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LeaAssociates South Asia Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi Fo//ow-upPub/ic Consultatlon Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Table of Contents

1. OVERVIEW...... 1

1.1 THE GRAND TRUNK (GT) ROAD ...... 1...... 1 1.' THE GRAND TRUNK ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT ...... 2 1. '.1 Over-ill Scope Of Project Wrork .3 I'.2. ' PlProposed Improvement Of The Proj'ect High.iav. 3 / 2.' Environmental A.v4sessnsentIn Th1ePoject. 3 2.4 Conmmunitv Consultation In The Project .4 1. 5 Follvnt-iUp Public Consultation .4 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THis REPORT ...... 4

2. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION IN GTRLP...... 6

2.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 6 2.2 1)BJECTIVES OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATION ...... 6...... 2. COMMNINITYCONSULTATION IN GTRIP...... 6 2.4 CO\MMUt.NITYCONSULTATION PROCESS IN GTRIP ...... 7 2 4. 1 State Level Consultations ...... 8 '.4.2 District Level Pufblic Hearings ...... 8 2.4.3 District Level Consultations ...... 8 2.4.4 Local. 'illage level Consultations ...... 8 2. 5 COMIMINi[TY CONCERNS...... 9 2.7 ADDRLSS.\ALOF ISSUES ...... 14 2.6. I General .1.litigationMfeasures ...... I 4 6.2 addressing the Speccifc Issues ...... 4 I 2.7 CONTINUED cONSULTATION IN GTRIP ...... ,.,.,,., .20 2.7. 1 Information disclosure for Public Reference ...... 20 2. 7.2 Informsation Sharing and Transparency ...... 20 2. 7.3 Follow - up public Consultation Programme ...... 20

3. ORGANISATION OF FOLLOW-UP PUBLIC CONSULTATION 22

3 1 APPROACH TO THE FOLLOW-UPPUBLIC CONSULTATION .. 22 3.1.1 Objectives Of The Follow-lJp Consultation. 22 3. 1.2 Informzed Consent . . . 3,2 INOTRMATIONSHARING ANDDOCUMENTATION .... 23 3.2. 1 Public NVotice& ewspaperAdvertisements... . . 23 .3.'. 2 Briefing MUaterial...... 23 3. ' 3 Maps,l Charts and Banners ...... ,, .. ,.. 23 '.2.4 Reading Material. . . 24 3.2.5 A udio-'isual Presentation AfaterialS . . .25 3.2.6 documentation of the follow-up consultation sessions ...... ,,,.. 25 3._ SELECTIONOF VENUES FOR FOLLOW-UPCONSULTATION SESSIONS .... 26 3.3.1 Basis of selection ...... 26 3.3.2 ' fajor Issues in the selected contract packages ...... 26

LeaAssociates Follow-up PublicConsultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

3 Package JIB at Kanpur ...... 7 3.3.4 Package ZVC at Sasaran ...... 27...... ' 7 .... Package ( B at Barl1iB...... 8 3 4 O ~RUA\NIZATIONOF THE FOLLOW-UP SESSIONS ...... 28 3.) STRUCTURE OF MvEETINGS...... 29

4. FOLLOW-UP PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROGRAMME ...... 30

4.1 IAJOR CONCERNS RAISED BY THE PEOPLE ...... 301 4.2 MIEETING-WISE DETAILS ...... 3 1 4.. 1 .1leetiig at Agra ...... 3 4.2. 2 leetinqg at Kanipur...... 34 .2.3 Mleetinzgat Sasaran ...... 36 1 '.2. .Ifeeting at Barhi ...... 38 4.3 OVERALL COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONOF THE PROJECT ...... 40

List of Tables

TABL.E 1: C( )NTRACTPACKAGES OF TNHP. AND GTRIP ...... 2 TABL.E 2: CO)M UNIT CONSULTATIONCTY SESSIONS IN GTRIP...... 7 TABi.E 3 :DISTRICT LEVEL PUBLIC HEARING SESSIONS...... 8 T tBLE 4: St MIMARYOF R&R ISSUES RAISED BY THE CONMMUNITIES. 11 TAB1.E 5: GENERAL MITIGATION MEASURES SUGGESTED ...... 14 T.13I.Jv 6: MEASURES TAKEN TO ADDRESS THE SPECIFICENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ...... 15

LeaAssociates Follow-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Imorovement Project

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- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~e4-sIates IZ2Lt `oZ7- 1. OVERVIEW

The NationalHighway-2 (NH-2) connecting Delhi with Kolkatais oneof the mostimportant high- densitycorridors in the country.The 1400kmlong NH-2falls in the Upper GangeticPlain in northernIndia and traversesthrough the statesof Delhi,Uttar Pradesh(UP), Bihar,Jharkhand and WestBengal. The NH-2carries between 12,000 and 33,0000passenger car units (PCUs) daily(1998 estimates). Of which,a substantialpart (48% to 86%) of the traffic is goodstraffic. The traffic volumeon most of the sectionsis projectedto grow up to 40,000PCUs between 2005-2010AD and in some sectionswould be as high as 1,25,000PCUs by 2015 AD. The existinghighway is a two-lanecarriageway, with traffic bottlenecks,various highway deficiencies as well as lackof properfacilities. To caterto suchincreased high volumeof traffic, thereis an urgentneed for capacityaugmentation of the highway.

Capacityaugmentation of the NH-2is proposedunder the GoldenQuadrilateral Project (6500km highwayjoining Delhi, Mumbai,Chennai and Kolkata)of the NationalHighway Development Programme(NHDP) of the Governmentof India (GoI). As part of the Delhi-Kolkatasection of the GoldenQuadrilateral (GQ), the Delhi-Agrasection (210km) at the west end,and BarwaAdda - Kolkatasection (278km) at the eastend of the NH-2have already been 4-laned with assistance from the ADB.For the remainingsections, the followingprojects are proposed: The Third National HighwayProject (TNHP) involving 4-laning of 8 contractpackages between Agra and Barwa Adda, with World Bank (WB) financing (477km, under implementation); The GrandTrunk RoadImprovement Project (GTRIP) involving 4/6-laning of 7 contract packagesbetween Agra and Barwa Adda (422.8km, with proposedWB funding); EtawahBypass 4-laning project (13.6km, to be implementedwith NHAIfunding); and AllahabadBypass 4-laning project (87km, to be taken up in 2001ADwith proposedWB funding). Allthe aboveprojects are scheduledto be completedby the lastquarter of 2003A.D.

1.1 THE GRANDTRUNK (GT) ROAD The presentGrand Trunk Road is oneof the mostancient historic transport routes dating back to as early as 15t1' centuryB.C. A major initiativeto re-establishthis roadsystem was madeby Sher Shah Suri, 16th century AD, and the "Sarak-I-Azam"about 1500kmsin length was constructed,from Sonargaon(near Dacca)to the Indusconnecting the importanttowns falling in between.During 1790 and 1890, this road had been reconstructedby the British, between Pesawarand Kolkata,and renamedas the GTRoad.

The GT Roadbetween Wagha border (Amritsar) and Kolkatatraverses across the sevenIndian statesof Punjab,Haryana, Delhi, UP, Bihar, Jharkand and WestBengal. The importanceof the projectcorridor in the regionand the countrycan be ascertainedfrom the following, which furtherjustify the improvementof the highwaybetween Delhi and Kolkata: The highwayfalls in the fertile Indo-Gangeticplains, which accountsfor 30% of the agriculturalproduce of the countryand supports 25% of the country'spopulation;

LeaAssociates 1 4 Folcw-up Public ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road lmprovement Project

This highwayhas beenthe conduitof developmentfor the past severalcenturies, and 7 of the 23 metropolitancities of the countryare locatedalong this highway. As a result of the intensedevelopmental activities along the highway,this area(10km on eitherside) supportsa populationof over40 million; The highwaybetween Agra and Dhanbadpasses through three of the most populousand the leastdeveloped states in India.Any improvementof this importantcorridor will improve their abilityto participatein the economicdevelopment and, The corridoropens up the vast hinterlandof UP,Bihar and Jharkhand to the Gatewayports of the EastCoast (at present,nearly 40% goodsof UPmoves through the westerncoast).

1.2 THE GRAND TRUNK ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT For projectpreparation, the Agra-BarwaAdda section was divided into 5 consultancypackages, andfurther into 16 contractpackages. Eight of the 16contract packages were selectedfor TNHP (seeTable 1), dependingon the projectpreparedness, progress on land acquisitionand utility relocation.Of the remainingeight packages,seven will be taken up under the GTRIP.The AllahabadBypass (Contract Package III-B) hasnot beenincluded as partof TNHPor GTRIP,but will betaken up subsequentlyfor constructionby NHAIwith fundingfrom the WorldBank (WB).

GTRIPincludes the contractpackages A, B & C of ConsultancyPackage I, B of Consultancy PackageII, A & C of ConsultancyPackage IV, andB of ConsultancyPackage V.

Table 1: ContractPackages of TNHP and GTRIP

Contract From To Length Package Description (chainage (Chainage (km) Part of Project

I - A Agra- Shikohabad 199.660 250.500 50.840 GTRIP I-B Shikohabad - Etawah Bypass 250.500 307.500 59.020 GTRIP (start) Etawah bypass 307.500 321.100 13.600 Etawahbypass

I - C Etawah bypass (end)- Bhognipur 321.100 393.000 72.825 GTRIP

11- A Sikandra/Bhognipur- Bhaunti 393.000 470.000 61.600 TNHP

II - B Bhaunti - Fatehpur Border 470.000 38.000 51.330 GTRIP II - c FatehpurBorder- Khaga 38.000 115.000 77.000 TNHP III- A Khaga-Kokhraj 115.000 158.000 43.000 TNHP 1II- B Kokhraj- PaharpurVillage 158.000 245.000 87.000 AllahabadBypass III- c Paharpurvillage -Raja Talab 245.000 317.000 72.000 TNHP

IV -A Raja Talab - Mohania 317.000 65.000 76.100 GTRIP [V -B Mohania-Sasarambypass 65.000 110,000 45.000 TNHP IV -C Sasaram bypass 110.000 140.000 31.100 GTRIP IV - D Sone River- Aurangabad 140.000 180.000 40.000 TNHP V- A Aurangabad- Raniganj 180.000 240.000 60.000 TNHP

V- B Raniganj - Barakatha 240.000 320.000 81.570 GTRIP V -C Barakatha-Barwa-Adda (Dhanbad) 320.000 398.750 78.750 TNHP Total GTRIP 422.780 Source: NHAI, 2000

Lea Associates 2 D Follow-upPublic Consu/tation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

1.2.1 OVER-ALL SCOPEOF PROJECTWORK

The objective of the project is to widen to four/six lanes, the existing highway between Agra to Barwa Adda to meet the traffic needsfor the next 20-30 years. It entailed detailed analysisof the present traffic, and future projections, pavement and soil conditions, materials available, cross-drainagestructures, and environmentaland social/resettlementfeatures.

The widening to four-lane will be confined to within the existing Right of Way (RoW), avoiding land acquisition as far as possible, except for locations where it is absolutely essential from traffic, engineering,environmental and social aspects and where a diversion from the existing alignment is absolutely necessary.

1.2.2 PROPOSEDIMPROVEMENT OF THE PROJECTHIGHWAY

The existing project highway (between Agra and Barwa Adda) has a two-lane (2x3.5m) bituminous carriageway, with paved/unpavedshoulders. It is now proposed to widen this highway by adding a new 2-lane carriageway with paved shoulders and strengthening the existing carriageway by overlays/rehabilitation/reconstruction(including, in places replacingthe existing bituminous pavement by cement concrete rigid pavement). It also includes repair/rehabilitation of existing cross-drainage(CD) structures on the highway and provision of new CD structures on the new 2-lane carriageway.The road will be six-laned in the first 21km stretch of PackageI-A.

In addition to strengthening the existing carriageway,the project would improve the geometric deficienciesincluding the improvementof the various intersections.The proposed improvement aims at improving the riding quality and journey speed,and reducingcongestion of traffic on the highway. It is proposed to provide service roads, proper drainage, grade-separation, road furniture, utilities and amenities whereverrequired.

The project highway passesthrough 4 cities, 19 towns and 253 villages.To minimizethe adverse impacts on the various settlements and to minimize acquisition of land and structures, short bypassesand realignmentshave been proposed. In all, a total of 14 short bypasseshave been proposed apart from the 20km long bypass at Sasaram.The total length of bypassesproposed on this highway is 73.16km (i.e., 17% of the total length of the project highway).

1.2.3 ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT IN THE PROJECT

The project preparation activities for the entire stretch between Agra and Dhanbad(both TNHP and GTRIPstretches) have commencedfrom early 1998. Incorporation and considerationof the environmental and social issues have been taken up at an early stage of the project. The EnvironmentalAssessment has beentaken up as an integral part of the project preparation,and assigneddue importance. Community ConsultationProgramme has been an important part of this process.

Lea Associates 3 Follow-up Pubilc ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

The steps followed in the environmentalassessment process in the projectconsisted of as follows: EnvironmentalPre-feasibility Study; * Scoping; C ReconnaissanceSurveys; o Assemblyand Analysis of Data; o Preparationof a PreliminaryEnvironmental Screening Studies (PESS);

o Documentationof BaselineConditions including delineation of the potentially affectedarea (PIA); o CommunityConsultation; C Assessmentof PotentialImpacts; o Integration of Environmental Assessments in the Design Process: "Mainstreamingthe EnvironmentalComponent"; o Assessmentof Alternatives; , Identificationof Mitigation& EnvironmentalEnhancement Measures; o Preparationof the EnvironmentalManagement Plans (EMPs). Further,the EnvironmentalImpact Assessment(EIA) and the EMPreports prepared for the projectswere reviewedby independentconsultants, and consolidatedreports were prepared closingthe gapsfound during the independentreview.

1.2.4 COMMUNITYCONSULTATION IN THE PROJECT

Communityconsultation has been taken up as an integralpart of socialand environmental assessmentprocess in the GTRIP.The CommunityConsultation Programme has beencarried out at various stages of project preparation,including at the environmentalscreening stage, FeasibilityStudy stage and the EnvironmentalAssessment Preparation stage.

1.2.5 FOLLOW-UPPUBLIC CONSULTATION

A "Feed-backor follow-upprocess" was initiated and concluded(as part of the Community Consultationcomponent in GTRIP)in March2001. This was an attemptto revealall the relevant facts,figures and decisionsmade in the Projectto the peopleso that they can be madefully awareabout the likelypositive and negative benefits arising out of the Project.

1.3 STRUCTUREOF THIS REPORT

This report on the "Feed-backor follow-up"of CommunityConsultation Programme, initiated in GTRIP,excluding the first chapter,has been structured into the following:

Chapter2: CommunityConsultation in GTRIP describesthe variousattempts and types of participatorymechanisms that havebeen a part of GTRIPduring the projectpreparation phase, and the efforts made to resolve communityissues and provide a platform for continued participation.

z7> Lea Associates 4 FPcow-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Chapter 3: Organisation of Follow-up Public Consultation details out the approach towards the follow-up public consultation(carried out during March 2001, over and above the Community ConsultationProgramme described in Chapter 2). This chapter also describesthe processes adopted to share information with the interested individuals, community representativesand other stakeholdersduring the follow-up programme. Moreover,included in detail are the methods used for informationdissemination, and organizationof the consultation sessions.

Chapter 4: The Follow-up Public Consultation Sessions details out the information that has been disseminatedamong the participantsin each of the consultationsessions. This Chapter also discussesthe public opinions, suggestionsand reactions that were received in each such session. Also, reported are the commitments made by the NHAI, with respect to the public suggestionsat these consultationsessions.

Lea Associates 5 Follow-upPublic Consultahon Programme: Grand Thunk Road improvement Project

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Lea Asocites- 0 Follow-tlp PublicConsultation Programme Grand TrunkRoad Improvement Project

2. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION IN GTRIP

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Communityconsultation was an integralpart of socialand environmentalassessment process in the GTRIP. The processhas been carriedout constantlyat various stagesof the project preparation.Community Consultation was viewedas a continuoustwo way process,involving promotion of public understandingof the processesand mechanismsthrough which developmentalproblems and needsare investigated,and resolved.

Consultationwas usedas a tool to inform stakeholdersabout the proposedaction both before and after the developmentdecisions were made. It assistedin identificationof the problems associatedwith the projectas well as the needsof the populationlikely to be impacted.This participatory process helped in reducing public resistanceto change and enabled the participationof the localpeople in the decisionmaking process.

2.2 OBJECTIVESOF COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

Communityconsultation in GTRIPwas taken up in the variousstages of projectpreparation, with the followingobjectives: To promotepublic awareness about the project,especially amongst the potentiallyimpacted communities/individuals; To solicitthe viewsof affectedcommunities/individuals on social/environmental components andthe significanceof impactsdue or consequentof the project; * To informthe potentiallyimpacted communities/individuals about the projectalternatives, and the proposedcourse of action; * To enablethe affectedcommunities/individuals to provide input into crucialdecisions in the design of the project, and the selectionof mitigation,compensation and monitoring strategiesbefore any irrevocabledecisions are taken; To stimulate communityself-evaluation and analysiswith regard to local needs and priorities; To ensurelessening of publicresistance to changeby providingthem a platform in the decisionmaking process; To inform Project Affected Persons(PAPs) about the entitlement framework and ResettlementAction Plan(RAP), and to settle their problemswith mutualconsent and to evolvea frameworkto assistthem during relocation and resettlement.

2.3 COMMUNITYCONSULTATION IN GTRIP

CommunityConsultation has been carried out at variousstages of projectpreparation, including at the environmentalscreening stage, Feasibilitystage and the EnvironmentalAssessment Preparationstage. Table 2 gives a summaryof the publicconsultation sessions that has been carriedout duringpreparation of the GTRIP.

Lea Associates 6 o Fo1/owv-upPub//C Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

CommunityConsultation sessions started with familiarizationof the peoplewith the basic conceptof the projectand the proposedimprovements. The extentor the likely levelof adverse impactswas one of the major criteriain decidinglocations for communityconsultation sessions. Datacollection was not restrictedto simplequestion and answersessions, but an effort was madeto addressthe apprehensionsand queries of the peopleliving along the projecthighway and thereforelikely to be impactedby the project.Further, Focus Group Discussions were held at locationswhere a specifictype of communitywas likelyto be affected.Annexure 1 liststhe locations,and the type of participantsin the communityconsultation sessions conducted along the projecthighway.

Table 2: CommunityConsultation Sessions in GTRIP

Door to Door FcsrupExpert Stakeholders' Dsrc ee Discussions District Level Personal Consultation Consultation Pbi ern Interview ( oous (district) (district) IL ~~~~~~Groups)

I 4 4 5 1 11 All Project affected 4 4 3 3 IV villages covered 3 - 4 4 v 2 1 1 Source:-ndividua/ EIA Reports,GTRJP

2.4 COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONPROCESS IN GTRIP

The consultationprocess established for the project has employeda range of formal and informal consultationtools including,in-depth interview with key informants,focus group interviews(FGDs), village or settlementlevel meetings,workshops and even door-to-door personalcontacts. These consultationsessions have been carried out at different stagesof projectpreparation and will be continuedduring the implementationstage as well. The entire consultationprocess will subsequentlybe monitoredduring the operationof the project.

The communityconsultation programme in GTRIPhas covered the followingstakeholders: Headsof the householdslikely to be impacted; Membersof the householdslikely to beimpacted; Clustersof PAPs; Villagers; VillagePanchayats (or localself governmentbodies); Localvoluntary organisations, community based organisations (CBOs) and non-government organisations(NGOs); Governmentagencies and departments; Other project stakeholders,such as women,tribal and ethnic communities,road user groups,health professionals, etc. A 100% samplewas taken up for individualhousehold consultation (door-to-door personal interviews),and about 10%for the focusgroup discussions (by conductingconsultation sessions

LeaAssociates 7 GG72 Fotlow-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk RoadImprovement Project

at 30 villages). Consultationswere carried out at four levelsfor each type of stakeholders,during the preparation of the project. The levels were:

* Local/Villagelevel Consultations * District Level Consultations * State Level Consultations * District Level PublicHearings

2.4.1 STATE LEVELCONSULTATIONS

State level consultations were conducted involving the concerned state organizationssuch as state pollution control boards, public works departments, etc. The consultation sessions are proposed to continue during the implementation and monitoring stages of the project. See Annexure 1 for details.

2.4.2 DISTRICT LEVELPUBLIC HEARINGS

Realizing that the public hearings serve as excellent means of consultation and participative process,the MoEFhas made public hearing at the district level mandatoryfor projects requiring environmental clearance. Public hearings were conducted (through the state pollution control boards) at various districts (the meetings were chaired by the respective District Magistrates). The details of the public hearingshave been listed in Table 3.

Table 3:District Level Public Hearing Sessions

Package District Location Date I Firozabad Firozabad 14 July, 1999 Fatehpur Fatehpur 26 July, 1999 II KanpurDehat Kanpur 30 July 1999 KanpurNagar Kanpur 19 August 1999 IV Aurangabad Mohania 19 August 1999 v Hazanbag Barhi 21, August,1999 Source:Indlvidual EO4 Reports, G7TP

2.4.3 DISTRICT LEVELCONSULTATIONS

The second phase of public consultationwas conducted at the district level wherein concerned government officials, NGOs and the project-affected groups were involved. The District Magistrates of the concerned districts were involved in these Consultation Sessions. See Annexure 1 for details.

2.4.4 LOCAL/VILLAGELEVEL CONSULTATIONS

Several village meetings were organized in the settlements along the project highway. These sessionswere held in rural, sub-urbanand urban areas to inform peopleabout the purposeand preliminarydesign of the project in order to get their opinion and identify their issuesof concern. Village/local level consultations were held at locations having a substantial number of likely

LeaAssociates 8 o ,FoClcw-up PublicConsultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road improvement Project

projectaffected people. In all, 30 villagemeetings were organizedin differentproject corridors. SeeAnnexure 1 for details.

2.5 COMMUNITY CONCERNS

Consultationwith the communitiesresulted in arrivingat designsolutions, appropriate and conduciveto the felt needsof the people.Some of the concernsand issuesraised by the people were applicablefor the whole projectwhereas some were specificto certainlocations. The issuespointed out by the peoplewere related to both the natural as well as the social environment,particularly on impactsto individualproperties, displacement of peopleetc.

The key issues/concernsmade by local residents,focus groups and governmentofficials are summarizedunder the followingheads: c Air and NoisePollution

In placeslike Kanpur,Rania Padao, Rama Devi, Chandagra (Package II-B), Sasaram(Package IV-A), Barhi, Sherghati,Champaran, Bagodar, Isri Bazar(Package V-B), muchconcern was raisedabout the poorair qualityand dust dueto the traffic. Highnoise pollution was citedas a major problemin placeslike Jaipur,Rania, Rama Devi, Chandagra and Aung (PackageII-B), SinghirawanBarhi, Isri and GorhanBridge (Package V-B). In Maheba(Package IB), the local residentscomplained about the vibrationfelt in the buildingsdue to the heavyvehicular traffic.

Apartfrom these specific locations, there was a generalconcern about the vehicularpollution at congestedlocations all alongthe corridor.It wasalso felt by the publicthat the wideningof the highwayor provisionof bypassesand service roads would reduce the pollutionlevels. Traffic Congestion

At a numberof placestraffic bottlenecksexist, which result in low speed,delays and traffic jams. The width of the roadat suchlocations is highlyinadequate and this makesthe areaprone to accidents.The localpeople from Ekdil(Package I-B), Chandagra,Bhognipur, Rania, Rama Devi, Fatehpur,Bilinda Mureedpur, Usraina and Kanpur(Package II-B), RajaKa Talab (Package IV-A), Singhrawan,Barhi and Isri (PackageV-B) were concernd about the traffic congestion.In mostof theselocations, it was felt that wideningto four lanesof the corridorwill decongestthe highway and will facilitate smoothtraffic flow especiallywithin the settlementsstretches. At critical locations,where wideningwas not feasible,like at Ekdil, a bypasswas proposed.At other locations,underpasses were desired to reduceaccidents.

zi RoadSafety Issues

Thereare a numberof schools,colleges, and hospitals along the corridor,which are sensitiveto hazardsdue to the highwaytraffic. In all the sensitivereceptors and at varioussettlements, road safety issueswere the major concernexpressed during consultation.At placeslike Etawah, Kuberpur,Chaleswar, Etmadpur, Mainpuri, Firozabad, Bakewar (Package I), Kanpur,Thariyon, BilindaThooman (Package II), Raja Talab, Mohania,Sasaram (Package IV), Singhrawan, Champaran,Barachathi, Sherghati, Dhobi, Isri, Gorhar,Barhi, and Madanpur(Package V) road safetyconcerns were raised by the localpeople.

