DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT DISTRICT

DISTRICT LEVEL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY (DEIAA), PERAMBALUR

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT

CONTENT Chapter Page No.

1. 1.1. Introduction 01 1.2. Location and Area 01 2. 2.1. Overview of Mining Activity 03 3. The List of Mining Lease details 05 (i) 05 (ii) Fire Clay 12 (iii) Gypsum 15 (iv) Black Granite 17 (v) Rough stone 20 4. Mineral wise revenue collection for last three 28 5. Details of production of Sand / Bajari / Minor Minerals in the last 29 three years (2015-16 to 2017-18 6. General profile of the district 30 6.1. Flora and Fauna 30 6.2. Minerals and mining 30 6.3. Agriculture 30 6.4. Transport And Communication 30 6.5. Tourist Interest 31 6.6. Fossil tree at Sathanur 31 6.7. Administration 32 7. Land utilisation pattern in the district 33 8. Physiography of the district 35 9. Rainfall and Climate 36 10. Geology and mineral wealth of the district 38 11. Conclusion 44

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List of figures

Figure Description Page no. No. 1. Map of Perambalur district showing major roads and adjacent 02 districts. 2. Flow chart showing the procedure for grant of lease for rough stone 04 quarries 3. Land utilisation pattern of Perambalur district. 34 4. Geomorphological map of the Perambalur district 35 5. Geological map with location of the Perambalur district. 38

List of Tables

Table No. Description Page no. 1. Details of land use pattern in Perambalur district. 33 2. The actual and normal rainfall (mm) in the district. 36 3. Rainfall data of the Perambalur district during 2014-2018. 37

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CHAPTER- I 1.1. INTRODUCTION

Pursuant to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the Government of Notification No.SO 141 (E) dated 15.01.2016 and SO 190 (E) dated 20.01.2016 the District Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) and District Environment Appraisal Committee (DEAC) were constituted in Perambalur District for the grant of Environmental Clearance for category “B2” projects for quarrying of Minor Minerals. The main purpose of preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral resources and developing the mining activities along with other relevant data of the District. The DEAC will scrutinize and screen scope of the category “B2” projects and the DEIAA will grant Environmental Clearance based on the recommendations of the DEAC for the Minor Minerals on the basis of District Survey Report. This District Survey Report is prepared with the assistance of Geological Survey of India, State Unit, and Puducherry, .

The composite District wastrifurcated into three districts with effect from1.10.1995 (G.O.Ms.No.913 Revenue (Y3) Department, dated 30.9.95) as follows:- ThiruchirappalliPerumbiduguMuthirayar District with headquarters at Tiruchirappalli.- KarurDheeranChinnamalai district with headquarters at .-Perambalur Thiruvalluvar District with headquarters at Perambalur. Again, the , asper the G.O. Ms .No. 657, Revenue RA I(1)Department, dated 29.12.2000, the Perambalur Thiruvalluvar District was bifurcated into two Districts with effect from 1.12.2001; Perambalur District with headquarters at Perambalur and District with headquarters at Ariyalur. Perambalur consists of one Revenue Division of Perambalur and four Taluks of Perambalur, Kunnam,Veppanthattai and .

1.2. LOCATION AND AREA

With an geographical area of 1757 sqkms, Perambalur district is centrally located in the State, 267 kms away from Chennai on the southern direction. The district lies between 10° 54" and 11° 30" degree northern latitude and 78° 40" and 79° 30"degree eastern longitude. The district is boundedon the north by and Salem districts, southand west by and east by (Fig. 1).It is an inland district without coastal line. The District has Vellar River in the North and it has well marked natural divisions. The Pachamalai hill situated on the North boundary of Perambalur is the most important hill in the district. 1

Figure 1. Map of Perambalur district showing major roads and adjacent districts.

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CHAPTER –II

2.1. OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY

Minerals of Economic importance found in Perambalur District are mainly Gypsum, Kankar, varieties of black granites (Dimensional stones), Rough stone(aggregates), limestone, fireclay and gravel/earth. Mining activities based on these minerals are very less. However, numerous Rough Stone quarries are under operation for production of construction materials in , Kalpadi, Nattarmangalam, Naranamangalam, in the district. In addition to above, ‘Dimensional Stones’ (Granite) is also available in Neikuppai, V.Kalathur and Kilapuliyur villages.

