Kentucky Real Estate Case Law Update: You Be the Judge!
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KENTUCKY REAL ESTATE CASE LAW UPDATE: YOU BE THE JUDGE! CLE Credit: 1.0 Thursday, June 13, 2019 10:50 – 11:50 a.m. Jones Galt House Hotel Louisville, Kentucky A NOTE CONCERNING THE PROGRAM MATERIALS The materials included in this Kentucky Bar Association Continuing Legal Education handbook are intended to provide current and accurate information about the subject matter covered. No representation or warranty is made concerning the application of the legal or other principles discussed by the instructors to any specific fact situation, nor is any prediction made concerning how any particular judge or jury will interpret or apply such principles. The proper interpretation or application of the principles discussed is a matter for the considered judgement pf the induvial legal practitioner. The faculty and staff of this Kentucky Bar Association CLE program disclaim liability therefore. Attorneys using these materials, or information otherwise conveyed during the program in dealing with a specific legal matter have a duty to research the original and current sources of authority. Printed by: Evolution Creative Solutions 7107 Shona Drive Cincinnati, Ohio 45237 Kentucky Bar Association TABLE OF CONTENTS The Presenter .................................................................................................................. i Kentucky Real Estate Case Law Update: You Be the Judge! .......................................................................................................... 1 Can a judgment creditor intervene into a foreclosure action to collect on a tort judgment following the judgment debtor’s death? .................................. 1 Does the sale of an LLC include the real estate? ................................................. 3 When does the lease renew and what is the term? .............................................. 5 When is wrongful removal of coal covered by a mining company’s insurance policy? ................................................................................................................. 7 Who owes the mortgage? .................................................................................... 9 Who can challenge the use allowed for land adjoining public roadways? ........... 11 Can compliance with federal grant statutes impact condemnation proceedings? ..................................................................................................... 13 When is a city liable for injuries sustained during a sporting event? ................... 15 THE PRESENTER Joshua R. Denton Frost Brown Todd, LLC 150 Third Avenue South, Suite 1900 Nashville, Tennessee 37201-2041 JOSHUA R. DENTON is a member of Frost Brown Todd, LLC, where he practices in the firm's Nashville office. Mr. Denton has spent nearly two decades litigating all types of business and real estate disputes, and has extensive experience handling land use and zoning matters. He has represented clients in jury and bench trials, appeals and before numerous zoning boards. Mr. Denton earned his law degree from the University of Kentucky College of Law, where he was an associate editor of the Kentucky Law Journal and the vice president of the Equine Law Society. He also graduated from the University of Kentucky with a B.A. in journalism and political science and served as co-editor-in-chief of The Kentuckian. Mr. Denton regularly speaks throughout Kentucky and Tennessee on a variety of topics, including real estate, zoning and land use planning, electronic discovery, social media, ethics and alternative dispute resolution. He is admitted to practice in all state and federal courts sitting in Kentucky, Tennessee and Indiana, the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit and the Federal Circuit, as well as the U.S. Supreme Court. Mr. Denton has served as Chair of the Board for the Nashville Conflict Resolution Center, which provides free and sliding-scale mediation to those in need in Davidson County, Tennessee. He also is a board member and vice president of the Heritage Foundation of Williamson County, Tennessee, a non-profit that has been promoting historic preservation in that area for more than half a century. i ii KENTUCKY REAL ESTATE CASE LAW UPDATE Joshua R. Denton I. CAN A JUDGMENT CREDITOR INTERVENE INTO A FORECLOSURE ACTION TO COLLECT ON A TORT JUDGMENT FOLLOWING THE JUDGMENT DEBTOR’S DEATH? Gregory v. Hardgrove, 562 S.W.3d 911 (Ky. 2018) • Steve Gregory obtained a tort judgment against Harold Hardgrove after Gregory was injured on Hardgrove’s property. • Hardgrove passed away the following year and died intestate. • Hardgrove’s estate included property valued at $310,000. • A trust company filed a foreclosure action seeking to collect balances due under the