BIH Chapter 02
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The Archaeology of the Abbeys and Priories of Leicestershire Pp.1-21
The Archaeology of the Abbeys and Priories of Leicestershire by Peter Liddle with Lorna O'Brien The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the present state of knowledge of the archaeology of the greater religious houses of Medieval Leicestershire. Secular colleges, hospitals, the military orders, friaries and alien cells are not included. Neither is the impact of the sites on the landscape through their creation of granges etc. covered (for this, see Courtney 1981). The documentary background is only covered in outline. For a fuller account see R A McKinley's article in the Victoria County History of Leicestershire (McKinley 1954). The earliest known monastic house was founded at Breedon in c.675AD within the ramparts of the Iron Age hill fort (Dornier 1977). Nothing is known of its buildings except for the magnificent carvings built into the later church. It seems certain that there were other similar communities at this time. Bringhurst seems likely, while sites producing a range of Middle/Late Anglo-Saxon objects at, for instance, Wymeswold and Melton Mowbray may well prove to be monastic (Liddle, forthcoming). I • • • WEST ~ y:;1rr~·-·····-~- · ~-----· 2>'()]('.r.lT 1. The plan ofBelvoir Priory (Nichols). Trans. Leicestershire Archaeol. and Hist. Soc., LXIX (1995) 2 r.====::-L __ --- -J\ II 1,-------1 r' II II II N ,,=================:~- --=~ :=----- --- -, II II 11 :: 11 11 11 II II 11 II II :!___________ II =='J -Ii-- I - - ,:==:: r.:==== : I : II .._ ... 1::i........ --~· 1 1 I ,1 I t 11 I 11 I 11 II 11 I 11 I 11 I 11__ JL _____ _ :i---------- ~L11 _________ _ '------------ KEY • Existing mansion Oc:=::i-===--=::::::::::a-===-- 20 40 m ::Postulated reconstruction 2. -
Cymmrodorion Vol 25.Indd
8 THE FAMILY OF L’ESTRANGE AND THE CONQUEST OF WALES1 The Rt Hon The Lord Crickhowell PC Abstract The L’Estrange family were important Marcher lords of Wales from the twelfth century to the Acts of Union in the sixteenth century. Originating in Brittany, the family made their home on the Welsh borders and were key landowners in Shropshire where they owned a number of castles including Knockin. This lecture looks at the service of several generations of the family to the English Crown in the thirteenth century, leading up to the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1282. With its practice of intermarriage with noble Welsh families, the dynasty of L’Estrange exemplifies the hybrid nature of Marcher society in the Middle Ages. Two points by way of introduction: the first to explain that what follows is taken from my book, The Rivers Join.2 This was a family history written for the family. It describes how two rivers joined when Ann and I married. Among the earliest tributaries traced are those of my Prichard and Thomas ancestors in Wales at about the time of the Norman Conquest; and on my wife’s side the river representing the L’Estranges, rising in Brittany, flowing first through Norfolk and then roaring through the Marches to Wales with destructive force. My second point is to make clear that I will not repeat all the acknowledgements made in the book, except to say that I owe a huge debt of gratitude to the late Winston Guthrie Jones QC, the author of the paper which provided much of the material for this lecture. -
Robert Dudley, 1St Earl of Leicester
Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, KG (24 June mours that he had arranged for his wife’s death continued 1532 or 1533[note 1] – 4 September 1588) was an English throughout his life, despite the coroner’s jury's verdict of nobleman and the favourite and close friend of Elizabeth accident. For 18 years he did not remarry for Queen Eliz- I from her first year on the throne until his death. The abeth’s sake and when he finally did, his new wife, Lettice Queen giving him reason to hope, he was a suitor for her Knollys, was permanently banished from court. This and hand for many years. the death of his only legitimate son and heir were heavy blows.[2] Shortly after the child’s death in 1584, a viru- Dudley’s youth was overshadowed by the downfall of his family in 1553 after his father, the Duke of Northumber- lent libel known as Leicester’s Commonwealth was circu- land, had unsuccessfully tried to establish Lady Jane Grey lating in England. It laid the foundation of a literary and historiographical tradition that often depicted the Earl as on the English throne. Robert Dudley was condemned to [3] death but was released in 1554 and took part in the Battle the Machiavellian “master courtier” and as a deplorable of St. Quentin under Philip II of Spain, which led to his figure around Elizabeth I. More recent research has led full rehabilitation. On Elizabeth I’s accession in Novem- to a reassessment of his place in Elizabethan government ber 1558, Dudley was appointed Master of the Horse. -
Magna-Carta-Timeline.Pdf
