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ANNUAL REPORT to the BOARD of NATURAL RESOURCES and CONSERVATION

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ANNUAL REPORT to the BOARD of NATURAL RESOURCES and CONSERVATION Illinois State Geological Survey Annual Report May 1987-June 1988 Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION ANNUAL REPORT to the BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION May 1987 to June 1988 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/annualreportto8788illi CONTENTS HIGHLIGHTS 1 MINERAL RESOURCES 8 Illinois Mineral Industry In 1986 and 1987 8 Other Noteworthy Mineral Resource Developments 9 Coal 10 Coal Database Management 11 Coal Resources 13 Coal Characterization 13 Coal Cleaning: Physical and Microbial 15 Coal Cleaning: Chemical and Thermal 16 Coal Combustion 18 Liquids and Gases from Coal 20 Technical Support Services 21 Coal Technology Transfer and Information Services 22 Oil and Gas 22 Oil and Gas Program for Illinois 23 Oil and Gas Statistics 23 Oil and Gas Resources 25 Improved Oil Recovery Methods and Concepts 25 New Exploration Methods and Concepts 27 Hydrocarbon Generation and Migration Studies 28 Oil and Gas Database Management 30 Oil and Gas Technology Transfer and Information Services 30 Other Energy Sources 31 Coal Gas 31 Geothermal Energy 31 Industrial Minerals 31 Mineral Resource Assessments 31 Limestone and Dolomite Resources 33 Sand and Gravel Resources 34 Silica and Industrial Sand 34 Clay Mineralogy and Clay Resources 35 Fluorspar and Metal Resources 35 Beneficiation/Processing 36 Technology Transfer and Information Services 36 Special Projects 38 Mineral Economics 39 Market Research 39 Extraction Research 41 Technology Transfer and Information Services 41 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY RESEARCH AND SERVICE PROGRAMS 44 Environmental Studies and Assessment 44 Special Siting Studies-Superconducting Super Collider 45 SSC Technology Transfer and Information Services 47 Special Siting Studies-Argonne Photon Source 48 Environmental Impact Studies 49 Geology for Planning 50 County Regional Studies 50 Lake Michigan Coast and Basin Studies 50 Environmental Geochemistry 50 Coastal Erosion Studies 51 Framework Studies (Bathymetry and Lake-Bottom Morphology) 51 Lake History Studies 52 Process and Impact Studies 52 Synthesis and Mitigation Studies 54 Database Management 54 Technology Transfer and Information Services 54 Rivers and Backwater Lakes 56 Hydrogeologlc Investigations 57 Groundwater Resources 57 Groundwater Protection 59 Hydrogeologic Processes 61 Technology Transfer and Information Services 61 Waste Management 62 Hazardous Wastes 62 Low-Level Radioactive Wastes 64 Coal Wastes 65 Database Management 65 Technology Transfer and Information 66 Earth Hazards and Geotechnical Studies 66 Radon 66 Landslides 67 Illinois Mine Subsidence Research Program 67 Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Support Studies 69 Technology Transfer and Information Services 69 GENERAL AND BASIC RESEARCH 72 Crustal Studies 72 Deep Seismic Data 72 Global Geoscience Transects 72 Scientific Drilling 72 Borehole Logging 73 Basin Analysis 73 Framework Studies 73 Structural Geology and Tectonic History 73 Burial History Studies 73 Stratigraphy 73 Paleoenvironmental Studies 75 Synthesis 76 Geologic and Topographic Mapping and Remote Sensing 76 Geologic Mapping 76 Remote Sensing 77 Quaternary Investigations 78 Framework Studies 78 Quaternary Environments and Processes 79 Paleontology/Palynology Investigations 79 Paleontology Studies 79 Palynology Studies 82 Technology Transfer and Information Services 83 Geochemical Investigations 83 Shale Geochemistry 83 Biogeochemistry 84 Geotechnical Investigations 84 Bedrock Conditions 84 Mineraloglcal Investigations 84 Research Studies 84 XRD Laboratory Improvements for Mineral Analyses 85 Computer Research 85 Programming and Data Entry Research 85 Hardware/Software Evaluations 86 Computer Systems 86 Technology Transfer and Information Services 87 Scientific Support Services 87 Analytical Chemistry Services 87 Isotopic Geochemistry Services 88 Coal Analysis Laboratory Service 88 Sample Services 89 Database Enhancement 89 ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT SERVICES 92 Word-Processing Center 92 Business and Financial Services Unit 93 Human Resource Office 93 Public Relations and Information Unit 95 Public Relations 95 Information Office 96 Mail Room 97 Duplicating Services 97 Well Log Copy Service 98 National Cartographic Information Center 98 Publications, Graphics, and Photography Unit 99 Library/Map Room 104 Technical Design, Operations, and Maintenance 104 Electronics Shop 106 Automotive 106 Applied Research Lab Shop 106 Educational Extension 107 Geological Records Unit 108 Annual Acquisitions 108 Geological Samples Library 109 Samples Acquisition 110 Other Sample Collections 111 HONORS AND