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A Comparative Study on Steganography Digital Images: a Case Study of Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) and Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Images Formats

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A Comparative Study on Steganography Digital Images: a Case Study of Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) and Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Images Formats (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2018 A Comparative Study on Steganography Digital Images: A Case Study of Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) and Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Images Formats Abdulgader Almutairi College of Sciences and Arts in ArRass, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Abstract—Today image steganography plays a key role for encompass millions of different colors, with each one being exchanging a secret data through the internet. However, the represented by a single pixel. optimal choice of images formats for processing steganography is still an open issue; therefore, this research comes into a table. The raster digital images are commonly used for non-line This research conducts a comparative study between Scalable digital images, since they normally involve complicated Vector Graphics (SVG) image format and Portable Network composition, thin chromatic gradations, and indefinite lines Graphics (PNG) image format. As results show, SVG image and shapes. The most common spread raster digital images format is more efficient than PNG image format in terms of include Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), Windows capacity and scalability before and after processing Bitmap (BMP), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), and steganography. As well, SVG image format helps to increase Portable Network Graphics (PNG) images formats [5]-[7]. simplicity and performance for processing steganography, since it is an XML text file. Our comparative study provides significant On the contrary, vector digital images are constructed results between SVG and PNG images, which have not been seen based on mathematical forms that state geometric features like in the previous related studies. rectangles, curves, lines, circles, and polygons. In addition, these components are loaded with gradients, color, blends, and Keywords—Image steganography; data hiding; raster and tints. Besides that, the lines project a stroke merit like various vector images; Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) and Portable chunkiness and colors for a solid or dashed line. The vector Network Graphics (PNG) images format digital images are used to construct more organized digital images, such as fonts, logos, letterhead. The most commonly I. INTRODUCTION used vector digital images are Vector Markup Language Nowadays, steganography is used widely for delivering a (VML) and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) images formats secure message among different parties distributed across the [8]-[11]. Therefore, the difference between vector images and world. Steganography is a Greek term, which means a raster images is that the vector images are object based and the concealed writing. Steganography comprises four main others are pixel based. The rest of the paper is organized as categories: video steganography, audio steganography, image follows: Section II starts with literature review. Section III steganography, and text steganography. It has been observed gives comparative study on steganography digital images that image steganography is the most popular steganography between portable network graphics (PNG) and scalable vector type due to images frequencies in the internet, and therefore graphics (SVG) images formats. Results discussion and image steganography type is identified for discussion and analysis is presented in Section IV. And the paper has been review in this research [1]-[4]. summarized in Section V. A digital image is a numeric form of a two dimensional II. LITERATURE REVIEW image that is made of image components known as pixels. Broadly, digital images are divided into two main types, Usually, pixels are structured in well-arranged array. The namely raster digital images and vector digital images. The columns number of the array defines width of the image, former are bitmaps that are well-defined through a net of while the rows number of the array defines image height. specific pixels in order to form digital images. The most Broadly, digital images are two types, namely raster digital common spread raster digital images are Joint Photographic images and vector digital images [5]. Experts Group (JPEG), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), The raster digital images are bitmaps that are defined and Portable Network Graphics (PNG) images formats. The through a grid of specific pixels, which jointly structure the latter are constructed based on mathematical forms that state digital image. It concentrates digital images as a pool of geometric features like rectangles, curves, lines, circles, and uncountable small squares called pixels. Every single pixel is polygons. In addition, these components are loaded with coded in a particular sort. It can be produced by an illustration gradients, color, blends, and tints. Besides