DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT FOR ROUGHSTONE DISTRICT TAMILNADU STATE

(Prepared as per Gazette Notification S.O.3611 (E) dated 25.07.2018 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change)

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Chapter Content Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District 3 3. General Profile of the District 3-7 4. Geology of District 7-12 5. Drainage of Irrigation pattern 12-13 6. Land Utilisation Pattern in the District: Forest, Agricultural, 13-14 Horticultural, Mining etc., 7. Surface Water and Ground Water scenario of the District 14-19 8. Climate and Rainfall of the District 19-21 9. Details of Mining Leases in the District 22-32 10. Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last three years 33 11. Details of Production of Minor Mineral in last three years 33 12. Mineral Map of the District 34 13. List of Letter of Intent (LOI) Holder in the District along with 35-36 its validity 14. Total Mineral Reserve available in the district 37 15. Quality/Grade of Mineral available in the district 38 16. Use of Mineral 38 17. Demand and supply of the Mineral in the last three years 38 18. Mining Leases marked on the map of the district 38 19. Details of the area of where there is a cluster of the mining 39 leases 20. Details of Eco-sensitive area 39 21. Impact on the environment due to Mining activity 39-41 22. Remedial measures to mitigate the impact of mining on the 41-43 environment 23. Reclamation of the mined out area 43 24. Risk assessment & Disaster Management Plan 43-44 25. Details of Occupational health issue in the District 45 26. Plantation and Green belt development in respect of leases 45 already granted in the district 27. Any other information 45

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1. Introduction

In pursuance to the Gazette Notification, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the Government of Notification No. S.O.3611 (E) dated 25.07.2018 laid procedure for preparation of District Survey Report of minor minerals other than sand mining or river bed mining. The main purpose of preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral resources and developing the mining activities along with other relevant data of the District.

2.0 Overview of Mining Activity

Minerals of Economic importance found in are mainly Limestone, Fireclay, Gypsum, Limekankar, varieties of black granites (Dimensional stones), Rough stone(aggregates) and gravel/earth. Mining activities based on these minerals are very less. However, numerous Rough Stone quarries are under operation for production of construction materials in , Vengalam, Kalpadi, Nattarmangalam, Naranamangalam, in the district. In addition to above, ‘Dimensional Stones’ (Black Granite) is also available in Neikuppai, V.Kalathur and villages. Limestone mines are located in the eastern part of the district during the Cretaceous formation. Limestone mines are located around Varagupadi, Olaipadi, Perali, Paravoi, Vayalapadi, Kalpadi and Azur villages. Fire clay mines are located mainly around Karai, Therani village, Alathur Taluk. Gypsum mines are not active at present. Only two mines (nonworking) areas have been visited during the study at Odiyam village, . A total of eleven black granite mines (working/non-working) were visited those are located around Neikuppai, Venbavur, V. Kalathur, Chittaly and Keelapuliyur villages.

The office of the Deputy Director, Department of Geology and Mining is functioning under the control of District Collector, Perambalur. The Deputy Director, Geology and Mining are assisting the District Collector in the mineral administration works

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3.0 General Profile of the District

Composite Perambalur District came in to existence after trifurcation of district with effect from 30.09.1995 as per G.O Ms.No 913 Revenue / (Y3) Department dated 30.09.1995. In the Government Orders, G.O (Ms)No. 656, Revenue Department, Dated. 29.12.2000 and G.O(Ms)No. 657, Revenue Department, Dated. 29.12.2000, the Government ordered Perambalur District to be bifurcated into two Districts, Perambalur District with headquarters at Perambalur and with headquarters at Ariyalur. Subsequently, in the Government orders G.O (Ms)No. 167, Revenue Department, Dated. 19.4.2002 and G.O (Ms)No. 168, Revenue Department Dated 19.4.2002, Government ordered that the above two districts be merged into one as Perambalur District with headquarters at Perambalur. In the Government Order G.O.(Ms)No.683 Revenue (RA1(1)) Department dated 19.11.2007, Government passed orders that Perambalur District be reorganised and bifurcated again into two districts Perambalur and Ariyalur, out of which Perambalur district with Headquarters at Perambalur consists of one Revenue Division of Perambalur and three Taluks of Perambalur, Kunnam and Veppanthattai.

With an geographical area of 1,757 sqkms, Perambalur district is centrally located in the State, 267 kms away from on the southern direction. The district lies between 10° 54" and 11° 30" degree northern latitude and 78° 40" and 79° 30"degree eastern longitude. The district is bounded on the north by and Salem districts, south and west by and east by Ariyalur district. It is an inland district without coastal line. The District has Vellar River in the North and it has well marked natural divisions. The Pachamalai hill situated on the North of Perambalur is the most important hill in the district. Perambalur District consists Four Taluks viz., Perambalur, Veppanthattai, Kunnam & Alathur comprising 152 Revenue Villages. The District has Four blocks viz. Perambalur, Veppanthattai, Alathur & Veppur comprising of 121 Village Panchayats. There are one Municipalities viz. PERAMBALUR

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Perambalur and four Town Panchayats viz. , Arumbavur, Kurumbalur, Labbaikudikadu.

At present, 31 nos. of limestone mines, 15 nos. of fire clay, 4 nos. of Gypsum, 11 nos. of Black Granite, and 33 nos. of Rough Stone quarries are in existence in Perambalur district.

Roughstone quarry in Padalur village

Fireclay Mines at Karai village

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3.1 Location

With an geographical area of 1,757 Sq.kms, Perambalur district is centrally located in the State, 267 kms away from Chennai on the southern direction. The district lies between 10° 54" and 11° 30" degree northern latitude and 78° 40" and 79° 30"degree eastern longitude. The district is bounded on the north by Cuddalore and Salem districts, south and west by Tiruchirappalli district and east by Ariyalur district. It is an inland district without coastal line. The District has Vellar River in the North and it has well marked natural divisions. The Pachamalai hill situated on the North of Perambalur is the most important hill in the district.

3.2 Area and Population

The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows that density of Perambalur district for 2011 is 389 people per sq. km. In 2001, Ariyalur district density was at 322 people per sq. km. Perambalur district administers 1,756 square kilometers of areas. Enumeration of key persons was also done by census officials in Perambalur District of . In 2011, Perambalur had population of 2,82,157 of which male and female were 2,83,066 and 5,65,223 respectively. In 2001 census, Perambalur had a population of 4,93,646 of which males were 2,46,141and remaining 2,47,505 were females. There is increase of 5.05 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Perambalur District recorded increase of 9.45 percent to its population compared to 1991.

3.3 Administrative set - up

Perambalur District consists one Revenue Division as Perambalur and four Taluks viz., Perambalur, Veppanthattai, Kunnam & Alathur comprising 152 Revenue villages. The District has four blocks viz. Perambalur, Veppanthattai, Alathur & Veppur comprising of 121 village Panchayats. There are one Municipalities viz. Perambalur and four Town Panchayats viz. Poolambadi, Arumbavur, Kurumbalur, Labbaikudikadu.

3.4 Agricultural Resources and Irrigation

Agriculture is the primary occupation of Perambalur district. Perambalur district is having 1,75,739 Ha of geographical area, of which 93,581 Ha is cropped 6 area. Perambalur district receives average annual rainfall of 861 mm. Maize and Cotton is the important crops of Perambalur district which accounts 80% of the total cultivated area. Perambalur district stands first in Maize and Cotton cultivation in TamilNadu. Being a rainfed district, Perambalur district produces an average of 4.0 lakh metric tons of food grains per year. Major horticulture crops cultivated in this district are fruits crops like , banana and acid lime, vegetables like tomato, brinjal, onion, gourds and tapioca, spices like chillies and turmeric and flowers like tuberose and chrysanthemum.