Limestone mines are located in the eastern part of the district over the Fomration. Limestone mines are located around Varagupadi, Olaipadi, Perali, Paravoi, Vayalapadi, Kalpadi and Azur villages. Fire clay mines are located mainly around Karai village, . Gypsum mines are not active. at present only two mines (non- working) areas have been visited during the study, i.e. around Odiyam village, Kunnam Taluk. A total of eleven black granite mines (working/non-working) were visited those are located around Naikuppai, Venbavur, V. Kalathur, Chittaly and villages.

The office of the Deputy Director, Department of Geology and Mining is functioning under the control of District Collector, Perambalur. The Deputy Director, Geology and Mining are assisting the District Collector in the Mineral Administration works (Fig. 2).

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Fig. 2. Flow chart showing the procedure for grant of lease for rough stone quarries

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CHAPTER III

THE LIST OF MINING LEASE DETAILS

The commodity/item wise details of Mining Leases in Perambalur District are given below:

3 (i). Limestone

Sl. Name and address Location of lease Lease Area under Date of Date of Period No for Area Grant of execution (Years) correspondence, Survey No. Village, (Hects) Forest Non- lease (original Telephone No., Fax Co-ordinate Taluk, Area Forest (original and sub- No., Mobile No., Email Latitude Post office, (Hect.) Area and sub - sequent Longitude Railway (Hect.,) sequent renewals) Topo Sheet Station, and renewals) No. District) 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1. Tvl. Madras Cements S.F Nos. Varagupadi Patta - 4.68.0 G.O.582, 25.10.1993 20 years Ltd., 248/1 etc Village, 3.14.0 Dated 25.10.1993 98-A Auras Corporate Poramboke Kunnam Poramboke 28.10.1992 to Centre, 248/17 etc Taluk 1.54.0 24.10.2013 Radhakrishnan Road, Perambalur Total Chennai. District. Extent 4.68.0 2. Industrial Chemicals & S.F No. Olaipadi (W) Poramboke - 1.55.0 G.O.3(D) 29.07.2002 20 years Monomers Ltd., 416/1 Kunnam 1.55.0 No. 115, 15.3.1986 145 Road, Taluk Dated to 14.3.2006 Sankar Nagar, Perambalur 17.07.1997 District. District. 3. Thiru. G. Prabhu, S.F. No. Varagupadi Patta - 4.67.0 D.G.M 03.06.2002 20 years 55 Big Bazaar, 171/1,2A, Kunnam 4.67.0 Progs 05.06.2002 Tiruchirappalli. 2B,3,4A,4B Taluk No.1184/M to 5,6A,6B1, Perambalur M4/2000, 04.06.2022 6B2,7B,7C,8A, District. dt.12.12.01

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8B,11A, 11C1,11C2 172/4,5,177/13 A,13B, 14B,15, 4. Hylime Industries, S.F Nos. Olaipadi, Patta - 1.54.0 G.O. No. 12.01.1992 5 years A3 Ramalingam Nagar, 201/2,(P), Kunnam 1.54.0 490 12.01.1992 I – Main Road, 201/3,4,5,(P) Taluk Dated to Tiruchirappalli. 201/6, Perambalur 06.12.1991 11.01.1997 201/7, 212/2 District.

5. Tvl. Arun Chemicals, S.F No. Paravoi, Patta - 1.21.0 G.O. (3D) 06.10.1998 20 years Trunk Road, 76/1,2,3, Kunnam 0.18.5 No. 4 19.06.1993 Nedungur Post, 77/1,2,3,4, Taluk Poramboke Dated to Taluk. 12,13 Perambalur 1.02.5 09.01.1998 18.06.2013 District. Total Extent 1.21.0 6. Tvl. Arun Chemicals, S.F .No. Paravoi Patta - 1.59.5 Progs 30.06.2003 20 years Trunk Road, 44/9, 10,(P) Village, 1.59.5 No.17427/ 16.07.2003 Nedungur Post, 45/1 to 5 Kunnam MM4/99, to . Taluk dated 15.07.2023 Perambalur 26.05.2003 District. 7. Sri Ram Chemicals, S.F Nos. VaragupadiK Patta - 4.58.0 G.O.(3D) 02.01.1996 20 years 93, EVR Nagar, 94/1, 95/1,2 unnam Taluk 4.58.0 No. 224, 02.01.1996 Thiruchirappalli. Perambalur Dated to District 21.07.1995 01.01.2026