Date Event 6 February King John sails for La Rochelle to begin a military campaign against the French. 1214 Many of his barons refuse to accompany him, or send knights to serve in his army. June-July 1214 John’s barons from Poitou (France) desert his army. With his path blocked by the French Prince Louis, John is unable to join his allies in Flanders, and is forced to retreat to La Rochelle. 27 July 1214 King John’s allies, the Flemings, Germans and an English contingent led by the earl of Salisbury, are defeated by the French at the Battle of Bouvines (Northern France). October 1214 John returns to England following the failure of his military campaign in France that he had spent years planning. 4 March 1215 Facing baronial revolt, John declares his intention to go on crusade to the Holy Land. It is hoped that this will secure support from the Pope against his rebellious barons. 5 May 1215 The barons renounce their fealty (allegiance) to John, and name Robert fitz Walter as their leader. 17 May 1215 The city of London welcomes the rebel barons, dashing John’s hopes for a quick victory and end to the civil war. 10 June 1215 John meets the rebel leaders at Runnymede meadow by the River Thames near Staines. 15 June 1215 King John sets his seal to a draft of Magna Carta, thereby accepting its terms. 19 June 1215 The rebel barons formally make peace with King John, and renew their allegiance. 7 July 1215 The pope excommunicates the barons who have rebelled against their king. -
A Building Stone Atlas of Leicestershire
Strategic Stone Study A Building Stone Atlas of Leicestershire First published by English Heritage April 2012 Rebranded by Historic England December 2017 Introduction Leicestershire contains a wide range of distinctive building This is particularly true for the less common stone types. In stone lithologies and their areas of use show a close spatial some parts of the county showing considerable geological link to the underlying bedrock geology. variability, especially around Charnwood and in the north- west, a wide range of lithologies may be found in a single Charnwood Forest, located to the north-west of Leicester, building. Even the cobbles strewn across the land by the includes the county’s most dramatic scenery, with its rugged Pleistocene rivers and glaciers have occasionally been used tors, steep-sided valleys and scattered woodlands. The as wall facings and for paving, and frequently for infill and landscape is formed principally of ancient volcanic rocks, repair work. which include some of the oldest rocks found in England. To the west of Charnwood Forest, rocks of the Pennine Coal The county has few freestones, and has always relied on the Measures crop out around Ashby-de-la-Zouch, representing importation of such stone from adjacent counties (notably for the eastern edge of the Derbyshire-Leicestershire Coalfield. To use in the construction of its more prestigious buildings). Major the north-west of Charnwood lie the isolated outcrops of freestone quarries are found in neighbouring Derbyshire Breedon-on-the-Hill and Castle Donington, which are formed, (working Millstone Grit), Rutland and Lincolnshire (both respectively, of Carboniferous Limestone and Triassic working Lincolnshire Limestone), and in Northamptonshire (Bromsgrove) Sandstone. -
Biographical Appendix
Biographical Appendix The following women are mentioned in the text and notes. Abney- Hastings, Flora. 1854–1887. Daughter of 1st Baron Donington and Edith Rawdon- Hastings, Countess of Loudon. Married Henry FitzAlan Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, 1877. Acheson, Theodosia. 1882–1977. Daughter of 4th Earl of Gosford and Louisa Montagu (daughter of 7th Duke of Manchester and Luise von Alten). Married Hon. Alexander Cadogan, son of 5th Earl of Cadogan, 1912. Her scrapbook of country house visits is in the British Library, Add. 75295. Alten, Luise von. 1832–1911. Daughter of Karl von Alten. Married William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester, 1852. Secondly, married Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, 1892. Grandmother of Alexandra, Mary, and Theodosia Acheson. Annesley, Katherine. c. 1700–1736. Daughter of 3rd Earl of Anglesey and Catherine Darnley (illegitimate daughter of James II and Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester). Married William Phipps, 1718. Apsley, Isabella. Daughter of Sir Allen Apsley. Married Sir William Wentworth in the late seventeenth century. Arbuthnot, Caroline. b. c. 1802. Daughter of Rt. Hon. Charles Arbuthnot. Stepdaughter of Harriet Fane. She did not marry. Arbuthnot, Marcia. 1804–1878. Daughter of Rt. Hon. Charles Arbuthnot. Stepdaughter of Harriet Fane. Married William Cholmondeley, 3rd Marquess of Cholmondeley, 1825. Aston, Barbara. 1744–1786. Daughter and co- heir of 5th Lord Faston of Forfar. Married Hon. Henry Clifford, son of 3rd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, 1762. Bannister, Henrietta. d. 1796. Daughter of John Bannister. She married Rev. Hon. Brownlow North, son of 1st Earl of Guilford, 1771. Bassett, Anne. Daughter of Sir John Bassett and Honor Grenville. -
