the Senate on January 10, but all these efforts were of no avail, and that war proved to be fatal to free and 1961. in the end, until toward the middle of the independent Hungary. •• .... •• last century, they submitted to superior At the end of that war Hungarians force. And then came the revolution of struggled to regain their independence. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1848, bringing with it freedom for the For a few years it seemed that they Hungarian people. were successful in their efforts. But then Soviet Russia intervened. With WEDNESDAY, MARCH 15, 1961 The revolutionary wave of 1848 spread like a wildfire in many parts of Europe. Russian aid, a Communist government The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Its effects and its intensity caused terror was instituted, and since then, except The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, in ruling circles, particularly in capitals for a very brief period of a few days in D.D., offered the following prayer: where autocratic governments were hold­ 1956, they have been held down under ing their own through suppression and Communist totalitarian tyranny. Acts 21: 14: The will of the Lord be force. In Vienna., where Metternich and The year 1956 seemed to be a year of done. his reactionary followers were in power trouble for Communist oppressors in Eternal God, our Father, may we for decades, events moved swiftly. The Eastern Europe. It began with a dem­ seek during this day to identify and Government felt unable to cope with dis­ onstration of workers in Poznan, Poland, unite our wishes and desires more com­ turbances and uprisings in the provinces; where things were quelled by making pletely with Thy divine will, pledging nor could it deal with demonstrations in concessions to the workers. But the real ourselves to make it the central and the city. By early March the Govern­ trouble began in Hungary in late Oc­ controlling thought of our minds. ment was on the defensive. It was in a tober, where people were demanding not Grant that, as we daily pray for our very conciliatory mood. Hungarian just improvement in their material well­ . beloved country, we may be motivated being, but were clamoring for freedom. by a great concern for its honor and leaders in Budapest were well ·aware of security and the preservation and pro­ the situation, and particularly of the The spirit of 1848 was in the air. In the motion of the principles of democracy. helplessness of the Government. They face of resurging popular demands Com­ We earnestly beseech Thee to deliver realized that their turn to deal with the munist leaders in Budapest, like Austrian us from loss of social conscience and Government was approaching. They authorities of 1848, were in a conciliatory from all feelings of complacency and were prepared for it: they drew up a mood. By the end of October the Hun­ contentment while distress and poverty, list of complaints, presented it to the garians had, with very little fighting, unemployment and inadequate housing Austrian authorities in Budapest, and extorted from their oppressors most of affect the lives of so many of our fel­ demanded autonomy and freedom. This what they wanted, above all freedom. At low countrymen. was done on March 15, and on that day the same time the whole free world was 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4051 overjoyed with their apparent success. tions and calling for a free Hungary. Although that revolution was crushed But the Red army, which had held back Right and justice are on the side of the by the czar, the burning aspiration of during the early stages of revolution in long-suffering people of Hungary. If the Hungarian people to regain freedom Hungary, was preparing to move in. we continue to raise our voice in- pro­ was not crushed. - · This it did early in November. Hun­ test, both here in the Congress and. in Their spirit of freedom was so deep­ garians had enjoyed their freedom for the United States, perhaps we can hope rooted that they rose again in 1956, cou­ only a few days when they were faced to see their desperate aspirations ful­ rageously seeking to free themselves with the might of the Soviet's Red army. filled. · from their Communist oppressors. De­ And the revolution of 1956 ended wi-th Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, today, spite the courageous sacrifice of Hun­ the ruthless intervention of Russian March 15, 1961, marks the 113th anni­ garian lives, this effort was cruelly sup­ forces, just as the fighting of 184~49 versary of the Hungarian revolt against pressed by the overwhelming force of had terminated after effective Russian their imperial oppressors. Communist tyranny. intervention. In both cases the move­ It is fitting, although sad, to note that The Hungarians have demonstrated ments ended in blood baths.
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