S.No Name of the Crop Area Prodn. Provty. 1 Fruits 711 11562 16.26 2 Vegetables 8782 124025 14.12 3 Plantation Crops 36 66 1.83 4 Spices & Condiments 1598 4229 2.65 5 Flowers 62 637 10.28 6 Medicinal & Aromatic Crops 78 1720 22.05

TOTAL 11267 142239 12.62

3.5 Trade and Commerce Internal trade of the district is developing on large scale. Rough stone, Jelly, M- Sand are produced in Perambalur district. These products are transported to the neighbouring district to cater the needs of construction industries. Market Committees are functioning in the district for the purchase and sale of cotton, paddy, onion, groundnut, corn and other edible oil products. The co-operative societies for milk are functioning at all parts of the district. One warehouse is present in the district for wholesale trading for onions.

4. Geology of the District

The north and western part of the district is mainly covered (> 80 %) with Archaean rocks and is mainly comprises of Hornblende Gneiss and Chaornockite and the eastern part is covered with cretaceous sediments . The rocks are distributed along the east-west tract in central Tamil Nadu confined between Bhavani – lineament in the north and Noyil – Cauvery lineament in the south (Subramanian and Selvan, 2001). Similar rocks are also known in the northwestern part of the state in district. The equivalents of Sakarsanahalli (Sargur) supracrustals are 7 described in Dimbam–Tattakarai areas of Kollegal – terrane (GSI, 1998).Though the Sathyamangalam Group of rocks are said to be exposed within the Bhavani gneiss in the E-W trending belt in central Tamil Nadu in parts of , Salem, , Perambalur and Tiruchirapalli districts.

Geological map with location of the Perambalur district. Peninsular Gneissic Complex– I A group of gneisses in the central part of Tamil Nadu show a roughly east-west trend and extend from Kerala in the west through parts of Coimbatore, , Salem, Namakkal, Tiruchirapalli and Perambalur districts, to the east coast. The typical exposures of this gneissic group are seen around the Bhavani town and hence these gneisses have been named as ‘Bhavani Group’ (GSI, 1998). The different constituents of Bhavani Group of gneisses are fissile and banded mica gneiss, quartzo-feldspathic gneiss, augen gneiss, hornblende gneiss, hornblende biotite gneiss, biotite gneiss, etc. They vary in composition and texture. While part of them may represent ‘Para’ and ‘ortho’ gneisses, part of them are their migmatic equivalents. Gopalakrishnan et al (1975), who coined the term Bhavani gneiss, considers that these gneisses are comparable to the Peninsular Gneisses of and these may be linked geologically and geographically.

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Though the Bhavani gneisses have been equated with the peninsular gneisses of Karnataka and kept stratigraphically in between the high-grade schists and greenstone belts, some ambiguity still exists. The distribution of the Bhavani gneisses along and in proximity to prominent shear zones, their interrelationship with charnockite and the limited geochronological data available indicate that gneisses may, in part or full, represent the retrograded/ migmatised part of charnockite. Some of the workers who mapped the Kollimalai charnockite and the gneisses in the Cauvery valley immediate to the south of Kollimalai and Pachamalai have considered the gneisses younger to the charnockites (Natarajan and Singanenjam, 1987).

Charnockite Group The Charnockite Group, comprising of charnockite, pyroxene granulite, banded magnetite quartzite and thin pink quartzo-feldspathic granulite are extensively developed in the north-eastern sector of the state and are well exposed in many prominent hill ranges such as – Chengleput, Javadi, Shevroy, Chitteri and Kalrayan. In central Tamil Nadu, Kollimalai and and Nilgiri hills in west central Tamil Nadu represent Charnockite Group of rocks. The pyroxene granulite of Charnockite Group are considered to represent mafic volcanics, the banded magnetite quartzite indicates a volcanic exhalative origin, while the pink granulite is interpreted to represent the associated acid volcanic (Gopalakrishnan et. al., 1976, Suganvanam et.al., 1978). In contrast to the essentially sedimentary parentage of the Khondalite Group, the Charnockite Group appears to be of igneous / volcanic parentage derivatives. Charnockite which occur in different provinces of Tamil Nadu are different not only in age and space but also in the geological milieu. The charnockites falling to the north of Bhavani shear zone and west of shear zone, (Dimbam-Talawadi and Tattakarai- Tamarakkarai areas) enclose linear bands of fuchsite quartzite, kyanite-sillimanite-garnet schist/gneiss, magnetite quartzite and meta ultramafics. These charnockites are considered to have been derived from the prograde metamorphism of the Peninsular gneiss and the associated Sargur type supracrustals of Dharwar craton (Srivastava and Kanishkan, 1977). This association is seen in the Nilgiri hills also.

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Marine Cretaceous Sediments The exposures of the marine Cretaceous formation are limited to detached outcropping patches, namely, , Tiruchchirappalli, Vriddachalam in Tamil Nadu and in the Union Territory of Puducherri. The areal extent of the Thanjavur exposure (Vredenberg 1910) is perhaps the smallest (exposures are only from well sections) and poorly known; and the one in the erstwhile Tiruchchirappalli district is the largest and best developed (70 km by 45 km). Marine Cretaceous rocks distributed in 1) Tiruchirapalli, 2) Vriddhachalam and 3) sub basins have been lithostratigraphically divided into different groups. In Tiruchirappalli sub basin these are divided into three groups viz. 1) Uttattur, 2) Trichinopoly and 3) Ariyalur .In the three sub-basins, these groups are variously classified into different formations lithostrartigraphically and are shown separately in the legend. The different formations in the three sub-basins are not mutually correlated. In the Tiruchirapalli sub-basin, the Uttattur Group is divisible into Lower Arogyapuram Formation(Albian), middle Maruvattur Formation (Late Albian) made up of limestone, mud and clay and Upper Karai Formation (Late Albian – early Turonian) consisting of gypseous clay and sandstone with lenses of limestone. The Maruvattur formation is also termed as Dalmiapuram formation (Sundaram et. al. 2001). The limestone is fossiliferous with abundant lamellibranchs, gastropods and lesser association of corals (Sastry et. Al, 1968) delineated the Uttatur Group into three zones viz., Scholenbachia inflate zone, Calycoceras newboldi zone and Mammites conciliatum zone based on the study of ammonites and suggested an age range from Albian to Lower Turonian. Lower and middle parts of Karai Formation contain rich Late Albian and Cenomanian fossils respectively (Sastry et al., 1968, Ayyasami 1990). Its upper beds contain ammonites of Early Turonian age. Venkatachalapathy and Ragothaman (1995) suggested Late Aptian or Early Albian to Late Turonian. Trichinopoly Group is divided into Kolakkanattam formation (Turonian) made up of sandstone and clay with shell limestone and calcareous limestone, overlain (late Turonian to Conacian) by Anaipadi foramation comprising shale, silt, limestone and sandstone with bands of calcareous grit. The famous 26 m long fossil tree in Sattanur village discovered by Dr. M.S. Krishnan in 1940 preserved in the lower beds of 10

Kolakkanattam formation and the giant ammonites preserved in Anaipadi formation are characteristic features of this group. The coquinite which is popularly known as Trichinopoly marble is light to dark grey and carries lamellibraches and gastropods of varied sizes in abundance; occasional ammonites are also found. Anaipadi formation is richly fossiliferous with plenty of molluscan fauna and ammonites, particularly Lewiceras and Eutrephoceras. One of the best fossil localities is the nala section east of Anaipadi village. The lower member of the Anaipadi formation more or less corresponds with Lewessiceras vaju zone and Kossmaticeras theobaldianum zone (dated upper Turonian) and Conacian by Sastry et al (1968)). The upper member contains a less diverse ammonite fauna, assigned to the Plaenticeras tamulicum zone and placed at Santonian.