AWARDS 114 ACTIVITY MEASURES 116 FINANCIAL REPORT 119 1987 HIGHLIGHTS AND SUMMARY MINERAL RESOURCES • The estimated value of Illinois' mineral production is about $2.58 billion dollars for 1987, down by 3 percent from 1986. • Two new proposals to improve knowledge of the state's nonrenewable energy resources have been made to federal agencies. First is a proposal to the USGS for a pilot study in Illinois to develop and test methodology to determine the availability of coal resources under existing technological, environmental, and economic constraints. The second is a proposal to U.S. DOE for matching funds to characterize Illinois' oil reservoirs and help determine the potential for improved recovery of by-passed, mobile oil. Coal • A new series of maps showing all mined-out areas in 73 counties has been prepared. • Coal databases have been further expanded for stratigraphic information, petrographic data, chemical analyses, and bibliographic references. • In the Hornsby District, 12 billion tons of Herrin Coal have been identified; about 1 billion tons may contain less than 2.5 percent sulfur. • The Center for Research on Sulfur in Coal awarded the ISGS six new contracts amounting to just over $735,000 for research on coal desulfurization. The Coal Industry Committee funded another for about $80,000. In addition, two separate support projects for the CRSC, amounting to just over $45,000, were awarded to the ISGS. The total of $860,000 is evidence of solid endorsement of the ISGS desulfurization program. • Scale-up of the promising fine-coal cleaning process-aggregate flotation (AF)-was proposed and a pilot study at EPRI's Homer City facility was undertaken to test the method. • Research on microbial suppression of pyrite showed that suppressants extracted from supernatant liquids associated with bacterial activity, not the bacterial cells themselves, are responsible for suppressing pyrite. • Experiments on leaching of chlorine from coal using ammonium hydroxide solutions, ammonium acetate, and sodium hydroxide indicated that the chlorine is removed primarily through ion exchange processes that replace chloride with hydroxide or acetate ion complexes. Ammonium hydroxide solutions were found to be the most effective in chlorine removal. • The carbon monoxide/ethanol process, proven at the bench scale, is to be scaled up using a continuous flow unit (CFU); $1 million dollars was appropriated last year for this effort. Preliminary design work was completed for the CFU. At the bench scale, fuel-grade ethanol was also found to be effective-offering the potential for reducing costs of ethanol in the process. • An application for a patent on a one-step ethanol desulfurization process has been filed. • Alcohol-water mixtures used to hydrate lime by an ISGS technique resulted in hydrates with surface areas four to six times greater than those processed commercially. Such high surface areas should improve the efficiency of limes in used as SO z sorbents flue-gas desulfurization technologies. • Experiments on the production of premium liquids through mild gasification of coal have shown that lower treatment temperatures and shorter treatment times improve the quality of the oil liquids derived from coal but decrease the yield. ANNUAL REPORT MAY 1987 - JUNE 1988 i • Explosively shattered (ES) chars were found to burn at temperatures similar to or lower than some untreated Illinois bituminous coals. Further experimentation and work is needed to determine the practicality of using ES-produced chars. • The sale of computer-generated customized coal resource maps was initiated. Oil and Gas • Combining X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses, ISGS scientists noted abundant clay minerals in the pores of petroleum reservoir rocks which, if treated with HCI (a common stimulation practice), may produce a pore-clogging gel. An operator, using this information, subsequently modified his completion practice and doubled the production rate over that of a nearby well. Other analyses of subsurface cores have also shown that authigenic clays and varying types of cements need to be considered in developing well completion and stimulation procedures. • Illinois was selected by the U.S. Department of Energy as one of six states to negotiate a research agreement covering improved methods of oil and gas recovery and the U.S. DOE notified Governor Thompson of its intent to provide $250,000 in matching funds for this program. • A new exploration model for exploring Silurian reservoirs in Illinois was based on the control of paleovalleys on carbonate sediments deposited on the Maquoketa unconformity surface. • New exploration strategies for oil-bearing reefs have been described in a report on the distribution of Silurian pinnacle reefs in Illinois. • An exploration model was developed to help industry explore
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