8. Thiru. C.R.Shanmugam S.F Nos. Olaipadi Patta - 1.21.0 D.G.M. 06.09.2000 20 years Plot No. 28 412/4A, 4B (west), 1.21.0 Progs No. 11.09.2000 Room No. 221, Kunnam 4724/MM4 to Ganapathy Nagar, Taluk /99 10.09.2020 Thiruvanaikovil, Perambalur. Dated Tiruchirappalli. 29.06.2000

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9. Thiru. S. Saravanan, S.F No. Olaipadi Patta - 1.33.0 G.O.(3D) 01.03.1996 20 years 126, Ganapathy Nagar, 200/5 (West), 1.33.0 No.262 01.03.1996 Thiruvanaikovil, Kunnam Dated to Tiruchirappalli-5 Taluk 20.09.1995 29.02.2016 Perambalur District. 10. Thiru. S. Saravanan, S.F Nos. Perali Patta - 3.54.5 G.O.(3D) 18.10.1995 20 years 126, Ganapathy Nagar, 49/1A, 1B, (South), 3.54.5 No.2 18.10.1995 Thiruvanaikovil, 69/1B2, 1B3, Kunnam Dated to Tiruchirappalli-5 3C, 70/3B, 4B, Taluk 20.09.1995 17.10.2015 49/8A, (P) Perambalur 70/3A(P) District. 11. Tmt. S. Sathammai S.F Nos. Perali 1.04.5 - 1.92.0 G.O.(3D) 17.12.1997 20 years W/o.Subramanian 23/12B, (South), 0.87.5 No. 29, 17.12.1997 Ganapathy Nagar, 23/16, Kunnam Total Dated to Thiruvanaikovil, 17,18,24/6,24/7 Taluk Extent 20.02.1997 16.12.2017 Tiruchirappalli -5. and Perambalur 1.92.0 24/4, District. 12. Thiru. S. Subramanian, S.F Nos. Vayalapadi, Patta - 3.57.0 G.O.(3D) 17.09.1998 20 years 127, Periyar Nagar, 14/3A(P), Kunnam 1.05.0 No. 25 17.09.1998 Tiruchirappalli-5 Poramboke Taluk Poram Dated to 14/3B (P), Perambalur 2.52.0 27.03.1998 16.09.2018 15/1A (P), District. Total 15/1B (P), Ext3.57.0 18/3A, 3B,3c 13. Thiru. S. Saravanan, S.F Nos. Vayalapadi, Patta - 4.75.0 G.O.(3D) 12.03.1999 20 years 126, Ganapathy Nagar, 17/1A, 20/1, Kunnam 1.18.5 No. 128, 12.03.1999 Thiruvanaikovil, Poramboke Taluk Poram Dated to Tiruchirappalli-5 18/2A(P), Perambalur. boke 15.09.1998 11.03.2019 18/2B, 3.56.5 19/1A(P), and Total Ext 19/1C 4.75.0