AMMONITES CERETHIUM

BELEMNITES SATHANUR WOOD FOSSIL

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Ariyalur Group (Ka) rest over the Trichinopoly Group with an unconformity and is essentially made up of sandstone, limestone and shale. This group is divided into Sillakkudi (Santonian to Campanian) Kallankurichci (early Maastrichtion) and Kallamedu formations (Mid and late Maastrichtian) in the ascending order (Sundaram, 1976, 1977 and Sundaram and Rao, 1981, Sundaram e et. al. 2001). The Sillakudi sandstone is fossiliferous; giant sized inoceramus fossils are preserved besides ammonites like Hauericeras. Biostratigraphically the Sillakkudi Formation is recognised as Karapadites Karapadense Zone by Sastry et al (1972) and was assigned Campanian age. Fossils commonly noticed in Kallankurichi Formation are gryphea, inoceramus, pycnodonte and bryozoans. Ammonites (Hauericeras rembda) indicate a Maastrichtian age (Ayyasami 1990, Sastry et al 1968). In Kallamedu Formation, fossils (lamellibranches, rudistids, echinoids and bryozoans) are commonly found around Ottakkovil village. In the higher horizons, fossils are very rare. Dinosaurian remains are reported from the sandstone beds in the vicinity of Kallamedu village. Fossils ammonites and rudistids indicate Maestrichtian age (Ayyamsami 1990). Planktic foraminifera indicate a late Maastrichtian age. In this basin, the beds in general are subhorizontal to low dipping (5-15) towards ESE.

5. Drainage of Irrigation pattern The water sources in the district are ephemeral in nature. The area is studded with numerous tanks that serve as the source of drinking water and also their surplus feeds adjoining tanks. The drainage pattern is dentritic in sedimentary tract and dentritic to trellis in crystalline area. The Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University, Chennai has attempted to interpret the morphogentic features using landsat TM imageries of false colour composite (FCC) on 1: 2,50,000 scale for the old Tiruchchirappalli district and the data base generated was integrated with the salient data after a limited field check. The various geomorphic units revealed from the studies are structural hills buried pediments shallow pediments, dentritic plains, flood plains.

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The nine fold lands use classification for the district (2005-06) is given below.

Sl.No Classification Area ( in Hect.) 1 Forest Area 16999 2 Barren and uncultivable land 11388 3 Land put to non – agricultural uses 59341 4 Cultivable waste land 9299 5 Permanent pastures and other grazing 1446 land 6 Land under Misc.tree crops and groves, 20855 not indicated in net area shown 7 Current fallows 19969 8 Other fallow lands 18654 9 Net area shown 211186

6. Land Utilisation Pattern in the District: Forest, Agricultural, Horticultural, Mining etc., According to the village record data provided by the revenue authorities, the total geographical area of the district is 175736 hectares. Out of this, only89127 hectares (50.72%) were Net area sown. 26268 hectares (14.94%) were kept as fallow lands. The lands put to non-agricultural purposes occupy 26890(15.30 %) hectares. The cultivable wastelands of 2687 (1.53%) hectares can be brought in to agricultural uses by suitable measures. Details of land use pattern in Perambalur district.

Sl.No Categories Area in Hectares

Forests 16506.94 2 Area under Non- agricultural uses 26889.97 3 Barren and uncultivable land 2686.74 4 Permanent pastures and other grazing land 152.25 5 Land under Miscellaneous tree crops etc., 1290.69 6 Cultivable waste land 4930.03 7 Fallow lands and other than current fallows 10198.75 8 Current Fallows 16069.1 9 Net Area Sown(Rural) 89126.26 10 Total (Rural) 167850.73 11 Total Irrigated Land Area sown 24727.74 12 Total Un-irrigated Land Area sown 64398.52

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Landuse and Landcover Map of Perambalur District

7. Surface Water and Ground Water Scenario of the District

7.1 Hydrogeology

Geologically in Perabalur district, western part is covered by hard rocks, south east by cretaceous formation, thin fringe of Gondwana in south and north Alluvium

Hard Rock Formation

The western part of the district is covered by Granitic gneiss, Hornblends gneiss, harnockite with intrusions of Dolerite – dykes and pegmatites. These rocks are highly metamorphosed and have been subjected to very severed folding, crushing and faulting.

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Sedimentary formations

Nearly 75% of the area in this district is covered by sedimentary formations like the ancient upper thin fringe of Gondwana (underlined by hard rock), cretaceous, Tertiary and Recent alluvial deposits. The Upper Gondwana occurs as a thin fringe composing of clay sandstone underlain by the hard rock.

The cretaceous formation deposited under marine conditions. The sequence of cretaceous beds commences with Uttatur stage, Ariyalur stages and closed with Ninniyur stage. These beds consists of shales, clay, limetone, argillaceous limestone, coral limestones and shell limestones.

The Tertiary Miocene and Pliocene age formation is underlain by Cuddalore sand stoned. The formation consists of sand stones, gravelly sand, clays, lignite seam and pebble beds, marine regressions are indicated by intercalation of lignite beds.

The cretaceous formations stretch along the river coursed of Coleroon, Marudaiyar and Vellar. They are mainly composed of Alluvial deposits which are medium to coarse grained sediments and finer flood plain deposits. The Quaternary alluvium is underlain by the Archaen and also the Cretaceous formation in Kunnam Taluk.

Occurrence of Groundwater

Sedimentary Formation

River Alluvium, marine Limestone and Tertiary Formation are the main water bearing zones.

Alluvial formation

In the river alluvium groundwater occurs under water table condition. The maximum thickness is 37m and the average thickness of the aquifer is approximately 12m -15m. These formations are porous in Perambalur which have good water bearing zones.

Tertiary formation

Predominantly in the tertiary formations the groundwater occurs in semiconfined conditions and confined conditions with good ground water potentials.

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Cretaceous formation

Groundwater in the sandy clay lenses and fine sands underlain by white and black clay beds constitutes phreatic aquifer in the depth range 10m to 15m below ground level. Phreatic aquifer in the limestone is potential due to the presence of lime stone cavity.

Granitic Gneiss

Groundwater occurs under water table conditions in weathered, jointed and fractured formations. The pore space developed in the weathered mantle acts as shallow granular aquifers and forms the potentials water bearing and yielding zones. Water table is shallow in canal and tank irrigations regions and its is somewhat deeper in other regions.

Charnockite

Groundwater occurs under water table conditions but the intensity of weathering jointed and fractures formations. The pore space developed in the weathered mantle acts as shallow granular aquifers and forms the potentials water bearing and yielding zones. Water table is shallow and it is somewhat deeper in other regions.

Groundwater occurs under water table conditions but the intensity of weathering, joint, fracture and its development is much less when compared to gneissic formations. The groundwater potential is low, when compared with the gneissic formation.

i. Pre-monsoon water level:

The depth of water level during pre-monsoon (May2006) ranges from 1.10 to 8.55 m bgl. In major part of the district the depth to water level during pre-monsoon is in the range of >2 – 5 m bgl.

ii. Post-monsoon water level:

The depth of Water level during post-monsoon (Jan2007) ranges from 1.10 to 6.78 m bgl. Almost in entire district, depth to water level during post-monsoon is in the range of >2 – 5 m bgl, except some isolated patches.

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Long term Fluctuation (1998-2007) indicates rise in water levels is in the range of 0.0027 to 0.16 m/year. The fall in water level ranges between 0.05 and 0.07 m/year.

Aquifer Parameters:

More or less 75% of Perambalur district is covered by Sedimentary formations like upper Gondwana, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Alluvial Deposits. The thickness of aquifer in this district various form 15.00 to 35.00m BGL. In gneissic formations, deep weathering has developed and moderate weathering in Charnockite formations. The range of aquifer parameters for Alluvium, Tertiary, Cretaceous and Crystalline formations are furnished below.

Range of Aquifer Parameters

T K Yield of wells

m2/d m/d LPM Alluvium 225-1500 20-50 300-950 Sedimentary 90-190 15-30 300-550 Hard rock 35-130 5-20 80-210

Ground water level data Perambalur District for the period 1991-2016

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Status of Ground Water Development:

Ground water resources of the district has been estimated using GEC-97 methodology, jointly by Central Ground Water Board and State Ground and Surface Water Resources Data Centre, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. The four blocks in the district are

under over exploited category. The over exploited blocks are to be attended with suitable regulation and conservation measures.

command Total command

-

yrs.