that, the lines program or generated from a scanner. Thus, raster images can project a stroke merit like various chunkiness and colors for a 170 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2018 solid or dashed line. The most commonly used vector digital images are Vector Markup Language (VML) and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) images formats [2], [5]-[8], [10], [11], [15], [16]. Amongst the various raster’s digital images type, a Fig. 1. PNG24 image in RGB color model. Portable Network Graphics (PNG) image format is the most TABLE I. BASIC COMPARISONS BETWEEN SVG AND PNG IMAGE widely spread raster digital image, which can be attributed to FORMATS. its exceptional features, which are absent in the others raster SVG Images PNG Images No Property image formats. Hence, PNG image format is nominated in the Format Format current research to conduct a comparative study on 1 Type Vector Image Raster Image steganography digital images. PNG image format is designed Limited to image’s 2 Resolution Unlimited to be exchanged smoothly through network, and to work well pixels in online applications like web browsers. The PNG image Slow, since its Fast, since its file’s 3 Speed file’s size often is format provides integrity checking and transmission errors size is small. detection. PNG image format is a free and open source format, larger which was an alternative to GIF. PNG image format supports Support animation Support animation 4 Animation (ECMAScript, CSS, (MNG and APNG 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit, 32-bit, and 48-bit images, while GIF and SMIL) images formats) image format supports only 256 colors and a single It can be 5 Compressed It can be compressed transparent color. In addition, PNG image format excels JPEG compressed image format, particularly in case of a big sized image, which Zooming effects Zoomable without 6 Zoomable shadow in the losses compression, which means when compressed, it does degradation not lose any data. The animated images format of PNG is image. Standardized by Standardized by MNG and APNG images formats. PNG image format is 7 Open Standard W3C ISO/IEC. commonly used for graphs, diagrams, and anywhere to display flat colors and lines, not needing scaling up [2], [5]-[8], [10], III. A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON STEGANOGRAPHY DIGITAL [11], [15], [16]. IMAGES BETWEEN PORTABLE NETWORK GRAPHICS (PNG) AND The RGB (Red, Green and Blue) color model is an SCALABLE VECTOR GRAPHICS (SVG) IMAGES FORMATS essential tool, to edit an image’s pixels in order to hide a This section, presents a comparative study on secret data into PNG image formats. The RGB color model is steganography digital images between PNG and SVG images a collective color model, which collects red, green and blue formats. Firstly, it presents SVG and PNG images format sizes colors together in several means to reproduce a various colors. prior to steganography processing. This is followed by a Fig. 1 presents PNG24 image in RGB color model [6], [17]. discussion on SVG and PNG images format sizes after steganography processing [10]-[15], [18], [19]. Amongst the various vector’s digital images type, a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) image format is the most A. Comparing SVG and PNG Images Format Sizes before widely spread vector digital image. Hence, SVG image format Steganography Processing is selected in the current research in order to conduct a In order to conduct this comparison, we selected the most comparative study on steganography digital images. SVG commonly used three types of image editing software, namely image format is an open standard and based on Extensible Inkscape image editing software [20], Visio image editing Markup Language (XML), which is defined in XML text file software [21], and Dia image editing software [22]. using any text editor. It presents the qualities of being Afterwards, we used these three image editing software to searchable, scriptable, compressible, and also can be zoomed create and edit the three famous images namely, Lena image, and indexed. It supports animation and scalability, since its Baboon image, and Pepper image, and to save each image data is saved as a geometric description, instead of the twice; one in SVG image format, and second in PNG image description of each single image pixel in a raster digital image. format. After that, we calculated image size for all saved Table I presents basic comparisons between SVG and PNG images, and the difference in image size between SVG and images format [2], [5]-[8], [10], [11], [15], [16]. PNG image formats. Table II below presents the corresponding findings [5], [6], [7], [17]. TABLE II. A COMPARISON BETWEEN SVG AND PNG IMAGES FORMAT SIZES BEFORE STEGANOGRAPHY PROCESSING Inkscape Image Editing Software Visio Image Editing Software Dia Image Editing Software Image Name SVG Size PNG Size Size Diff. SVG Size PNG Size Size Diff. SVG Size PNG Size Size Diff. (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bytes) Lena 562,514 1,275,975 713,461 288,569 841,419 552,850 434 336,087 335,653 Baboon 881,448 1,161,746 280,298 1,083,259 1,322,223 238,964 436 629,707 629,271 Pepper 18,652 645,490 626,838 187,391 1,046,081 858,690 437 102,015 101.578 171 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol.
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