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14. Tmt. P. Kamalam S.F. Nos. Kalpadi Patta - 0.91.5 G.O. No. 06.09.1996 20 years No.35/1312, 160/9B, 9C, 9D Perambalur 0.91.5 65, 06.09.1996 Rajendra Nagar, and 10 Taluk Dated to Sankagiri Road, Perambalur 02.04.1996 05.09.2016 Thiruchengode. District. 15. Tvl. S.C. Mines and S.F. Nos. Olaipadi Patta - 1.43.5 G.O.(3D) 04.02.1997 20 years Minerals, 221/2, 22/3B, (West), 1.43.5 No. 110, 04.02.1997 122-B, General Bazaar 221/3C, Kunnam Dated to Street, 221/10, Taluk 31.12.1996 03.02.2017 Thennur, Trichy. 221/5A, Perambalur 221/5B, District. 221/5C, 221/5D 16. Tvl. Ohm Sakthi S.F Nos. Perali Patta - 1.68.0 G.O.(3D) 01.03.1997 20 years Granites, 286/1A, (South) 1.68.0 No. 99 01.3.1997 to C-39-10 290/1C, Kunnam Dated 28.02.2017 Periyar Street, 290/1D (P), Taluk 01.11.96 Cauvery Nagar, 290/1E(P), Perambalur . 290/1F and District. 290/1G, 291/3B,6A and 6B 17. Tvl. Vijay Cements, S.F No. 175 Varagupadi Poramboke - 0.96.5 G.O.(3D) 06.12.1997 20 years 2/4 Lawsons Road, Kunnam 0.96.5 No. 164, 6.12.1997 to Contonment, Taluk Dated 5.12.2017 Trichirappalli. Perambalur 01.10.1997 District. 18. Tvl. Saravana Mines S.F Nos. Olaipadi Patta - 1.14.0 G.O.(3D) 31.07.1998 20 years and Minerals, 202/2K, (West), 1.14.0 No.29 31.7.1998 to Veppur, Kunnam Taluk, 202/2L, Kunnam Dated 30.7.2018 Perambalur District 202/3, Taluk 03.04.1998 202/4A, Perambalur 202/5, District 202/6, 202/8B,

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202/10B, 202/11, 202/15A, 202/16, 202/13, 202/4B

19. Tvl. Govindaraja- S.F Nos. Vayalapadi Poramboke - 1.01.5 G.O.(3D) 15.10.1998 20 years pattinam 14/3A (Part) Kunnam 1.01.5 No.68 15.10.1998 Human Power & Social 14/3B (Part) Taluk Dated to Development Society, 15/1A, 17/4 Perambalur 01.06.1998 14.10.2018 Govindaraja-pattinam Distirct. Village, Olaipadi Post, Kunnam Taluk.

20. Tvl. R.T.C. Mines and S.F. Nos. Perali Patta - 4.32.0 Proceeding 09.08.1999 20 years Minerals, 45/1A1 (South), 4.32.0 No. 1172/ 09.8.1999 to No. 2 Vellala Street, Kunnam MM1/98, 08.8.2019 Ariyalur. Taluk Dated 31.05.1999 21. Tvl. G.R. Minerals, S.F No. Olaipadi Patta - 0.93.5 Proceeding 08.09.1999 20 years No. 17, Ramalingam 210/1A1 (West), 0.93.5 No.5772/ 08.9.1999 to Street, Kunnam MM1/98, 07.9.2019 Ariyalur. Taluk Dated Perambalur 07.07.1999 District.

22. Tvl Parveen Mines and S.F No. Kunnam Patta - 4.92.5 G.O.(3D) 13.05.1999 20 years Minerals, 112/2B,(P)112/ Taluk 4.04.5 No. 18, 13.05.1999 A – III Cross, 4(P),113/4F, Perali Pora Dated to Paramsivapuram 4G,4I,115/3, (South), 0.88.0 09.02.1999 12.05.2019 Lalgudi. 115/4(P), Perambalur Total 115/5,116/2116 District. Extent /1(P) 4.92.5