S. S. No.

Remarks

development

development development

industrial water supply water industrial

Net G.Wavailability Net

Assessment Unit Block Unit Assessment

Name of Ground Water Water of Ground Name

Storage of ground water water of ground Storage

G.W availability for future future for G.W availability

and and and domestic Allocation for

Existing gross draft for all uses all for draft Existing gross

Command/ Non Command/

Existing gross draft for domestic domestic for draft Existing gross

Existing gross draft for irrigation for draft Existing gross

industrial requirement for next 25 next 25 for requirement industrial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Alathur Total 4484.74 4532.13 205.82 4737.95 213.83 261022 106 OE

2 Perambalur Total 5036.98 7460.97 220.04 7681.01 228.61 2652.60 152 OE

3 Veppanthattai Total 10201.77 15159.33 256.68 15416.01 266.67 5224.24 151 OE

4 Veppur Total 6198.40 6660.42 279.13 6939.55 289.99 7552.02 112 OE

Water conservation and artificial recharge:

Central Ground Water Board had prepared a master plan to augment groundwater potential by saturating the shallow aquifer taking into consideration the available unsaturated space during post monsoon and available uncommitted surplus run off. Subsequently, computations have been made for Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) for over exploited and critical blocks in the districts warranting immediate attention. Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University had prepared block wise maps demarcating potential zones for artificial recharge for the State of Tamil Nadu. Subsequently, State Government agencies have constructed artificial recharge

18 structures with their own fund or with fund from Central Government, dovetailing various government programmes.

Since 2009-10 to 2014-15 Government of India notified 66 water shed areas to protect soil and water conservation in Perambalur District. Under PMKST/IWMP, District Watershed Development Agency is doing construction of check dam, new pond, farm pond, renovation of pond and recharge soft for water harvesting and soil and water conservation. So far out of 66, 49 water shed works completed. Remaining 17 watershed going to be completed during May 2019. The scheme after implementation will prove to be beneficial to the irrigation sector. The available uncommitted surplus run off has to be recomputed, taking into consideration the quantum of recharge affected through existing irrigation dug wells also. The existing structures and uncommitted surplus flow should be considered for further planning of artificial recharge programme. On the basis of experimental studies, it has been found that de-silting of existing tanks followed by percolation pond with recharge wells, recharge shafts are economical. There is considerable scope for implementation of roof-top rainwater harvesting in the district. Recharge pits/shafts/trenches of suitable design are ideal structures for rainwater harvesting in such areas. Central Ground Water Board is also providing free technical guidance for implementation of roof top rainwater harvesting schemes.

8. Climate and Rainfall of the District

Climate:

The district receives the rainfall under the influence of both southwest and northeast monsoon. There is a gradual decrease in precipitation from northeast to southwest over the district. The normal rainfall for the period (1901-70) ranges from 843.5 to 1123.3 mm..

Rainfall:

Perambalur district experiences mostly hot weather althrough the year. The mean maximum actual temperature varies from month to month, the highest was recorded during May 2011 with 38.9degree Celsius. The district has a high mean temperature

19 and low degree of humidity. Even though the region does not have an extreme climate, the summer months are quite hot and the difference between maximum and minimum temperature is moderate. With little moisture during the early months of the year, the atmosphere is dry. The winter season is pleasant and enjoyable. By March, the Mercury acquires an uptrend and the temperature increase during the course of time. This trend of the barometer indicates the ushering of summer with its hot days. The hot season continue until the southwest monsoon sets in. With the effect of northeast monsoon during Oct-Dec, the district receives the highest rainfall.

The average rainfall in the district reported high compared to the State average. The average normal rainfall in the State during 2010-11 was 911.6mm, less than the average normal rainfall of Perambalur district (1019.4 mm) during the same period. In 2010-11, the district had received 815.4mm of actual rainfall. The precipitation level during northeast monsoon, southwest monsoon and remaining winter and hot weather periods account for 47%, 37% and 16% respectively. The table below gives the actual and normal rainfall (mm) in the district during the south-west, north-east monsoon, winter and hot weather seasons during 2009-10.

The actual and normal rainfall (mm) in the district. Seasons Actual Normal

SW Monsoon (Jun '09 - Sep '09) 210.4 349.6

NE Monsoon (Oct '09 - Dec '09) 435.3 449.6

Winter Season (Jan '10 - Feb '10) 32.5 34.5

Hot Season (Mar '10 - May '10) 82.0 120.6

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Rainfall data of the Perambalur district during 2012-2016.

YEAR 2012 2013 2014 2016

JAN R/F 0 0.8 0 0

%DEP -100 -94 -100 -100

FEB R/F 0 12.3 0.3 0

%DEP -100 48 -96 -100

MAR R/F 0 10.3 0 0

%DEP -100 -19 -100 -100

APR R/F 44 16.4 0 0

%DEP 43 -47 -100 -100

MAY R/F 34.4 33.9 182.7 168.5

%DEP -47 -48 179 158

JUN R/F 3.1 20.8 23.6 42.5

%DEP -90 -36 -28 30

JUL R/F 64.5 5.5 47.5 96.8

%DEP 28 -89 -6 92

AUG R/F 31.5 160 167 47.3

%DEP -62 95 104 -42

SEPT R/F 50.5 153.8 44.8 84.3

%DEP -60 22 -64 -33

OCT R/F 198.1 125.3 241.7 63.6

%DEP 4 -34 27 -67

NOV R/F 68.5 146.5 58.9 29.3

%DEP -56 -5 -62 -81

DEC R/F 3.5 40.3 45.3 34.3

%DEP -96 -58 -52 -64

21

9. Details of the mining leases in the District as per the following format:

Sl. Name Name of the Address & Contact Mining Lease Area of Period of Mining Period of Date of Status Cap Obtaine Locati Method No of the Lessee No. of Lessee Grant order No. Mining Lease (Initial) Mining Commence (Wor itiv d on of of Mining Mineral & Date Lease lease (1st ment of king / e / Enviro the (Opencast (Ha.) /2nd Mining Non- Non nmenta Minin /Undergro ….renewal) Operations Work - l g und) ing Cap clearan Lease /Tem itiv ce (Latitu p. e (Yes/N de& Work o), If Longit ing yes ude) for letter dispat No. ch with etc.,) date of grant of EC. From To From To 1 Rough Thiru.P.Mohanr S/o. Periyasamy, R.C.No.16/G& 1.00.0 22.03. 21.03.20 -- -- 22.03.2010 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone aj, 12, South Street, M/ 2010 2010 20 ing SEIAA 11o15’ Aranarai (P.O) dated - 59”N Perambalur. 05.03.2010 TN/F.N to o.4239/ 11o16’ 1(a)/EC 02”N .No.31 Long: 50/201 78o50’ 5 18”E Dated: to 11.03.2 78o50’ 016 24”E 2 Rough Thiru.S.Vijayak S/o.Swaminathan, Rc.No.28/G& 0.40.0 01.07. 30.06.20 -- -- 01.07.2010 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone umar, No.9A, New M/2010, dated 2010 20 ing SEIAA 11o09’ No.10, 19.03.2010 - 34”N Collector Office TN/F.N to Road, o.4637/ 11o09’