LeaAssociates 9 ,'Folfcv-upPuib/ic Consuftat(on Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Local residents,truck drivers, teachersfrom various schools and collegesexpressed worry about the increasing accidents around the area, which involved school children as well. Speed breakers, subways, widening and bypasses were suggested as general solutions to these problems.Service lanes and underpasseshad beento avoid accidents;bypasses were desiredat Raja Ka Taal and Sirsa Ganj. Other traffic safety measuresand signs were desired at sensitive locations. o Cultural Properties

The local community expressedtheir concernfor minimum disturbanceand proper relocationof the cultural properties along the Project Corridor. The religious structures impacted by the widening processwere desired to be relocatedin discussionwith the communities.At places like Auriaya and Kanpur Dehat (PackageI), Kanpur(Package II), Chandauli,Sasaram and Mohania (Package IV) specific issues were raised regarding religious structures. Design options like shifting the alignment was discussedfor avoidanceof structures, such as at Khwaja Ka Phool (a historic wall and a water body). Communitiesdesired that the religious structures along the highway need enhancementby the project.

l Fauna and Flora

Local people as well as the governmentofficials were concernedabout the trees to be cut along the National Highway. Issues were raised about the impacts on the fauna and flora in the stretches of Wild Life Sanctuaryand Reserved Forest Areas. In Agra and Kanpur Dehat in PackageI, demand was raisedfor plantation of better quality saplingsand mixed tree plantation that improve soil and ground water conditionsin the area. In PackageII, at Bilindaand Rooma, Agriculturists and officials suggested planting fruit bearing trees and to remove the existing eucalyptus plantation. In Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary,suggestion was made to improve tree density by planting traditional species. o Roadside Drainage

During consultation, water logging was raised as a major concern along the National Highway. This problemis more prominent in settlement areas. In placeslike Agra, Etawah,Maheba, Auriya in Package I, Chandauli, Mohania,Sasaram in PackageIV and Isri, Champar, Bagodar etc. in PackageV, this problem was raised. Disposalof water in habited areas, water logging on the surface etc is considered in the design, at various locations, where a drainage schemes is providedand necessarychanges are incorporated. o Water Bodies

Concern was shown towards the quality of water in the ponds and streams along the National Highway. In Mohania (PackageIV) and Madanpurand Bagodar (PackageV), the protection of community ponds was requested. The local people welcomedthe idea of taking soil from the ponds,as it will increasethe depth of the water body and hence increasethe capacity. o RoadsideAmenities

Local peopleand the truck drivers discussedthe need for various roadsideamenities, which are either lacking in some areas or not evenly distributed. At Agra, Etawahand Auriya (PackageI),

LeaAssociates 10 Fotlow-upPobl/c Consu/tation Programme: Grand TrunkRoad Improvement Project

parkingfacility was stressedupon. In Chandagra,Bhognipur (Package II) Raja Talab and Mohania(Package V) the stresswas more on utility areas,public toilets, shopping areas and rest areas.

D Resettlementand rehabilitation

Socialissues were the maintheme discussed in the consultationsessions. These issues mainly relateto the resettlementand rehabilitation amenities in the PAPs.Table 4 describesthe issues relatedto resettlementand rehabilitation,which were raised by the communities,including the suggestionsfrom the communities.

Table4: Summaryof R&RIssues Raisedby the Communities

Pack Sites Issues Raised Suggestions/Demands of PAPs ProbableMitigation Measuresl age _ Assurances Given By The NHAI I-A Tundla * Encroachmentat * Demandof serviceroads for safe * Crossingto be redesigned Tundlacrossing movementof local people * Relocationof the demolishedshops * Sizeof shops is small * Suggestionsfor shop relocation by shiftingthe bus stop buttotal encroachment * Shiftingof the bus stop areais four times more * A doublestory-shopping complex can lthan the shop area be built on the landof the bus stop * Relocationof shops * Constructionof serviceroads and * Drainageand sewage strict enforcement I-A Ussaini * Landacquired on one * Land for land is desirable * Minimisedloss of land/assets side of the roadis seen * Landshould be allocatedwithin the * The replacementcost could enable as a partialact of the village them to purchaseland. authorities l Cuthompetionetosthe * Compensationfor the crops * The policyprovisions of paymentof l * Compensationto the * Adult sons of PAPs shouldbe given compensationfor standingand non- PAPs jobs perennialcrops were explained * Peopleloosing land prefer jobs or * The provisionfor supportfor someskill trainingfor startingnew livelihoodoptions and skill training commercialventures was explained I-A Nagla * Concernfor the safety * Landfor land preferablywithin the * Adequatemeasures would be Shahedlal of the childrendue to village providedto check anticipated l______fast movingtraffic increasedrate of accidents I-A |Giridhari- * Avoidconstruction of * All farmersloosing total landshould * Pointshave been notedfor pur Bypass be [email protected],00,000/acre considerationin the RAP. * Literatechildren of the PAPs to be providedwith jobs. * Othersto be givensuitable options. I-A Rapakhurd * The land for Bypassis * Irrigationfacilities have to be * Pointshave beennoted for beingacquired restored. considerationin the RAP. * The landis fertile and * The local peoplerequire facilities for * The villagerswere made to the farmersare crossing understandthat the nearnessof the l dependenton the land * All compensationbe paidat the rate villageto the city andthe roadwould for livelihood, of marketvalue of landprevailing at furtherfacilitate mobility, hence, the * Divisionof land dueto the time of consultations(24.7.99) businessoptions maybe profitable. the bypass * Literatepeople to be givenjobs. * The contractorsare expectedto * Problemsof irrigation * Less educatedPAPs be givenskill employa large numberof local and consequent trainingfor reconstructingtheir workmen,including the skilled,semi- redundanceof land livelihoodand are ableto regainthe skilledand unskilledlabourers lossof income. I-A Jagmuri * An effortto avoidland * Facilitateirrigation for the farmers * The pointswere takennote of for Kasba- acquisitionfor bypass whoseland is gettingdivided into considerationin RAP. Sarai and strengthenthe two. Haderpur existingroad * Compensationto be consideredc Rs. 80,000per Bigha * Educatedchildren of PAPsbe given jobs. * Othersmay be providedwith facilitiesfor skill acquisitionto reconstructtheir livelihood.

Lea Associates 11D Follow-upPtlblic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Pack Sites Issues Raised Suggestions/Demands of PAPs ProbableMitigation Measures/ age AssurancesGiven By The NHAI -A Ukher- * The land requiredfor * All compensationhas to be givenat * The pointswere taken noteof for khand the Bypassis fertile prevailingmarket value. considerationin RAP. and the farmersare * The facilityfor crossing is required dependenton the land for those whoseland is getting for livelihood. dividedinto two. Drainagefacilities are * Irrigationfacilities be providedfor to be provided. thosewho owntube wells, bore wells, and whoseland is getting divided, * Farmersloosing total land be given rehabilitationassistance * Marginalfarmers are providedwith jobs for reconstructingtheir livelihood -A Jasoli Kala * Problemof divisionof * Irrigationfacilities to be provided * The pointswere taken noteof for agriculturalland * Crossingfacilities have to be considerationin the RAP holdings provided * Problem of irrigation I-A Sarai * Problemof irrigation * All compensationto be as per the * The pointswere taken noteof for Haivatpur * Acquisitionoffertile land marketvalue as the landis fertile considerationin the RAP * Irrigationfacilities be provided * Farmersloosing total land shouldbe provided jobs -B Katfori * Effect on the structures * Peopledemanded that the RoW * Suggestionsconsidered for the RAP along the roadsidedue shouldbe reducedto save the to roadwidening structures * Relocationof the shops * Wideningshould be such,which would effect the minimisesthe displacement. businesswhich has * Gram Pradhanoffered the 4-5 acres been running for a long of landavailable with Gram Sabha time for relocation -B Sarai * Poorpeople need * 95% of peoplebeing belowpoverty * Suggestionsconsidered for the RAP Murlidhar compensation line needcompensation in form of * Concernfor the school, built up houses shops and housesthat * New houses shouldcontain basic are gettingaffected modernfacilities I-C Muradganj * Buildingstructures, * PAPssuggested construction of a * The feasibilRtyof the Bypassand the houses and shopsare Bypass. cost effectivenesswill haveto be getting affected judged l-C Anantram * The roadtraverses * PAPs demandedthat theyshould be * Serviceroad and subwaywill haveto througha densely given'Patta" for the land be consideredfor construction,to populatedlocality, compensation avoidaccidents. thereforeincreasing the * The PAPswere explainedabout the accidents Policyprovisions and were assured * Peopleconcerned that theywould all get whateverthey aboutcompensation are entitledfor. I-C Mahewa * Land and structures * Peoplewith large familiesdemanded * To avoiddisplacement and alongthe roadare land for landor marketvalue demolitions,the extentof widening gettingaffected * Marketshould be constructedin lieu has to be reconsidered. * Peopleconcerned of the shopsthat are being l aboutcompensation demolished. * Panchayatland could be made availablefor public purposes. I-C Mehmood * There are no service * Demandfor serviceroads * The points had beentaken noteof for pur & roads. * Demandfor special consideration the realignmentin the design. Peetampur * The areaMehmoodpur (Dist. has to be treated at par Kanpur with Sikandra. Dehat) Il-B Bhanuti * Templesand shrines * People-areready to relocatethe * Peoplehad been convincedthat are gettingaffected. shrinesin most places betterreligious structures would be provided at proper sites.

Lea Associates 12 Followv-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Pack Sites Issues Raised SuggestionsiDemands of PAPs ProbableMitigation Measures/ age Assurances Given By The NHAI Rooma * All encroachments * Peoplehave suggested that its * Provisionof bypasshad been made haveto be removed betterto havea bypassinstead of * Trees are getting demolishingthe old structures. affected * PAPswant that the community i * Safetyissues shouldbe consultedbefore the especiallyfor children drawingsof the roadare finalised * Compensation,lower * Safetymeasures be adopted than the marketprice. * Compensationbe madeat market * Increasedcompetition prices for employment IV-A Jagdsh- * The entirefrom other * Shiftingthe centreline to the northto * New carriagewayhas been shiftedto sarai regionswill villageat savethe existingvillage lying near the northand the villagehas been the curveis getting the curveby straighteningthe curve saved affected IV-A Chandauli * Shopsallotted by Zila * Suggestionsfor bypasswere made * Effortshave been madeto save Parishadand Nagar to avoidlarge scale demolition maximumnumber of structureseven Panchayatshould be then many structurescould not be saved saved. * Provisionof bypasswas not feasilble. IV-A Saidraja * Religiousstructures * Bypassto save Mosque,shrine, * Bypasshas been provided gettingaffected madarsaand numerousother * High accidentincidence structures nearmarket area. * Bypassto reducethe numberof accidentsnear market area IV-C Moresarai * To save villagewhich is * Southwideningh would notonly * Sasarambypass provided on the northand close savethe villagebut also two temples to carriageway. on the north IV-C Sasaram * ExistingMazar on the * Unanimoussuggestion for a bypass * SasaramBypass provided centreof the road, was the solutionfor all problems temple,etc., will be includinghigh rate accidents. affected. * Accidentis an issue; particularlyfor school children IV-C Karaudia * One big and two small * Suggestionwas madeto widenthe * SasaramBypass provided Village templesas well as roadequally on both sides so that villageshould be saved the impactis minimal IV-C Suara * Many PAPs * Suggestionwas madeto shift the * SasaramBypass provided Village * Apprehensionabout alignmenton the south compensation IV-C Coal * Templesare getting * Savethe Brahmatemple and the * Templeswould be saved market, affected associatedDharmashala at any cost * Serviceroad has been providedon Dehrion- * both sides Sone V-B Chou- * Drainageproblem * Minimisedemolition of structures * Raisedcarriageway with four drain paran * Safetyissue * Provideservice roads systemto solvethe problemof * Minimisingdemolition drainage * Width of the medianreduced to 1.5m - -____from 3.5m V-B Barhi * Structuresare getting * Peopledemanded a bypassto * Bypasshas been providedto reduce affected minimisethe demolitionof structures the demolitionof structures,prmarily commercialstructures Source:Individual RAP Reports of PackagesI to V

Lea Associates 13 Follow-up Pub/ic ConsultatIon Programme: Grand Trnnk Road Improvement Project

2.6 ADDRESSAL OF ISSUES

2.6.1 GENERALMITIGATION MEASURES

The general mitigation measuresto be adopted for different environmental issuesin the entire processof the planning and implementationof the project are given as follows:

Table 5: General Mitigation Measures Suggested

Environmental Issue General Mitigation measures suggested Dust and Air Pollution Plantationof trees and shrubsalong the highwayand on median. Pavingof Shoulders Turfing on earthenslopes and earthenshoulders Water sprayingto be adoptednear the crushers duringconstruction stage. Increasednoise levels Provisionof Noiseaftenuating wall nearsensitive receptors No-hornssignage near schools, colleges and hospitals Tree plantationand developmentof green belts alongthe projectcorridor abutting settlements to attenuatetraffic noise Traffic Congestion Improvementof intersections Provisionof Flyovers,bypasses, underpasses and servicelanes etc at suitablelocations Roadwidening itself will be a major factorto avoidtraffic jams Roadsafety Provisionof Servicelane to separatelocal traffic from throughtraffic Vehicularand pedestriantraffic segregationby provisionof footpaths Properhighway signals provided Widening of bridgesto avoidaccidents Proposalis madefor traffic controlmeasures including speed limits to be enforcedstrictly Gradelevel pedestrian crossing Proper lighting at accident prone locations Culturalproperties Care has beentaken to preservesites of culturalheritage as far as possible. Where unavoidable,the religiousstructures within RoW to be relocatedonly after consultationwith localcommunity. Faunaand flora Tree clearingwithin RoW has been avoidedbeyond what is directlyrequired for constructionactivities and or to reduceaccidents Giantneighbourhood trees recognizedlocally as importanthave been preservedas far as possible. Identificationof fruit bearingtrees and shadytrees, to be plantedon the roadside. RoadsideDrainage Raisingof roadsections and crossdrainage structures in areasfacing overtoppingproblems. The lengthof someof the bridgeshas been increasedto includeflood flowsof highintensity. Provisionof properdrainage scheme for the settlements Water bodies Communityponds has beenavoided as far as possible In unavoidablecases provisionfor increasingdepth of waterbodies to increaseits capacityis made, Roadside amenities Provisionof facilitieslike RestAreas, Truck stoppagesite (lay bye) and bus stops alongthe highway

2.6.2 ADDRESSING THE SPECIFIC ISSUES

The issuesidentifled during the community consultationexercise formed valuable inputs into the design processand subsequentlyformed the basisfor design of mitigation measuresfor specific locations. The community consultation exercise not only helped to identify and prioritise the issues of concern but also provided solutions for the same through this interactive process. Various mitigation measures suggestedby the people themselves have been listed in Table 4 and Table 6. The measureshave been weighedfor their suitability and accordinglyincorporated,

LeaAssociates 14 Fol/ow-uo Public Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

in the details of which can be referred to in Chapter 7 on Mitigation Measures in the ConsolidatedEnvironmental Impact AssessmentReport (Volume 1) and in the Environmental ManagementPlans prepared separately for each of the 7 Contract Packages.

The details regarding the addressing the issues related to the social (resettlement and rehabilitation) issuesare given in Table 4. Similarly,the details related to the mitigation and/or managementof environmental issuesraised by the communitiesare given in Table 6.

Table 6: Measures Taken to Address the Specific Environmental Issues

Environmental Package Location Individual/ 1 Suggestions Made By the 1 Measures Taken Issues Raised & Organization | Communities l Chainage /Group l Vehicular Pollution: Air/Noise/ Vibrations Vibration due to IB Maheba Local Development of green belts, Heavy Traffic 348-354 residents Road side plantation Cust and IIB Kanpur Local People Intersection improvement to reduce Paved shoulders and turfing of ernissions 491.5 air pollution. land beyond shoulders Spraying of water at crushing units Concern on poor IIB Rania Padao, Local People Development of green belts, air quality Rama Devi, Road side plantation .______Chaudagra High Traffic Noise lie Jainpur, Local People Widening of the highway or Widening proposed Rania, Rama provision of a bypass or a flyover Tree plantation Devi, could reduce the noise level. No horn signs for sensitive zones Chaudagra, .Aung Heavy air l IVA Sasaram Local people A bypass should be constructed Bypass proposed prollution %116-120 Rohatas Development of green belts, District Road side plantation Heavy air VB Barhi Local 5.05 km bypass provided to ease pollution 281 Sherghati, residents out traffic, and improve the air Chauparan, quality .______L ______Bagodar, Isri Noise and air VB Singhrawan, Truck Diversion and traffic segregation pollution 281 Barhi, Isri drivers/local through service roads. residents High Noise level VB Singhrawan Local people Tree plantation 275.35- No horn signs for sensitive zones 277.15 1.8 km service road to reduce traffic congestion and reduce noise Traffic Congestion and Safety Issues Pedestrian safety IA Chaleswar Central Soil & Subway requested for vehicles and This is within six laning portion 207-208 Water pedestrians to pass. Service Road provided Conservation At Chalewsar widening should be At Chaleswar widening proposed Officer, towards south towards south

Congestion due to IA Tundla Local People A 6 lane flyover proposed. encroachment Crossing Proposal for strict enforcement of parking and traffic rules. Accidents IA Kuberpur Teacher, Subway requested Subway provided involving school 208-210 Vimladevi children Inter College High frequency of IA Etmadpur Principal, Suggested school sign, speed Minimised displacement. accidents 216 Vimia Devi breaker and subway near the Provision of service roads & Low shoulder Inter College, school. street lights. along the road. Garhi Ram Widening at Etmadpur curve. Provision of sign boards & speed Bhgupur breaker

Lea Associates 15 7 F/ilov-upPubl/c Consultation Programme; Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Environmental i Package Location Individual/ SuggestionsMade Bythe MeasuresTaken Issues Raised & Organization Communities Chainage /Group Accidentprone IA Firozabad Kanjara(].B. Suggestedtwo-way traffic with sign At Tundla roadwidening will be area 234-242 Inter College) of schoolon highway. with minimuminconvenience to Firozabad WideningatTundla the people

High frequencyof IA Firozabad Principal, Suggestedsubway I priority sign of Signboardfor school accidert 234-242 Girls College, schoolI flyover l hunk Semielevated highway Firozabad High frequencyof IA Firozabad OS,Bharteeya SpeedBreaker j Sign of School Signboardfor school acciderts 234-242 Inter College, Semielevated highway Low shoulder Dhatari, Firozabad Monthly9-10 IA Firozabad Teacher, Relocationof schooland speed Signboardfor school accidentsin this 234-242 Sara! breakerl sign of school Semielevated highway st etch. Muralidhar Accidentprone IA Firozabad Teacher, Speedbreaker / sign of school Signboardfor school, area 234-242 Ukhrend, Semielevated highway AccidentPrDne IA Firozabad Localpeople Wideningat RajaKa Tal. BypassAt RajaKa Tal a area 234-242 Wideningat Firozabad. Semi elevatedhighway at Wideningat SirsaGanj Firozabad At SirsaGanj - Bypassprovided. AccidentProne IA Mainpuri Teacher Speedbreaker / sign of schooland Signboardfor school area 234-242 GangaDevi repaintingof shoulders College Increasingrate of IB Jaswant LocalPeople Concentricwidening acciderts at 306-325 Nagar, Etawah Accident-prcne IB Etawah Deptt.of Subway/ speedbreaker. Realignmentat Ajitmal area.Monthly 5-6 306-325 Botany accidents. Janta College Ajitmal I Congestion at the 18 Ekdil DM, Gram Expansionshould be done on both Ekdil bypassprovided to schoolgate 326-330 Pradhans, side in congestedareas. decongestthe Ekdil area In Bara-Sikandrastretch expansion be done on both sides. Accident-prcne IB Bakewar Degree Subway/ Speedbreaker A 4.3 km long realignment areadue to 338-343 College proposed congestion Bakewar Inadequatewidth IIB Chaudagra, Truck drivers Serviceroads provided in of highway Bhognipur congestedareas Congestionand IIB Rania,Rama LocalPeople Up and down vehiculartraffic to be Serviceroads provided in traffic jams 15-17 Devi, segregated congestedareas, Provision of Fatehpur grade separatorat RamaDevi. jand______Bilinda Raisedcarriageway at Rania Accidentprone IIB Mureedpur LocalPeople Wideningof the highway Raisingof carriagewayat area and Usraina. Usraina. Accidentprone IIB Kanpur LocalPeople Segregationof local and through Bypassprovided at Rooma. area 491 traffic Raisedlevel of carriagewayand Flyoverat RamaDevi Crossingand traffic segregation,provision of SAIL/ PankiCrossing. underpass Underpasseson Kanpur Bypass Manyaccidents II Thariyon Women Provisionof Zebra crossings, invclv ng children and Bhaunti mandatorysigns and guard rails Accidentprone II District level Provisionof RCWat Chaudagra Area Officials and Rania Accidentprone II Bilindaand Truck Drivers Properlighting at locationslike Provision for standardspeed Area Rooma, bridgesand congestedareas breakersdesigns. where Vehicularand pedestriantraffic Provisionof highwaysignals. bypasswas shouldalso be separated under consi- Propersigns & wider bridges deration

Lea Associates 16 Follow-upPub/ic Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road lmprovement Project

Environmental Package Location Individual/ SuggestionsMade By the MeasuresTaken Issues Raised & Organization Communities Chainage /Group Accidentprone jIV A RajaTalab LocalPeople Underpassat UrbanAreas In congestedareas underpass Area To providesafety measuresat has been provided Lanka-Chitaipurcrossing (before toll plaza) on VRMBypass (Km 12-VRM) Accidentprcne |IV Mohania Provisionof propercrossing at high Provided Area Localpeople embankmentsat urban areas, Proposedto constructthe new bridgeon DurgawatiRiver towards the south side of the existingbridge Frequent IVA Sasaram Local People Bypassis the only solution in order Bypassis providedat Sasaram accidents 116-120 and the to prevent accidentsat Sasaram Elected market Represen- tatives Frequent IV Aurangabad Local people Servicesroad at Urbanisedareas on All provided accidents Aurangabadbypass Flyover/underpass at Dattan ganj chowk on Aurangabadbypass Flyoverat Barunrailway crossing Frequent IV Rajatalab LocalPublic To providesafe passageat the start Flyoverprovided in the start of accidents of VRMbypass (Raja talab). VRM Bypass Frequent IV Rajatalab LocalPublic To providesafety measuresat Provided accidents Lanka-Chitaipurcrossing Frequent V Singhrawan/ Truck drivers/ Betterroad Pavementcondition Incorporatedtraffic safety accidents Chauparan/ local measuresin design Bara chatti residents Frequent VB Sherghati LocalPeople 700mlong serviceroads on both accidents 210 sides havebeen providedwith an underpassof 13m width and 130mlong. Accidentprcne VB Barhi Truck drivers, Safetymeasures 5.05 km bypasshas been area 281 residents, provided Police Traffic Bottleneck, VB Singhrawan, Truck drivers, Diversionand traffic segregation Provisionof 5.35 km bypassroad low speedand 252-357 Barhi local was proposed at Isri delay (km283),Isri, residents Safetyissue V B Chouparan Serviceroad providedfor the Barkatha safety of the residents Width of the medianreduced to 1.5m from 3.5m Cultural properties Affectingtemples IS Bhanuti LocalPeople Peopleare readyto relocatethe Better religious structureswould and shrines shrinesin most places be provided at proper sites Affectingtemples Saidraja LocalPeople To save mosque,shrine, madarsa Bypasswill save religious and shrines and numerousother structures structuresand other buildings Disturbanceto IC Auriya LocalPeople Savingof religious placesetc. Minimum disturbanceto religious religiousplaces 379-331 places. Disturbanceto IC Kanpur LocalPeople Protectionof Kwaja Ka Phool Wideningtowards north for the religiousplaces Dehat historic place. length of the wall to the south of the lake. Disturbanceto IIB Kanpur District level Minimumstructures will be religiousplaces 491.5 Officials demolishedby varying median size, north/south alignment Disturbanceto IVA Chandauli LocalPeople Suggestedfor Bypass,to save large Avoidanceof religiousstructures religiousplaces 31-32 scale dismantling,big mosque, by shifting the alignment shrine,temple Relocationto be done only after communityconsultation.

Lea Associates 17 Fc/lcw-upPub//c Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Environmental Package Location Individual/ SuggestionsMade Bythe MeasuresTaken Issues Raised & Organization Communities Chainage /Group Disturbanceto IVA Sasaram, Elected Unanimoussuggestion for a bypass SasaramBypass provided religious places, 116-120 Karaudia Representativ Suggestionwas madeto widen the existing rnazaror [ Village es roadequally on both sides so that the road, Kali the impact is minimal temp e, a big and two small temples

Templesare IVA Coal market, Local people Savethe Brahmatemple and the Templeswould be saved getting affected Dehri on- associatedDharmashala at any cost Serviceroad has been provided Sone Fourtrucks parking areas(two for on both sides loading andtwo for unloading) Disturbanceto IVA Chandauli LocalPublic Bypass,to save large scale Bypassproposed religious places 31-32 dismantling Existingreligious structureswill be re-established Disturbanceto IVC Mohania LocalPublic Reestablishmentof religious Avoidanceof religiousstructures religious places structures by shifting the alignment SaveHanuman temple situatedat Relocationto be doneonly after the chandanichowk (Mohania). communityconsultation. Fauna and Flora Impact on Road T IA Agra LocalPeople Plantationalong the project road in Incorporateddesign changes to side Plantation 200 Agra District. savequantitatively better trees.