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23. Tvl. M.S.V. Mines and Patta Siruganpur Patta - 1.27.0 G.O.(3D) 11.10.1999 20 years Minerals, S.F.No.24/6A, (West), 0.93.0 No. 61, 11.10.1999 D/291 III Cross, 6B, 6C,25/10, Kunnam Poram Dated to Anna Nagar, 25/11, Taluk 0.34.0 22.06.1999 10.10.2019 Thennur, Trichy. Poramboke Perambalur Total 25/9(P) District. Extent 1.27.0 24. Tmt. C. Manimozhi, S.F. Nos. Olaipadi Patta - 1.68.5 Proceeding 11.09.2000 20 years W/o. Chinnasamy, 413/1A, (West), 1.68.5 No.3492/M 20.10.2000 12-C Subramaniya 414/2A2, Kunnam M4/1999, to Nagar, Trichy. 414/2B, Taluk Dated 19.10.2020 414/4, Perambalur 06.07.2000 415/2B District. 25. TAN-INDA Limited, S.F Nos. 239/2, Kalpadi Patta - 4.94.5 G.O.No.16 15.09.2000 30 years 21, Gandhipuram Road, 238/1,238/3 (South), 4.94.5 1/MMA/2 15.09.2000 239/5,240/1 Perambalur Dated to District. 237/1A,2A,2B, Taluk & 01.06.1998 14.09.2030 236/1, District. 238/4, 26. Tvl. YESSAREX, S.F. No. Olaipadi Poramboke - 3.42.5 G.O.No.74/ 15.09.2000 20 years Plot No. 1521, 219/1 (West), 3.42.5 Inds Dept. 18.9.2000 to H-Block, Kunnam dt. 17.9.2020 Vth Street, Taluk 25.7.2000 12th Main Road, Perambalur Chennai. District.

27 Tvl. Chettinad Cements S.F Nos. Olaipadi (w), Patta - 4.98.0 Progs Rc. 02.03.2010 20 years Corporation Ltd., 211/1,2,4A Kunnam 4.98.0 No.3542/M 08.04.2010 Rani Seethai Hall 211/4B, (T.K), M1/09 to building 212/1, 213/1, Perambalur dated 07.04.2030 IV & V Floors, 213/2B, 213/4 District 24.12.2009 603, Anna Salai, Chennai -600 006.

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28 Tvl. G.R. Minerals, S.F Nos. Olaipadi (w) Patta - 1.19.5 CGM 08.02.2010 20 years No.35/19, Ramalingam 203/2A, 2B,1A, Kunnam 1.19.5 Progs Rc. 09.03.2010 street, Ariyalur. 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, (T.K), No.17898/ to 203/3 MM4/01 08.03.2030 dated 01.09.2003 29 Tvl. Parveen Mines and S.F. Nos. Perali South, Patta - 4.59.0 CGM 28.02.2011 20 years Minerals, 135/2, 3, Kunnam 4.59.0 Progs. No. 01.03.2011 63 A, 3rd Cross, 136/4,7,8, Taluk, 1104/ to Paramasivapuram 147/1,2F, Perambalur MM1/ 28.02.2031 Lalkudi Taluk, 3F,3B,3C, District 2004 dated Trichy District . 3D,3E,3F, 01.06.2 3G,3H,4A, 009 4B,4C,4D, 147/5,6,7, 148/1,2 30 S.F Nos. Azur Village, Patta - 4.92.5 CGM 14.08.2013 20 years Tvl. Chettinad Cements 209/3A, 3B, Kunnam 4.92.5 Progs. Rc. 14.08.2013 Corporation Ltd., 3C,209/5,6,7B, Taluk, No. to Rani Seethai Hall 8,9,10A,10B,11 Perambalur 3456/MM1 13.08.2033 building ,12,13A,13B,14 Dist. /2011, IV & V Floors, ,17,18 dated: 603, Anna Salai, 210/3,4,6, 05.02. Chennai -600 006. 7A,7B,9 2013 31 S.F.Nos.250/6B Varagu padi patta poramb 54.68.0 G.O.(Ms) 10.01.2017 50 years Tvl UltraTech Cement , 250/8, etc Village, (53.76.5 oke hects. No. 154 10.01.2017 Limited, Reddipalayam, AlathurTk Ha) (0.91.5 Industries to Post Ariyalur District Ha) 09.01.2067 (MMA.1)

Departmen t Dated, 23.12.2016 .