The Height of the Shaft, and in the Form of the Cross Upon the Apex Were Suggested
182 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY. the height of the shaft, and in the form of the cross upon the apex were suggested. Mr. Johnson also by way of explanation of his drawing contributed the following Paper upon TOWN CROSSES, which was, in his absence, read by Mr. North:— THE subject of "Town Crosses" is open to much enquiry. Without going very closely into the matter, I have found much to interest any one who takes pleasure in rambling amongst the relics of the past—not, however, so much from the erections themselves, as from the associations which are connected with them. They seem to divide themselves into three distinct heads or classes: Market Crosses, Memorial Crosses, and Town or Village Crosses. Of the antiquity of the first-named we have plenty of proof as far back as the thirteenth century, and I need only quote that in existence at Higham Ferrers, the capitals and mouldings of which are decidedly the work of that period. The form of the Market Cross is generally polygonal, with an open archway niche on two of its sides. The really good specimens to be found are few. More frequently, structures of a debased character, some sur mounted by a kind of dome, seem to have replaced the original ones. Evidently, the centre or the principal part of the town was used as the site of these erections, and some of the principal his torical events are connected with them. The illustrated descrip tions to be met with give but little idea of the style (there were no Le Keux or Jewitts in those early days) but the remains are curious, and from many of the occurrences which are depicted in manuscripts and other ancient works, being found in connection with the Town Crosses, it is clear that they were looked upon with a degree of importance, if not of veneration. -
The Pershore Flores Historiarum: an Unrecognised Chronicle from the Period of Reform and Rebellion in England, 1258–65*
English Historical Review Vol. CXXVII No. 529 doi:10.1093/ehr/ces311 © The Author [2012]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. The Pershore Flores Historiarum: An Unrecognised Chronicle from the Period of Reform and Rebellion in England, 1258–65* Historians of the period of reform and rebellion in England between 1258 and 1265 make extensive use of a chronicle called the Flores Historiarum.1 This is not surprising, because the Flores covers the revolution of 1258, the baronial regime of 1258–60, the king’s recovery of power in 1261, the civil war of 1263, the battle of Lewes in 1264, and the rule of Simon de Montfort down to his defeat and death at the battle of Evesham in 1265. In the earliest surviving text of the Flores, Downloaded from which belongs to Chetham’s Library in Manchester, the account of these revolutionary years is part of a longer section of the chronicle which begins in the year 1249. From that point, until the battle of Evesham in 1265, the text is unified, and distinguished from what comes before and after, by the way in which capital letters at the beginning of sections are http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/ decorated and, in particular, by the decoration given to the letter ‘A’ in the ‘Anno’ at the beginning of each year.2 The text is also unified, and set apart, by being written, save for a short section at the start, in the same thirteenth-century hand and having very much the appearance of a fair copy.3 Historians who have studied the chronicle have nearly all assumed that this part of the Flores was copied at St Albans Abbey from 4 the work of Matthew Paris and his continuator. -
The 5Th Earl of Leicester
Looking back at the Leicesters he Earls of Leicester have lived in SO MANY LEICESTERS! Holkham Hall since the middle of he earldom of Leicester was first Tcreated in 1107, but whenever an the 18th century. Thomas Coke, earl dies without a son to inherit the T title it lapses and can then be granted who built the hall and created the park, is to an entirely unrelated family. Over the starting point for this exhibition, which the centuries this happened three times before Thomas was created earl in illustrates succeeding generations as far as the 1744. Previous Earls of Leicester had 7th and present Earl of Leicester. included Simon de Montfort, champion of the barons against the crown in the Their story would not exist, however, without the 13th century, and Queen Elizabeth I’s century of family ambition that paved the way for favourite, Robert Dudley. Thomas Coke’s achievements. The Coke family has no connection with any of these earlier Earls of Leicester. fortune made in the law. Sir Edward Coke, Attorney homas Coke’s only son died before AGeneral and Chief Justice under Queen Elizabeth Thim so the peerage once again fell and James I, used his wealth to endow all his sons with into abeyance when he died in 1759. The hall and estate passed to his great-nephew, property. He bought one of three manors at Holkham in 1609 a commoner, who was always known as in order to bequeath it to his fourth son, John. ‘Coke of Norfolk’. In 1837, when he was 83, the title was re-created for him. -