Impact on Wild ! IA Agra SDFO Agra RFanimal underpasses Provided life 200 Agra Forest Division Impact on IC Kanpur LocalPeople Mixedtree plantation insteadof Strip plantationwith adequate Roadside Dehat ground water depletingEucalyptus trees Plantation trees Cropslikely to be IIB Bilindaand Agriculturist Coveredby RAP affected Rooman Impact on Road IIB District level Plantfruit bearingtrees Strip plantationwith adequate side Plantation Officials Removeeucalyptus trees Impact on IVC Mohania DFO, Public Parksand tree plantationalong the Landscapingscheme along the Roadside Representativ road highwayand the medianfor Plantation es,CO better environment Impact on Forest VB Gautam DFO Trees should be re-plantedusing Landscapingand plantationalong and Wildlife 242-268 Buddha (Wildlife), local and traditional species the highwayof local and Wildlife GayaDivison traditional species Sanctuary Drainage Roadsidewater IA Agra LocalPeople Needfor proper drainage Designincorporated necessary loggingin Urban 200 changes. areas. Drainageproblem IB Etawah LocalPeople Needfor properdrainage The wetlands in this side will be at Etawahbypass 306-325 developedwith proper and at Maheba landscapingand Arboriculture. Drainageproblem IC Auriya LocalPeople Needfor properdrainage Incorporatedin designs. 379-381 Drainageproblem IIB Circuit DMs,Gram Effluent treatment plant at Rania to Nil. 491.5 House, Pradhans, be constructedwith the help of Kanpur Public UPSIDC,NHAI and District representativ administration es Drainageproblem IVA Chandauli LocalPeople Properdrainage system Drainsprovided on both sides 31-32 Drainageproblem IV Mohania Localpeople To provideproper drainagescheme, Provided Kamiur with outlet at the crossingof station District road

Lea Associates 18 Follow-up Pub/ic Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Irnprovement Project

Environmental Package Location Individual/ Suggestions Made By the Measures Taken Issues Raised & Organization Communities Chainage /Group

Drainage problem IV Mohania DFO, Public Suggested for proper drainage Roadside drains provided Representativ scheme at Mohania ______tes,_ CO _ Drainage problem IVA Chandauli Local Public Need to provide proper drainage Roadside drains provided !31-32 scheme Poor D0ainage VB Isri Villagers from Need for proper drainage Raised culverts with roadside Pocr water quality Bazar/Chaup Madanpur drains provided. of tie stream. l aran/Shergh and Bagodar atifBarachatt i/Bagodar Drainage problem VB Chouparan Local People Need for proper drainage Raised carriageway with drainage Barkatha system provided Water bodies Impact on IV Mohania Local people Welcomes the proposal of taking Proposed community ponds soil from the ponds Water scarcity IV Mohania Local Public Solve the water problem by Deepening of the waterbodies increasing the depth of ponds being impacted by the project is proposed

Impact on V Madanpur, Villagers from Community ponds should be saved Protection of community ponds community ponds. Bagodar Madanpur with a 2m high embankment. and Bagodar These ponds shall be excavated to increase their depths. A bathing ghat with shelter is also ______=______provided. Road-side Amenities No Parking fac lity IA Agra Local People Truck parking at Etmadpur and Truck parking places have been 200 Rambhag provided No Parking facility IB Etawah Local People Truck Parking and Rest areas at Truck parking areas provided 306-325 Ekdil. No Parking facil ty IC Auriya Local People Truck parking at Auriya, Bus stops Truck bay at Auriya & bus stops 379-381 shelters etc., development of picnic and shelters provided. spots Enhancement of Water body at Auriya No Parking facility lIIE District level Provision of lay byes and wayside Lay byes, bus stops and service l______I Officials amenities lanes provided No Roadside IIB Chaudagra Truckers Facilities like dhabas, restaurants, Provision of rest areas, bus stops facilities and utility and repair and spare part shops, toilets, and lay byes, etc. areas Bhognipur resting places, parking lot, PCOs No proper Truck IVA Coal market, Local people Four trucks parking areas (two for Service road has been provided Parking area Dehri on- loading and two for unloading) on both sides but no parking Sone place has been provided Lack of Built and IV A Raja Talab Local People Public toilet at Urban Areas Provided under the project if land shopping area Shopping complex for PAPs is made available No toilet facility IV A Mohania Local people Public toilet at Urban Areas Provided under the project if land is made available No toilet facility IV Raja talab Local Public Public toilet at Urban Areas Provided under the project if land is made available Too many trucks IVC Barun Proper truck parking facilities Rest areas has been provided in found parked this section Rest areas IV C Mohania Local Public Need for Yatri sheds Provided under the project if land Public toilets at Urban areas. is made available; Rest areas has been provided in this section Displacement Source: Individual ElAs, EMPs,and RAPs.

Lea Associates 19 Fo//ow-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

2.7 CONTINUED CONSULTATION IN GTRIP

In all the 7 contract packages of the project, it has been fully realized that, to redress the environmental issues likely to surface during construction and operational phases, a constant communicationneeds to be establishedwith the affected communitiesand the road users.This has been ensured by regular progress monitoring of the construction and inviting suggestions/ complaints through GrievanceRedressal Cells (GRCs) under the PIUs and with co-operation of the NGOs. Meetings will be organized with the Project Affected Householdsand the various stakeholdersat regular intervals at the potential hotspot/sensitive locations before and during the constructionperiod.

A plan for the continued participation of the various stakeholders,especially the project affected has been already worked out to ensure time bound and effective achievements of the implementation of the various EA measures proposed. This plan covers the following main elements -

2.7.1 INFORMATION DISCLOSUREFOR PUBLIC REFERENCE

The EIA / EMP has been disclosed at several locations, for the benefit of the interested community, and the stakeholders.The summary EA Report has been kept for public referencein order to disclose the project information to the interested individuals and groups. The EIA has kept for public referenceat the following locations-

* State PublicLibrary at Patna,Bihar * State PublicLibrary at Ranchi,Jharkhand

* State PublicLibrary at Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh * BenarasHindu University(BHU) Library at Varanasi In addition to these, copies of the EIA/RAPreport will be available at the NHAI headquarter library at New Delhi, and at the NHAI Project Implementation Unit Offices at Agra, Kanpurand Varanasi (all in Uttar Pradesh), and Jumri Talaiya (Bihar). The report from these places will be available to the public on request for reference.Moreover, NHAI proposesto include the report in the NHAI website in near future. The reports will also be available to the public at the WB Infoshop at Washington DC,and WB New Delhi as per the WB disclosurepolicy.

2.7.2 INFORMATION SHARING AND TRANSPARENCY

NHAI project implementation units' (PIUs) offices in the 4 major settlements along the stretch (Agra, Kanpur,Varanasi and Jumri Talaiya) will provide factual information on environmental / resettlementissues to the people, in a continuousmanner.

2.7.3 FOLLOW- UP PUBLIC CONSULTATIONPROGRAMME

Thee NHAI, as part of the continued communityconsultation programme in the GTRIP,and on the basis of recommendationsmade by the World Bank (during the appraisal of the project in February2001) has conductedthe "Follow-up PublicConsultation" during March 2001.

During the follow-up consultation, an attempt has been made by the NHAI to reveal all the necessaryfacts, figures and decisionsmade in the project to the people (so that the people can becomefully aware about the likely positive and negative benefits arising out of the project). To

Lea Associates 20 Follow-upPublic Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project document the proceedingsof these follow-up meetings, and to presenta complete over-view of the community consultation programmethat has been organised in the project, this report has been prepared.

E=Cs LeaAssociaues 21 -D Fol/ow-upPub/lc Consultation Frogramme. Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

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(e FO)7 (CA~;Z

,71 FP/,low-upPub/ic Consultation Programme: Grand TrunkRoad Improvement Project

3. ORGANISATION OF FOLLOW-UP PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Publicconsultation is a continuous,two-way communicationprocess, which involves promoting full public understanding of the processes and mechanisms through which developmental problemsand needs are investigatedand solved by the responsibleagency. It is a technique, or a series of techniquesthat is designedto benefit both project proponents, the target beneficiary groups and/or potentially affected communities/individuals.

Consultation with the community and their involvement in different stages of project planning and implementation is often used as a tool to inform and educate the stakeholdersabout the proposedaction both, before and after the developmentdecisions have been made.

It can assist in the identification of problemsassociated with the proposed project, the needs and values of the population likely to be impacted by a project. It can also act as a means of increasing the proponent's credibility and lessening public resistanceto change by providing them a platform in the decision-makingprocess.

3.1 APPROACH TO THE FOLLOW-UP PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Community Consultation has been a major component in project preparation of the GTRIP. Beyond the scope of conventional consultation, the Project has incorporated views of the community in all stages of project preparation. This has helped in generating of a positive outlook and has helped in confidencebuilding of the concernedcommunity towards this Project.

3.1.1 OBJECTIVESOF THE FOLLOW-UPCONSULTATION

The follow-up public consultationwas carried out in the project with the following objectives:

To disclosethe details of the project, includingdiscussing the actions/measurestaken in the project on issues raised by the communitiesearlier (during the feasibility study and detailed engineeringstages of the project preparation); To assure the public that adequate care has been taken in the project to minimise probable negative impacts and to maximisethe overall and specific benefitsof the Project; and, To ascertain that peopleappreciate the relevant (local) componentsof the project, including that they are happy with the solutions (mitigation and/or managementmeasures) provided vis-a-vis the issuesearlier raised by the communities; To identify the issues,which remain unresolved,or the issues,which have not been taken care during project preparation,if any, or, to identify where further action is necessaryfrom people's perspective; * To call upon the people, includingthe stakeholdersto contribute positivelyto the project.

3.1.2 INFORMED CONSENT

In its broadest terms, 'informed consent' meansthat a person agreeing to something does so voluntarily and on the basis of a full understandingof the reasonsfor and consequencesof his acceptanceor refusal. This approach of 'informed consent' empowers the communities and

LeaAssociates 22 Fc/loaw-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Roadlmprovement Project

encouragesthem to expresstheir demands/prioritiesthrough institutional channels rather than in waysthat mayexacerbate conflicts.

In this Project,'informed consent' has beenadopted as the keynotein the consultationsessions. Disclosureof relevantinformation and voluntaryparticipation on part of the people(including the PAPs)were the two key elementsthat were adoptedas a part of the "informed consent" approach.

3.2 INFORMATION SHARING AND DOCUMENTATION

In the follow-uppublic consultation,considerable attention has been paid to the designand methodof informationsharing. The variousmethods used are describedbelow.

3.2.1 PUBLIC NOTICE & NEWSPAPERADVERTISEMENTS

Advertisementsand public notices were publishedin the leadingdaily newspapers(of the respectiveareas) regarding the organizationof the follow-upconsultation sessions. All interested individualsand groups were invitedto attendthe sessions.

Samplesof the advertisementspublished for the 4 consultationsessions are attached in Annexure 2.

3.2.2 BRIEFING MATERIAL

A leafletwas designed in the Hindi(which is the vernacularand state languageof all the three states - UP,Bihar and Jharkhand)consisting of brief noteson the GTRIP,agencies involved, NHAI'sperspective of communityconsultation, etc. It alsooutlined the benefitsassociated and createdby the project.The leafletincluded a mapof the 3 states,clearly showing locations of all the contractpackages of the GTRIP.

The leafletswere distributed to all the participantsof the follow-upconsultation sessions. These leafletswere alsogiven in largenumbers to the participantsto be distributedamong the other membersof the communitywho were unableto attendthe consultationsessions. A sampleof the leafletis attachedas Annexure3.

3.2.3 MAPS, CHARTS AND BANNERS

A numberof drawingsand mapswere mountedon cardboardsand put up on displayfor public reference.The mapsthat wereput up for displayincluded the following: * A mapshowing the GTRIPproject corridor, including the locationof contractpackages; * A mapshowing the alignmentdetails, including the locationand alignment of the bypasses; A mapshowing the locationof environmentallysensitive zones/elements; A mapshowing, by locationthe issuesraised by the communities,and the measurestaken in the projectto resolvethe issues.

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The largenumber of drawingsput upfor displayincluded two classesof drawings,such as, A numberof drawingsgiving the detailsof the genericmitigation measures those have beensuggested in the project,and are of uniformstandards across all contractpackages; and, A largenumber of drawingsgiving, by location,details of the enhancementand mitigation plans,which were specific to the respectivecontract package. Also,banners announcing the time, venueand summaryobjective of the follow-upconsultation were put up outsidethe venueof the consultationsessions in advance(so that peoplein general couldbe madeaware and informed about such sessions).

3.2.4 READINGMATERIAL o SummaryEnvironmental Management Plans

For each of the 4 contractpackages, where a follow-upconsultation session was organized, separateshort summariesof the respectiveenvironmental management plans (EMPs) were preparedin the vernacular(Hindi) and were distributed among the participants.

The summaryEMPs contained the following: A brief projectbackground and the improvementproposals therein; Descriptionof the majorissues relevant to the respectivecontract package; and, The environmentalmanagement and mitigationmeasures included in the project,relevant to the contractpackage. The vernacular(Hindi) version of these 4 summaryEMPs (which were distributedin the respectivefollow-up consultation sessions) is attachedin Annexure4. The Englishversion of these4 EMPsis placedin Annexure5, for reference.

z SummaryR&R Policyand Procedures

The NHAIhas prepared'a bookleton Rehabilitationand ResettlementPolicy and Proceduresin Hindi. This booklet was also distributedamong the participants.The booklet containsthe following: The R&Rpolicy statement; The scopeand applicability of the R&Ractions in the project: The resettlementand resettlementsupport principles; and, * The institutionalarrangements for implementationof the resettlementaction plans. A sampleof this smallbooklet has been attached in Annexure6, for reference.

This document was preparedas part of the ongoing consultationprogramme of the Third National Highway Project (TNHP).As the R&R Policy and Proceduresfor both TNHP and GTRIPare almost uniform, the documentis adequate for the purposeof the GTRIP.

Lea Associates 24 ;cI,olv-wup Pub/ic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk RoadImprovement Project

3.2.5 AUDIO-VISUAL PRESENTATIONMATERIALS

The presentationsmade at the follow-up consultation sessions aimed at providing maximum details about the package-specificor local level issues, the mitigation measures and the environmental enhancements.The emphasis was on making the presentation interesting and useful from the point of view of participants.

The first presentationincluded description on the following:

Conceptualisationof the project; Salient features of GTRIP, including salient features of the respective contract package, such as the highway configuration details, the improvement proposals, typical cross- sections; Over-allapproach to addressthe social and environmentalissues. The resettlement and rehabilitation policy and proceduresof the GTRIP, including the support principles, the land acquisition requirements and processes, the institutional arrangements for implementation of the resettlement action plans, the market-value assessmentprocedures, and the grievanceredressal procedures in the project. The second presentation aimed at providing specific details about the environmental management plan prepared for the respective contract package. The presentation included discussionon the following:

The objectives and the methodologyadopted with respect to the environmentaland social aspectsof the project; The possible negative environmental impacts, especially relevant to the locality (for the respectivecontract package); The benefits arising out of the project - both general and specific for the respective contract package; The issues raised by the communitiesin the past, and the community consultation process in the project; The various environmentalmitigation/management measures provided in the project; and All specific mitigation measuresand the (site-specific) environmental enhancements(with the help of photographs, mapsand sketches). These presentationswere preparedand made in the vernacular (Hindi). All these presentations are attached in Annexure 7, for reference.

3.2.6 DOCUMENTATION OF THE FOLLOW-UPCONSULTATION SESSIONS

Cl Reports

The team formally recorded all consultationsessions. For each meeting, minutes were kept. The minutes includedan attendanceregister.

Data sheets for each of the follow-up consultation sessionswere filled up after completionof the consultation sessions, with help of the recorded minutes of meetings. These data sheets are attached as Annexure 8. The discussionsheld in each of these sessions and the public views and reactions are discussedin detail in Chapter4 of this Report.

Lea Associates 25 1,=1 Follow-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Ez Photographs

A numberof photographswere taken during the consultationsessions.

o Video Records

The entireproceedings of all the 4 follow-upconsultation sessions were video recorded. The four cassettesof these meetingswill be availableat the NHAICorporate Office. To makethe useof thesecassettes convenient, all the recordingswere transferred onto to CDs,which will be keptin the concernedsite officesof NHAI,and are submitted along with this Report.

3.3 SELECTION OF VENUES FOR FOLLOW-UP CONSULTATION SESSIONS The follow-upconsultation sessions were heldat the followingfour locations, Agra(in ContractPackage I-A); * Kanpur(in ContractPackage II-B); * Sasaram(in ContractPackage IV-C); and, * Barhi(in ContractPackage V-B).

3.3.1 BASIS OF SELECTION

The venueswere selected on the basisof criticalor sensitiveissues (either already existing, or are likely to emergedue to the project). Duringthe appraisalof the project,it was agreed betweenthe WB and the NHAIthat follow-upconsultation was necessaryat Agraand Gautam BuddhaWildlife Sanctuary, to ascertainthat the environmentalmitigation/management actions proposedin the project with respectto the Taj Trapezium(Package I-A) and the Wildlife Sanctuary(Package V-B) are acceptableto the publicand the stakeholders.The NHAIdecided to holdtwo additionalfollow-up consultation sessions at Kanpurand at Sasaram,so as to coverall 4 packagesincluded in the GTRIP(and these locations also have possible significant impacts due to the project).

3.3.2 MAJORISSUES IN THE SELECTEDCONTRACT PACKAGES

A brief descriptionof the 4 contractpackages, selected for the follow-upconsultation programme (alongwith the criticalor likelyto becritical issues) is providedin the followingsub-sections. o PackageI-A (Consultationat Agra)

This packageis betweenkm199.66 of NH-2at Agra(the end of the existingbridge over River Yamuna)and km250.5.Due to the heavyvolume of traffic predicted,the first 21km section betweenAgra and Tundlawould be widenedto 6-lanes(including 2 flyoversat Rambaghand Tundla).The majorsettlements along Package I-A are Tundla(km222) and Firozabad(km235- 242).The importantvillages along the Corridorare Etmadpur(km217), Raja ka Tal (km233)and ThanaMathesana (km248).

Agra ReserveForest: Between km204 and km206,the projectcorridor cuts acrossthe Agra ReservedForest. The Agra reservedforest is a degradedarea, the greencover is thin, and no

Lea Associates 26 ,,'/C uY Pub/icCo0nsultation Prgra7 me: GrandTrun

wildlife has been reported apart from monkeys. This ReserveForest stretch close to the road is used as garbagedumping site, which includes unprotecteddisposal of slaughterhousewaste.

The Taj Trapezium Zone: The entire length of Contract Package IA falls within the Taj Trapezium Zone. The Taj Trapezium Zone houses for over 40 protected monuments, four of which are listed as World Heritage Site (WHS) namely the Taj Mahal, the Agra fort and the Fatepur Sikri and a the Bird Sanctuarywithin the Bharatpur National Park.The tomb of Akbar (at Sikandra)and Itmad-ud-Daula'stomb have been proposedfor designationas the World Heritage Site. None of the aforesaid monuments are within 2km of the highway, and therefore, are not directly impacted.

Keeping these two sensitive issues in mind, a decision was made to organise the meeting for PackageI in Agra.

3.3.3 PACKAGEIIB AT KANPUR

PackageII starts from km 393.000 at Sikandra and ends at km 115.000 near Khaga. This package has been further sub-divided into three contract packagesnamely, IIA, IIB and IIC. Only contract PackageIIB is part of GTRIP.

PackageIIB starts at km 470.000 and goes via Kanpur bypass (km 473.200 - km 491.992) to end at km 38.000. Its total length is 51.33 km. Major industries located along this stretch are LML Scooters, LML Ancillary of scooter parts, Duncans Fertilisers, Indane LPG Gas Plant, RajendraSteel Pipesand SAIL warehouse. Stretcheswith high-densitycommercial development are located at Bhaunti (km 470.000 - km 471.000), Panki (km 471.000 - km 472.000), Gujaini (km 5.000), Barra (km 9.000), Naubasta(km 11.000), Kidwai Nagar(km 12.000) and Rama Devi (km 19.000).

Certain issuessuch as provisionof fly-over at RamaDevi, raised carriage-wayin certain sections of the package,provision of under-passes,extensive water logging along the Highwayand heavy congestionwere crucial from the local point of view. In an effort towards continued participation, a meeting was organised in Kanpur to inform and freely discussabout all such critical local level issueswith variousstakeholders.

3.3.4 PACKAGEIVC AT SASARAM

Package IV starts at Varanasi km 317.000 and goes south-east via Chandauli, Naubatpur, Karamnasa,Mohania, Sasaram, Dehri-On-Sone, Aurangabad and ends at km 180.000, about 18 km east of Aurangabad- a total stretch of 193 km. This package has been subdivided into contract packagesi.e., IVA, IVB, IVC and IVD. PackageIVA and IVC form part of the GTRIP, while PackagesIVB and IVD are being taken up as part of TNHP.

PackageIVC starts at km 110.000 and ends at km 140.000, between km.111.000 and 130.000 the existing NH-2 passesthrough the Sasaramtown.

Keeping in mind the congestion in the town and the presenceof cultural properties,that would have been affected had the four-laning of the Highway been carried out within the town, a

Lea Associates 27 o Fo/low-upPublic Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

bypass has been proposed in the Project. There have been a few instanceswhere the people have expressedtheir apprehensionsabout the by-passproposals in the past. In order to clarify and inform the various stakeholdersin the area about the specific decisionsand design that has been made, a meeting was organised in Sasaramtown.

3.3.5 PACKAGEVB AT BARHI

PackageVB falls in the states of Bihar and Jharkhand,starting from km 240.000 to km320.000. This 80km long corridor passes through the districts of Gaya and Hazaribagh. Sparingly inhabited area, rolling agricultural terrain, hilly protected forest area, deficient geometric alignments, uncontrolled ribbon developmentat four locations and severe pavement conditions are some of the characteristicsof this stretch of the Project.

Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary: The highway passes through the buffer area of the sanctuaryand has been operational for the last 400 years. The major threat to flora in the area comes for deforestation fuel, overgrazingand illegal felling. The presenceof endangeredfauna, especiallythe tiger, in the area was a major driving force in the declaration of the sanctuary.The other important species of fauna include the wolf, the leopard, hyena, jackal, spotted deer, sambhar, barking deer, Chinkara and Nilgai. In addition, the Langur and Rufous-TailedHare have also been recorded.A number of bird species have been recordedwithin the sanctuary. It has 20 speciesof reptiles including lizards, python and snakeslike Russel'sviper.

Keeping in mind, the sensitivity of the issue, a meeting was organized in Barhi, which is the major settlement along this corridor.

3.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE FOLLOW-UP SESSIONS

The Project Offices of NHAI organized all the meetings. The officials of the concerned Govt. Departments such as those from Forest Department and Revenue Department, Block DevelopmentOfficers, Village Panchayatmembers, Project Affected Individuals and Groups and local organizationsetc. were specificallyinvited for the meetings.

It was ensuredthat people have sufficient (at least 7 to 10 days) notice before the final meeting was held. Also, in some casesNHAI officials reminded the people again a day or two in advance about the meeting. The Village Panchayatmembers and local representativeswere specially invited for a discussionand for an update on the Project.

An attempt was made to reachthe venue of the meeting at least one hour before the meeting actually started. This gave enough opportunity for an adequate warm-up period, enabling participants, especiallythe ProjectAffected Personsto be comfortableand open with the officials of the NHAI as well as to the membersof the Consultant's team. Two personstook down notes in detail. After the meeting was formally over, more informal discussionwas carried out with the participants.

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3.5 STRUCTUREOF MEETINGS

Everymeeting followed almost a similarformat. However,the initial discussionsvaried from placeto placeaccording to the interestof the people.The followingstructure was broadly adoptedin the follow-upmeetings that were organisedas a part of the CommunityConsultation Programmein GTRIP- The personsmaking presentations were introduced The participantswere also made to introducethemselves. In all the cases,the namesof the participantswere recorded,both on paperas well as in the video. An over-viewof the entire Projectgiving broad details about the Project,its length, packages,objectives, conceptualisation etc. was explainedby the ProjectDirector of the concernedPackage. The ProjectDirector explained an over-viewof plannedactivities in the Projectand specific detailsabout the packagein greaterdetail. The locationor a cross-sectionin questionwas discussedwith the aid of graphics. TThe relevantfeatures of the Resettlementand RehabilitationPolicy were also explained. T heConsultants then, discussedthe objectives,methodology adopted and planningstages, with respectto the Environmentaland Social aspects of the Project. The informationdissipation further coveredguiding parametersfor decidingdesign and alignmentalternatives, final highwayalignment, issues raised by the peoplein the past, consultationsheld, placeswhere reports have been kept for displayetc. The avoidance,minimisation and mitigationmeasures specific to the Packagewere also discussedat length. All cases- specificto the concernedpackage where some mitigationmeasures are being providedand those sites for whichspecific enhancement drawings have been prepared werealso discussed and explained with the helpof photographs,maps, sketches and other graphicaids. The negativeimpacts, especially relevant to the localareas of a particularPackage were discussedin detail. The benefitsarising out of the project - both generaland specific(to the concerned Package)were alsopointed out in orderto presenta completescenario to the participants, especiallythose who are beingnegatively affected by this Project. The observationsof the participantson mattersof relevanceto themwere noteddown and their questionsanswered. The participantswere provideddetails regardingthe GrievanceRedressal Mechanismand support mechanismsand systemsthrough which the peoplecan continueto participatein this Project

In the end, the closingremarks from communityleaders/ representatives or participantswere alsoentertained. In all the cases,the participationand initiativeto effectivelycarry out the Public InvolvementProgramme was found to bevery high amongall the concernedNHAI officials.

Lea Associates 29 Follow-up Public Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

[(B

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0 1 AyCipE Follov- up PuZlicConsultation Programme: Grand TrunkRoad Improvement Project

4. FOLLOW-UP PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROGRAMME

CommunityConsultation and consultationwith the communitiesis a usefultool in both Project planningstage as well as duringthe implementationof the Project.Effective and sincere efforts in this directionwould mean that the Projectaffected individuals/ groups along with other stakeholdersare informedand educatedabout the proposedaction both beforeand after the projectdevelopment decisions have been made.

The follow-upprocess, when initiated increases the Projectproponent's credibility and helpsin reducingpublic resistancetowards the changesanticipated while planningand executing developmentdecisions. The peopleget a platform in the decision-makingprocess and this increasestheir confidencein the proponentsof the Project.

Duringthe Follow-upsessions, it was by and largeobserved that the peopledid not point out any majorissues. Most of the elementsthat werediscussed were certain apprehensions related to the Projector were clarificationsand confirmationsthat they were seekingregarding local issuesdirectly from the officialsof the implementationagency.

In general,initial interactionwith the peoplerevealed their encouragingand co-operative attitudetowards the four-laningproject. In all the meetings,the communitiesalready had a good level of awarenessregarding the Project.The main apprehensionamong the Project affectedpeople was relatedto either their suddenand large-scalerelocation or amountand timelypayment of compensationin caseof land acquisition.The peoplewere repeatedly assured that land acquisitionhas been minimisedand that the compensationwill be paid beforethe initiationof the constructionactivity. They were also provided details regarding the resettlement policy,entitlement framework that has beenprepared for the Projectand that in any caseno person- whethera squatteror an encroachershall be suddenlyor forcefullyevicted.