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3 (ii). Fireclay

Sl. Name and address Survey No. Village & Extent G.O.No Lease No. Taluk (in Hects) Period

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Thiru. N. Ramalingam, S.F. No. 273/1G, Karai Village Patta CGM Progs. No. 20 years Ogalur Post, 5B, 6A, 6B Kunnam 0.84.5 14583/ 07.04.1999 & Taluk MM1/98, dated to District. 03.12.1998 06.04.2019

2. Thiru. N. Ramalingam, S.F Nos. 131/2,(P) Karai (E) Patta Comm. Procgs. No. 20 years Ogalur Post, 3, 4, 6A,7A,7B, Kunnam 2.16.0 4545/MM2/98, dated 08.01.1999 Perambalur Taluk & 131/70, 131/5 Taluk 06.10.98 to District. Village, 07.01.2019

3. Tvl. Anchor Ceramic S.F Nos. 129/1A, 2, Karai (E) 1.38.5 CGM. Progs. No. 20 years Company (P) ltd., 131/8,9,and Village 12483/ 11.10.1999 44 Anna Nagar, 10A Kunnam MM1/98 dated to Ariyalur. Taluk 02.07.1999 10.10.2019 4. Tmt. M. Kamalam, 200/9, 10A, 10B, Karai (E) Patta Comm. Progs., No. 20 years W/o.Muthukkaruppan, 10C Village, 1.35.5 11001/MM4/1999 dated 22.03.2000 No.3, First Street, Kunnam 19.01.1999 to R.E.C.Quarters, Taluk 21.03.2020 Tiruchirappalli.

5. Thiru. Sathiyamoorthy, S.F No. 265/3B Kunnam Patta CGM Rc. No. 16667/ 20 years No.36 Sanathi Taluk 0.39.5 MM3/ 2000 27.06.01 to Street,Karai Post, Karai Village, Dated 02.03.2001 26.06.21 Kunnam Taluk,

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Perambalur District. 6. Thiru. K. S.F Nos. 321/2,3,4, Kunnam Patta Comm., Progs. No.7992/ 20 years Panneerselvam, Radha 5A,5B,5C, 5D,5E Taluk 4.47.5 MM3/2001, 06.02.2003 Chemicals, and 5F. Therani dated 30.09.2002 to C-39 Cauvery Nagar, Village, 05.06.2023 , Karur District.

7. Tvl. Anchor Ceramic S.F Nos. 131/ 10B, Kunnam Patta ProNo. 20 years Company (P) Ltd., 10C, 10D, 129/1B1, Taluk 2.19.5 14062/MM3/2004, 30.01.1994 No. 44, Anna Nagar, 1B2,1B3, 1C,1D,1E, Karai (E) dt:27.12.04 G.O Ms. No. to Ariyalur Taluk, 1F,1G,1H Village, 324, Ind, Dated: 29.01.2024 Perambalur dt. (P),4A,4B, 11.08.1993 4C,4D,6,7A 7B. 8. Thiur. C. Sivakumar, S.F Nos. Kunnam Patta Progs No. 20 years 801/A.V.Complex, 336/1,2,3&4 (P) Taluk , 1.29.0 3032/MM3/2003 13.10.2004 Thuraimangalam, Therani Dated 24.08.04 to Peambalur. Village, 12.10.2024

9. Sri Balaji Minerals, S.F Nos. Kunnam Patta 2.21.5 CGM. Progs No. 20 years No.25E, Bharani Flate II 267/3,4,5,7,8,9,10, Taluk 15918/ 10.12.2004 Flore, Contonment, 11 Karai East, MM3/ to Trichy. 12,13,14, 15A,15B, 2002 Dated 05.08.2004 09.12.2024 16B,17,18,19, and 20, 268/1,2A, 2B,3,4A, 4B,5 &6 10. Tvl. Sellam Minerals, S.F Nos. 273/6C2 Kunnam Patta CGM Progs 20 years Ponnayar, 274/2A Taluk 2.97.5 3161/MM3/2004 dated 15.07.2005 Trichy. Karai (E) 18.01.2005 to Village, 14.07.2025

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11. Thiru. K.Jamalmaideen, S.F Nos. 283/8A1, Kunnam Patta DGM. Progs No. 11128/ 20 years 37, Williams Road, 8A2,8B, Taluk 2.27.5 MM3/2003 14.03.2006 Trichy. 284/2A,2B,2C,284/ Karai (E), Dated 21.09.2005 to 3,4,5,6,9A,9B and 13.03.2026 9C. 12. Thiur. C. Sivakumar, S.F. No. Karai (East) Patta CGM Progs. No. 5870/ 20 years No.20/380, 131/6B, Kunnam 1.97.5 MM3/ 2009 dated 11.10.2010 Vedachalapuram., 132/13,14, Taluk, 14.09.2010 to Thogamalai Po, 15,16,17, 10.10.2030 Kulithalai taluk. 18A,18B,19 20 and Karur District . 267/1.

