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The Early Visean (Carboniferous) Conodonts from the Saoura Valley, Algeria

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The Early Visean (Carboniferous) Conodonts from the Saoura Valley, Algeria Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 56 (2006), No.3, pp. 361-370 The early Visean (Carboniferous) conodonts from the Saoura Valley, Algeria TAMARA I. NEMYROVSKAl, MARIE-FRANCE PERRET-MIROUSE2 & MARCEL WEYANT3 1 Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,o. Gonchar Str., 55-b, 052054 Kiev, Ukraine. Email: [email protected];[email protected] 2 Universite Paul Saba tier, Laboratoire de Mecanismes et Transferts en Geologie, Equipe de geodynamique, 14Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France. E-mail: [email protected] 3 71 rue Alfred Hare!, Anisy, 14610 THAON, France. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: NEMYROVSKA, T.I., PERRET-MIROUSE, M.-F. & WEYANT, M. 2006. The early Visean (Carboniferous) cono­ donts from the Saoura Valley, Algeria. Acta Geologica Polonica, S6 (3), 361-370. Warszawa. The present study reports on conodonts from the El Hariga Formation (lower Visean) of the Saoura Valley, Algeria. This formation overlies the Hassi Sguilma Formation with the latest Tournaisian conodont assemblage with Scaliognathus anchoralis and it is overlain by the Mazzer Formation with the mid-Visean conodont fauna with Gnathodus bilineatus. The conodont assemblage of the El Hariga Formation contains the latest Tournaisian gnathodontids and the Visean Pseudognathodus and unornamented early Visean species of Lochriea. A new species, Lochriea saharae, a probable earliest representative of Lochriea is described. Its relationships to L. cracoviensis, L. commutata and Bispathodus stabilis are discussed. Keywords: Visean, Carboniferous, Conodonts, Saoura Valley, Algeria, Biostrati­ graphy, Taxonomy. INTRODUCTION posed the El Hariga Formation to belong to the lower, if not the lowest Visean. The aim of this paper is to present data on cono­ After the first reports on the Carboniferous donts from the El Hariga Formation of the Saoura conodonts of Lys & SERRE (1957) and REMACK­ Valley, Algerian Sahara, which was regarded as PETITOT (1960), large collections have been made early Visean in age on the basis of ammonoids from various areas located north of the Reguibat (PAREYN 1960-1961; LEMOSQUET & PAREYN 1985; Shield and the Hoggar, including the Bechar Basin. LEMOSQUET, CONRAD & MANGER 1985). The third The conodont succession of the Bechar Basin, from author of the present paper was not able to zone the Tournaisian through the early Moscovian, is the the Visean of the Saoura Valley by means of cono­ reference sequence for comparison with the faunas donts at that time (WEYANT 1985) but also sup- from other Saharan areas (WEYANT 1985). The El 362 TAMARA I. NEMYROVSKA & al. Hariga Formation of the Saoura Valley, which is which separates the dune-fields of the Grand located to the south of the Bechar Basin, contains Erg Occidental in the east from the very flat abundant and diverse conodont faunas, three levels Hamada du Guir-plateau stretching to the west with ammonoids, and corals and brachiopods in the (Text-fig. 1). uppermost beds of the formation. The Visean starts in the Saoura Valley with the EI Hariga Formation, which consists of a rather monotonous sequence of red and greenish shales GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND BIOSTRATI­ with very scarce intercalations of thin siltstone and GRAPHY limestone layers. Outcrops are visible over a limit­ ed area about 20 km long. The overall strike of the The study area is located to the north-west of rocks is NW-SE, and the dip ranges from 3 to SO Beni-Abbes on the west bank of Wadi Saoura, northeast. The thickness of the EI Hariga ~:::> : C: I' 'I Quarternary I!~~~f.l Carboni~erous ! .. Devonian / , I / , Fig. 1. Location of the investigated area on the simplified geological map of the Saoura Valley, Algeria CARBONIFEROUS CONODONTS FROM ALGERIA 363 Formation according to PAREYN (1961, p. 43) is up by the appearance of the earliest representatives to 750 m, but this may be an overestimate. of the Goniatites fauna with spiral striae. It con­ The conodont samples and the ammonoids tains Maxigoniatites saourensis PAREYN were not collected from the same outcrops but (Goniatites maxima saourensis PAREYN 1961) and, from outcrops situated relatively close to one according to KORN (personal communication, another. The individual limestone beds that were 2001), is mid-Visean or even earliest late Visean sampled for conodonts are difficult to follow later­ in age. ally, the outcrops being frequently interrupted and The El Hariga Formation is overlain by the hidden by constantly wandering alluvial deposits. basal crinoidal limestone beds of the Mazzer For the same reason there will always remain some Formation with Gnathodus bilineatus (ROUNDY) uncertainty