4.1 MAJORCONCERNS RAISED BY THE PEOPLE

The meetingsfor "follow-up" initiatedas part of the CommunityConsultation Programme in GTRIPwere held at four differentlocations, namely Agra (Package IA), Kanpur(Package IIB), Sasaram(Package IVC) and Barhi(Package VB). Some of the concernsand questions raised by the peoplein all thesefour meetingsrevolved around similar issues, while some other concerns werespecific to that particularpackage. The documentationon the specificdiscussion and issues hasbeen done separately, which can bereferred ahead in this Chapter.The majorconcerns that werecommon to all the four follow-upmeetings are beingdescribed below -

* Wideningand Alignmentof the Highway

The extent of proposedwidening of the Highwayalong with the directionin whichthe alignment has been fixed was a commonconcern. In all the four meetings,project affectedpersons enquiredabout the exact and locationspecific details regarding the stated issue.The Project Directorsof the respectivepackages gave details in this regardand discussedthis further with the interestedindividuals after the meetingswere formally over.

Lea Associates 30 Fo/o w-ip Publ,;cConsultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

* Land Acquisition

The concern about the land that has been proposed for acquisition for improving geometric deficienciesand construction of by-passeswas high among the participants. The people were concerned about how much land would be acquired in particular villages, the amount of compensationthat would be paid and the time period within which the legal formalities are likely to be completed.

* Encroachmentsand Squatters

One of the common issuesraised in all the four follow-up meetings was that of encroachersand squatters, who are likely to be impacted.The people were very concernedabout the impact of the Project on their residentialand commercialproperties. Kiosks owners were mainly concerned about the impact on their livelihood. Some of them pointed out the problems of low levels of income, unemployment, dependent members, lack of economic opportunities and insecurity - due to which a negative impact on livelihood becomesa primary concern. However, they said they willing to shift laterally along the road in the light of their weak status.

a Road Safety

Safety was a major concern, which was pointed out in each of the follow-up meetings. People were concerned about the safety of school children and pedestrians.They felt that four laning would induce many more vehiclesand higher speeds,which may lead to an increasein the rate and number of accidents.People pointed out that provision of road safety measuresshould be an important considerationduring design and constructionof the Highway.

a Cultural Properties

During the meetings,some representativesalso pointed out that the Highwayalignment should not impact the sensitive or locally important religious structures including temples, dargahs, graveyards,mosques etc. The peopleappreciated the enhancementplans proposedfor some of these cultural propertieslocated along the project corridor.

4.2 MEETING-WISE DETAILS

The common issues in all the four follow-up meetings have already been discussedabove. The details about the specific presentationmade by the representativesof the Project Proponentand the concernsthat were raised by the peoplethereafter are being mentioned below.

The specific details of each meeting have been summarized under two heads, namely presentationsby the officials and representativesof NHAI and concerns or issues raised by the people.

4.2.1 MEETING AT AGRA

As mentioned ahead in the text, the follow-up meeting of the Community Consultation Programmefor PackageIA was held at Agra. The meeting was organized in the premisesof the

office of the District Magistrate,Agra District and was held on 2 0 th March 2001. The basic data

Lea Associates 3 1 o Foi/o`w-up Public Consulta3ton Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project sheetof the meetingcan be referredin Annexure8. In Agra, participationof womenin the meetingwas a positiveside of the CommunityConsultation Programme. In all, three women werepresent and they participatedin the proceedingsof the Meeting. Presentations made by the Officials and Representatives of NHAI

The presentationsmade by the officialsand representativesof the NHAIcovered the following mainaspects - . An over-viewof the entire Project,including details related to its length, packages, objectivesetc. was explainedby the ProjectDirector. An over-viewof the variousactivities that havebeen planned for in the Projectwas also stated. The specificdetails about the packagesuch as its length,projected traffic, cost, highway configurationwere presentedin greaterdetail. The Project Directoralso explainedthe relevant features of the Resettlementand RehabilitationPolicy and the Entitlement Frameworkthat has beenevolved for the Project. The emphasisin the secondpresentation made by the Consultantswas to makethe people familiar with the objectivesand methodologyadopted in the Projectfor integrating environmentaland socialaspects. Another important objective was to inform the people regardingthe developmentdecisions that have beenmade so far andto give an elaborate feed backon howthe issuesraised by them in the pastwere integratedinto Projectdesign. Peoplewere also informedabout the placeswhere the reportshave been kept for public referenceand in the caseof problemsor grievancesduring implementation, how and where they can contact the concernedauthorities, including Project ImplementationUnit and NGOs,who will be responsiblefor implementingthe RAP. The informationthat was givento the peoplealso covered the basicparameters that were consideredfor decidingdesign and alignmentof the Highway.The local details in this regardwere explainedwith the helpof maps. The detailsof variousexisting and projectinduced issues with respectto PackageIA such as land acquisition,tree cutting, air and noise pollution, relocationof squattersand encroachers,resettlement etc. were also provided.This discussionalso included sensitive issuesrelated to Taj TrapeziumZone and Agra Reserve Forest, which were explainedwith the helpof mapsand drawings. Thereafter,various package specific avoidance, minimisation and mitigation measures were also discussedat length.The mitigationmeasures proposed for resolvingsome of the important issuessuch as the measuresproposed for Taj Trapeziumzone, preventive measuresfor prohibitinggarbage dumping along the highway,mitigative measures adopted in the Agra ReserveForest stretch were explained with the help of drawings,sketches and photographs.Drawings of othergeneral mitigation measures proposed in the Projectwere alsoshown. The enhancementspots in PackageIA were shownon a map.The detaileddrawings of some of these enhancementplans, namely those of Templeat Etmadpur,Dargah near Mohamadabad,incidental enhancement at Rambagand the spacebetween two Yamuna bridgesetc. were shown and explainedto the participants.A few generalenhancement drawingslike those of bus-stops,community seating areas, road side plantation,hand pumps,ponds, wells etc were alsoshown and discussed with the participants. The benefitsarising out of the project- both generaland specificto the Packagewere also pointedout in orderto presenta completescenario to the participants,especially those who are beingnegatively affected by this Project.

Lea Associates 32 o Fo/,'ow-up Public Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Concernsor IssuesRaised by the People

The specificissues raised by the participantswere very broadlyrelated to land acquisitionand localenvironmental problems. The followingmain points were raised - Oneof the concernsraised in the meetingrelated to groundwater recharge. It waspointed out that the four-laningof the Highwaywill substantiallyincrease the blacktop or hard surface,resulting in moresurface run-off and lesserrecharging of the groundwater in the area. The peoplewere interestedin knowingabout the measuresthat havebeen taken up in the Projectwith regardto ground water recharging.The measuresproposed in the Project includingrecharge pits in the urbandrains were explainedto the peoplewith the help of drawings. The project affected personsand other representativesof the communitywere more interestedin the amountof compensationand the time period within which it will be cleared.The landowners on the otherhand asked for clarificationsregarding the amountof land beingacquired in particularvillages and the time periodthat will be requiredto solve the relatedlegal proceedings. The peoplerequested that delaysor prolongedperiod of waitingshould not be reducedthe bare minimumand that at all pointsof time the authoritiesshould be ableto clarifytheir doubtsand apprehensions.Nonetheless, they did state that the peopledo supportthe Projectand were willingto extenda helpinghand whenever required. But at the sametime their interestsand rightsshould be protectedand taken care of. The relevantfeatures of the Resettlementand RehabilitationPolicy, Entitlement framework, NGOinvolvement, support to vulnerablegroups and GrievanceRedressal Mechanism were explainedand peoplewere askedto contactthe site officeof the NHAIin casethey face any problemsduring any stageof the implementationof the Project. * A few peopledid reflecttheir concernregarding traffic congestionand safety of pedestrians, which is especiallya matter of seriousconcern in the heavilydeveloped sections of the settlementareas. * Another importantissue raisedby an official representingthe ForestDepartment, Agra Circle relatesto road-sideplantation. It was pointedout that after four-laningof the Highway,with utilities,settlements, squatters and encroachers there is hardlyany space left in the RoW for road-sideplantation. The problem becomesgrave since most of the stretches in the densely populatedand congestedsections remain unavailablefor CompensatoryReforestation programme. The officials cited similar problemsthey have encounteredduring reforestation along the NationalHighway in Delhi-Agrasection. Under suchcircumstances, the ForestDepartment and NHAI together will haveto identifyareas or wastelandswhere the compensatoryreforestation programme will be executed. * It wasalso suggested that the materialto be used,as a fill-up in the medianor the divider shouldbe goodquality so that it cansupport survival and propergrowth planted species. * The peoplealso pointedout a concerntowards garbage dumping along the Highwayand afterthe explanationon measuresthat have beenproposed in the Projectexpressed their satisfactionregarding it. Peoplealso showedinterest in the variouslandscape plans and enhancementplans and drawingsthat havebeen prepared for the Project. The officialsfrom the ForestDepartment were very much interestedin the mitigation measuresproposed to avoid collisionof wild animalswith speedingvehicles along the stretchwhere the Highwaypasses through the AgraReserve Forest. The officialsdiscussed in detailthe type and sizeof under-passesthat havebeen proposed. The needfor provision

Lea Associates 33 Follow-upPfublic Consultation Programme: Grand TrunkRoad Improvement Project

of underpasseswas emphasisedsince the existingculverts are filled with water during monsoon,which forces the animalsto usethe Highwayfor crossingover. The NHAIofficials have assured that bothbefore and during implementation, there will be a continuousinteraction with the ForestOfficials on all matters pertainingto Agra Reserve Forestand CompensatoryForestation among others.

4.2.2 MEETINGAT KANPUR

PackageIIB passesthrough periphery of KanpurMetropolitan Area and is linedwith industries, squatters,schools, hospitals,and other publicfacilities. Public participation exercise was held in Kanpurcity, with the meetingbeing held in the premisesof the ProjectImplementation Unit, NHAIon the 17th March2001. The meetinghelped in adjudgingthe view-pointof the people about the project on one hand and on the other removedcertain apprehensions related to designin the Kanpursection. The basicdata sheet of the meetingorganized at Kanpurcan be referredin Annexure8. o Presentationsmade by the Officials and Representatives of NHAI

The presentationsmade by the officials and representativesof the NHAI coveredboth the generalas well packagespecific details, which can be summedup in the followingmain points - * The presentationwas initiated by the ProjectDirector with the usual descriptionof the Projectand its over-view,including details related to length,packages, objectives etc. Also, the variousactivities that have been plannedfor in the Projectwere also stated.The specificnarration about the packagesuch as its length, projectedtraffic, cost, highway configurationwere presentedin muchgreater detail. * The Project Director also explainedthe relevant features of the Resettlementand RehabilitationPolicy and the EntitlementFramework that hasbeen evolved for the Project. * The emphasis,as stated earlier in the secondpart of the presentationmade by the Consultantswas to makethe peoplefamiliar with the objectivesand methodologyadopted in the Projectfor integratingenvironmental and social aspects. An importantobjective was to informthe peopleregarding the developmentdecisions that have beenmade so far and to give an elaboratefeed backon how the issuesraised by them in the pastwere integrated into Projectdesign. Peoplewere also informedabout the placeswhere the reportshave beenkept for public referenceand in the caseof problemsor grievancesduring implementation, how and where they can contactthe concernedauthorities, including Project Implementation Unit and NGOs,who will be responsiblefor implementingthe RAP. • Mostof the packagespecific details were explainedwith the help of maps,drawings and sketches.The emphasiswas moreon describingthe mainelements by directlyusing village or settlementnames than by statingchainages, which may be difficultfor a commonman to comprehend. * The detailsof variousexisting and projectinduced issues with respectto PackageIIB such as provisionof accessin the raisedcarriage way section, Ramadevifly-over, affect on commercialproperties, road safety, noiseand air pollutionthrough out Kanpurby-pass section,water logging,impact on culturalproperties such as Brahmadevtemple etc. were alsoprovided. * After this discussionon existingand projectinduced issues, the variouspackage specific avoidance,minimisation and mitigationmeasures were discussedat length.The mitigation measuresproposed for resolvingsome of the importantissues such as under-passes,noise

LeaAsosiates 34 Fo,'//c-up Public ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

barriers along sensitive locationsalong the Kanpur by-pass, provisionof drainage, segregationof traffic stretchetc. were explainedwith the help of drawings,sketches and cross-sections.Drawings of othergeneral mitigation measures proposed in the Projectwere alsoshown. The detaileddrawings of someof these enhancementplans, namely those of Brahmadev Temple,an old Shivatemple etc. were shown and explainedto the participants.A few generalenhancement drawings like thoseof bus-stops,community seating areas, road side plantation, hand pumps, ponds,wells etc were also shown and discussedwith the participants.All the enhancementlocations in PackageIIB were shown on a map. The benefitsof the project- both generaland specificto the packagewere summarised in the end. Concernsor IssuesRaised by the People

The specificissues raised by the participantswere relatedbasically to RamadeviFly-over and affecton encroachmentsand squatters. The participantsraised the followingmain points - The peoplereacted positively to the Projectand emphasised again and again that they will continueto support such an ambitiousProject. They appreciatedthe incorporationof environmentand social issues in a road project and were hopeful of a successful implementationof the entireProject. * Someof the villageheads or sarpanchssuch as that of Purvamirvillage stated that they will fully supportthe project and will help in all possibleways includingprovision of gram panchayatland for resettlement,reforestation, establishment of hot mix plantsand labour campsetc. D The participantsraised many questions about the proposedfly-over at Ramadevicrossing. The ProjectDirector answered all queriesin this regard.The commoninquiries related to the starting and end point of the fly-over and affect on the near-by residentialand commercialareas, includingsquatters and shops.People were also concernedabout the impacton a major residentialcolony (HAL township), located close to the crossingand askedwhether the fly overwill obstructthe mainentry of this colony.People stated that the fly-overshould restrict or affectthe mainentry of this township. TThe details were given regardingthe exactpoints of constructionand peoplewere assured that the neitherthe entry nor the residentialstructures along the proposedfly-over will be impacted.However, there are a few smallkiosks and other shops (about 5 to 7), whichare likelyto be affecteddue to the constructionof this fly-over. Whenthe cross-sectionof the raisedcarriage-way in the Kanpurby-pass section was being explainedby the ProjectDirector, the immediatequestion raised by the peoplewas that relatedto accessacross the road. The detailsabout the under-passessand accessesalong this stretchwere providedto the peopleand explained with the helpof a typicalcross-section of thisstretch. * Duringthe presentationwhen use of fly ash was beingdiscussed one or two participants reflectedtheir interestin knowingabout the quantityof fly ash that will be usedand the placefrom whereit will be procured. * The detailsin this regardwere given and it was specifiedthat fly ash wouldbe usedin the constructionof embankmentsalong the Highway. A few participantsappreciated the conceptand designsof enhancementof community propertiesthat is beingtaken up in the Project.They alsoenquired about the numberof hand pumpsbeing enhancedand areasor villageswere these enhancementswould be carriedout. All thesedetails were provideto the participantsand explained with the helpof drawingsand sketches.

LeaAssociates 35 D FoAi,wv-upPub/ic Consultation Programme: grand Trunk Road improvement Project

The most significantconcern among the project-affectedpersons has beenthe impacton their residentialproperties. People stated that the hardesthit groupsduring relocationare the ones who lose their shelter.They further said that in such circumstances,the most vulnerableare the womenand children of the household. They repeatedlysaid that these considerationsshould be kept in mind and compensation shouldbe adequateenough to coverthe expensesof buildinga new shelter.It was also statedthat house-for-housewas a much betteroption than cashcompensation since it is possiblethat this cashis eithernot appropriatelyused or usedfor clearingpast dues etc. The legal ownersof the land askedfor clarificationsregarding the amountof land being acquiredin their villagesand the time whenthe authoritieswill notifythem. They were keen to knowmore on the MarketValue Assessment Procedure. The Resettlementand RehabilitationPolicy, Entitlement framework, support to vulnerable groupsand MarketValue Assessment Procedure was explainedand peoplewere askedto freely contact the site office of NHAI in case of any difficulty or enquiry,during the implementationof the Project.

4.2.3 MEETINGAT SASARAM

Sasarambypass is a part of PackageIVC where the thid CommunityConsultation Meeting was organized.The stretchis crucialfrom the pointof viewof landacquisition and has beena matter of concernfor manypeople ever since the proposalto constructa by-passcame up. A largepart of the landthat will be requiredto constructthis almost20 km long by-passis agriculturalland.

The meetingwas organizedin the premisesof the office of the District Magistrate,Rohtas Districtand washeld on 22nd March2001. The basicdata sheet of the meetingcan be referredin Annexure 8. The most significantconcerns that again and again re-emergedduring the discussionat Sasaramwere related to the proposedby-pass of the town, roadsafety and impact on culturalproperties.

3 Presentationsmade by the Officials and Representativesof NHAI

The presentationsmade covered the followingmain aspects - The initial portionof all the presentationswas basicallythe samein everymeeting covering an over-viewof the entire Project,including details related to length,packages, objectives etc., whichwas covered by the ProjectDirector. The specificdetails about the packageand the relevantfeatures of the Resettlementand RehabilitationPolicy and the Entitlement Frameworkwere presentedin greaterdetail. The secondpresentation made by the Consultantsaimed at familiarisingthe peopleabout objectivesand methodologyadopted for integratingvarious environmentaland social aspectsin the Project.An importantobjective was to inform the peopleregarding the decisionsand progressthat havebeen made so far andto give an elaboratefeed backon how the issuesraised by them in the pastwere integrated into Projectdesign. People were alsoinformed about the placeswhere the reportshave been kept for publicreference. The informationthat was givento the peoplealso covered the basicparameters that were consideredfor decidingdesign and alignmentof the Highway.The local details in this regardwere explained with the helpof maps. The detailsof variousexisting and projectinduced issues with respectto PackageIVC such as land acquisitionfor Sasaramby-pass, loss of agriculturalland, roadsafety, impacton culturalproperties such as RozaMazar etc. werealso provided.

LeaAssociates 36 Fo/lcwv-up Public Consult3tionProgramme: Grand Trunk RoadImprovement Project

Thereafter,various package specific avoidance, minimisation and mitigationmeasures were also discussedat length. The emphasiswas mitigationmeasures proposed specific to PackageIVC. Drawings of othergeneral mitigation measures proposed in the Projectwere alsoshown. The enhancementspots in PackageIVC were shownon a map.The detaileddrawings of someof theseenhancement plans, namely those of Mai ki Kutiya,Roza Mazar etc. were shownand explainedto the participants.A few generalenhancement drawings like thoseof bus-stops,community seating areas, road side plantation,hand pumps,ponds, wells etc were also shown and discussed.In the end, the associatedand createdbenefits of the Projectwere summarised for the participants. Concernsor IssuesRaised by the People

The followingare the mainpoints that were raisedby the participantsin the meeting- The first and the foremostconcern of the peoplewas that relatedto roadsafety. People pointedout that with increasingtraffic and speediermovement of vehicles,the most vulnerablein congestedsettlement sections are cyclists,pedestrians and school children. Peopleenquired about the variousroad safety measuresthat are being proposedin the Projectand emphasisedthat adequatesignage, speed breakers and under-passes should be provided.Also, instances of majoraccidents on the Highwaywere stated to emphasizethat the problemof roadaccidents is a seriousissue. All suchroad safety measures that beenproposed in the Project,including some that have been integratedwith Highwaydesign were explainedand elaboratedwith the help of graphics. It was stated that speedbreakers within the stretchof Highwaypassing through Sasaram town shouldbe providedimmediately in orderto controlthe increasingtrend of collisions andaccidents within the settlementlimits. * The next most significantissue was that relatedto land acquisitionfor the proposedby- pass.The amountof landto be acquiredin particularvillages/sections, the expectedtime periodfor completionof legalproceedings, amount of compensation,likely delays,if any etc. were the commonquestions. People have also requestedthe NHAI to providea detailedmap showing the landacquisition details. * All the relevantdetails relatedto the by-passand its constructionwere providedby the ProjectDirector and peopleon the wholeexpressed their satisfactiontowards the Project. The peoplewere assured that the landacquisition details along with patta(survey) numbers will be providedfor their referencesoon. Peoplealso enquiredabout the time periodthat has beenset towardsProject completion and when exactlythe implementationor constructionwill be initiated.They stated that peopleof Sasaramwould be satisfiedand grateful,if most of the ambitiousdetails that werementioned in the presentationbecome a groundreality. The participantsstated that the existingalignment of the Highwaypassing through the town shouldbe periodicallymaintained right up to the completionof the Projectand the NHAIofficials on their part have assuredthat such periodicmaintenance will be taken undertakenfrom time to time. The representativesof the legalowners of the land,from whomthe landwould be acquired for the constructionof by-passasked for clarificationsregarding the total landthat will be acquiredin their villagesand the time whenthe authoritieswill notifythem. The officialsof the NHAIprovided the detailsthat the participantswere interestedin and explainedat length the variousrelated procedures and the time frame,within whichthey wereexpecting all suchlegal and proceduralformalities to be completed.

Lea Associates 37 Fol/ow-upPub/ic Consultation Programme: Grand TrunkRoad Improvement Project

The peopleshowed keen interestin the details relatedto disbursementof compensation and marketvalue assessment procedure, which were duly providedand explained at length by the officialsof NHAI. Someof the participantsand community representatives emphasised that the roadleading to the tomb of ShershahSuri shouldbe widenedand enhancedadequately to emphasize the importanceof this archeologicallyand historicallyimportant structure. The enhancementplans and drawings of Surajkund gate, kosminar and signageabout the SherShah's tomb that have beenproposed in this Packageof the Projectwere shownto the people.It was stated clearlythat enhancementof culturalproperties and community facilitiesare two importantcomponents of the Projectand due considerationto all such properties- whetherof localor nationalimportance has been given in the Project. Provisionof properdrainage facility was another concern raised by the people.It wasstated that the drainsshould be coveredin the urbanareas to preventthem from cloggingdue to wastedumping. Peoplewere told that drainagehas beenan importantelement of highwaydesign and properdrains, including the onesthat are coveredhave been provided for in the Project. The participantssuggested that properaccess roads should be providedto the templeand RozaMazar, located close to the proposedby-pass alignment. Moreover,the peoplesuggested that the existingHighway and the proposedby-pass should be connectedthrough an internalroad somewhere in the middleof the Sasaramtown. Peoplewere informed that some of these issues were outside the purview of the responsibilitiesand functionsof NHAIand thus, there is a limited contributionthat NHAI can makein order to resolvethem. Nonetheless,the NHAIofficials on their part will convey the sameto the localauthorities, with whomthey interactoccasionally to resolveProject relatedmatters. - It was stated by some representativesof the religiouscommunities that the proposed alignmentfor the by-passshould not affect the cultural propertiessuch as temples, graveyardsand mazar in the area. - The officialsof the NHAImade it very clear that the Projecthas beensensitive enough, right from its inceptionas to not impactthe regionalor locallyimportant manifestations of cultural belief. In fact, all possibleattempts have been made for enhancingthe surroundings,improvement of the access,provision of parking(wherever possible) and informalseating arrangements (like chabutaras)etc. * Provisionof signage - both cautionaryand informativeon the Highwaywas another suggestionthat has beenput forwardby the peopleat Sasaram. * Nonetheless,people stated that they fully supportthe Projectand were willing to provide help and assistthe NHAIin puttingthis ambitiousProject into a reality.People said that they would provideall possibleco-operations since the Projectitself has beendesigned by keepingthe public interestsin mind. Someof the participantswished success and early implementationof the Project.

4.2.4 MEETING AT BARHI

Barhitown is the only majorsettlement in PackageVB wherethe fourthfollow-up meeting of the CommunityConsultation Programme in GTRIPwas organized. As mentionedearlier, the highway passesthrough the bufferarea of the sanctuaryand mismanagementand lack of precautions bothduring construction and operation stages can posea majorthreat to the flora andfauna in this sensitive area, which is already under stress due to deforestationfor fuel wood procurement,over-grazing and illegal tree felling.

LeaAssociates 38 7p 7 Fc/iaw-UL Pujb/ic Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

The meetingwas organizedin the premisesof Inspectionbungalow at Barhi.The meetingwas heldon 24t' March2001. The basicdata sheet of the meetingcan be referredin Annexure8. Presentationsmade by the Officialsand Representativesof NHAI

The presentationsmade by the officialsand representativesof the NHAIcovered the following main aspects- As mentionedearlier, over-viewof the entire Project,various activities that have been plannedfor in the Projectand the specificdetails about the packagewere presentedin detail.The ProjectDirector also explainedthe relevantfeatures of the Resettlementand RehabilitationPolicy and the EntitlementFramework that hasbeen evolved for the Project. The objectivesand methodologyadopted in the Projectfor integratingenvironmental and socialaspects was explainedto the participants.People were informedabout the issues raisedby them in the past andhow these were integratedinto Projectdesign. People were alsoinformed about the placeswhere the reportshave been kept for publicreference. The detailsof variousexisting and projectinduced issues with respectto PackageVB such as thoserelated to GautamBuddha Sanctuary, impact on culturalproperties and community facilities,protection and enhancement of the historicaland archeologically important sites in the Packageetc were provided. Thereafter,the variouspackage specific avoidance; minimisation and mitigationmeasures were alsodiscussed. The mitigationmeasures proposed for resolvingsome of the important issuesthrough provisionof under-passesin the sanctuary,provision of water holes, plantation,prevention of air and noisepollution during construction, provision of additional studiesin the Sanctuaryarea, road safety measures etc. werediscussed in detail. The detailed drawingsof some of these enhancementplans, namely those of the communitypond at 292.3 km, SurajkundGate and Kos Minar etc. were shown and explainedto the participants.All the enhancementspots in PackageVB were shownon a map. A few generalenhancement drawings like those of bus-stops,community seating areas,road side plantation, hand pumps, ponds, wells etc were alsoshown and discussed with the participants. The benefitsof the project- both generaland specificto this Packagewere also pointed out in order to presenta completescenario to the participants,especially those who are beingnegatively affected by this Project. Concernsor Issues Raisedby the People

The mostsignificant concern raised by the peoplewas that relatedto roadsafety and provision of drainage.In fact, the concernsraised by the peoplein the meetingat Barhi were few comparedto those raisedin meetingsat Agraor Sasaram.The participantsin the meetingraised the followingmain points- The onlyconcern raised by the peoplewas that relatedto roadsafety. The increasingtraffic volumeand speediervehicle movement is a matterof concernin settlementsections and other congestedstretches on the Highway.People said that adequatevarious road safety measuresshould be provided. The safety measuresthat have been includedin the Projectand its design- both for constructionas well as the operationstage were discussedand on the whole people revealedtheir satisfactiontowards the provisionof suchmeasures. Waterlogging in certainsections, especially during monsoon was also pointed out. In order to improvethe situation,provision of properdrains was suggested.