promissory notes secured by mortgages on the real property. • Gregory filed an intervening complaint to assert his tort judgment in the foreclosure action. • Gregory also named the decedent, Hardgrove, Hardgrove’s heirs and Hardgrove’s estate administrator in the complaint. NOTES: 1 2 II. DOES THE SALE OF AN LLC INCLUDE THE REAL ESTATE? Goodin v. Goodin, 2018 WL 6600229, No. 2017-CA-00839-MR (Ky. App. Dec. 14, 2018) (not reported in S.W.3d) • The Goodin brothers, Robert and Charles, owned and operated Lebanon Oak Flooring Company, LLC together. • After Charles Goodin died, his ownership in the company passed to his two children. • The remaining brother, Robert, offered to sell his ownership in the LLC to Charles’ estate for $3,800,000. The estate accepted Robert’s offer. • Following the sale, Robert claimed that the sale of his interest in the LLC did not include real estate buildings and fixtures used by the LLC. • The real estate buildings and fixtures had been owned by Robert and Charles individually, but were used exclusively by the LLC. • After the estate took control of the LLC, they refused to pay rent or compensation to Robert for use of the real estate. NOTES: 3 4 III. WHEN DOES THE LEASE RENEW AND WHAT IS THE TERM? Smithfield Farms, LLC v. Riverside Developers, LLC, 566 S.W.3d 566 (Ky. App. 2018) • In November 2011, Smithfield entered into a written contract with Riverside to lease Riverside’s land to grow soy beans. • The term was for a “one-year project” where Smithfield grew soybeans on Riverside’s land and the parties split the profits and expenses evenly. • The parties continued with the endeavor in 2012, 2013, and 2014, but did not sign a new lease. • In February 2015, the parties met to discuss the lease but did not reach any renewal agreement. Riverside then notified Smithfield that it had accepted another offer to lease the property starting in March 2015. • Smithfield claimed it was entitled to use the land until November 2015. • Riverside claimed it had rightfully terminated. • Litigation ensued. NOTES: 5 6 IV. WHEN IS WRONGFUL REMOVAL OF COAL COVERED BY A MINING COMPANY’S INSURANCE POLICY? American Mining Insurance Company v. Peters Farms, LLC, 557 S.W.3d 293 (Ky. 2018) • Ikerd Mining, LLC accidentally removed 19,012 tons of coal belonging to Peters Farms, LLC after a series of mistaken beliefs regarding Ikerd’s property rights. • Peters Farms then sued Ikerd’s insurer, American Mining Insurance Company, for Ikerd’s trespass and conversion of coal from its property. • American Mining’s policy provided coverage for accidents resulting in “property damage.” • American Mining disputed that the losses claimed by Peters were covered by the insurance policy. NOTES: 7 8 V. WHO OWES THE MORTGAGE? Wagner v. Wagner, 563 S.W.3d 99 (Ky. App. 2018) • Valerie and Kevin married in 1985 and divorced in 2008. • The parties had a settlement agreement whereby Kevin was to pay the mortgage on the marital home “until such time as Valerie decides to sell the property.” • Valerie listed the home for sale in 2011, but the home did not sell immediately. • In 2013, Kevin stopped making payments on the home, and it went into foreclosure. • Valerie claimed that, under the language of the settlement agreement, Kevin was required to make the mortgage payments until the home sold. • Kevin claimed that he was only required to make payments until Valerie listed the home for sale. • Litigation ensued. NOTES: 9 10 VI. WHO CAN CHALLENGE THE USE ALLOWED FOR LAND ADJOINING PUBLIC ROADWAYS? Scenic Kentucky, Inc. v. Commonwealth, 2018 WL 2277398, No. 2016-CA- 001052-MR (Ky. App. May 18, 2018) (not reported in S.W.3d) • Scenic Kentucky Inc. is a non-profit corporation with a mission to preserve, protect and enhance the scenic and aesthetic character of Kentucky’s communities and roadsides. • In 2015, the Kentucky legislature approved two statutes that allowed for the pruning and removal of trees along Kentucky roadsides to allow for electronic advertising devices. • Scenic Kentucky filed suit challenging the legality of the statutes claiming that the erection of the electronic devices in place of trees was distracting and interfered with its enjoyment of Kentucky’s greenery. NOTES: 11 12 VII. CAN COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL GRANT STATUTES IMPACT CONDEMNATION PROCEEDINGS? Kuchle Realty Company, LLC v. Commonwealth, 2018 WL 2449127, No. 2016- CA- 000828-MR (Ky. App. Jun. 1, 2018) • Kentucky’s Transportation Cabinet and Department of Highways sought to acquire a portion of property owned by Kuchle Realty Company, LLC to improve an intersection. • Kuchle filed an objection to the Commonwealth’s petition for condemnation, claiming that it failed to comply with federal and state laws, as well as the Transportation Cabinet’s policy manual, during the condemnation process. • Specifically,