concerning: 1) precise identification of and late Visean benthic organisms. SEMENOFF­ the beds from which ammonoids were collected by TIAN-CHANSKY & al. (1975) reported the lithostro­ PAREYN in the mid-1950s, and 2) whether they can tionid corals Siphonodendron gr. martini and S. gr. be correlated with any of those which yielded cono­ pauciradiale sp. A from the top of the El Hariga donts two decades later. Therefore the ammonoid Formation. LEGRAND-BLAIN (personal communi­ occurrences are not shown in Text-fig. 2. cation, 2003) found the spiriferid brachiopod The El Hariga Formation overlies the brown Frechella Jascicostata in the uppermost beds of the sandstones and quartzites and shales of the Hassi formation Sguilma Formation, the last thin carbonate layer of which contains the conodonts Scaliognathus anchoralis BRANSON & MEHL and Pseudopoly­ CONODONTS gnathus pinnatus VOGES of the latest Tournaisian. This age was supported by LEMOSQUET & MANGER, Fourteen conodont samples were taken from who noted that "the Hassi Formation is charac­ the limestone beds of the El Hariga Formation terised by the appearance of the goniatites (Text-fig. 2). Each sample was 1 to 1.5 kg. They Pericyclus and Merocanites along with the climax of yielded 916 conodont elements, an average 60-70 Muensteroceras" (LEMOSQUET & al. 1985). From elementslkg. the upper part of the Hassi Formation above the The platform elements outnumber the rami­ limestone bed with Scaliognathus anchoralis forms: 537 platform elements and 379 ramiforms PAREYN (1961) described a diverse Fascipericyclus­ were registered. Ammonellipsites zonal fauna (PAREYN'S SIb level) The conodont faunas from the El Hariga which indicates an earliest Visean age (RILEY, per­ Formation contain well preserved specimens of the sonal communication, 2001) genera Gnathodus, Pseudognathodus and Lochriea. The lower part of the El Hariga Formation As in the other Carboniferous sequences all over was assigned to the earliest Visean Pseudo­ the world, Gnathodus appears in the late gnathodus homopunctatus conodont Zone where­ Tournaisian in the Saoura Valley, and includes a as the upper part was considered as belonging to much larger number of species than Lochriea, and the Gnathodus bilineatus Zone (WEYANT 1985). Pseudognathodus, which started in the Visean. Within the El Hariga Formation PAREYN (1961) Gnathodus and Lochriea go through the Visean and distinguished three levels with ammonoids. The Serpukhovian and become extinct near the mid­ lower two levels (S2a and S2b) contain the Carboniferous boundary. The range of the BeyrichocerasBollandoceras zonal fauna (Meroca­ Pseudognathodus species is restricted here to the nites, Beyrichoceratoides and Muensteroceras, Visean. acme and subsequent disappearance of Mero­ The Gnathodus species dominate throughout canites, extinction of Muensteroceras, presence of the succession. Gnathodus semiglaber BISCHOFF, Nautellipsites) and are early Visean in age Gn. pseudosemiglaber THOMPSON & FELLOWS and (PAREYN 1961; LEMOSQUET, CONRAD & MANGER Gn. delicatus BRANSON & MEHL, known from the 1985; KORN, personal communication, 2000, and underlying Hassi Sguilma Formation (late RILEY, personal communication, 2001). The Tournaisian), occur in the El Hariga Formation. third ammonoid assemblage - S2c or the upper Gn. pseudosemiglaber is most abundant in the El part of the El Hariga Formation, is characterised Hariga Formation (108 specimens in 14 samples) 364 TAMARA I. NEMYROVSKA & al. but not as abundant as in the Hassi Sguilma er with M elements of Lochriea and Pa elements of Formation (1439 specimens in 4 samples). It over­ the new species of Lochriea - L. saharae sp. nov. laps On. bilineatus in the lowermost part of the Small numbers of Pa elements bearing morpho­ overlying Mazzer Formation (Text-fig. 2). On. logical features transitional between Bispathodus sta­ semiglaber and Pseudognathodus homopunctatus bilis (BRANSON & MEHL) and Lochriea cracoviensis (ZIEGLER) are common. Onathodus texanus (BELKA) and Bi. stabilis and L. saharae sp. nov., as ROUNDY was found rather rarely in the lowest well as Mestognathus beclananni BISCHOFF were also limestone beds of the EI Hariga Formation togeth- found. Abundant ramiform elements found in the EI C til (j) UJ :> a; a; ~ .2'" .!!! 0. til (IJ 0. 3191, 1168 (j) c: ::J :2: ~ '" • • 3017, 3753 ~ ::::: c::: .0 ui (j) (C) (j) .0 ~ ~ .2'" ~~~~ 3178, 0. () (IJ ~ 3014 :::. ~I (j) (IJ 3180, 3181 '0'" c::: ...j .S () (j) (C) ::::: .... .0 (j) :;:,; ",.0 E .2'" '" 3183 (IJ c::: :::..!l? .l!l (j) ~ (C) =ft-~~~ .2'" t5.9' .S .l!! .S .~ :----=------- .l!! .l!! ::::: () :::. tI:=' :::. .0 .2'" .~ ~ til (j) (IJ EO c: '" EO "ti () -=-=-=-=- :§ 8.g EO ~ :.::: (IJ ~ :::. 0 0. (j) (j) ~ () ~ ~ E ---- .l!! -<:: 32 OJ I-:::=-:::=-:::=-~ '" c::: c::: 0 .l!! 0, 0. ...j (C) (C) Ltl '" c::: 3010, 3011 :::. 32 Q (C) b EO '" 3009 EO 1(5 0 • -_-_-_-.c:c () c E
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