Lea Associates 39 2 F/clLv- up Public Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

It was specified that the project has already looked into this problem closely and drains have been provided through the length of the Highway.Covered drains in the settlement areashave been providedto preventthem from clogging. The representativeof the participantsacknowledged that the NHAI has been very much successful in creating the confidence among local citizens and assured full public co-operationandsupport throughout the Project. The people also recollectedthe main issuesthat had been discussedin the workshop/ meeting that had been organised earlier in Barhi about a year and half back. They mentionedthat it is expectedthat the benefitsof the communityat large will be kept in mind and the Project will provide for over-all developmentof one and all. They further stated that Community ConsultationProgramme organised by the NHAI has been very much useful and that they were pleasedto see that some of the issuesthat they had been raisedin the past meting have beenincorporated in the Projectdesign. Peoplealso appreciatedthe presentationmaterial (slides, maps and drawings) that had been preparedfor the Package. Nonetheless,the representativeof the participantsstated that the public hasto remainalert and consciousabout the Projectdevelopments and at any point if the peopleface problems during implementation,they should immediatelycontact the site office of the NHAI. - The Project Director summed up the public views and reactionto the Projectas one that hasmoved from a 'apprehension'to 'alert consciousness'. Theaim of publicinvolvement and that of awarenessgeneration has thus, beenachieved.

4.3 OVERALL COMMUNITY PERCEPTION OF THE PROJECT

The follow-up consultation, which was (organized as a part of the CommunityConsultation Programme)conducted in March2001, providedan added opportunity to gauge the acceptance of the Project. It appearsthat the GTRIP project on the whole enjoys a high level of public acceptance.

As regards acceptanceof the Projectby the community,they understandthe need for better road and allied facilities. There were also opinionsthat with the increasingtraffic over the years the road needswidening to accommodatespeeding vehicles.

However, with the entire above, there was still a concern for those having kiosks, shops, residencesetc. within the RoW. This concern was observed among both PAPsand fellow community members. Nonetheless,they specified that they were satisfied with the over-all intentions of the project and the arrangementsmade therein and were hopeful that the plans will fall in place during actual implementationas well. They were assuredthat people were free to contact the Project Offices of the NHAI to clarify issues or questions arising during implementationand can seek more details on specificmatters from time to time.

Cr- LeaAssatf.s 40 Follow-upPublic ConsultatlonProgramme, Grand TrunkRoad Improvement Project

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M-r - Lea ASsOCi-7Z7 Fo/lo>i-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Annexure 1

Lists Of Locations, And The Type Of Participants In The Community Consultation SessionsConducted Along The Project Highway

Date Level Type Location District Key Participants Package-IA _ l Kuberpur, gtn Local level Chaleshwar, Nov.98 Individual Consultation Etmadpur, Agra Tundla

______-~ Chief Development Officer, District Magistrate, RandRexpert rn/s LBII, 27th District level Agra, Divisional Forest Officer, Agra, April | District stake holder Agra Agra SEJal Nigam, ExecutiveEngineer, 1999 D workshop UPSEB,Agra, Deputy Engineer (phones) Agra, ExecutiveEngineer, PWD,Agra, ADM (E) Agra, and representativesof Local People Mahaveer Nagar,Daud I1I Dec d Local level nagar, 98 lndividual Consultation Dhatari, Sarai Firozabad Murlidhar, Ukhrend 12th Districtlevel 12th District level ~~~~~~~PD,CDM, DE (T) Residents of April District stake holder Firozabad Firozabad Pd,C , DEo(T) rsidento 1999workshop ~~~~~~~~~~~~Tundla,Firozabad,Sirsaganj, 1999 workshopIII Package-IC l 4Nov98 Ind ividual Local level Gotepur, Mainpuri Consultation Bakewar DM, CDO, PD, an MLC,Chief of 4th District level Transport Association,DFO, March District stake holder Etawah Etawah Representativeof State Electricity 1999 workshop Board, an MLA from Auriya, and PAPs.

District District level Auriaya Auriaya DM, SDM, PD (PIU), PAPs, stake holder Journalists, and Government

1 CG F/loLlo-u,aPuoic ConsultationProgramme: Grand TrunkRoad lmprovement Project

Date Level Type Location District KeyParticipants workshop officials,PAPs. 15th l Locallevel Ajitmal, Etawah Individual lEaa Nov.98 Consultation Karwakhera Package-I B 20th Districtlevel March Districtstak holdere KanpurDehat Kanpur DistrictCollector, PD (PIU) Mlarch District stakeholder KanpurDehat Dehat Governmentofficials and PAPs. *1999 workshop Locallevel Mabholi, Kanpur 15.11.98 Individual Consultation Budhauli Dehat Doorto EntireProject July/AuqI Door Stretch, Kanpur Peopleliving along the Project Individual 1998 Personal RamiaPadao, District Highway Contacts Jainnpur Doorto Julyand Auguly Individual Door EntireProject Peopleliving along the Project August Individual Personal Stretchand Fatehpur Highway Contact

12 Feb Focusgroup h Women,agriculturists, weaker 98 to Village discussions section,truckers Feb.99 20,22 Focusgroup Bilinda, Women,agriculturists, weaker and 23 Village discussions Malwanan kanpur section,truckers Feb.99 (FGDs) Tllariyaon District Shabhagar, Stakeholders,Gram Pradhans, rep of 26July District LevelPublic DMOffice Fatehpur Govt.Deptt, Public reps, Opinion

Hearing Fatehpur leadersand DM Districtlevel Districklehold Circit huse,Stakeholders, GramPradhans, rep of 20.3.99 District , Kanpur Govt.Deptt, Public reps, Opinion consultation Kanpur leadersand DM workshop Districtlevel 16 Apr- stakeholder Shabhagar, Stakeholders,Gram Pradhans, rep of 99 District station DMOffice Fatehpur Govt.Deptt, Publicreps, Opinion 99 consultation workshop FthuworkshopFatehpur leadersand DM July Stateand DirectorMoEF Model Officer, DFO 1992to Stre Consultation Kanpur, and RangersUP Forest, RO, Member Centre Lucknowand Kanpur E,CUPCBV,KD, C,KA May Govt with Experts NewDelhi sEcy,CEU PPCB, VC, KDA, CE, KDA, 1999 DMand CDOKanpur Dehat JULY Stateand Consultation Kanpur, Kanpur DirectorsMoEF, Model Officer, DFO 1998TO Centre with experts Fatehpur, and RangersForest Deptt UP,

LoaAssociates 2 Foliow-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Date Level Type Location District Key Participants May Govt. Lucknowand MemberSecy, CE, RO,UPPCB, 1999 New Delhi CoommissionerKanpur, CE, VC, KDA ______{ DM and CDO Fatehpur District Package-IVA

Door to 0.5.10.9 0..09 Individual DoKmVaranasiDoor Km 8 Personal 318.12_VRM Contacts

Door to Door 14.5.98 Individual Km 32.41 Chandauli Personal Contacts I__Doorto______Door to l ~~~Door 18.598 Individual Km 58.00 Kaimur Personal I Contacts 22.9.98 Village FGD Km 318 Varanasi

23.9.98 Village FGD Km 28, 31, Chandauli 40, 45 24.9.98 Village FGD Km 59.00 Kaimur

District level Addl. D.M., Varanasi; P.D., NHAI, Distriehldevel Allahabad; Manager,NHAI, 09.9.9909,9.99 DistrctDistrkeoldt consultation Raja Talab Varanasi Varanasi;Manager NHAI, Allahabad; workshop Lokpal,Other officers and public

P.D., NHAI,Varanasi, DFO, Manager, NHAI; E.E.PWD; E.E.Jalnigum; District level SDO,Sakaldiha; SDO, Chandauli; stakeholder P.D, D.R.D.A.; B.D.O,Thanapur; 063.99 District consultation Chandauli Chandauli BDO,Niamatabad; BDO, Barhani;

workshop BDO,Sadar; Tahasildar, Other officer and public

P.D., NHAI, Varanasi ; Manager, NHAI, Varanasi; S.D.O, Mohania; District level C.I., Durgawati; C.I., Durgawati stakeholderDCLRMoaiCO.Mhni; 06.04.99 District . Mohania Kaimur D.C.L.R.,Mohania ; CO., Mohannia; consultation E.E., N.H. Marg, Mohania;A.E., N.H. workshop Marg, Mohania;P.D., NHAI, Varanasi; S.E.(Electrical), Sasaram; Manager,NHAI, Varanasi; Addl.

3 F-c,.'oLl-C:Pl,llc Cons5j/ltaon P-rogramme: Grand Trunk RoadImprovement Project

Date Level Type Location District Key Participants D.M.,, Sasaram;M.L.A., Sasaram D.P.O.,Ssaram; Chairman Municipality; Addl. D.M. (Retd.) Sasaram;Advocate/Reporters; Social workers; ADM, Sasaram;D.D.O., Sasaram;Reporter; Other Officers and Public ChairmanPCB, Bihar; Suaravillage D.F.O. Sasaram;C.O. Mohania; SDO Mohania;Senior Citizens;ADM Sasaram;D.F,O. Sasaram;Deputy Advisor; PCBPatna; Journalist StateDistrict and level Sasaram;MLA Representative, State and District level, 19.8.99 Centre Public Mohania kaimur Durgawati; MLA Represenntative, Govt. Hearing Mohania;VDO Representative, Mohania;A.E. NH, Durgawati, CO Mohania;Zonal Officer PCB, Patna; ManagerNHAI, Varanasi ; Scientist SPCB;Biihar; PD NHAI, Varanasi Manager,NHAI, Varanasi; Ex-

:______I Chairman, Nagar palica Sasaram Package-IVC l Door to Door 21.5.98 Individual Km 118 Rothas Personal Contacts

Rothas 25.9.98 Village FGD Km 106, 120

Package-VB Door to Gaya/Hazari

J198 PIndividualDoor Sherghati bag/Giridih/ Truck drivers 1998 Personal Contacts Dhanbad Door to Gaya/Hazari Juine Individual Door Bhalua bag/Giridih/ Dhaba owners 1998 Personal Contacts Dhanbad Focusgroup Caprn Gayaand Sept.98 Village Chauparan Nari Jagaran kendra discussions Hazaribag . ~~~~Focusgroup Baahti Gayaand Sept.98 Village Barachatti Jana Jagarankendra discussions Hazaribag

LeaAssociates 4 2' D Foloitv-up PuD/lc ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Date Level Type Location District KeyParticipants

Sept.98 Village Focusgroup Bhalua Gayaand Forestwildlife division discussions Hazaribag DFO'sof Gaya/Hazaribag

Source InivivcIul EZAreports

5 Follow-upPublic ConsultationProgramme: Grand Trunk Aoad Improvement Prorect

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LeaD ,/7r F /llo,-up Pub/lcConsultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Annexure 2

Samplesof the Advertisements Published for the Consultation Sessions

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Lea AsMcia ez ,

Annexure 4

Vernacular (Hindi) Version of all the Summary EMPsfor the 4 Packages

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t'31='~~~~g X-b t F7O//OW-UDPublic Consultabon Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

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ILea Assocites- Follow-up Public Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Annexure 5

English Version of all the Summary EMPsfor the 4 Packages

Le so'Is- 1. SUMMARY EMP: PACKAGE - IA

INTRODUCTION

The National Highway-2 (NH-2) connecting Delhi with Kolkata is one of the most important high- density corridors in the country. The existing highway is a two-lane carriageway with traffic bottlenecksand various highwaydeficiencies. To cater to the existinghigh volume of traffic, there is an urgent need for capacity augmentationof this highway.

The 1400km long NH-2 falls in the Upper GangeticPlain in northernIndia and traversesthrough the states of Delhi. Uttar Pradesh,Bihar and West Bengal. As part of the Delhi-KolkatasegIment of the Golden Quadrilateral,the Delhi-Agrasection (210km) at the west end, and Barwa Adda-Kolkata section (278km) at the east end of the NH-2 have already been 4-laned with assistancefrom the ADB.

The NationalHighways Authority of India (NHAI)is improvingthe Agra-Dhanbad portionof the NH-2 with assistancefrom the World Bank. To facilitate the project preparation,the corridor stretch has beendivided into five packages.International consultants have been appointedfor the planning and design of each of these five packages, each about 200km long. Each contract package has been further divided into 16 contractpackages. Eight of the 16 contract packageswere selected for Third National HighwayProject (TNHP).

Of the remaining eight packages, seven have been proposed under the Grand Trunk Road ImprovementProject (GTRIP). The Allahabad bypass(Contract Package III-B)has not been included as part of TNHP or GTRIP and will be taken up subsequentlyfor constructionby NHAI with funding from the World Bank.

Table 1 :ContractPackages of TNHP and GTRIP

Contract .c. From T To Length 1 Package Descrption (chainage) (Chainage) (km) I Part of Project

I- A Agra- Shikohabad 199.660 250.500 50.840 GTRIP

I-B Shikohabad(start) Bypass 250.500 307.500 59.020 GTRIP

Etawah bypass 307.500 321.100 13.600 Etawah bypass I- C Etawah bypass (end)- Shognipur 321.100 393.000 72.825 GTRIP 1i- A Sikandra/Bhognipur - Bhaunti 393-000 470.000 61.600 TNHP 11- B Bhaunti - Fatehpur Border 470.000 38.000 51.330 GTRIP ii - C Fatehpur Border- Khaga 38.000 115.000 77.000 TNHP lll- A Khaga- Kokhraj 115.000 158.000 43.000 | TNHP ll- B Kokhraj - Paharpur Village 158.000 245.000 87.000 Allahabad Bypass 11- C Paharpur village -Raja Talab 245.000 317.000 72.000 TNHP IV -A Raja Talab - Mohania 317.000 | 65.000 76.100 GTRIP IV -e Mohania-Sasaram bypass 65.000 j 110.000 45.000 TNHP IV -C Sasaram bypass 110.000 140.000 31.100 GTRIP IV - D Sone River - Aurangabad 140.000 180.000 40.000 TNHP V- A Aurangabad - Ranigani 180.000 240.000 60.000 TNHP V- B Raniganj - Barakatha 240.000 320.000 81.570 GTRIP V -C Barakatha- Barwa-Adda (Dhanbad) 320.000 398.750 78.750 TNHP Total GTRIP 422.780 Source. NHAJ. 2000

1 PROJECTDESCRIPTION

Package-Istarts at km. 199.660of NH-2 at Agra and ends at km. 393.000. The package has been dividedfurther into three contract packages for the ease of implementation,namely IA, l and IC. Package-IAtraverses through flat terrain of rich agriculturalbelt in the GangeticPlains. The Contract Package IA extends from km 199.660 of NH2 at Agra (the end of the existing bridge on river YamLina)to km 250.500just after crossingthe ThanaMathesana road. Two importanttowns Tundla (km 222.000) and Firozabad(km 235.000 to 242.000) fall within this package.The other important villagesare Etmadpur(km 217.000),Raja ka Tal (km 233.000) and Thana Mathesana(km 248.000).

IMPROVEMENTPROPOSALS

The objectiveof the project is to widento 4 lanes (or 6 lanes in the first 21km section c,f Package I- A). the existing highway to meet the traffic needs for the next 20-30 years. It entailed detailed analysisof the presentand future traffic,pavement and soil conditons, constructionmaterials, cross- drainage structures, economic justifications, and environmental/socialfeatures. As a guiding principle,the project avoided land acquisition,displacement of people and properties,and loss of roadsidetrees, as much as possible, and several variations in the configuraton of the proposed developmentresulted from such consideratons.

The proposedimprovements include widening to 4-lane carriagewaysby additionof a new2-lane 7m wide carriagewayfor the entireGTRIP stretch, except in the first 21km section of PackacleI-A (where the improvementwould consistof reconstructionas a 6-lane carriageway).There would be (raised) median dividerfor the entire stretch, generallyof a width of 5m, but of lesser width (as low as 1.5m) in places where space is not available.There would also be 1.5m wide paved shoulders,and 1m earthenshoulders on eitherside of the highway.

The existing cross-drainagestructures (major/minorbridges and culverts) on the highway will be repaired/ rehabilitated,including widening to standard width, if required. Additionally, new cross- drainage structures (mostly culverts) will be providedin areas of waterlogging,and whenever the existingones are inadequate.

Keepingin view the safety requirements,geometric improvements will be madeto the horizontaland vertical profile of the highway,by straighteningof sub-standardcurves (minor realignments),and by providingproper transitionand banking.To avoid the areas of congestion,and where adequateland is not availablewithout displacinga large number of residential/commercialstructures, bypasses will be provided.To minimise adverse impacts on various settlements and to minimise land/property acquisition,short bypassesand realignmentshave been proposed.

A number of measures were incorporatedin the design to segregatethe slow and the fast moving traffic (so as to reduce the possibilityof accidents).Roadsidedrains will be provided for the entire stretch,including covered drains in the built-up areas. The project incorporateselaborate schemes for illumination,signage, and safety elements such as crash barriers and guide rails. A few ROBs and flyoversare also proposed.Adequate roadsidefacilities like truck-parkingbays, rest areas, bus baysand bus sheltershave been proposed.The proposedimprovements planned for in Package I A have been presentedin Table 2.

Table 2: Proposed Improvements - Package I A Type of road section Length (km) Urbansection with service road 18.48 Urbansection without service road 5.05 Ruralsection 27.704 Source:Compiled From DPR of PackageIA, IS, and /C NHAI.

2 METHODOLOGYADOPTED

A number of inter-linkedstudies were carried out as part of the Project Preparationactivities. The main stages or the methodologyadopted covers the following: * PreliminaryEnvironmental and SocialScreening; * Documentationof BaselineConditions: * Assessmentof Potential Impacts; * CommunityConsultation; * Integrationof EnvironmentalAssessments in the DesignProcess; * Assessmentof Alternatbves; * Mitigation& EnhancementMeasures; * EnvironmentalManagement Plans (EMPs); * Review of ElAs and the EMPs;and * Consolidationof EIA and EMPs

SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTALBENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT

1. Macro-Economic Benefits: The project is seen as a major generator of economic momentum, and will benefitthe economically backward states of UP, Bihar and Jharkhand in a significant way. The project is expectedto removethe industrialdevelopment bottlenecks, bring the cost of transportationdown, and thereby benefitall sections of the society. The projectwill further open up the vast hinterlandsof UP, Bihar and Jharkhand to the easterngateway ports of Kolkata and Haldia. The investmentin rigid pavement is expectedto boost the cement industry, and further trickle down to the other sectors of economy.

The direct benefits accrue due to the reduction in the vehicle operating cost (VC)C)and the savings in the value of time (VOT) of the road-users.Present value of the said direct benefitsis estimatedat US$2170 million.

The present value of the investmentsin the project is estimated at US$550 million. Giventhis investmentand the direct benefits,the net benefitof the projectis estimatedat US$1620 million, at an economic internal rate of return of about 30%. If the indirect benefits (i.e., the benefits accruing d ue to growth of industrialisabon,improvement of accessibility,particularly to the social and health infrastructure,etc.) were also measured,the net benefitof the projectwould be much higher.

2. Accident Reduction Benefits:The existinghighway stretches under GTRIP are known to have high rates of accidents.Most of the accidentsnow involvesingle vehicles, and the fatality among the pedestriansand the slow-movingtraffic is significantlyhigher. Due to the project, medianswill segregatevehicles movingin the oppositedirections, segregation of slow and fast movingtraffic will occur by means of service roads in the built-up areas. Geometric deficiencies will be improved. Pedestrian facilities, organised bus-bays, footpaths, guardrails, crash barriers and proper signagewill be provided.Parking lay-byes,and ROBs will be provided.Twenty-nine lives will be saved everyyear, along with preventionof about 3,000 injuries.Over all, accidentrisks will be reduced by 68 percent over the whole stretchof GTRIP.

3. Local Facilities: Passengeramenities like bus stops, passengersheds, underpasses,organised parking lots, lay byes and service lanes will be added. Common property resources and community assets will be conserved(which otherwise are decaying) and enhanced (detailed plans, designsand budgetaryallocation has been made for about--- such sites).

3 4. Employment Generation: Large employmentopportunities (about half a millionperson-months, and for about 40,000 persons)will be directly created by the project, of which about 15 percent will occur in Package 1A.

5. Improved Access to Amenities: This will include speedier access to employment,health and educationcentres, increased opportunityfor economic activities,and reductionin transportation costs and enlarged market accessfor the agricultureand householdmanufacturingi sectors.

6. Environmental Benefits:

The Benefits Associated to the projectwill include:

* Reductionof noise pollutiondue to increasedroad capacityand speediertraffic, lessened congestion,traffic segregation; * Direct and significantreduction of overallfuel consumption.

Benefits Created (planned,designed and budgeted)by the projectwill include,

* Increasedoverall safety levels and mitigationof existingaccident black-spots: • Reductionof air and noise pollutionthrough bettertraffic managementschemes, by providing adequatedesigns for traffic separation,parking, ensuringsmooth flow of traffic,etc.; * Creationof low-noisezones and noise shadows (particularlyat educationand health facilities near the projectcorridor); * Reuse of industrialwaste materialssuch as bottom pond ash (genericallyknown ,asfly ash); * Bettervisual environment,by meansof cleaningof the projectsite and the immediatevicinity of the existingheap of indiscriminatedumping of wastes and dirt; * Enhancement' of environmentally,ecologically and culturallyimportant sites and common property resources(about 100 places); * Landscapingof the entire projectcorridor (over and above compensatoryafforestation), * Improvedlocal and roadsidedrainage; improving and augmentingwaterways forseveral cross- drains,rivulets and rivers,preservabon of water bodies and water sources;and * Introductionof low-pollutionconstruction techniques, scheduling, plants and machinery,etc.

The EMPsand the RAPsprepared (for each of the contractpackages) take care of all such potential impacts(which could not be avoidedduring the design/preparation).

PUBLICPARTICIPATION AND COMMUNITYCONSULTATION

Public participationand communityconsultation has been taken up as an integral part of social and environmentalassessment process of the Grand Trunk Road ImprovementProject. The process carried out at various stages of the project preparation,public participationhas been viewed as a continuous two way process, involving promotion of public understandingof the processes and mechanismsthrough which developmentalproblems and needs are investigatedand solved.

Objectives: Consultationwas used as a tool to inform and educatestakeholders aboutthe proposed acton both before and afterthe developmentdecisions were made. It assistedin identificationof the problems associatedwith the project as well as the needs of the populationlikely to be impacted. This participatoryprocess helped in reducing the public resistanceto change and enabled the

Environmentalenhancements include EMP measurestaken at places to improvethe quality or ambience where there is no adverse effect of the project, and is distinctfrom the mitigation measures.

4 participationof the local people in the decision making process. The involvementciF the various stakeholdersensured that the affected populationand other stakeholdersare informed, consulted and are allowed to participate at various stages of project preparation.The process aimed at promotingpublic awareness about the proposedproject especially amongstthe potentiallyimpacted communitbes/individualsincluding the entitlementframework and ResettlementActionFPlan (RAP).

The consultationprogramme has been conductedat severallevels, such as: * Heads of the householdslikely to be impacted; * Membersof the householdslikely to be impacted; * Clusters of PAPs; . Villagers: • Village Panchayats; * Local voluntaryorganisabions, and CBOslNGOs; * Governmentagencies and departments; * Other projectstakeholders, such as women,tribal and ethnic communities,road user groups, health professionalsand others. Table 3 summarisesthe PublicConsultabton Sessions that have been conductedin Package I.

Table 3 PublicConsultation Sessions - PackageI Type of Public Consultation Locations Number of Meetings

Kuberpur, Chaleswar, Etmadpur, Tundla, Door to Door Personal Interview Mahveer Nagar, Daud Nagar, Dhatari, Sarai All Proaectaffected Murlidhar, Ukhrend. Gotepur, Bakewar villages covered FocusGroup Discussions

Expert Consultation (ditrict) Agra, Erozabad, Etawah 4

Stakeholders' Consultation (district) Agra, Firozabad, Etawah 5

District Level Public Heating Firozabad 1

ISSUESRAISED BY PUBLICAND ADDRESSALOF THE ISSUES

The focus of the community consultationsessions was in developingsolutions to the issues raised. Resettlementand compensationwas a major issue in all the consultationsessions or the public meetings.Some of the concerns were applicable to the entire project area, whereas at certain locations there were specific issues raised. The environmental issues/concernsmade by local residents,focus groups and governmentofficials have been summarizedunder the following heads:

* Air and Noise Pollution * Fauna and Flora * Traffic Congestion * RoadsideDrainage * Road Safety * Water bodies * Cultural Properties * RoadsideAmenities

Public Consultationwill be organised in March 2001 to appraise the people about the final road design and how the local issues have been addressed by the project. The following plan for the continuedparticipabton of the variousstakeholders, especially the projectaffected has been worked out to ensure time bound and effective achievements of the implementation of the various EA measuresproposed -

5 * StatePubic Libraryat Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh; * DistrictPublic LibraryatVaranasi, Uttar * StatePublic Libraryat Patna,Bihar; Pradesh; * StatePublic Libraryat Ranchi,Jharkhand: . DistrictPublic Libraryat Chandauli.Uttar DistrictPublic Libraryat Agra; UttarPradesh; Pradesh; * DistrictPublic Libraryat Firozabad, UttarP DistrictPublic Libraryat Mohania,Bihar, Pradesh; . DistrictPublic Libraryat Bhabua,Bihar; DistrictPublic Libraryat Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-; . DistrictPublic Libraryat Hazaribag,Jharkhand.