22

Candonment, 1(a)/EC 30”N Trichy-1 .No.28 Long: 62/201 78o50’ 5 38”E Dated: to 15.02.2 78o50’ 016 34”E 3 Rough Thiru.J.Vellaisa S/o. N.Jeyaraman RC.No.31/G& 1.00.0 16.07. 15.07.20 -- -- 16.07.2010 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone my, Krishnapuram M/ 2010, 2010 20 ing SEIAA 11o21’ Veppanthattai Dated - 06”N 19.03.2010 TN/F.N to o.4273/ 11o21’ 1(a)/EC 09”N .No.31 Long: 71/201 78o46’ 5 03”E Dated: to 11.03.2 78o46’ 016 11”E 4 Rough Thiru.A. 52 Sivankovil RC.No.146/G& 1.00.0 16.09. 15.09.20 -- -- 16.09.2010 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone Durairaj street M/2010, Dated 2010 20 ing SEIAA 11o16’ Post , 15.09.2010 - 27”N Perambalur Tk & TN/F.N to Dt o.4193/ 11o16’ 1(a)/EC 31”N .No.31 Long: 70/201 78o54’ 5 31”E Dated: to 11.03.2 78o54’ 016 36”E 5 Rough Thiru.P.Duraikri S/o.Pichaimuthu R.C.No.32/G& 1.00.0 17.09. 16.09.20 -- -- 17.09.2010 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone shna Sathanavai M/2010 2010 20 ing SEIAA 11o20’ Mettupalayam Dated - 42”N Veppanthattai Tk 19.03.2010 TN/F.N to o.4256/ 11o20’ 1(a)/EC 48”N

23

.No.36 Long: 09/201 78o45’ 6 59”E Dated: to 28.08.2 78o46’ 016 06”E 6 Rough Thiru.B.Suresh S/o.Palaraman RC.No.23/G& 1.00.0 12.07. 11.10.20 -- -- 12.07.2010 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone Eraiyur Post M/ 2010, Dated 2010 20 ing SEIAA 11o16’ Veppanthattai. 19.03.2010. - 22”N TN/F.N to o.4180/ 11o16’ 1(a)/EC 26”N .No.31 Long: 51/201 78o54’ 5 14”E Dated: to 11.03.2 78o54’ 016 20”E 7 Rough Thiru.M.K.Raje S/o Krishnasamy, RC.No.238/G& 1.00.0 18.02. 17.02.20 -- -- 18.02.2011 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone ndran, Indira Nagar, M/2010, 2011 21 ing SEIAA 11o16’ Elambalur Po., Dated - 43”N Perambalur. 14.01.2011 TN/F.N to o.4192/ 11o16’ 1(a)/EC 46”N .No.33 Long: 40/201 78o54’ 6 23”E Dated: to 15.07.2 78o54’ 016 27”E 8 Rough Thiru.P. S/o.Ponnusamy, 25/G&M/2010 1.00.0 18.05. 17.05.20 -- -- 18.05.2011 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone Senthilkumar 255/DA15,Ram Dated 2011 21 ing SEIAA 11o15’ Nagar, 19.03.2010 - 55.59” Perambalur. TN/F.N N to o.5277/ 11o15’ 1(a)/EC 57.35” .No.36 N

24

07/201 Long: 6 78o51’ Dated: 10.56” 24.08.2 E to 016 78o51’ 17.17” E 9 Rough Thiru.V.Panneer S/o.Veerasamy, Rc.No.164/G& 1.00.0 31.05. 30.05.20 -- -- 31.05.2011 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone selvam, South Street, M/ 10 2011 21 ing SEIAA 11o06’ Thennamanadu dated - 55.90” Post, 14.09.2010 TN/F.N N Orathanadu Taluk, o.4320/ Long: Thanjauoor 1(a)/EC 78o50’ District. .No.31 31.4”E 03/201 5 Dated: 02.03.2 016 10 Rough Thiru.V.Palaniy S/o.Velayutham RC.No.162/G& 0.60.0 16.12. 15.12.20 -- -- 16.12.2010 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone andi Ranjankudi M/ 2010, 2010 20 ing DEIAA 11o18’ Veppanthattai Tk Dated -PBLR/ 54.30” 24.11.2010. F.No.2 N 22/3(b) Long: /EC.No 78o57’ .8/2017 36.4”E Dated: 28.12.2 017 11 Rough Thiru.V.Palaniy S/o.Velayutham RC.No.163/G& 0.40.0 16.12. 15.12.20 -- -- 16.12.2010 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone andi Ranjankudi M/ 2010, 2010 20 ing DEIAA 11o18’ Veppanthattai Tk Dated -PBLR/ 54.30” 24.11.2010 F.No.2 N 22/3(a)/ Long: EC.No. 78o57’ 7/2017 36.4”E Dated:

25

28.12.2 017 12 Rough Thiru.P.Kalaisel S/o.Ponnusamy, Rc.no.730/2008 1.00.0 25.10. 24.10.20 -- -- 25.10.2017 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone van, 15, Vinayagar /G&M 2017 21 ing DEIAA 11o17’ Street, dated.04.10.201 -PBLR/ 30.82” , 7 F.No.2 N to Trichy District. 22/2(c)/ 11o17’ EC.No. 34.89” 3/2017 NLong Dated: : 06.09.2 78o49’ 017 15.74” E to 78o49’ 21.03” E 13 Rough Tmt.Kalaiselvi W/o.Thiru.K.Nallat Rc.no.240/2011 1.00.0 24.01. 23.01.20 -- -- 24.01.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone hambi, /G&M 2018 21 ing DEIAA 11o13’ Kalpadi(North) dated.27.11.201 -PBLR/ 25.55” Village, 7 F.No.2 N to Perambalur Tk & 22/2(a)/ 11o13’ Dt. EC.No. 30.11” 1/2017 NLong Dated: : 06.09.2 78o54’ 017 49.25” E to 78o54’ 52.98” E 14 Rough Tmt.S.Dhanalak W/o.Swaminathan, Rc.no.230/2017 3.26.0 18.06. 17.06.20 -- -- 18.06.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone shmi No.10, Collector /G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o09’ Office Road, dated.23.05.201 -PBLR/ 27.16” Tiruchirappalli- 8 F.No.2 N to 620001 22/4(b) 11o09’ /EC.No 39.07” .2/2018 NLong

26

Dated: : 28.03.2 78o50’ 018 33.74” E to 78o50’ 39.68” E 15 Rough Thiru.V.Kamala S/o. Thiru. Rc.no.232/2017 1.20.0 18.06. 17.06.20 -- -- 18.06.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone sekar Venkatachalam, /G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o09’ 3/48, dated.23.05.201 -PBLR/ 28.27” Maniyankuruchi 8 F.No.2 N to road, Padalur Post, 22/4(d) 11o09’ Alathur Taluk, /EC.No 34.53” Perambalur District .4/2018 NLong Dated: : 28.03.2 78o50’ 018 42.84” E to 78o50’ 45.90” E 16 Rough Thiru.N.Nataraj S/o.Thiru.Narayana Rc.no.231/2017 1.20.0 18.06. 17.06.20 -- -- 18.06.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone an samy, 93F/3AB/2, /G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o09’ Venkatesapuram, dated.23.05.201 -PBLR/ 28.16” Perambalur – 8 F.No.2 N to 621212 22/4(c)/ 11o09’ EC.No. 34.53” 3/2018 NLong Dated: : 28.03.2 78o50’ 018 40.38” E to 78o50’ 43.20” E 17 Rough Thiru.C.Gowtha S/o.Thiru. Rc.no.234/2017 2.35.5 25.06. 24.06.20 -- -- 25.06.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone m, Chinnasamy, /G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o08’

