International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 Sugar Cane Modelling Using GIS And Remote Sensing For Perambalur District T.Subramani1, K.Sukumar2, S.Priyanka3 1Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India 2PG Student Of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India 3UG Student, , Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India Abstract either before or after the rainy season and can be harvested This study addresses land evaluation for sugar cane suitability, around 10 to 12 months after cultivation. A large number and demonstrates the usefulness of integrating both legacy of farmers grow sugarcane on the basis of marketing price cartographic and contemporary data to help solve assessment rather than the highly potential soils. Lands inherently problems. Land evaluation techniques have proved useful for unsuitable and depleted are used to plant sugarcane, supporting rational management of land resources and resulting low productivity. As a consequence, the farmers sustainable development across many sectors. A Geographical suffered from increasing debt. The allocation of sugar-cane Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) were used to suitable land is needed to enhance the productivity. The to identify suitable lands for growing sugar cane at 2 sites in perambalur sugar mills district.The basic FAO land evaluation land suitability, based on integration of land qualities is framework was adopted, using readily available data including widely accepted. FAO guideline on the land evaluation is terrain and soil. Satellite data were utilised to derive several well known worldwide for land suitability evaluation thematic maps to help identify areas with the required method. In addition a number of reports provide potentials. A GIS-based suitability analysis was conducted using methodologies on the application of GIS to the land the ESRI ArcGIS software, and the input datasets reclassified to evaluation. Important in this process was recording the assign categories that could be integrated in one model. A quality of the data and how this data could be utilized weighted overlay method was used, along with a traditional within the GIS environment for the proposed analyses. The boolean raster method, to allow comparison of results from following are the data sources used for this research: each method. The weighted overlay method areas demarked more land as ‘suitable’ than did the traditional boolean method. This could derive from the assignment of differing weightings Historic legacy data for soil was retrieved (scanned in the weighted overlay, making it a more flexible operation and digitised) from the World Soil Archive and when compared to the strict “true or false” assessment of the catalogue (WOSSAC) available at Cranfield boolean method. Across the selected study area, an estimated University. 75% of the land was classified as being ‘moderately suitable’ The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 90m Digital for sugar cane. One future means to fully differentiate these Elevation Model; areas would be the introduction of precision farming techniques to enable continuous management of the crop and to obtain Landsat 8 satellite imageries by the United States improved yield production. Geological Survey covering the study areas and; Soil properties extracted from the Harmonised World Keywords: Land suitability analysis, weighted overlay, Soil Database. sugar cane, legacy data It was considered of great importance to integrate the 1.INTRODUCTION process of land evaluation such that the approaches be Agriculture is one of the world’s most important activities applicable for any given purpose, delineating soil supporting human life. From the beginning of the constraints, severity and similarity of soil as a means to civilization man has used the land resources to satisfy his assist land managers and farmers to plan for better needs. The land resources regeneration is very slow while agricultural production. the population growth is very fast, leading to an unbalance. On a global scale, agriculture has the proven potential to 1.1 Aim increase food supplies faster than the growth of the To investigation into the development of a crop suitability population. Lack of wise and suitable agricultural practices geo database and modelling system for Sugar Cane in results the degradation of natural habitats, ecosystems and Perambalur sugar mills district, drawing on both agricultural lands round the globe. The average sugarcane contemporary environmental data and legacy thematic yield in the North-East was estimated to be 47 ton/ha. All information. sugarcane produced in the North-East are supplied to sugar factories. There are 15 sugar factories in the North-East, distributing in 9 provinces. Sugarcane is usually planted Volume 6, Issue 3, May – June 2017 Page 208 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 1.2 Objectives Identification of study area; Adoption of an applied case study-based approach Assessment of suitability modelling technique; identifying suitability for Sugar Cane at two land Data sourcing; sites in Perambalur sugar mills district; Data preparation and analyses, and; Compilation for selected study sites of sources of Crop suitability model implementation. contemporary environmental data, including satellite imagery, together with appropriate legacy, 2.2 The History Of Study Area historical cartographic and report-based information from previous survey activities; 2.2.1 About Eraiyur Development of land use suitability modelling Eraiyur is a Village in Veppanthattai Taluk in Perambalur framework for sugar cane drawing on these District of Tamil Nadu State, India. It is located 21 KM available data; towards North from District head quarters Perambalur. 17 Application of model to selected case study areas KM from Veppanthattai. 274 KM from State capital and review of appropriateness of approach. Chennai. Eraiyur Pin code is 621133 and postal head office is Eraiyur (Perambalur).Thevaiyur North ( 3 KM ) , 2. STUDY AREA Ponnagaram ( 3 KM ) , Namaiyur ( 4 KM ) , Ranjankudi ( 4 KM ) , Thirumandurai ( 5 KM ) are the nearby Villages 2.1 Materials And Methods to Eraiyur. Eraiyur is surrounded by Mangalur Taluk In order to accomplish the objectives for this project, it was towards North, Veppanthattai Taluk towards west , necessary to source all relevant and available data, and Perambalur Taluk towards west , Alathur Taluk towards then establish how best to incorporate these within a GIS South . Tittakudi , Perambalur , Virudhachalam , Thuraiyur environment for the analyses. This section outlines the data are the nearby Cities to Eraiyur. collection and methodology used to determine land suitability for sugar cane in the study areas. fig describes 2.2.2 Demographics Of Eraiyur the procedure adopted for this research. The sequences of Tamil is the Local Language here. tasks undertaken to achieve the goal of this project are outlined below: 2.2.3 Suitability Modelling Technique Various methods for land suitability have been trialled, each having its own flaws. An appropriate suitability method was adopted based on what data is available and the area of interest. Some techniques were identified during this research after which the weighted overlay method was chosen for this study as this was readily available and allows for a multi criteria assessment, accepts data in different resolutions and analyses these thematic layers based on a user defined weighting which can be useful to determine the importance of each parameter used. The weighted overlay approach was assessed along with the traditional Boolean method for comparison. 2.3 Data Sourcing Land suitability analyses in this research seek to use GIS and remote sensing to perform a multi criteria analyses, requiring several data inputs. Due to the nature of this research, only freely available data were used. Figure 1 Study Area Volume 6, Issue 3, May – June 2017 Page 209 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 3.METHODOLOGY 3.3 Intended Land Use A major kind of land use, which is a major subdivision Figure. 2 shows the Methodology adopted in the study of rural land use such as rainfed or irrigated agriculture. This type of land use is usually considered in qualitative land evaluation studies at the reconnaissance level. A land utilisation type, which is a kind of land use defined in a degree of detail greater than. It is usually used in quantitative land evaluation studies and are described in much detail and precision as the purpose of study requires. It consists of a list of technical specifications in a given physical, social and economic setting. It takes into consideration if the current environment would be modified, e.g. by irrigation schemes or is intended to remain in the present condition. Examples of land utilisation types includes, market orientation (either commercial or small-scale production), labour intensity and infrastructure