MAJOR ISSUES

The focus in GTRIP has been on the positive and negative impacts associated with the improvemenUrehabilitationof the Project Corridor. The impacts on the various environmental componentshave been evaluatedfor both the constructionand operationstages. Table 4 describes the major issuesthat have been identfied in PackageI.

Table 4: PotentialIssues in PackageIA

Issue Description Removal of road side A total of 21977 trees need to be removed to accommodatethe trees proposedimprovements The entireproject package falling withinthe Taj Trapeziumis of great Taj Trapezium significanceand the environmentalquality standardsfor sensitive areas need to be compliedwith. Loss of productivetop soil Acquisitionof 363.43ha of productiveagricultural land is required Forest land acquisition Acquisrtionof 0.55 ha of forest land in Agra ReservedForest Provisionof a By-pass At two locations- Jharna Nala and Raja ka Tal Garbagedumping Garbagedumping alongthe NH betweenkm 204.2to km 204.6in the Garbage dumping Agra Reservedforest. The entirecorridor exceedsthe permissiblenoise levels for rural and High noise levels residentialareas. Drainageand water In and around settlementsin Firozabad logging ProtectedMonuments Ram Bagh and Budiyaka Tal Pedestriansafety Chaleswar Congestiondue to Tundla encroachment. Accidentprone areas Kuberpur, Etmadpur,Firozabad and Mainpuri. Impacton wild life Agra ReservedForest No parking Agra Impact on community Kuberpur, Etmadpur facilities. Loss to privateproperties The number of familiesaffected is 4692 and the number of displaced families is 1913. Impacton vulnerable The number of Vulnerable Group families affected is 1818. groups

6 THE CULTURALSETTING

The NH-2 or the GT Road has a long history.On the project corridor lies importantcultural centres such as Agra. Firozabad, Allahabad, Varanasi. Some of the major settlementsalong the GTRIP corridorshave grownout of the originalhighway-side rest areas (saraI)established in the 1 6th century AD, There are two archaeologicalprotected monumentsand sites of significancewithin 1km of the projectcorridor, which are Budiyaka Taal, and Rambaghin Package I.

The Taj Trapezium Zone

The Taj TrapeziumZone housesfor over 40 protectedmonuments, four of which are listedas World Heritage Site (WHS) namely the Taj Mahal, the Agra fort and the Fatepur Sikri and a the Bird Sanctuarywithin the BharatpurNational Park.The tomb of Akbar (at Sikandra)and Itmad-ud-Daula's tomb have been proposed for designationas the World HeritageSite. In addition,there are more than 40 protectedmonuments within the trapezium.The major centers coveredunder the Trapezium are Mathura and Vrindavan towards its northwest corner; Frozabad at its south east corner; Keoladeo National Park. Bharatpur in the west direction; and Agra as the epicentre of the area. Firozabad.which is on the project road, lies in the southeastcorner of the Taj Trapezium.None of the aforesaidmonuments is within 2km of the highway,and therefore,are not directly irmpacted.

MITIGATIONMEASURES

Certainimpacts have been actually avoided(or minimised)during projectpreparation. Examples of total avoidance include avoiding impacting water bodies and cultural assets by realignment or bypassing.Examples of minimising impacts include minimisingfelling of roadside tree plantation, minimisingland acquisition and impacts on people and properties.Such minimisationhas been possible by earmarkinga corridor of impact (Col), and restrictingall proposed project activitywithin such Col. Table 5 details out the MitigationMeasures that have been proposed in Package IA of the ProjectCorridor.

Table 5 - MitigationMeasures Proposed

Issue MitigationMeasures Removalof road side Forestryclearance obtained; compensatory afforestation @ 2 saplingsfor each tree felled. trees Additionalroad plantationwill be carried out.A total of 37929 treeswill be plantedwith a total cost of Rs. 28.5 lacs. Taj Trapezium The standardsof sensitiveareas areto be compliedwith which are as below: RPM: 50 pg/m3 NO.: 15 ug/m3 3 3 SPM: 70 ,g/m Pb: 0.5 pg/m S02: 15 pgIm3 CO: 1000 Pg/m3 All valuesexcept CO are annualaverages while for CO its is an 8 hour average Lossof productive top 15cm of topsoilwill be preservedin all areasof cutting,strpping or borrowing.The soil preservedtopsoil will be used for redevelopmentof borrowareas, and any existing wasteland.It is expectedthat the redevelopmentof borrow areaswill be done at an estimatedcost of Rs. 50 lacsfrom which a portion will be assignedpreservation of strippedsoil. Forestland acquisiton With clearancefrom Forest Department, compensatory afforestaton will be donethrough the ForestDepartment Garbagedumping A wallshall be constructed along the stretchof the roadbeyond Agra at a costof Rs.50 lacs in the reservedforestwhere illegaldumping of the citys garbageis nlowtaking place.

7 High noiselevels The sensitve receptorsof noise like schools and hospitalshave beensttdied in detailand mitigationplans are preparedfor each of the selectedsensibve receptor. The mitgation includesprovision of new boundarywalls or rising of the boundarywall to a height of 5 to 5.5 m dependingon the locationof the receptor.A total of 17 locatons with 1962 m long walls, Drainageand water Roadsidedrains; Urban drainsat 20 locatons; higher roadlevel with formationabout 1 m logg ng abovethe High Flood Level Pedestriansafety This is withinsix-laning portion service road provided.At Chaleswarwideningis proposed towards right side to protectthe pedestransfrom the fast-movingtraffic. Other facilities includethe earthen/pavedshoulder for slow-movingvehicles or for vehicleswhich have suffered accidentaldamage. Ccngestiondue to Six-laneflyovers proposed in Rambaghand Tundla. Proposalfor strict enforcementof encroachment parking andtraffic rules.In addition,2 truck lay byesand 11 bus-stopshave been proposed. Accident proneareas (a) At Kuberpur,a subwayis provided. (b) Provisionof serviceroads with streetlights. (c) Provisionof signboardsand speed breakers. (d) SafetyAudit proposedto be carriedout by May2001 Impacton wild life Proposedunder passat a cost of Rs. 7 lacs in the ReservedForest stretch. Impacton community Relocationof communityfacilities 59 handpumps, 12shrines. The total cost for theseis facililes expectedto be nearlyRs. 16 lacs. Lossto private Compensationat"replacement cost" or "actualmarket value" aggregatingRs. 98 lacs and properties assistancetotalling Rs. 89 lacs. Impacton vulnerable All the affectedfamilies falling under the vulnerablecategory including the BPL are going groups to be compensatedand/or assistedirrespective of their ownershipstatus. Additional assistanceto vulnerablegroups will be given.

ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT MEASURES PROPOSED

A description of the various management measures during the various stages of the project is provided in the following sections.

Pre-construction Stage

During the pre-constructon stage, the management measures required will include, the clearance of the RoW, transplantation of the candidate trees identified, the measures for protecting/replacing community resources such as hand pumps and other utilities likely to be impacted. Their enhancement shall also be completed before construction actually starts so that the community can start using these while the construction activity begins.

Construction Stage

This will be the most crucial and active stage for the Environmental Management Plan. In addition to the monitoring of the construction activity itself to ensure that the environment is not impacted beyond permissible limits, the enhancement of cultural properties, mitigabon and enhancement measures for water bodies will go on simultaneously as the construction progresses. The major measures are: * Proper siting of labour camps, construction equipment and plants E.g. Hotmix plants 500 m from settlements. * Provision for oil and grease traps and sedimentation basins at areas where pollution from vehicles is likely. E.g. Near vehicle storage areas

8 * Traffic safety plan to be implementedby contractorafter approvalof Engineer * Contractorto conformto all ant-malarial instructionsgiven to him by the Engineer. * No borewellor extractionof groundwaterwithoutpermission of UP GroundwaterBoard. * Constructionover and close to non-perennialstreams shall be undertakenin the dry season. * Constructionexpected to disrupt users and impacting communitywater bodies will be taken up after servingnotice on the local community. * Any dust generatedwill be cleared immediatelyby manual sweepingand removal of debris,or mechanicallyif required. * The roadsurfaces-shall be hosed or watered using necessaryequipment, if required.

Operation Stage

The operaton stage will essentiallyentail monitoringactivity along the corridor. The monitoringfor pollutants specified in the Monitoring Plan will serve the two purposes. In additionto checking the efficacy of the protection/mitigation/enhancementmeasures implemented, this will help verify or refute the predictions made as a part of the impact assessment. Thus, it will corriplete a very importantfeedback loop for the NHAI.

The responsibilityfor implementationand supervisionof EMPsare vestedwith four agencies,namely Contractors,NHAI, PIU and Engineers.The Contractorsherein mean the agency hiredfor execution of the constructionworks for the respectivecontract packages.NHAI would be the implementation agency at two levels one at Centre referredas NHAI and the other at Package level named as PIU, in the EMP.

9 1. SUMMARY EMP: PACKAGE - IIB

INTRODUCTION

The National Highway-2 (NH-2) connecting Delhi with Kolkata is one of the most important high- density corridors in the country. The existing highway is a two-lane carriageway with traffic bottlenecks and various -highway deficiencies. To cater to the existing high volume of traffic, there is an urgent need for capacity augmentation of this highway.

The 1400km long NH-2 falls in the Upper Gangetic Plain in northern India and traverses through the states of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. As part of the Delhi-Kolkata se(gment of the Golden Quadrilateral, the Delhi-Agra section (210km) at the west end, and Barwa Adda-Kolkata section (278km) at the east end of the NH-2 have already been 4-laned with assistance from the ADB.

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is improving the Agra-Dhanbad portion of the NH-2 with assistance from the World Bank. To facilitate the project preparabon, the corridor stretch has been divided into five packages. International consultants have been appointed for the planning and design of each of these five packages, each about 200km long. Each contract package has been further divided into 16 contract packages. Eight of the 16 contract packages were selected for Third National Highway Project (TNHP).

Of the remaining eight packages, seven have been proposed under the Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project (GTRIP). The Allahabad bypass (Contract Package III-B) has not been included as part of TNHP or GTRIP and will be taken up subsequently for construction by NHAI with funding from the World Bank.

Table 1:Contract Packages of TNHP and GTRIP

Contract Description From To Length Part ot Project Package (chainage) (Chainage) (km)

!- A Agra- Shikohabad 199.660 250.500 50.840 GTRIP

I-B Shikohabad - Etawah Bypass 250.500 307.500 59.020 GTRIP ______~~~(start) Etawah bypass 307.500 321.100 13.600 E Etawah bypass I - C Etawah bypass (end)- Bhognipur 321.100 393.000 72.825 GTRIP 11_-_A Sikandra/Bhognipur- Bhaunti 393.000 470.000 61.600 TNHP II - B | Shaunti - Fatehpur Border 470.000 38.000 51.330 GTRIP Ii-C I Fatehpur Border- Khaga 38.000 115.000 77W000 TNHP 1I1-A Khaga- Kokhraj 115.000 158.000 43.D00 TNHP __ 6 Kokhraj - Paharpur Village 158.000 L 245.000 87.000 Allahabad Bypass III-C Paharpurvillage-RajaTalab 245.000 317.000 72.000 TNHP IV -A Raja Talab - Mohania 317.000 65.000 76.100 GTRIP IV -B Mohania-Sasaram bypass 65.000 110.000 45.000 TNHP IV-c Sasaram bypass 110.000 140.000 31.100 GTRIP IV- D Sone River-Aurangabad 140.000 180.000 40.000 TNHP V- A Aurangabad- Raniganj 180.000 240.000 60.000 TNHP V- i Raniganj - Barakatha 240.000 320.000 81.570 GTRIP V -C Barakatha- Barwa-Adda (Dhanbad) 320.000 398.750 78.750 TNHP Total GTRIP 422.780 Source.NHAI, 2000

1 PROJECTDESCRIPTION

Package 11starts from km 393.000at Sikandraand ends at km 115.000near Khaga. This package has been further subdividedinto three contract packages namely, IIA, IIB and IIC. Package 11B is consideredunder the GTRIP. It starts at km. 470.000 and goes via Kanpur bypass (krn. 473.200- km. 491.992) and ends at km. 38.000. At the end of Kanpur bypass, the Chainage based on distancefrom Delhi ends (km 491.992)and thereafter,the Chainagebased on distancefrom Kanpur townstarts (km 8.462).

Major industries located along this stretch are LML Scooters, LML Ancillary of scooter parts, DuncansFertilisers, Indane LPG Gas Plant, Rajendra Steel Pipes and SAIL warehouse. Stretches with high-densitycommercial development are locatedat Bhaunti(km 470.000- km 471.000),Panki (km 471.000- km 472.000), Gujaini (km 5.000), Barra (km 9.000), Naubasta (km 11.000), Kidwai Nagar(km 12.000) and Rama Devi (km 19.000).Very high trafficvolumes (as high as 300,058PCUs by 2015 AD) are projectedalong the corridor.A dividedfour-lane carriageway has been proposedfor the highway.

IMPROVEMENTPROPOSALS

The objectiveof the project is to widen to 4 lanes (or 6 lanes in the first 21km section of Package I- A). the existing highway to meet the traffic needs for the next 20-30 years. It entailed detailed analysisof the presentand future traffic, pavementand soil conditions,construction materials, cross- drainage structures, economic justifications, and environmental/socialfeatures. As a guiding principle.the project avoided land acquisition,displacement of people and properties,and loss of roadsidetrees, as much as possible, and several variations in the configurationof the proposed developmentresulted from such considerations.

The proposedimprovements include wideningto 4-lane carriagewaysby additionof a new 2-lane 7m wide carriagewayfor the entireGTRIP stretch, exceptin the first 21km section of Package I-A (where the improvementwould consistof reconstructionas a 6-lane carriageway).There would be (raised) mediandivider for the entirestretch, generally of a width of 5m, but of lesser width (as low as 1 .5m) in places where space is not available.There would also be 1.5m wide paved shoulders, and 1m earthenshoulders on eitherside of the highway.

The existingcross-drainage structures (major/minor bridges and culverts) on the highway will be repaired/ rehabilitated,including widening to standard width, if required. Additionally, new cross- drainage structures (mostly culverts) will be provided in areas of waterlogging,and whenever the existingones are inadequate.

Keepingin view the safety requirements,geometric improvements will be madeto the horizontaland vertical profile of the highway,by straighteningof sub-standardcurves (minor realignments),and by providingproper transitionand banking.To avoidthe areas of congestion,and where adequateland is not availablewithout displacing a large number of residential/commercialstructures, bypasses will be provided.To minimise adverse impacts on various settlements and to minimise land/property acquisition,short bypassesand realignmentshave been proposed.

A number of measures were incorporatedin the designto segregatethe slow and the fast moving traffic (so as to reduce the possibilityof accidents).Roadsidedrains will be providedfor the entire stretch, includingcovered drains in the built-up areas. The project incorporateselaborate schemes for illumination,signage, and safety elements such as crash barriers and guide rails. A few ROBs and flyoversare also proposed.Adequate roadsidefacilities like truck-parkingbays, rest areas, bus baysand bus sheltershave been proposed.The proposedimprovements planned for in Package lIB have been presentedin Table 2.

2 Table 2: Proposed Improvements - Package IIB

Type of road section Length(km) Urban sectionwith service road 30.65 Urban sectionwithout serviceroad 2.03 Rural secbon 20.255

METHODOLOGYADOPTED

A number of inter-linked studies were carried out as part of the Project Preparationactivities. The main stages or the methodologyadopted covers the following: * PreliminaryEnvironmental and SocialScreening; * Documentationof BaselineConditions; Assessmentof PotentialImpacts; * CommunityConsultation; * Integrationof EnvironmentalAssessments in the DesignProcess; * Assessmentof Alternatves; * Mitigation& EnhancementMeasures; EnvironmentalManagement Plans (EMPs); Review of ElAs and the EMPs;and CConsolidation of EIAand EMPs

SOCIAL& ENVIRONMENTALBENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT

1. Macro-Economic Benefits: The projectis seen as a major generator of economic momentum, and will benefit the economically backward states of UP, Bihar and Jharkhand in a significant way. The projectis expectedto removethe industrialdevelopment bottlenecks, bring the cost of transportationdown, and thereby benefitall sections of the society.The projectwill further open up the vast hinterlandsof UP, Bihar and Jharkhandto the eastern gatewayports of Kolkataand Haldia.The investmentin rigid pavementis expectedto boost the cement industry,and further trickle down to the other sectorsof economy.

The direct benefits accrue due to the reduction in the vehicle operatng cost (VOC) and the savings in the value of time (VOT)of the road-users.Present value of the said direct benefitsis estimatedat US$2170 million.

The presentvalue of the investmentsin the project is estimated at US$550 million. Given this investmentand the direct benefits,the net benefitof the projectis estimatedat US$1620 million, at an economic internal rate of return of about 30%. If the indirect benefits (i.e., the benefts accruingdue to growthof industrialisation,improvement of accessibility,particularly to the social and healthinfrastructure, etc.) were also measured,the net benefitof the projectwould be much higher.

2. Accident ReductionBenefits: The existinghighway stretches under GTRIP are known to have high ratesof accidents.Most of the accidentsnow involvesingle vehicles, and the fatality among the pedestriansand the slow-movingtraffic is significantlyhigher. Due to the project,medians will segregatevehicles movingin the opposite directions,segregation of slow and fast movingtraffic will occur by means of service roads in the built-up areas. Geometric deficiencies will be improved. Pedestrian facilities, organised bus-bays, footpaths, guardrails, crash barriers and proper signagewill be provided.Parking lay-byes,and ROBs will be provided.Twenty-nine lives will be saved every year, along with preventon of about 3,000 injuries. Over all, accident risks will be reducedby 68 percentover the whole stretchof GTRIP.

3 3. Local Facilities: Passengeramenities like bus stops, passengersheds,underpasses, organised parking lots, lay byes and service lanes will be added. Common property resources and community assets will be conserved(which otherwise are decaying) and enhanced (detailed plans. designsand budgetaryallocation has been made for about----- such sites).

4. EmploymentGeneration: Large employment opportunities (about half a millionperson-months, and for about 40,000 persons) will be directly createdby the project,of which about 15 percent will occur in Package IIB.

5. Improved Access to Amenities:This will include speedier access to employment,health and educationcentres, increased opportunityfor economic activities,and reductionin transportation costsand enlarged market accessfor the agricultureand householdmanufacturing sectors.

6. Environmental Benefits:

The Benefits Associated to the projectwill include:

e Reductionof noise pollutiondue to increasedroad capacityand speediertraffic, lessened congestion,traffic segregation; • Directand significantreduction of overallfuel consumpton.

Benefits Created (planned, designedand budgeted)by the projectwill include,

* Increasedoverall safety levels and mitigationof existingaccident black-spots; * Reductionof air and noise pollutionthrough better traffic managementschemes, by providing adequatedesigns for traffic separation,parking, ensuring smooth flow of traffic, etc.; * Creation of low-noisezones and noise shadows (partcularly at educationand health facilities near the project corridor); * Reuse of industrialwaste materialssuch as bottom pondash (genericallyknown as fly ash); Better visual environment,by meansof cleaningof the projectsite and the immediatevicinity of the existingheap of indiscriminatedumping of wastesand dirt; * Enhancement'of environmentally,ecologically and culturallyimportant sites and common property resources; * Landscapingof the entireproject corridor(over and above compensatoryafforestation), * Improvedlocal and roadsidedrainage; improving and augmentingwaterways for several cross- drains,rivulets and rivers,preservation of water bodiesand water sources; and * Introductionof low-polluton constructontechniques, scheduling, plants and machinery,etc.

The EMPsand the RAPs prepared(for each of the contract packages)take care of all such potenbal impacts (whichcould not be avoidedduring the design/preparation).

PUBLICPARTICIPATION AND COMMUNITYCONSULTATION

Publicparticipation and communityconsultation has beentaken up as an integral part of social and environmentalassessment process of the Grand Trunk Road ImprovementProject. The process carried out at various stages of the project preparation,public participationhas been viewed as a continuoustwo way process, involving promotion of public understandingof the processes and mechanismsthrough which developmentalproblems and needsare investigatedand solved.

Environmentalenhancements include EMP measures taken at placesto improvethe qualityor ambience wherethere is no adverseeffect of the project,and is distinctfrom the mitigatonmeasures.

4 Objectives: Consultationwas used as a tool to inform and educate stakeholdersabout the proposed action both before and after the developmentdecisions were made. It assistedin identificationof the problems associatedwith the project as well as the needs of the populationlikely to be impacted. This participatoryprocess helped in reducing the public resistance to change and enabled the participationof the local people in the decision making process. The involvementcif the various stakeholders ensuredthat the affected populationand other stakeholders are informed, consulted and are allowed to participate at various stages of project preparation. The process aimed at promotingpublic awarenessabout the proposedproject especially amongstthe potentiallyimpacted communitiesfindividualsincluding the entitlementframework and ResettlementAction Plan (RAP).

The consultationprogramme has been conductedat several levels, such as: . Heads of the householdslikely to be impacted; * Membersof the householdslikely to be impacted; * Clustersof PAPs: * Villagers; . Village Panchayats; * Local voluntary organisations,and CBOs/NGOs; * Governmentagencies and departments; - Otherproject stakeholders, such as women,tribal and ethnic communities,road user groups, health professionalsand others. Table 3 summarisesthe Public ConsultationSessions that have been conductedin Package IIB.

Table 3: PublicConsultation Sessions - Package IIB

Type of Public Consultation Locations Numberof Meetings Doorto DoorPersonal Interview Ramia Padao,Jainpur All Projectaffected villages covered FocusGroup Discussions Bhima,Ramia, Bilinda, Malwan, 4 Tharyaon,Mabholi, Budhauli ExpertConsultation (district) Kanpur 4 Stakeholders'Consultation (district) Kanpur,Fatehpur 3 DistrictLevel Public Heaing Fatehpur 3

ISSUESRAISED BY PUBLICAND ADDRESSALOF THE ISSUES

The focus of the communityconsultation sessions was in developingsolutions to the issues raised. Resettlement and compensationwas a major issue in all the consultationsessions or the public meetings. Some of the concerns were applicable to the entire project area, whereas at certain locations there were specific issues raised. The environmental issues/concernsmade by local residents,focus groups and governmentofficials have beensummarized under the following heads:

* Air and Noise Pollution * Faunaand Flora * Traffic Congestion * RoadsideDrainage * Road Safety * Water bodies * Cultural Properties * RoadsideAmenities

Public Consultationwill be organised in March 2001 to appraise the people about the final road design and how the local issues have been addressed by the project. The following plan for the continuedparticipabon of the various stakeholders,especially the projectaffected has been worked out to ensure time bound and effective achievements of the implementabonof the various EA measuresproposed -

5 * StatePublic Library at Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh; a DistrictPublic Libraryat Varanasi,Uttar * StatePublic Libraryat Patna,Bihar; Pradesh; * StatePublic Libraryat Ranchi,Jharkhand; * DistrictPublic Libraryat Chandauli,Uttar * DistrictPublic Libraryat Agra; Uttar Pradesh; Pradesh; * DistrictPublic Libraryat Firozabad,Uttar . DistrictPublic Libraryat Mohania,Bihar, Pradesh . DistrictPublic Libraryat Bhabua, E3ihar; * DistrictPublic Libraryat Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh: * DistrictPublic Libraryat Hazaribac,Jharkhand.

MAJOR ISSUES

The focus in GTRIP has been on the positive and negative impacts associated with the improvement/rehabilitation of the Project Corridor. The impacts on the various environmental components have been evaluated for both the construction and operation stages. Table 4 describes the major issues that have been identified in Package I.

Table 4: PotentialIssues in PackageIIB

Issue Description Remova of road sidetrees A total of 6972 trees needto be removedto accommodatethe RoW Lossof ProductiveTop Soil Acquisiton of 13.7 ha of productiveagricultural land is required High Air Polluton Levels The entire corridor exceeds the permissibleair pollution levels for rural and residentialareas. Dust and Emissions Kanpur Poor Drainageand Water Logging Throughoutthe corridor Waste water discharge on the Bhaunti bazaar area, Rama Devi crossing and Maharajpur bazaar highwayand increasedroad run off area aresome of the poody drainedstretches. High NoiseLevels Predicted by 2028 A.D (74 db(A), which is higher than the permissiblelevels of 45db(A)in residentialareas at night throughout the corridor Lossof CulturalPropertes 26 cultural properties of local significance along the corridor. Of which, 17 are temples and rest are shrines. Brahmadevtemple lies alongthe edge of the corridor and has great localsignificance. Safety of school children of Throughoutthe corridor. educationa institutions along the highway. Congestionand TrafficJams Rania,Ramadevi, Fatehpur and Bilinda

Removalof CommunityUtility 5 wells and 31 hand pumpsthat would be impactedby the project Loss of public amenities Lossof 1 educationalinstitution. Loss to PrivateProperties The total numberof project-affectedfamilies (PAPs) is 1347 and the numberof project-displacedfamilies (PDFs) is 1028. Impacton VulnerableGroups 44.5% of the familiesaffected belong to the vulnerablegroups which includeWomen headed households,Scheduled castes,Scheduled tribes, and familiesbelow the povertyline.

MITIGATION MEASURES

Certain impacts have been actually avoided (or minimised) during project preparation. Examples of total avoidance include avoiding impacting water bodies and cultural assets by realignment or bypassing. Examples of minimising impacts include minimising felling of roadside tree plantation,

6 minimising land acquisition and impacts on people and properties. Such minimisation has been possible by earmarking a corridor of impact (Col), and restricting all proposed project activity within such Col. Table 5 details out the Mitigaton Measures that have been proposed in Package IA of the Project Corridor.