13. C.Senthilkumar, S.F.Nos. Therani, PAtta G.O.(2D)No.19Industries( 10 years A-216, Vignesh Empire, 336/4(P),336/5,8,9 Alathur Taluk 3.21.5 MMC-2) Department 24.009.201 Salai Road Extn., dated.10.08.2018 8 to Woraiyur, 23.09.2028 Trichy-620 003. 14. SS Minerals, S.FNos.434/1,434/ Therani, 5.64.5 G.O.(2D)No.18 10 years 221F,AV Complex, 2,434/3,43 Alathur Taluk Industries(MMC-2) 24.009.201 Ariyalur Road, 5/1 Department 8 to Near Four road, dated.09.08.2018 23.09.2028 Thuraimangalam, Perambalur-621220 15 Tmt.S.Vetriselvi, S.F.Nos.322/1A2,3 Therani, 2.37.5 G.O.(2D)No.22 10 years W/o.Thiru.A.Saravanan, 22/1B,322/2 Alathur Taluk Industries(MMC-2) 10.10.2018 B1, Annamalai Homes, Department to 25A, Reddipalayam dated.20.08.2018 09.10.2028 Road, Jaswanth Nagar, Mogappair West, Chennai- 600 037

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3 (iii). Gypsum

Extent G.O.No Lease Sl. Village & Name and address S.F.Nos (in Period No Taluk Hects) 1 3 4 5 6 9 11 1 Tmt. L. Vatasala, S.F. No. Odhiyam (w) Patta CGM Progs.No 20 years D.No.12/A North-East 362/2B Kunnam Taluk 2.56.5 15403/MM3/1999 06.02.2003 Execution, dt.15.12.02 to , 05.02.2023 Trichy. 2. Thiru. S. Palanisamy, S.F Nos. Kolakka- Patta Progs. Of CGM vide 20 years Arun Minerals and 76/2,2 Natham 1.88.5 Rc.No.6034/MM3/02 27.07.2004 Chemicals, Thappai Post, Village, dt.27.02.04 to Lalgudi Taluk, Kunnam Taluk, 26.07.2024 Trichy District. 3. Tmt. K.P. Porgodi, S.F No. Therani Patta D.G.M. Progs 20 years Trichy. 395/3 Village, 1.65.5 13904/MM3 /2005 29.03.2006 Kunnam Taluk, 14.3.2006 to 28.03.2026 4 Thiru. P. Rajendran, S.F. No. Odiyam Patta CGM Prog. No. 5719/ 20 years S/o Paramasivan, 359/6, village, 1.65.5 MM3/ 2009 dated 11.10.2010 Sivadharsan Apartment, 360/3 part, Kunnam Taluk, 17.09.2010 to SankaraNagar, 360/5 10.10.2030 Toll gate, Trichy.

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3 (iv). Black Granite

Village & Sl. Name and address of Taluk Extent (in S.F.No G.O.No Lease Period No. the lessee Hects)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Tmt. 176/3A,3B, Pasumbalur (S) 2.57.5 G.O.(3D)No.89/ 20 R.Manoranjitham 4B,5&6 Veppanthattai Hects Ind/(MMB)Dept. Years W/o.Ravindaran, TK. dt.13.11.2000 04.01.2001 23,Sivasamy Street, to Salam -1. 03.01.2021 2 Thiru. 171/A1 and Neikuppai, 1.22.5 Hects G.O.(3D)No.134/Ind/ 20 R.P.Parama sivam 171/7A2A Veppanthattai (MMB1)Dept. Years 58/A Sivan Koil Street, dt. 31.12.2005 01.03.2006 Chinnasalam, to Taluk, 28.02.2026 Villupuram District. 3 T.P.Patchamuthu, 55/2,(part) Pandagapadi 1.16.5 Hects G.O.(3D)No.136/Ind/ 20 S/o.T.S.Pacha muthu, 55/5,55/6(part Veppanthattai (MMB-2)Dept. Years M/s.Sri.T.S.P. Granites, ) dt. 29.12.2008 23.01.2009 Therrkukadu, 55/7(part) and to Narasingapuram 55/8(part) 22.01.2029 post, Taluk, Salam District.