27

8F Collector Office dated.23.05.201 -PBLR/ 3.35”N Road, 8 F.No.2 Long: Burma Colony, 22/4(e)/ 78o49’ Trichy -620 001 EC.No. 37.69” 5/2018 E Dated: 28.03.2 018 18 Rough Thiru.I.Boomin S/o.Thiru.S.Ilavara Rc.no.235/2017 2.00.0 25.06. 24.06.20 -- -- 25.06.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone athan san, /G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o08’ Malaiyadivaram, dated.23.05.201 -PBLR/ 0.14”N Chettikulam(P.o), 8 F.No.2 Long: Alathur(Tk), 22/4(f)/ 78o49’ Perambalur District EC.No. 33.15” 6/2018 E Dated: 28.03.2 018 19 Rough Thiru.D.Madhu S/o.Duraisamy, Rc.No.11/G& 1.00.0 28.11. 27.11.20 -- -- 28.11.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone balan, No.2/29, M/2010 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o13’ Mariyamman Koil dated:28.11.201 -PBLR/ 13.18” Street, 8 F.No.2 N Kai.Kalathur Post, 22/5(d) Long: Veppanthattai /EC.No 78o54’ Taluk, .4/2018 55.52” Perambalur Dated: E District-621 117 23.07.2 018 20 Rough Thiru.R.Abdulra S/o.Rajamohamad, R.C.No.17/G& 1.00.0 25.05. 24.05.20 -- -- 25.05.2010 Non- -- Opencast Stone human 47E, M/ 2010 2010 20 Work Vengatesapuram, dated ing Perambalur- Tk & 19.03.2010 Dt. 21 Rough Thiru.K.Raja K.Raja, R.C.No.13/G& 1.00.0 14.07. 23.07.20 -- -- 14.07.2010 Non- -- Opencast Stone S/o. Krshnasamy, M/ 2010 2010 20 Work 196F/5B New dated ing Vengatesapuram, 19.03.2010

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Perambalur. 22 Rough Thiru.R.Vijayak R.Vijayakumar, R.C.No.12/G& 1.00.0 14.07. 23.07.20 -- -- 14.07.2010 Non- -- Opencast Stone umar S/o.Raja, M/ 2010 2010 20 Work 106F/5B, dated ing New 19.03.2010 Vengatesapuram , Perambalur. 23 Rough Thiru.P.Krishna P.Krishnan, RC.No.756/ 0.26.0 23.08. 22.08.20 -- -- 23.08.2010 Non- -- Opencast Stone n S/o Periyasamy, 2008 2010 20 Work Chinnaru, 36- Dated ing Eraiyur, 04.07.2008 Veppanthattai Tk. Perambalur-Dt. 24 Rough Thiru.G.Nataraj G.Natarajan, Rc.No.19/G& 1.00.0 13.07. 12.10.20 -- -- 13.07.2010 Non- -- Opencast Stone an S/o.Govindasamy, M/ 2010, 2010 20 Work No.116,South Dated ing Street, Anukur 19.03.2010. Post, Veppanthattai T.k, D.t. 25 Rough Thiru.K.Senthil K.Senthilkumar, RC.No.18/G& 1.00.0 13.07. 12.10.20 -- -- 13.07.2010 Non- -- Opencast Stone kumar S/o.Kannusamy, M/ 2010, 2010 20 Work Ramaraj Nagar, Dated ing Kaikalathur- P.O, 19.03.2010 Veppanthattai T.k, Perambalur District. 26 Rough Thiru.V.Jagadee V.Jagadeesan RC.No.33/G& 1.00.0 25.10. 24.10.20 -- -- 25.10.2010 Non- -- Opencast Stone san S/o.Veerasamy M/2010, Dated 2010 20 Work Neikuppai 19.03.2010 ing Veppanthattai Tk Perambalur Dt 27 Rough Thiru.P.R.S.Sar P.R.S.Saravanaraj, Rc.No.15/G& 1.00.0 27.11. 26.11.20 -- -- 27.11.2010 Non- -- Opencast Stone avanaraj S/o.Rangan, M/ 2010 2010 20 Work Door.No.14, dated ing Kamaraj Street, 19.03.2010 , Chennai –

29

75 28 Rough Thiru.Balunagar Thiru.Balunagaraj, R.C.No.236/G 1.00.0 10.02. 09.02.20 -- -- 10.02.2011 Non- -- Opencast Stone aj S/o.Nagaraj, &M/2010 dated 2011 21 Work K.Eriyur Road, 01.02.2011 ing Perali Village, & District. 29 Rough Thiru.T. Mohan T. Mohan, Rc.No.24/G& 1.00.0 19.05. 18.05.20 -- -- 19.05.2011 Non- -- Opencast Stone S/o.Thangam, M/2010 2011 21 Work C/o.Duraisamy, Dated ing Vadakkumadhavi 19.03.2010 Road, Perambalur Taluk & Dt. 30 Rough Thiru.P.Sivaku P.Sivakumar, Rc.No.237/G& 1.00.0 31.05. 30.05.20 -- -- 31.05.2011 Non- -- Opencast Stone mar S/o.Ponnusamy, M/2010 dated 2011 21 Work No.5A/79F, 17.05.2011 ing H3.N2, Elambalur Road, Perambalur. 31 Rough Thiru.P.A.Paran Thiru.P.A.Parantha Rc.No.237/G& 1.51.5 28.11. 27.11.20 -- -- 28.11.2018 Non- -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone thaman man, M/2017 dated 2018 23 Work DEIAA 11o07’ S/o.R.Panneerselva 15.06.2018 ing -PBLR/ 13.55” m, 11, Nadu F.No.2 N Udayar Street, 22/4(g) Long: Melakalkandar /EC.No 78o47’ Kottai, Trichy-620 .7/2018 29.10” 011 Dated: E 28.03.2 018 32 Rough Tmt.B.Karpaga B.Karpagam, Rc.no.6/2017/G 1.45.0 24.01. 23.01.20 -- -- 24.01.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone m W/o.Baskaran, &M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o07’ Thiruvalakuruchi, dated.11.01.201 -PBLR/ 3.58”N Padalur (East) 8 F.No.2 Long: Village, 22/3(c)/ 78o50’ Alathur Taluk, EC.No. 20.38” Perambalur 9/2017 E District. Dated:

30

28.12.2 017 33 Rough Thiru.M.Baskar M.Baskaran, Rc.no.54/2016/ 2.00.0 24.01. 23.01.20 -- -- 24.01.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone an S/o.MuthuRediyar G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o07’ , dated.11.01.201 -PBLR/ 1.8251 Thiruvalakuruchi, 8 F.No.2 ”N Padalur (East) 22/3(d) Long: Village, /EC.No 78o50’ Alathur Taluk, .10/201 23.198 Perambalur 7 5”E District. Dated: 28.12.2 017 34 Rough Thiru.P.A.Paran Thiru.P.A.Parantha Rc.No.55/2016/ 3.68.0 24.01. 23.01.20 -- -- 24.01.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone thaman man, G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o07’ S/o.R.Panneerselva dt.24.01.2018 -PBLR/ 47.80” m, 11, Nadu F.No.2 N Udayar Street, 22/2(e)/ Long: Melakalkandar EC.No. 78o48’ Kottai, Trichy-620 5/2017 48.52” 011 Dated: E 06.09.2 017 35 Rough Thiru.P.A.Paran Thiru.P.A.Parantha Rc.No.41/2016/ 3.24.0 24.01. 23.01.20 -- -- 24.01.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone thaman man, G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o07’ S/o.R.Panneerselva dt.24.01.2018 -PBLR/ 7.2457 m, 11, Nadu F.No.2 ”N Udayar Street, 22/2(d) Long: Melakalkandar /EC.No 78o47’ Kottai, Trichy-620 .4/2017 26.684 011 Dated: 0”E 06.09.2 017 36 Rough Thiru.P.S.Jayara Thiru.P.S.Jayarama Rc.No.187/201 2.10.5 28.11. 27.11.20 -- -- 28.11.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone man n, 7/G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o06’ S/o.Sivasamy, dt.17.10.2018 -PBLR/ 09.18” No.32, periyar F.No.2 N to