Table 5 - Mitigation Measures Proposed

Issue MitigationMeasures Removl of road side Forestryclearance obtained; Compensatory afforestation @ 2 saplingsfor each tree emovatoreesSl e felled:Additional plantabon to be carriedout as per landscapeplan createdfor GTRIP.A trees totalof 43729 treeswill be plantedalong the highway.

Topsoilup to a depth of 15 cm from all areas,which are stripped,cut or borrowedfrom, of productive shall be preserved.The preservedtopsoil shall be usedto redevelopborrow areas and Loss o any other existingwastelands. From a totalcost of more than Rs. 93 lacs for top soil redevelopmentof borrow areas,provision has been madeto conservetopsoil that will be stockpiled. The sensitvereceptors of noise like schoolsand hospitalshave been studiedin detailand High nciselevels mitigationplans are preparedfor each of the selectedsensitive receptor. There are 5 such locationsin this stretchand the total length of the proposed noise barrieris 1121 m. Drainageand water Road side drainshave been provided.In thisstretch 58 urbandrains have been provided logging at variousplaces to ensure percolationof run-off in urban areas. (a) Provisionof serviceroads with streetlights. Accidentprone areas (b) Widening will bewith minimumdisplacement. (c) Provisionof signboardsand speed breakers. (d) AdditionalSafety Audit has been proposed by May2001. No parking Truck lay-byehas been proposed at Chainage 13.2 km. Relocationof communityfacilities such as hand pumps,wells and shrines.36 hand pumps Impacton community and wells are to be relocatedat a combinedcost of more than Rs. 9.5 lacs.This also fac lities includesenhancement of three culturalproperties including BrahmadevTemple at km 18.700 alongwith the area at Sarsaul College Lossto private Compensationat "replacementcost" or "actual marketvalue". properties

Impacton vulnerable All the affectedfamilies falling underthe vulnerablecategory including those below grovups povertyline are going to be compensatedand/or assistedirrespectve of their ownership status.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES PROPOSED

A description of the various management measures during the various stages of the project is provided in the following sections.

Pre-construction Stage

During the pre-construction stage, the management measures required will include, the clearance of the RoW, transplantation of the candidate trees identified, the measures for protecting/replacing community resources such as hand pumps and other utilities likely to be impacted. Their enhancement shall also be completed before construction actually starts so that the community can start using these while the construction activity begins.

Construction Stage

This will be the most crucial and active stage for the Environmental Management Plan. In addition to the monitoring of the construction actvity itself to ensure that the environment is riotimpacted

7 beyond permissible limits, the enhancement of cultural properties, mitgation and enhancement measures for water bodies will go on simultaneouslyas the construction progresses.The major measuresare:

* Proper siting of labour camps, construction equipment and plants E.g. Hot mix plants 500 m from settlements. . Provisionfor oil and grease traps and sedimentationbasins at areas where pollution from vehiclesis likely. E.g. Near vehicle storageareas * Traffic safety plan to be implementedby contractorafter approvalof Engineer * Contractorto conformto all anti-malarialinstructions given to him by the Engineer. * No borewell or extractionof groundwaterwithout permissionof UP GroundwaterBoard. * Constructionover and close to non-perennialstreams shall be undertakenin the clry season. * Constructionexpected to disruptusers and impactingcommunity water bodies will be taken up afterserving noticeon the local community. • Any dust generatedwill be cleared immediatelyby manual sweepingand removal of debris,or mechanicallyif required. * The road surfaces shall be hosed or watered using necessaryequipment, if required.

Operation Stage

The operationstage will essentiallyentail monitoringactivity along the corridor. The monitoringfor pollutants specified in the MonitoringPlan will serve the two purposes. In additionto checking the efficacy of the protection/mitigation/enhancementmeasures implemented, this will help verify or refute the predictions made as a part of the impact assessment. Thus, it will complete a very importantfeedback loop for the NHAI.

The responsibilityfor implementaton and supervisionof EMPsare vestedwith four agencies,namely Contractors,NHAI, PIU and Engineers.The Contractorsherein mean the agencyhired for execution of the constructionworks for the respectivecontract packages.NHAI would be the implementation agencyat two levels one at Centre referredas NHAI and the other at Package level named as PIU, in the EMP.

8 SUMMARY EMP: PACKAGE - IVC

INTRODUCTION The National Highway-2 (NH-2) connecting Delhi with Kolkata is one of the most important high- density corridors in the country. The existing highway is a two-lane carriageway with traffic bottlenecks and various highway deficiencies. To cater to the existing high volume of traffic, there is an urgent need for capacity augmentation of this highway. The 1400km long NH-2 falls in the Upper Gangefic Plain in northern India and traverses through the states of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. As part of the Delhi-Kolkata segment of the Golden Quadrilateral, the Delhi-Agra section (210km) at the west end, and Barwa Adda-Kolkata section (278km) at the east end of the NH-2 have already been 4-laned with assistance from the ADS, The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is improving the Agra-Dhanbad portion of the NH-2 with assistance from the World Bank. To facilitate the project preparation, the corridor stretch has been divided into five packages. International consultants have been appointed for the planning and design of each of these five packages, each about 200km long. Each contract package has been further divided into 16 contract packages. Eight of the 16 contract packages were selected for Third National Highway Project (TNHP). Of the remaining eight packages, seven have been proposed under the Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project (GTRIP). The Allahabad bypass (Contract Package III-B) has not been included as part of TNHP or GTRIP and will be taken up subsequently for construction by NHAI with funding from the World Bank. Table 1:Contract Packages of TNHP and GTRIP

Contract DsrpinFrom To Length PrtoPojc Package Description (chainage) (Chainage) (kng) Partof Project

i-A Agra- Shikohabad 199.660 250.500 50.840 | GTRIP l-B Shikohabad- Etawah Bypass 250.500 307.500 59.020 GTRIP ______~~(start) Etawahbypass 307.500 321.100 13.600 Etawahbypass

I - C . Etawah bypass (end)- Bhognipur 321.100 393.000 72.825 GTRIP 11- A i Sikandra/Bhognipur-Bhaunti 393.000 470.000 61.600 TNHP 11- B I Bhaunti - Fatehpur Border 470.000 38.000 51.330 GTRIP 1_1_-_C Fatehpur Border- Khaga 38.000 115.000 77.000 TNHP

__ A_- Khaga- Kokhraj 115.000 158.000 43.000 TNHP III-B Kokhraj - Paharpur Village 158.000 245.000 87000 Allahabad Bypass

_ 1-_ _ Paharpurvillage-RajaTalab 245.000 317.000 72.000 TNHP IV -A Raja Talab- Mohania 317.000 65.000 76.100 GTRIP IV-B Mohania-Sasaram bypass 65.000 110.000 45.000 TNHP IV -C Sasarambypass 110.000 140.000 31.100 GTRIP IV-D SoneRiver-Aurangabad 140.000 180.000 40.000 TNHP V- A Aurangabad - Raniganj 180.000 240.000 60.000 1 TNHP V-B Raniganj - Barakatha 240.000 320.000 | 81.570 GTRIP V -C Barakatha-Barwa-Adda (Dhanbad) 320.000 398.750 78.750 TNHP Total GTRIP 422.780 Source: NHAI. 2000

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Package IV starts at km 317.000 and ends at km 140.000 at the end of Sone bridge in Dehri-on- Sone. The Package is sub-divided into two contract Packages IV A and Package IV C. Package IV A starts at km. 317.000 and ends at km. 65.000 in Mohania at Durgawati. In between, it passes throughVaranasi bypass (km 318.942- km 21.270)crossing River Ganga at km 15.000.Package IV C starts at km 110.000and ends at km 140.000,between kmr.1 11.000 and 130.000the existingNH-2 passes through the Sasaram town and it will be bypassed on the southern side of the existing alignment.

IMPROVEMENTPROPOSALS The objectiveof the projectis to widen to 4 lanes, the existinghighway to meet the traffic needs for the next 20-30 years. It entaileddetailed analysis of the present and future traffic, pavernentand soil conditions, construction materials, cross-drainage structures, economic justifications, and environmental/socialfeatures. As a guiding principle, the project avoided land acquisition, displacementof people and properties,and loss of roadsidetrees, as much as possible,and several variationsin the configurationof the proposeddevelopment resulted from such considerations. The proposedimprovements include widening to 4-lane carriagewaysby additionof a new 2-lane 7m wide carriagewayfor the entire GTRIP stretch. Therewould be (raised) median dividerfor the entire stretch, generally of a width of 5m, but of lesser width (as low as 1.5m) in places where space is not available.There would also be 1.5m wide pavedshoulders, and 1m earthenshoulders on eitherside of the highway. The existingcross-drainage structures (majorlminor bridges and culverts) on the highway will be repaired/ rehabilitated,including widening to standard width, if required. Additionally, new cross- drainage structures (mostly culverts) will be provided in areas of waterlogging,and whenever the existingones are inadequate. Keepingin view the safety requirements,geometric improvements will be madeto the horizontaland vertical profile of the highway,by straighteningof sub-standardcurves (minorrealignments), and by providingpropertransition and banking. To avoidthe areas of congestion,and where adequateland is not availablewithout displacinga large number of residential/commercialstructures, bypasses will be provided.To minimize adverse impacts on various settlements and to minimize land/property acquisition,short bypassesand realignmentshave been proposed. A number of measureswere incorporatedin the design to segregatethe slow and the fast moving traffic (so as to reduce the possibilityof accidents).Roadside drains will be providedfor the entire stretch,including covered drains in the built-up areas. The project incorporateselaborate schemes for illumination,signage, and safety elements such as crash barriers and guide rails. A few ROBs and flyoversare also proposed.Adequate roadsidefacilities like truck-parkingbays, rest areas, bus bays and bus shelters have been proposed.The proposed improvements planned for in Package IVC have been presentedin Table 2.

Table 2: ProposedImprovements - PackageIV C Typeof roadsection Length(km) Urbansection with service roads 2.050 Urbansection without servce roads 4.982 Ruralsecton 20.920 Bridgesection 3.325 METHODOLOGYADOPTED

A number of inter-linked studies were carried out as part of the Project Preparationactivities. The main stages or the methodologyadopted covers the following: PreliminaryEnvironmental and SocialScreening; Documentationof BaselineConditions: Assessmentof Potential Impacts: CommunityConsultation; Integrationof EnvironmentalAssessments in the DesignProcess; Assessmentof Alternatives; Mitigation& EnhancementMeasures; EnvironmentalManagement Plans (EMPs); Reviewof ElAs and the EMPs;and Consolidationof EIA and EMPs

SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTALBENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT

Macro-Economic Benefits: The project is seen as a major generator of economic mornentum,and will benefitthe economically backward states of UP, Bihar and Jharkhand in a significantway. The projectis expectedto removethe industrialdevelopment bottlenecks, bring the cost of transportation down, and thereby benefit all sections of the society. The project will further open up the vast hinterlandsof UP, Bihar and Jharkhand to the eastern gateway ports of Kolkata and Haldia.The investmentin rigid pavement is expectedto boostthe cement industry,and furthertrickle down to the othersectors of economy. The direct benefitsaccrue due to the reductionin the vehicle operatingcost (VOC)and the savings in the value of time (VOT) of the road-users.Present value of the said direct benefitsis estimatedat US$2170 million. The present value of the investmentsin the project is estimated at US$550 million. Given this investmentand the direct benefits, the net benefit of the project is estimatedat US$1620million, at an economic internal rate of return of about 30%. If the indirect benefits (i.e.,the benefitsaccruing due to growth of industrialisation,improvement of accessibility,particularly to the social and health infrastructure,etc.) were also measured,the net benefitof the projectwould be much higher. Accident Reduction Benefits: The existinghighway stretches under GTRIP are known to have high rates of accidents.Most of the accidents now involve single vehicles, and the fatality among the pedestriansand the slow-moving traffic is significantly higher. Due to the project, medians will segregatevehicles moving in the opposite directions,segregation of slow and fast movingtraffic will occur by means of service roads in the built-up areas. Geometric deficiencies will be improved. Pedestrianfacilities, organised bus-bays, footpaths, guardrails, crash barriersand proper signagewill be provided. Parking lay-byes, and ROBs will be provided. Twenty-ninelives will be saved every year. along with prevention of about 3,000 injuries. Over all, accident risks will be reduced by 68 percent overthe whole stretch of GTRIP. Local Facilities: Passenger amenities like bus stops, passenger sheds, underpasses,organised parking lots, lay byes and service lanes will be added. Common property resourcesand community assetswill be conserved(which otherwiseare decaying)and enhanced (detailedplans, designsand budgetaryallocabon has been madefor about--- such sites). Employment Generation: Large employmentopportunities (about half a millionperson--months, and for about40,000 persons)will be directly created by the project, of which about 15 percentwill occur in Package lB. Improved Access to Amenities: This will include speedier access to employment, health and education centres, increased opportunityfor economic activites, and reduction in transportation costs and enlarged market access for the agricultureand householdmanufacturing sectors. Environmental Benefits: The Benefits Associated to the projectwill include: Reduction of noise pollution due to increased road capacity and speedier traffic, lessened congestion,traffic segregation; Direct and significantreduction of overall fuel consumption. Benefits Created (planned,designed and budgeted)bythe projectwill include, Increasedoverall safety levels and mitigationof existingaccident black-spots; Reduction of air and noise pollution through better traffic managementschemes, by providing adequate designsfor traffic separation,parking, ensuring smooth flow of traffic, etc.; Creaton of low-noisezones and noise shadows(particularly at educationand healthfacilities near the projectcorridor); Reuse of industrialwaste materialssuch as bottom pond ash (genericallyknown as fly ash); Bettervisual environment,by means of cleaning of the project site and the immediatevicinity of the existingheap of indiscriminatedumping of wastesand dirt; Enhancement'of environmentally,ecologically and culturallyimportant sites and commonproperty resources; Landscapingof the entire projectcorridor (over and abovecompensatory afforestation), Improvedlocal and roadside drainage; improvingand augmentingwaterways for several cross- drains,rivulets and rivers,preservation of water bodiesand water sources; and Introductionof low-pollutionconstruction techniques, scheduling, plants and machinery, etc. The EMPsand the RAPsprepared (for each of the contractpackages) take care of all such potential impacts(which could not be avoidedduring the design/preparaton).

PUBLICPARTICIPATION AND COMMUNITYCONSULTATION Public participationand communityconsultation has been taken up as an integral part of social and environmentalassessment process of the Grand Trunk Road ImprovementProject. The process carried out at various stages of the project preparation,public participationhas been viewed as a continuoustwo way process, involving promotion of public understandingof the processes and mechanismsthrough which developmentalproblems and needs are investigatedand solved. Objectives: Consultationwas used as a tool to inform and educatestakeholders about the proposed acton both before and afterthe developmentdecisions were made. It assistedin identificationof the problems associatedwith the project as well as the needs of the population likelyto be impacted.

Environmentalenhancements include EMP measures taken at placesto improvethe qualityor ambience wherethere is no adverseeffect of the project,and is distinctfrom the mrtigationmeasures. This participatoryprocess helped in reducing the public resistance to change and enabled the participationof the local people in the decision making process. The involvement ol the various stakeholdersensured that the affected populationand other stakeholders are informed, consulted and are allowed to participate at various stages of project preparation. The process aimed at promotingpublic awareness about the proposedproject especiallyamongst the potentiallyimpacted commnunitiesfindividualsincluding the entitlementframework and ResettlementAction Plan (RAP). The consLUltationprogramme has been conductedat several levels, such as: Heads of the householdslikely to be impacted; Members of the householdslikely to be impacted; Clusters of PAPs; Villagers: Village Panchayats; Local voluntaryorganisations, and CBOs/NGOs; Governmentagencies and departments; Other project stakeholders,such as women, tribal and ethnic communities, road user groups, health professionalsand others. Table 3 summarizesthe Public ConsultationSessions that have been conductedin Package IVC. Table 3: Public ConsultationSessions - PackageIVC Typeof PublicConsultation Locations Numberof Meetings Doorto DoorPersonal In Varanasi,Chandauli and All Projectaffected villages Interview KaimurDistricts covered FocusGroup Discussions In Varanasi,Chandauli and KaimurDistricts ExpertConsultation (district) Stakeholders'Consultation RajaTalab, Chandauli and 4 (district) Mohania DistrictLevel Public Hearing Mohania 4

ISSUESRAISED BY PUBLICAND ADDRESSALOF THEISSUES The focus of the communityconsultation sessions was in developingsolutions to the issues raised. Resettlement and compensationwas a major issue in all the consultationsessions or the public meetings. Some of the concerns were applicable to the entire project area, whereas at certain locations there were specific issues raised. The environmental issues/concerns made by local residents,focus groups and government officialshave been summarizedunderthe following heads:

* Air and Noise Pollution * Fauna and Flora * Traffic Congestion * RoadsideDrainage * Road Safety * Water bodies * Cultural Properties * RoadsideAmenities Public Consultationwill be organisedin March 2001 to appraisethe peopleaboutthe final road design and howthe local issueshave beenaddressed by the project.The following plan for the continued participationof the varous stakeholders,especially the project affected has been worked out to ensure time bound and effective achievements of the implementation of the various EA measures proposed - State Public Libraryat Lucknow, Uttar * DistrictPublic Libraryat Varanasi, Pradesh: Uttar Pradesh; StatePublic Libraryat Patna,Bihar; * DistrictPublic Libraryat Chandauli, StatePublic Libraryat Ranchi, Uttar Pradesh; Jharkhand, * DistrictPublic Libraryat Mohania DistrictPublic Libraryat Agra, Uttar Bihar; Pradesh * DistrictPublic Libraryat Bhabua, * DistrictPublic Libraryat Firozabad, Bihar; Uttar Pradesh; * DistrictPublic Lioraryat Hazaribag, DistrictPublic Libraryat Kanpur, Uttar Jharkhand Pradesh,

MAJOR ISSUES The focus in GTRIP has been on the positive and negative impacts associated with the improvementlrehabilitation of the Project Corridor. The impacts on the various environmental components have been evaluated for both the construction and operation stages. Table 4 describes the major issuesthat have been identifiedin Package IVC. Table 4: PotentialIssues In PackageIVC

Removalof road side A total of 887 trees needto be removedto accommodatethe RoW. trees High SPM levelsare expectedat crushersby the year 2015 and alsoat Dehri- On High Air pollutionlevels -Sn n aaa - Sone and Sasaram High noise levels High noise levelsare predictedat Dehri- On -Sone. Road Safety FrequentAccidents, especially Sasaram No properparking areas; Critcal in Coal Marketarea, Dehr - On - Sone and Barun Drainageand Flooding Urban areaof Sasaramexperiences drainage problems. Lossof Culturalproperties 2 culturalproperties along the corridorwill be affected. Land.Acquisition acquisi.n of 124.15 ha of productiveagricultural land, 11.60 ha of government Land acquisition land and 3.85 ha of degradedforest land.

Lossof Residentiall No residentialland is to be acquired,0.02 ha of commercialland is to be acquired. Comnmercialland No familieshaving their residenceswill be displacedbut 20 familieswith commercialproperties will be displaced(Title holders). Displacedfamilies 9 familieshaving their residences,64 familieswith commercialproperties, and 3 familieswho haveboth residential+commercialproperties will be displaced(Non- Title holders).

MITIGATION MEASURES

Certain impacts have been actually avoided (or minimized) during project preparabon. Examples oftotal avoidance include avoiding impactng water bodies and cultural assets by realignment or bypassing. Examples of minimizing impacts include minimizing felling of roadside tree plantation, minimizing land acquisition and impacts on people and properties. Such minimization has been possible by earmarking a corridor of impact (CIO), and restricting all proposed project activity within such CIO. Table 5 details out the Mitigation Measures that have been proposed in Package IVC of the Project Corridor. Table 5 - Mitigation Measures Proposed Issue Mitigation Measures Removalof roadside Forestryclearance obtained: compensatoryafforestation @ 2 saplingsfor each tre trema felled.Additional road plantation will be carriedout. A total of 31655trees will be plante trees with a total cost of Rs. 23.75 lacs

15 cm of topsoilwill be preservedin all areas of cutting,stripping or borrowing The Loss of productivetop preservedtopsoil will be used for redevelopmentof borrow areas, and any existing wasteland.It is expectedthat the redevelopmentof borrow areaswill be done at an so I estimatedcost of Rs. 34. 71 lacs from which a porton will be assignedpreservation of strippedsoil. With clearance from Forest Department,compensatory afforestationwill be done through the ForestDepartment Drainageand water Roadsidedrains; Urban drains at 12 locatons; higher road levelwith formationabout logging 1 m abovethe High Flood Levelat a total cost of Rs. 2.3 lacs Pedestriansafety Safetyof citizensof Sasaramhas promptedthe constructionof the bypass. encroachsentc In addition,3 truck lay byes and 12 bus-stopshave beenproposed

Provisionof serviceroads with streetlights. Accident proneareas Provisionof signboardsand speed breakers. SafetyAudit proposedto be carriedout by May2001 Impacton community Relocationof communityfacilities: 52 handpumpsand wells, 1 shrine. The total cost facilities for these is expectedto be nearlyRs. 16 lacs. Lossto private Compensationat "replacementcost" or "actualmarket value" aggregating Rs. 98 lacs properties and assistancetotalling Rs, 89 lacs. Impacton vulnerable All the affectedfamilies falling under the vulnerablecategory incliding the BPL are mpc on vulnerabe going to be compensatedand/or assistedirrespective of their ownership status. Additionalassistance to vulnerablegroups will be given.

ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT MEASURES PROPOSED A description of the various management measures during the various stages of the project is provided in the following sections. Pre-construction Stage During the pre-construction stage, the management measures required will include, the clearance of the RoW,.transplantation of the candidate trees identified, the measures for protecting/replacing community resources such as hand pumps and other utilities likely to be impacted. Their enhancement shall also be completed before construction actually starts so that the community can start using these while the construction activity begins. Construction Stage This will be the most crucial and active stage for the Environmental Management Plan. In addition to the monitoring of the construction activity itself to ensure that the environment is not impacted beyond permissible limits, the enhancement of cultural properties, mitigation and enhancement measures for water bodies will go on simultaneously as the construction progresses. The major rneasures are: * Proper siting of labour camps, construction equipment and plants E.g. Hot mix plants 500 m from settlements. Provision for oil and grease traps and sedimentation basins at areas where pollution from vehicles is likely. E.g. Near vehicle storage areas

7 * Traffic safety plan to be implementedby contractorafter approvalof Engineer * Contractorto conform to all anti-malarialinstructions given to him by the Engineer. * No bore-well or extractionof groundwaterwithoutpermission of UP GroundwaterBoard. * Constructionover and close to non-perennialstreams shall be undertakenin the dry season. * Constructionexpected to disrupt users and impacting communitywater bodies will be taken up afterserving notice on the local community. * Any dust generated will be cleared immediately by manual sweeping and removal of debris, or mechanicallyif required. * The roadsurfaces shall be hosed or watered using necessaryequipment, if required.

OperationStage The operation stage will essentially entail monitorng activity along the corridor. The monitoring for pollutants specified in the Monitoring Plan will serve the two purposes. In addition to checking the efficacy of the protection/mitigation/enhancementmeasures implemented, this will help verify or refute the predictions made as a part of the impact assessment.Thus, it will complete a very important feedback loop for the NHAI.

The responsibilityfor implementationand supervisionof EMPs are vested with four agencies, namely Contractors,NHAI, PIU and Engineers.The Contractorsherein mean the agency hired for executionof the constructionworks for the respectivecontract packages. NHAI would be the implementationagency at two levels one at Center referredas NHAI and the other at Package level named as PIU, in the EMP.

8 SUMMARY EMP: PACKAGE - VB

INTRODUCTION The National Highway-2(NH-2) connectingDelhi with Kolkata is one of the most important high- density corridors in the country. The existing highway is a two-lane carriageway with traffic bottlenecksand various highwaydeficiencies. To cater to the exsting high volume of traffic, there is an urgentneed for capacityaugmentation of this highway. The 1400km long NH-2 falls in the Upper GangeticPlain in northern India and traversesthrough the states of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh,Bihar and West Bengal. As part of the Delhi-Kolkatasegment of the Golden Quadrilateral,the Delhi-Agrasection (210km) at the west end, and Barwa Adda- Kolkata section (278km) at the east end of the NH-2 have already been 4-laned with assistance from the ADB. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is improvingthe Agra-Dhanbacl portion of the NH-2 with assistancefrom the World Bank. To facilitate the project preparation,the corridorstretch has been divided into five packages. International consultants have been appointed for the planning and design of each of these five packages, each about 200km long. Each contract package has been further divided into 16 contract packages. Eight of the 16 contract packages were selectedfor Third NationalHighway Project (TNHP). Of the remaining eight packages, seven have been proposed under the Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project (GTRIP). The Allahabad bypass (Contract Package III-B) has not been included as part of TNHP or GTRIP and will be taken up subsequentlyfor construction by NHAI with funding from the World Bank. Table I :Contract Packages of TNHP and GTRIP

Contrat Description (chainage) (Chainage) Length Part of Project

I- A Agra- Shikohabad 199.660 250.500 50.840 GTRIP l-B l(Shikohabad-Etawah Bypass 250.500 307.500 59.020 GTRIP

|______Etawah bypass 307.500 321.100 13.600 Etawah bypass I - c Etawahbypass (end)- Bhognipur 321.100 393.000 72.825 GTRIP 1i- A Sikandra/Bhognipur- Bhaunti 393.000 470.000 61.600 TNHP 11- B Bhaunti- FatehpurBorder 470.000 38.000 51.330 GTRIP ii-c FatehpurBorder- Khaga 38.000 115.000 77.000 TNHP 1i1-A Khaga- Kokhraj 115.000 158.000 43.000 TNHP 1i1-B Kokhraj- PaharpurVillage 158.000 245.000 87.000 AllahabadBypass Ill- C Paharpurvillage -Raja Talab 245.000 317.000 72.000 TNHP IV -A Raja Talab - Mohania 317.000 65.000 76.100 GTRIP IV -B Mohania-Sasarambypass 65.000 110.000 45.000 TNHP IV -C Sasarambypass 110.000 140.000 31.100 GTRIP IV-D SoneRiver-Aurangabad 140.G00 180.000 40.000 TNHP V- A Aurangabad- Raniganj 180.000 240.000 60.000 TNHP V- B Raniganj- Barakatha 240.000 320.000 81.570 GTRIP V -C Barakatha-Barwa-Adda (Dhanbad) 320.000 398.750 78.750 TNHP Total GTRIP 422.780 Source NHAI, 2000

1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Package VB falls within the state of Bihar, starting from km. 240.000 to km 320.000. This 80km long corr-idorpasses through the districts of Gaya and Hazaribagh. Sparingly inhabited area, rolling agricultural terrain, hilly protected forest area, deficient geometric alignments,uncontrolled ribbon development at four locations and severe pavement conditions are some of the characteristicsof this package stretch. Barhi isthe major settlementalong this corridor.