Queen Elizabeth I's Pregnancy, Secret Marriage and Childbirth
Queen Elizabeth I’s Pregnancy, Secret Marriage and Childbirth Evidence concerning Queen Elizabeth I’s secret marriage to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and the Queen’s pregnancy and childbirth. Author: Peter Dawkins Queen Elizabeth I’s Pregnancy, Secret Marriage and Childbirth In November 1560 the Queen’s “looks” were quite consistent with a pregnant woman, and in December 1560, according to Mme D. von Kunow, a secret despatch among the Escurial Papers said that the Queen was expecting a child by Robert Dudley. In early 1561, it was reported that Elizabeth was bedridden with a mysterious illness that caused her body to swell. In addition, there were rumours that some private or formal betrothal had passed between the Queen and Robert Dudley.1 On 31 December 1560 Throckmorton, the English ambassador in Paris, wrote to Cecil, querying what to do “if her Majesty do so foully forget herself in her marriage as the bruit runneth here,” for the Spanish ambassador, who had just visited him, did “earnestly require me to tell him whether the Queen’s Majesty was not secretly married to Lord Robert; for, said he, I assure you, the Court is full of it, and the rumours of her doings be very strange in all courts and countries.” Throckmorton also wrote privately to the Queen and Dudley, saying that if the rumours were true, he would be unable to effect any successful diplomacy at the French Court or elsewhere. Cecil responded to him on 15 January 1561 with a warning: “I advise you not to meddle with the matters of this Court, otherwise than ye may be well advised from hence. -
King Edward I and Edward II, Battle and Eastern Sussex 1272-1327
King Edward I and Edward II, Battle and Eastern Sussex 1272-1327 Edward I, 1272–1307 by Unknown artist oil on panel, 1597-1618 22 7/8 in. x 17 3/4 in. (580 mm x 450 mm) uneven Purchased, 1974 NPG 4980(6) © National Portrait Gallery, London Edward I cannot have had particularly fond memories of eastern Sussex after his visit with his father during the 2nd Barons War before the Battle of Lewes (14 May 1264) and its aftermath (the 1st Barons War vs King John was 1215-7). They had entered Sussex from Kent on 2 May and their first experience was an affray on the Kent-Sussex border, after which a severe reprisal took place. Carpenter says, '315 archers were beheaded in the Weald in the parish of St Mary, Ticehurst, in the place called Flimwell in the presence of the king … ' After this Henry III and Prince Edward moved on to the Cistercian Robertsbridge Abbey, where they were ‘entertained’, but they demanded 500 marks (1 mark = 2/3 of one pound or 13s 4d [67p). Converted to a 2016 value one mark might be equal to £650 today) to be paid to Edward to spare the monks’ lives. The next day Abbot Reginald of Brecon and the brothers of the Benedictine Battle Abbey went out in procession to meet the king and give him a loyal welcome, but Henry was still angry and demanded 100 marks from the abbey as he said that some of its tenants had been at Ticehurst. Prince Edward demanded another 40 marks. -
The Other W.S., William Stanley, Sixth Earl of Derby
The Other W.S., William Stanley, Sixth Earl of Derby John Raithel n the following, I hope to provide a reasonable summary of the evidence I that I believe points to William Stan- ley, the sixth earl of Derby, as the author of the works generally attributed to Shake- speare. I do not intend, of course, to pre- sent all the material here, but do hope to give a reasonable history of the Derbyite conviction, and in so doing point to some of the sources, compilers, and interpreters of this information, and then bring it up to date with recent discoveries and publica- tions. Beginning with the referenced works, I believe the interested reader will find much to flesh-out the skeleton sketched here. There are good reasons for suspecting that the traditional assignation of the authorship of Shakespeare’s works is misplaced. These are based on statements made about the works at the time of their appearance, evidence concerning the traditional candidate, and inferences derived from the works themselves. There are also good reasons for suspecting the true author to be William Stanley, the sixth earl of Derby. Some of these, too, are based on statements made about the author of the works, and inferences derived from the works themselves. And some are based on evidence concerning William Stanley. None of the statements, evidence, or inferences is conclusive—for Stanley or anyone else—or there would be no controversy. The case for Derby is made by examining the available material and attempting to weight it appropriately, assigning, for example, less weight to inferences drawn from the plays by a Derbyite—where there must be a natural bias toward interpreting the evidence in support of Derby—and more weight to a contemporary’s comments about the author, or to modern research by a non-Derbyite scholar.