31

nagar, 1st street, 22/6(f)/ 11o06’ Ariyalur District. EC.No. 14.17” 5/2018 N Dated: Long: 15.09.2 78o51’ 018 21.92” E to 78o51’ 27.68” E 37 Rough Thiru.A.T.Natar Thiru.A.T.Nataraja Rc.No.74/2016/ 1.34.0 28.11. 27.11.20 -- -- 28.11.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone ajan n, G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o06’ S/o.Thiruvanaigov dt.17.10.2018 -PBLR/ 39.32” undar, F.No.2 N to Irur Village, 22/6(d) 11o06’ Alathur Taluk, /EC.No 43.62” Perambalur .3/2018 N District. Dated: Long: 15.09.2 78o50’ 018 15.39” E to 78o50’ 19.58” E 38 Rough Thiru.N.Maham N.Mahamurthy, R.C.No.76/201 2.95.5 28.11. 27.11.20 -- -- 28.11.2018 Work -- Lr.No. Lat: Opencast Stone urthy S/o.Thiru 6/G&M 2018 23 ing DEIAA 11o05’ Narayanasamy, dated:17.10.201 -PBLR/ 46.76” Door No.1/166, 8 F.No.2 N to Middle Street, 22/6(e)/ 11o05’ Kanakiliya Nallur EC.No. 55.32” Post, 4/2018 N Taluk, Trichy Dated: Long: 15.09.2 78o51’ 018 19.31” E to 78o51’ 26.15”

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10. Details of seigniorage fee received for Roughstone during the last three years

Year Seigniorage Fee DMF NMET (in Rs.) (in Rs.) (in Rs.) 2016-17 2,61,59,380 Nil Nil 2017-18 1,78,00,941 45,69,823 Nil 2018-19 2,75,23,131 1,13,77,237 Nil

11. Details of production of Roughstone during the last three years: Year Roughstone Production in CBM 2016-17 552729 2017-18 380586 2018-19 449276

33

12. Mineral map of the district:

34

13. List of Letter of Intent (LOI) holders for Roughstone in district along with its validity as per the following format

Area of Use Location of the Name of Letter of Intent mining Name of the Address & Contact No. of Validity of (Captive / Mining lease Sl.No the Grant order lease to be lessee letter of Intent holder LOI Non (Latitude & mineral No. & date allotted Captive) Longitude) (Ha) 1 Rough Thiru.K.Muthu - Thiru.K.Muthuveer, Rc.No.80/G& - - Latitude: stone veer S/o.Thiru.Krishnasamy M/2016 dated. 11o10’01.99”N 3/341, Padayachi Street, 28.12.2018. 1.19.0 11o10’05.77”N Kottapalayam, Hects., Longitude: Thuraiyur Taluk, 78o41’46.30”E Trichy 78o41’51.45”E 2 Rough Thiru.C.Natesan, Thiru.C.Natesan, Rc.No.256/G& - Latitude: stone S/o. Thiru.Chellappa Goundar, M/2017 dated. 2.50.5 11o7’52.57”N Nattarmangalam (Post), 28.12.2018 Hects., Longitude: Alathur (Taluk), Perambalur 78o47’51.78”E 3 Rough Thiru.S.Subra- Thiru.S.Subramanian Rc.No.255/G& - Latitude: stone maniyan S/o.Thiru.Sengamalai,Koothan M/2017 dated. 1.49.0 11o07’25.66”N ur, Sridevimangalam (Post), 28.12.2018 Hects., Longitude: Alathur (Taluk), Perambalur 78o47’43.72”E 4 Rough Thiru.V.Ramaraj Thiru.V.Ramaraj, Rc.No.145/G& - Latitude: stone S/o.Thiru.VenkatachalamNo.1/ M/2018 dated. 11o06’58.29”N 66A, 18.12.2018 11o07’04.48”N 2.02.0 Reddiyar Street, Longitude: Hects., Sanamangalam Post, 78o51’12.33”E Manachanallur Taluk, 78o51’16.82”E Trichy District -621 104

35

5 Rough Thiru.C.K.Ravi- Thiru.C.K.Ravichandran, Rc.No.95/G& - Latitude: stone chandran S/o.Thiru C.Kulandaivel, M/2016 dated. 11o7’4.82”N No.21 & 22, Bharathi Nagar 18.12.2018. 3.05.0 11o7’4.33”N Extension, Bharathidasan Hects., Longitude: Nagar, Puthur, 78o51’12.22”E Trichy – 620017 78o51’15.49”E 6 Rough Thiru.M.Baskaran Thiru.M.Baskaran, Rc.No.66/G& 2.13.0 - Latitude: stone S/o.Thiru.Muthu reddiyar, M/2018 dated: Hects., 11o6’58.96”N Thiurvallakuruchi, Alathur 06.03.2019 11o6’54.99”N Taluk, Perambalur District Longitude: 78o50’23.09”E 78o50’18.73”E 7 Rough Thiru.A.S.Nethaji Thiru. A.S.Nethaji, S/o Thiru Rc.No.128/G& 1.06.5 - Latitude: stone A.Srinivasan, 25-IAS Nagar, M/2018 dated: Hects., - 11o05’28.54”N Thiruverumbur, Trichy – 21.02.2019 11o05’33.04”N 620013 Longitude: 78o50’48.44”E 78o50’51.51”E

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14.0 Total Roughstone Reserve available in the district:

Roughstone Geological Sl.No. Name of the LOI Holder Village Taluk Reserves in CBM Thiru.K.Muthuveer S/o.Thiru.Krishnasamy 1 Elanthalapatti Alathur 2,97,500 3/341, Padayachi Street, Kottapalayam, Thuraiyur Taluk, Trichy Thiru.C.Natesan, Nattarmangalam & 2 S/o. Thiru.Chellappa Goundar, Nattarmangalam (Post), Alathur 6,26,250 Alathur (Taluk), Perambalur Chettikulam Thiru.S.Subra maniyan 3 S/o.Thiru.Sengamalai,Koothanur, Sridevimangalam Nattarmangalam Alathur 3,72,500 (Post), Alathur (Taluk), Perambalur Thiru.V.Ramaraj S/o.Thiru.VenkatachalamNo.1/66A, 4 Reddiyar Street, Sanamangalam Post, Padalur(East) Alathur 5,05,000 Manachanallur Taluk, Trichy District -621 104 Thiru.C.K.Ravichandran, S/o.Thiru C.Kulandaivel, 5 No.21 & 22, Bharathi Nagar Extension, Padalur(East) Alathur 7,62,500 Bharathidasan Nagar, Puthur, Trichy – 620017 Thiru.M.Baskaran, S/o.Thiru.Muthu reddiyar, 6 Thiurvallakuruchi, Alathur Taluk, Perambalur District Padalur(East) Alathur 7,45,500 Thiru. A.S.Nethaji, S/o Thiru A.Srinivasan, 25-IAS 7 Padalur(East) Alathur 2,55,600 Nagar, Thiruverumbur, Trichy – 620013

37

15. Quality /Grade of Mineral availability in the district

The general chemical composition of the Roughstone available in the district is given below:

CaO - 2% to 3%

SiO2 - 65% to 68% MgO - 1% to 2%

Al2O3 - 13% to 16%

Fe2O3 - 2% to 3%

16. Use of Mineral

The Roughstone available in the district is mainly used as a raw material for construction of building & road and manufacturing of M-sand.

17. Demand and supply of Roughstone in the last three years

Year 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Demand (CBM) 552729 380586 449276 Supply (CBM) 552729 380586 449276

18. Mining leases (Roughstone) marked on the map of the district

At present, there are 38 leases for quarrying Roughstone and the same are marked in the district map.