IMPROVEMENTPROPOSALS

The objectiveof the project is to widento 4 lanes,the existinghighway to meet the traffic needs for the next 20-30 years. It entailed detailed analysisof the present and future traffic, pavementand soil conditions, construction materials, cross-drainagestructures, economic justifications, and environmental/socialfeatures. As a guiding principle, the project avoided land acquisition, displacement of people and properties, and loss of roadside trees, as much as possible, and several variations in the configuration of the proposed development resulted from such considerations. The proposed improvementsinclude wideningto 4-lane carriagewaysby additionof a new 2-lane 7rn wide carriagewayfor the entire GTRIP stretch. There would be (raised) median divider for the entire stretch, generally of a width of 5m, but of lesser width (as low as 1.5m) in places where space is not available. There would also be 1.5m wide paved shoulders, and lm earthen shoulderson eitherside of the highway. The existingcross-drainage structures (major/minorbridges and culverts) on the highway will be repaired/ rehabilitated,including widening to standard width, if required. Additionally, new cross- drainage structures (mostly culverts) will be providedin areas of waterlogging,and wheneverthe existingones are inadequate. Keeping in view the safety requirements,geometric improvementswill be made to the horizontal and vertical profile of the highway,by straighteningof sub-standardcurves (minor realignments), and by providing proper transition and banking. To avoid the areas of congestion, and where adequate land is not available without displacing a large number of residential/commercial structures. bypasseswill be provided.To minimize adverseimpacts on various settlementsand to minimizeland/property acquisition, short bypassesand realignmentshave been proposed. A number of measures were incorporatedin the designto segregatethe slow and the fast moving traffic (so as to reduce the possibilityof accidents).Roadside drains will be provided for the entire stretch. includingcovered drains in the built-up areas. The project incorporateselaborate schemes for illumination,signage, and safety elements such as crash barriers and guide rails. A few ROBs and flyovers are also proposed. Adequate roadside facilities like truck-parking bays, rest areas, bus baysand bus sheltershave been proposed. The traffic volumes along the corridor are projectedto be 58,452 PCUs by 2015 AD, A divided four-lane carriageway with rigid pavement for main carriageway with shoulders and flexible pavementsfor service roads have been proposedfor Package V B of the project. The proposed improvementsplanned as part of the GTRIPare presentedin Table 2. Table 2: Proposed Improvements- PackageV B

Widening direction Length (km) Percentage North 27.201 33.4% Concentricor Transition 4.87 6.0% South 49.35 60.6% Urban Section 7.772 9.5% Total . 81.475 100.0% For about60% of the length of the road (49.35km),the road shall been widenedtowards south, for another 33% of the length (27.2km),the directionof wideningis towards north. Rest of the corridor length has been proposed to be widenedconcentrically, especially in semi-urbanareas, to reduce property acquisition. It also includes transrtionstretches while changing from north side widening to south side widening. At number of places along this package, the existing road alignment needed horizontal profile correction to bring the geometrics of proposed road alignment to NH

2 standards. In several places this has introduced unavoidableswings where temporary diversion roadwould be necessaryto keep the traffic throughduring construction. METHODOLOGYADOPTED

A number of inter-linkedstudies were carried out as part of the Project Preparationactivities. The main stages or the methodologyadopted coversthe following: * PreliminaryEnvironmental and Social Screening; * Documentationof BaselineConditions; * Assessmentof Potential Impacts; * CommunityConsultation; * Integrationof EnvironmentalAssessments in the DesignProcess; * Assessmentof Alternatives; * Mitigation& EnhancementMeasures; * EnvironmentalManagement Plans (EMPs); * Reviewof ElAs and the EMPs;and * Consolidationof EIA and EMPs

SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTALBENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT

Macro-Economic Benefits: The project is seen as a major generator of economic momentum, and will benefitthe economically backwardstates of UP, Bihar and Jharkhand in a significantway. The project is expected to remove the industrial development bottlenecks, bring the cost of transportationdown, and thereby benefit all sections of the society. The project will further open up the vast hinterlands of UP, Bihar and Jharkhand to the eastern gateway ports of Kolkata and Haldia. The investment in rigid pavement is expected to boost the cement industry, and further trickle down to the other sectorsof economy. The direct benefits accrue due to the reduction in the vehicle operating cost (VOC) and the savings in the value of time (VOT) of the road-users. Present value of the said direct benefts is estimatedat US$2170 million. The present value of the investmentsin the project is estimated at US$550 million. Given this investmentand the direct benefits,the net benefitof the project is estimatedat US$1620 million,at an economic internal rate of return of about 30%. If the indirect benefits(i.e., the benefitsaccruing due to growth of industrialisation,improvement of accessibility,particularly to the social and health infrastructure,etc.) were also measured,the net benefitof the projectwould be much higher. Accident Reduction Benefits: The existing highway stretches under GTRIP are known to have high rates of accidents.Most of the accidents now involve single vehicles, and the fatality among the pedestriansand the slow-movingtraffic is significantlyhigher. Due to the project, medians will segregatevehicles moving in the opposite directions,segregation of slow and fast moving traffic will occur by means of service roads in the built-up areas. Geometricdeficiencies will be improved. Pedestrian facilities,organised bus-bays,footpaths, guardrails, crash barriers and proper signage will be provided. Parking lay-byes, and ROBs will be provided. Twenty-nine lives will be saved every year, along with preventionof about 3,000 injuries.Over all, accident risks will be reduced by 68 percentover the whole stretch of GTRIP. Local Facilities: Passenger amenities like bus stops, passengersheds, underpasses,organised parking lots, lay byes and service lanes will be added. Common property resources and communityassets will be conserved(which otherwiseare decaying)and enhanced (detailed plans, designsand budgetaryallocation has been madefor about------such sites).

3 Employment Generation: Large employment opportunities(about half a million person-months, and fo- about 40,000 persons)will be directlycreated by the project. of which about 15 percentwill occur in PackageIIB. Improved Access to Amenities:This will include speedier access to employment, health and education centres, increased opportunity for economic activities,and reduction in transportation costsand enlarged market accessfor the agricultureand householdmanufacturing sectors. Environmental Benefits The Benefits Associated to the projectwill include: * Reductionof noise pollution due to increased road capacity and speedier traffic, lessenedcongestion, traffic segregation; e Directand significantreduction of overall fuel consumption. * BenefitsCreated (planned,designed and budgeted)by the projectwill include, * Increasedoverall safety levels and mitigationof existingaccident black-spots; * Reductionof air and noise pollution through better traffic managementschemes, by providing adequate designs for traffic separation, parking, ensuring smooth flow of traffic, etc.; * Creation of low-noise zones and noise shadows (particularly at education and health facilitiesnear the projectcorridor); * Reuse of industrialwaste materials such as bottom pond ash (genericallyknown as fly ash); * Better visual environment, by means of cleaning of the project site and the immediate vicinity of the existing heap of indiscriminatedumping of wastes and dirt; * Enhancement' of environmentally,ecologically and culturally important sites and common property resources; * Landscaping of the entire project corridor (over and above compensatory afforestation), • Improved local and roadside drainage; improving and augmenting waterwaysfor several cross-drains,rivulets and rivers, preservationof water bodies and water sources;and * Introduction of low-pollution construction techniques, scheduling, plants and machinery,etc. The EMPs and the RAPs prepared (for each of the contract packages) take care of all such potential impacts(which could not be avoidedduring the design/preparation).

PUBLIC PARTICIPATIONAND COMMUNITYCONSULTATION Public participationand community consultation has been taken up as an integral part of social and environmental assessment process of the Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project. The process carried out at various stages of the project preparation, public participation has been viewed as a continuous two way process, involving promotion of public understandingof the processes and mechanismsthrough which developmentalproblems and needs are investigated and solved. Objectives: Consultation was used as a tool to inform and educate stakeholders about the proposed action both before and after the development decisions were made. It assisted in identificationof the problems associatedwith the project as well as the needs of the population likely to be impacted.This participatoryprocess helped in reducingthe public resistanceto change and enabled the participationof the local people in the decision making process. The involvement of the various stakeholders ensured that the affected population and other stakeholders are informed, consulted and are allowed to participateat various stages of project preparation.The

Environmentalenhancements include EMP measurestaken at placesto improvethe quality or ambiencewhere there is no adverseeffect of the project,and is distinctfrom the mitigationmeasures.

4 process aimed at promoting public awarenessabout the proposed project especiallyamongst the potentially impacted communities/individuals including the entitlement framework and ResettlementAction Plan (RAP). The consultationprogramme has been conductedat several levels,such as: * Heads of the householdslikely to be impacted; * Membersof the householdslikely to be impacted; * Clusters of PAPs; . Villagers; * Village Panchayats: * Local voluntaryorganisations, and CBOs/NGOs; * Governmentagencies and departments; * Other project stakeholders,such as women, tribal and ethnic cornmunities,road user groups, health professionalsand others. Table 3 summarizesthe PublicConsultation Sessions that have been conductedin Package VB. Table 3: Public ConsultationSessions - PackageVB Type of Public Consultation Locations Number of Meetings Door to Door Personal Shergati Bhalua All Projectaffected villages Interview r a covered FLcus Group Discussions Chauparan,Barchatti, Bhalua ExpertConsultation (district) Stakeholders'Consultation Gaya 1 (district) Dist,ict Level Public Hearing Gaya

ISSUES RAISED BY PUBLICAND ADDRESSALOF THE ISSUES The focus of the communityconsultation sessions was in developingsolutions to the issuesraised. Resettlementand compensationwas a major issue in all the consultationsessions or the public meetings. Some of the concerns were applicable to the entire project area, whereas at certain locations there were specific issues raised. The environmental issues/concernsmade by local residents, focus groups and government officials have been summarized under the following heads: * Air and NoisePollution * Fauna and Flora * Traffic Congestion * RoadsideDrainage * Road Safety * Water bodies * Cultural Properties * RoadsideAmenities Public Consultationwill be organised in March 2001 to appraise the people about the final road design and how the local issues have been addressed by the project. The following plan for the continued participation of the various stakeholders, especially the project affected has been worked out to ensure time bound and effective achievementsof the implementationof the various EA measures proposed - * State Public Library at Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh; * District Public Library at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh; * State Public Library at Patna, Bihar; * District Public Library at Chandauli,Uttar Pradesh; . State Public Library at Ranchi, Jharkhand; * District Public Library at Mohania, Bihar; * District Public Library at Agra; Uttar Pradesh; * District Public Library at Bhabua, Bihar; * District Public Library at Firozabad,Uttar Pradesh; . District Public Library at Hazaribag,Jharkhand * District Public Library at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh;

MAJORISSUES The focus in GTRIP has been on the positive and negative impacts associated with the improvement/rehabilitationof the Project Corridor. The impacts on the various environmental components have been evaluated for both the construction and operation stages. Table 4 describesthe major issuesthat have beenidentified in PackageVB. Table 4: PotentialIssues In PackageVB

5 Issue Description Removalof road side A total of 3083 trees needto be removedto accommodatethe Ro'l. trees The corridor passesthrough ecologically sensitivearea, Gautam BuddhaWildlife Sanctuary (km. 242.000 - km. 260.000).As land take is absentalong the corridor in the sanctuary area and road shall be widened in the existing RoW, impact on flora is minimized.There are trees planted along roadside as part of a Social forestry programme. However,these trees are newly planted and have age not more than 9 years. Moreover,they are speciesof economic importanceand do not contributeto the speciesdiversity. Hence, no major impacts are envisaged. Flora and Fauna The corridor is in place for the past 400 years and has become a part of the forest ecology. The impacts likely on the fauna are only due to the increasein time requiredfor the animals to cross the road and the increasein impact on the animals in case of collision, with increase in speed of the vehicles plying on the road. Both the above cases are unlikely, as the animals are alreaclyusing the existing cross drainagestructures andthese have developedover the years as wild life corridors. Improvedaccess into the sanctuarywill increasethe threat to wild life due to illegal activities like poaching. The predictedconcentrations of SPM and NOx exceedthe values for sensitive High Air pollution areas by 2015 A.D in Gautam Buddhawildlife sanctuary.The only large settlement levels along the entire corridor is Barhi. The values for SPM and NOx will exceedthe limits for residentialarea in the vicinity of the proposed bypass in 2015A.D. Noise levels along the Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary betweenkm 242.000 and km. 260.000 are found to be abovethe standards for sensitiveareas. Very High nolse levels high noise levels (up to 83 dB(A)) are predictedfor km. 252.000 to km. 260.000. This correspondsto the steep rise in elevationin this section of the corridor. Small urban areas, Chauparan,Singhrawan, Barakata, Ansarnagar, Karaidpur, lDrainageand rlooding Barsot, Gungri and Kunhara khurd are facing drainage problems. Lrss of Cultural 36 cultural propertieswill be affected. properties Land acquisition 47.09 ha of productive agriculturalland needsto be acquired of the 60.70 ha requiredfor the project. Loss of Residential! 0.27 ha of residentialland, 0.46 ha of commercial land to be acquired. Commeroialland 10 families having their residencesand 13 families who have both residential+commercialproperties will be displaced(Title holders) Displaced families 14 families having their residences,12 families with commercial propertiesand 13 families who have both residential+commercialproperties will be displaced (Non- Title holders).

MITIGATION MEASURES Certain impacts have been actually avoided (or minimized) during project preparation. Examples of total avoidance include avoiding impacting water bodies and cultural assets by realignment or bypassing. Examples of minimizing impacts include minimizing felling of roadside tree plantation, minimizing land acquisition and impacts on people and properties. Such minimization has been possible by earmarking a corridor of impact (Col), and restricting all proposed project activity within such Col. Table 5 details out the Mitigation Measures that have been propAAosed in Package IVC of the Project Corridor. Table 5 - Mitigation Measures Proposed

Issue Mitigation Measures

Removalof road side Forestry clearance obtained; compensatoryafforestation i 2 saplings for each trees tree felled. Additional road plantationwill be carried out. A total of 19275trees will be planted with a total cost of Rs. 14.45 lacs.

7 Loss of prcductivetop 15 cm of topsoil will be preserved in all areas of cutting, stripping or borrowing. soil The preservedtopsoil will be used for redevelopmentof borrow Aareas, and any existing wasteland. It is expectedthat the redevelopmentof borrow areas will be done at an estimatedcost of Rs. 1.68 croresfrom which a portion will be assigned preservationof strippedsoil. Forest land acquisition With clearancefrom Forest Department, compensatoryafforestation will be done through the Forest Department

Garoagedumping A wall shall be constructedalong the stretch of the road beyond Agra at a cost of Rs. 50 lacs in the reserved forest where illegal dumping of the city's garbage is now taking place.

High noise levels The sensitive receptors of noise like schools and hospitals have been studied in detail and mitigation plans are preparedfor each of the selected sensitivereceptor. The mitigation includes provisionof new boundary walls or rising of the boundary wall to a height of 5 to 5.5 m dependingon the locationof the receptor.A total of 4 locations with 590 m long walls.

Drainaceand water Roadside drains; Urban drains at 8 locations; higher road level with formation logging about 1 m abovethe High Flood Level at an additional costs of Rs. 1.5 lacs

Accident prone areas * Provision of service roads with streetlights. * Provision of signboardsand speed breakers. . Safety Audit proposedto be carried out by May 2001 Impact on wild life . Provision of underpassat locations specified in the EMP . Provision for tree plantation along streams and rivers over which the NH-2 passes within the Gautam BuddhaWildlife Sanctuaryas directed by the DFO . Construction of water harvesting structures/check dams * Construction of water holes within the sanctuarY . Structures to prevent unauthorized access to NH-2 within sanctuaryarea . Additional Rs. 6.7 crores has beenassigned for the sanctuaryand for the Taj Trapezium Zone Impact on community Relocationof community facilities: 34 hand pumps and wells, 29 shrines. The total facilities cost for these is expectedto be nearly Rs. 24 lacs.

Lossto private properties

Impact on vulnerable All the affectedfamilies falling underthe vulnerable category including the BPL are going to be compensatedand/or assisted irrespectiveof their ownership status groups Additional assistanceto vulnerable groupswill be given.

ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT MEASURES PROPOSED

A description of the various management measures during the various stages of the project is provided in the following sections.

Pre-construction Stage During the pre-construction stage, the management measures required will include, the clearance of the RoW, transplantation of the candidate trees identified, the measures for protecting/replacing community resources such as hand pumps and other utilities likely to be impacted. Their

8 enhancementshall also be completed before construction actually starts so that the community can start usingthese while the constructionactivity begins. Construction Stage This will be the most crucial and active stage for the EnvironmentalManagement FPlan. In addition to the monitoringof the constructionactivity Aselfto ensure that the environmentis not impacted beyond permissible limits, the enhancement of cultural properties, miigation and enhancement rTieasLluesfor water bodies will go on simultaneouslyas the construction progresses.The major measuresare: * Proper siting of labour camps, construction equipment and plants E.g. Hot mix plants 500 m from settlements. . Provision for oil and grease traps and sedimentationbasins at areas where pollution from vehiclesis likely. E.g. Near vehiclestorage areas * Traffic safety plan to be implementedby contractorafter approvalof Engineer * Contractorto conform to all anti-malarialinstructions given to him by the Engineer. * No bore-wellor extractionof groundwaterwithout permission of UP GroundwaterBoard. * Constructionover and close to non-perennialstreams shall be undertakenin the dry season. * Constructionexpected to disrupt users and impacting communiy water bodies will be taken up after servingnotice on the local community. * Any dust generated will be cleared immediatelyby manual sweepingand removal of debris,or mechanicallyif required. * The road surfaces shall be hosedor wateredusing necessaryequipment, if reqUired.

OperationStage The operation stage will essentiallyentail monitoringactivity along the corridor. The monitoringfor pollutantsspecified in the MonitoringPlan will serve the two purposes. In additionto checkingthe efficacy of the protection/mitigation/enhancementmeasures implemented, this will help verify or refute the predictions made as a part of the impact assessment.Thus, it will complete a very importantfeedback loop for the NHAI.

The responsibilityfor implementation and supervision of EMPs are vested with four agencies, namely Contractors,NHAI, PIU and Engineers.The Contractorsherein mean the agency hired for execution of the construction works for the respective contract packages. NHAI would be the implementationagency at two levels one at Center referred as NHAI and the other at Package level named as PIU,in the EMP.

9 tW-olo-up Putftic Consultation Programme: Grandl Trunk Rowad >r,provementProjecr

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Annexure 7

Presentations for all the Packages in Vernacular (Hindi)

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IMPACT P0iifr

Selsitive Arel: T&mjTrapeziui 1Obs Extra Strip acquired for PlaBtatioas

PedestrialB safety 111(1 Uliderpasses Provitded iear SeIliBls, Provisioii ol 1'Prper

Acjilelnts Signage

Noiise poliluti Il Rold side Piiantatioum, Noi btorni sigisage, ProvisiOm oIf Noise Barriers

.\Ai Pol'lutioll Roadside Planitatiin

Agra Reserve Fo rest Access conitrol, Pihysical b:imrter to stop Garibage Duimiipinig, Oine side wideniisg to save trees, Animiial Uniderpass Provi ded

Tratlic Congestion Service Lanles Provihed, BypalssesProposed

Dra-inalge Desigii tor pr oper rouiii sitle drainage, Provisioin of'rtlea rge .)naiiiae.pits for iurhaia sirniuBis

1.:ck Lif l'arkinig Facilities Truck lPlarkiig amd lay byes Provided ,~~~~~~ . ;SIIlV--,.;t 4w19 m qt TI 1

/ 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.t

MITIGATION MEASURES SUGGESTED

Provision of Access near schools,, and animal underpass at Agra Reserved Forest

* / 'I RAILINC KPANTER SHUITER CAN , _ ~~~~~NOTOPEN__

eARRIER _

PROVISIONOF NEW BUS SHELTERS

New Bus Shelters r~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~ Af:FOOIk(. proposedat 6 - locations Improvement L in existingBus locations

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c, _ _ w~~~~~~~~~'OnO0A COVER- 210 0 F(,R INSPECIION ~ 1AB i M1

5->>. ='LL , *- . 0 CCAAIN M. o -ELEg ''6LL-_ . Ef - -B LAB

225 300 2 A> LI a LB~~~~~CC SLAB V- IC) (-) '3N W EVCP EIPE 2O1C0511W _ _ VE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RTCAL )?AINJ fELt L FfB NALLL E [L-t F*1 , - --- AGC9CAPAIE

FLAN _ Li I )Zr,O PCLAI2 1D11M(fTU VENT ,AL DRAIN WELL A) ACfIHE C4ITAl: I FO,R fRAINACE OF SJRFACE _ROSS SECTIONA-A RUNOFF N URBAN AREAS VERTICALDRAIN WELI FOR ORAINAGEOF SIJRFAE RUNOFFIN URBANAREAS

ROAD SIDE PLANTATION FOR AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION MITIGATION SECTION: T(,-3

Indigenous and - - 1 -c ---- Locally significant a ----- Species of Trees . - - I------Planted Along the ---- Project Corridor ------

Oin extra------strip of land----- to be ------acquired for plantation PLAN: Th',- Addressal of Project Induced Issues

Roadside Tree felling 2 trees to be planted for each tree cut

Land acquisition AS per NHAI act and Land Acquisition act

Resettlement R &R Policy and Entitlement Framework

Dust and Noise Pollution Regulatory and preventive during Construction measures made compulsory as a part of Contract.

ENHANCEMENT OF COMMUNITY RESOURCES IN PACKAGE I-A

* Enhancement of Community wells, Hand pumps and Ponds

* Enhancement of Cultural Properties

* Enhancement of Incidental spaces * Enhancement of Historical sites

* Landscaping of Junctions ENHANCEMENT OF COMMUNITY RESOURCES - WELLS AND HAND PUMPS

Total 59 Hand pumps Identified for Enhancement in Package I-A

BREiCKWORK

= 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~CEWNIOIAK(W10) kNO rFrs(owrr NrArHOTN - H3W Hf>W Si; rrHAIT BOLre X-

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E:,stmg Access Redefitwngaccess cf the cultura/ propelty

Enhancement Design for Temple near Etmadpur

SCA~LE

(I 15c 00 Enhancement Design for Dargah near Mohammadabad

_ _

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EnhancementDesign ~~~~~~~~~~~ for Area Along'. Rambagh... >

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Air Pollution Roadside Plantation

Traffic Congestion Service Lanes Provided, Bypass Proposed

Drainage Design for proper road side drainage, Provision of recharge pits for urban drains

Lack of Parking Facilities Truck Parking and lay byes Provided

Garbage dumping Proposal for development of borrow area as landfill site

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_ L _ Y B~~~~~~~~~~~~~L AVOIDANCE MEASURES PROPOSED TO REDUCE PROBABLE IMPACTS ON WILDLIFE o No Land Acquisitionwithin the Sanctuary o Minimaldisruption to flora, fauna, waterresources including aquatic life

3 No construction camps,hot mix plants,stock yards within the Sanctuary o Firewoodnot to be procuredfrom the Sanctuary o No materialfrom quarries,crushers,borrow areaswithin the Sanctuaryto be used- strictly prohibited o No use of water resources from the Sanctuary

MITIGATION MEASURES PROPOSED TO REDUCE PROBABLE IMPACTS ON WILDLIFE o Provision of underpasses 2 o Tree plantationalong streams and rivers (100mts.on both side! o Constructionof water harvestingstructures or check dams o Constructionof water holeswithin the sanctuary o Structuresto preventunauthorised access to N.H.2 within the Sanctuary- high barriers and check posts o Control of Noise Pollution _ ,0 0 o To regulate entry, provision of gates o Sign boards with information

10 MITIGATION MEASURES PROPOSED TO REDUCE PROBABLE IMPACTS ON WILDLIFE o Regular Patrolling 3 o A separate Manager- Environment for Package 5B. o Formation of Sanctuary Management Committee o Creation of a Sanctuary Management Fund - Rs 5 million o Additional Study Budget - Rs I million

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Enhancement of water- o bodies including community ponds,

through use of hard - and soft landscaping

16 292.3 0q9`i tR f\QId

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22 Follow-up Pub,ic Consultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

ocD

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\--- = Follow-up Puo/iCConsultation Programme: Grand Trunk Road Improvement Project

Annexure 8

Data Sheets for Each of the Follow-up Consultation Sessions

-- -- -~~~~~~~~~~~~ Lap Assocsp i',luliZic Consuli tation MetLinlg

District: AGRA Date: 20.3.2001 Tiiuie: 3.30 P.M.

Vciiue: Sabbaghir, Collcctratc, Al.r.n

Si9^. ' 7 Name I)CSigliotiOne A Phone NoJ Signature ; !No.. Dctt. K _Adidess -, t ) ( !,._~ ~ ~~~~~

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Public Consultationi Meeting

District: AGRA D)atc: 20.3.2001 Tinmc:3.30 P.M1.

Venue: Sabbaghar, Collect rate, Apra

Si. Name lDesign:atioiif PllonieNo.1 Signature . No. I , . 2)ejilt.I Address

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-23 . . '24 . 'L. PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING

Date ; 17f Marci, 200)

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