38

19. Details of the area of where there is a cluster of mining leases Viz. Number of mining leases, location (Latitude and Longitude) Area of Use Letter of Location of mining Roughstone (Capitive Sl. Name of Intent the Mining lease to Geological /Non- N the Grant Village Taluk District lease be Reserves capitive) o. Mineral order No. (Latitude & allotted (Mill.Tons) & date Longitude) (Ha)

Not Applicable

20. Details of Eco-Sensitive area, if any in the district

-Nil- 21. Impact on the Environment (Air, Water, Noise, Soil Flora & Fauna, Land use, Agriculture, Forest etc.,) due to Mining Activity Mining and allied operations may affect the existing environmental setup in the area unless proper mitigation measures are not taken. Hence it is essential to assess the impacts of mining on various environmental parameters so that abatement measures could be planned in advance for systematic, sustainable and eco-friendly mining in the area. 21.1 Air Environment The mining and allied operations may cause deterioration of air quality due to pollution if prompt care is not taken. The principal sources of air pollution in general due to mining and allied activities will be the dust generation in the mine due to:

 Excavation of, overburden, roughstone.  Movement of HEMM such as excavators, tippers etc.,  Loading and unloading operation  Overburden & Roughstone transportation Beside the above mentioned fugitive dust emissions, atmospheric fugitive dust

emissions, atmospheric pollution can occur as a result of emission of SO2, Nox, CO etc., from diesel driven mining equipment, compressors, generators etc., Larger suspended particles are generally filtered in the nose and throat and do not cause problems.

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Particulate matter smaller than 10 microns, referred to as PM10, can settle in the bronchi and lungs and cause health problems like Bronchitis, Emphysema, Bronchi Asthma, Irritation of mucus membranes of eyes etc. Particles smaller than 2.5micrometers(PM 2.5), tend to penetrate into the lungs and very small particles (<100 nanometers) may pass through the lungs to affect other programs. 21.2 Water Environment The major sources of water pollution normally associated due to mining and allied operations are:  Generation of Industrial effluent water from workshop, service building.  Disturbance to drainage course or water bodies in the project area, if any.  Washouts from waste dumps/embankment, if any.  Domestic effluent  Mine discharge water pumped out from opencast mines, if any and effect on ground water table. Direct impact on human beings due to poor water quality consequent to mining operation can lead to various water borne diseases like diarrhoea, jaundice, dysentery, typhoid etc. Besides, the polluted water may not be useful for animal or human consumption, vegetation and may affect aquatic life, if effluents are not properly treated to remove the harmful pollutants.

21.3 Noise & Vibration The impact prediction and control measure for noise environment due to mining and allied activities are described below: Noise is one of the inevitable causes of pollution in mining operations largely due to the extensive mechanization adopted. Since the Roughstone in the District is batholithic form, drilling and blasting is required for the excavation. Hence the major source of noise will be from the blasting, equipment’s such as Excavation, loading & unloading & movement of vehicles etc., will produce noise of considerable magnitude in mining operations. Prolonged exposure to a high noise level is harmful to the human auditory system and can create mental fatigue, rebellious attitude, annoyance and carelessness, which may lead to neglect of work and also results in accidents.

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21.4 Impact on Land Environment: Due to mining and its allied activities there will be some changes to the pre-mining land status due to the following activities:  Excavation of Roughstone and overburden  Temporary side casting  Construction of Infrastructure facilities such as office, road, site services etc., 21.5 Impact on Biological Environment The major possible impact on biological environment due to mining is given below:  Clearance of vegetation due to mining and allied activities  Retardation of tree growth, tip burning etc., due to deposition of dust and the particulate matter generated from the mining operation.  Presence of Schedule-I fauna in the mining area.  Proposed impact on surface water quality that also provides water to wildlife  Risk of fall/slip or cause death to wild animals due to project activities  The project releases effluents into water bodies that also supplies water to wildlife  Diversion of Agricultural lands for mining 22. Remedial Measure to mitigate the impact of Mining on the Environment The following remedial measures to be taken during mining 22.1 Remedial Measures to mitigate Air Pollution  Water sprinkling on mineral transport road from the mines to the main road  Black topping of the main transportation roads to the possible extent.  Avoiding crowding of trucks by properly spacing them to avoid the concentration of dust emission at any time  Covering the trucks by tarpaulin sheets during ore transportation  Proper maintenance of HEMM to minimize gaseous emission  Imparting sufficient training to operators on safety and environmental parameters  Development of green belt / plantation around mine, along the roads in various undisturbed areas within the mine lease areas etc.,

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22.2 Remedial Measures to mitigate water Pollution  Industrial effluent treatment systems wherever necessary to be introduced and maintained properly.  Safety barriers to be provided for all water bodies and no mining activities should be carried out in the safety barrier area.  Mitigate measures like construction of garland drains, formation of earth bunds to be followed in the waste dumping areas to avoid wash off.  Domestic effluents to be treated in scientific manner  Required statutory clearances to be obtained and all precautionary measures to be adopted wherever pumping of ground water is involved. 22.3 Remedial Measures to reduce Noise & Vibration  Planting rows of native trees around mine, along the roads, other noise generating centres to act as acoustic barriers.  Sound proof operator’s cabin for equipment may lead to less noise generation.  Proper and regular maintenance of equipment may lead to less noise generation  Air silencers of suitable type that can modulate the noise of the engines of machinery to be utilized and will be maintained effectively.  Providing in-built mechanism for reducing sound emissions.  Providing ear muff’s to workers exposed to higher noise level and to those persons operating or working close to any machine.  Conducting regular health check-up of workers including Audiometric test for the workers engaged in noise prone area.

22.4 Remedial measures to reduce Impact on Land Environment: Scientific and systematic mining of roughstone may be practiced to avoid land degradation.

22.5 Remedial measures to reduce Impact on Biological environment  The roughstone bearing areas in the district is mostly of dry areas and hillocks, afforestation to be carried out in the mining areas.  Necessary mitigate measures like dust suppression, proper maintenance of equipments, black topping of roads etc., to be carried out to prevent dust generation & any further impact on the vegetation.

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 Conservation plan for schedule –I species if any to be prepared in consultation with the Forest Department and the proposals given in the conservation plan to be strictly implemented.  Effluents generated in the mining areas to be treated properly.

23. Reclamation of Mined out Area (Best practice already implemented in the district, requirement as per rules and regulations, proposed reclamation plan)

The quarried pit may be used as water reservoir for both agricultural and domestic purpose.

24. Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan

Risk Assessment and Disaster Management plan in connection with mining and allied operations should be spelt out in detail to cover possible dangers /risks/explosions/accidents etc., likely to arise from the project operations including onsite and off-site emergency plans to meet the disastrous situations if any.

1) Outline of Disaster management plan :- The purpose of disaster management plan is to restore the normalcy for early resumption of mining operation due to an unexpected, sudden occurrence resulting to abnormality in the course of mining activity leading to a serious danger to workers or any machinery or the environment.

2) System of communication:- An internal communication system should be provided. Telephone nos. and addresses of adjoining mines, rescue station, police station, Fire service station, local hospital, electricity supply agency and standing consultative committee members should be properly updated and displayed.

3) Consultative committee:- A standing consultative committee will be formed under the head of Mines. The members consists of Mines manager /safety officer / medical officer / public relation officer/Foreman/ and environmental engineer.

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4) Facilities & Accommodation:- Accommodation and facilities for medical centre, rescue room and for various working groups shall be provided. Regular checking of these facilities shall be undertaken. 5) First Aid & Medical facilities:- The mine management should be having first aid / medical centre for use in emergency situation. All casualties should be registered and should be given first aid. The centre should have facilities for first aid & minor treatment, resuscitation, ambulance and transport. Proper telephone / wireless should be provided for quick communication with hospitals where the complicated cases are to be referred. Regular checking of these facilities shall be undertaken by the doctor and the in charge of the first aid room.

6) Stores and equipment :- A detailed list of equipment available, its type & capacity and items reserved for emergency should be maintained.

7) Transport services:- A well defined transport control system should be provided to deal with the situation.

8) Functions of public relations group:- Liaison with representatives of the mine workers is required to ameliorate the situation of panic, tension, sentiments, grievances and misgivings created by any disaster. Management is required to ameliorate the injured, survivors and family members of affected persons by providing material, finance, moral support and establishing contact with relatives of victims. The consultative committee formed, especially the nominated public relation officer shall look into these aspects.

9) Security :- Manning of security posts is very essential during the disaster management.

10) Catering & Refreshment :- Arrangement will be made for the victims, rescue teams and others.

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