16

4 Thiru.Amirthalingam 485/1B,492/5A Venbavur 1.01.0 Hects G.O.(3D)No.32/ 20 Years No.10,Kurunji Nagar, ,and 493/1A, Veppanthattai Ind/(MMB1)Dept. 08.12.2009 No.1 Tolgate, dt.13.10.2009 to 07.12.2029 Trichy -621216

5 Aathi international, 449/1A(P), V.Kalathur & 1.00.0 Hects G.O.(3D)No.19/Ind/( 20 years Sakthi towers, 449/4 (P), Veppanthattai MMB1)Dept. 29.04.10 57/1, 8th Cross street , 449/5B (P) and dt.15.04.2010 to Shenoy nagar, 450 Part 28.04.2030 Chennai – 30.

6 Thiru.K.Jaganathan 104/7,104/8, Chittaly, & 1.11.5 G.O. (3D) No. 47 Ind. 20 years S/o.R.Karuppana 104/9A, Kunnam Tk (MMB-1) Dept. 15.10.2010 Goundar, 106/1B2, dt 07.10.2010 to No.64, 106/1C and 14.10.2030 Karuvampalayam 106/4 Extn.(post), Taluk 7 Thiru.R.Sriram, 309/1,314/1an Keelapuiyur & 1.77.5 G.O. (3D) No. 5 Ind. 20 years FF Adhi home, d 314/4B1 KunnamTk (MMB-1) Dept. 09.02.2011 Parsn Sristi Dt. 03.02.2011 to Apartment ,(Opp) 08.02.2031 Fathima College, Madurai -625018 8 Thiru.R.Sriram, 314/12 etc., Keelapuiyur & 2.57.0 G.O. (3D) No. 16 Ind. 20 years FF Adhi home, KunnamTk (MMB-1) Dept. 3.11.2017 Parsn Sristi Dt.22.09.2017 to Apartment ,(Opp) 02.11.2037 Fathima College, Madurai -625018

17

9 Thiru.A.Mohamed, 263/2(P),263/6, Neikuppai & 2.02.5 G.O (3D) No.26 20 years No.4, Salafi Nagar, 263/7,263/8 Veppanthattai Industries (MMB-1) 08.06.2018 Wireless Station Road, &264/6C(P) Tk Department Dated to Airport, Trichy-620 007 23.04.2018. 07.06.2038

10 Tvl.Siva Granite 372/2B,372/2A Keelapuliyur 1.54.84 G.O.(3D).No.41, 20 years Products,No.69/1, 2,372/2A1(Part) (Sourth), Industries(MMB-1) 08.10.2018 Ramakrishna ,357/1(Part),37 Kunnam Department to road,rajeswari Tower, 3/1A dated.19.09.2018 07.10.2038 Salem-636 007 .

11 Thiru.R.Venkatesh 161/3(Part), Neikuppai, 1.74.5 G.O.(3D).No.40, 20 years Babu,5/686, Periyar 161/7A(Part) Veppanthattai Industries(MMB-1) 08.10.2018 Street, Opposite to Department to Collectorate, dated.19.09.2018 07.10.2038 -636 705

18

3 (v). ROUGH STONE:

Date of grant of lease Sl. Location of the area (Survey Lease Area Name and address of the lessee (Original and Period of lease No No.) village and Taluk (Hects) subsequent renewals)

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 P.Mohanraj, s/o. Periyasamy, 120/2A, 1A, Block 2 (North), 10 Years R.C.No.16/G&M/ 2010 12, South Street, Aranarai, 1.00.0 From : 22.03.2010 dated 05.03.2010 Aranarai (P.O) Perambalur To : 21.03.2020 Perambalur.

2 R.Abdulrahuman, S/o.Rajamohamad, 120/2A, 1A, Block 3 (North), 10 Years 47E, Vengatesapuram, Perambalur- R.C.No.17/G&M/ 2010 Aranarai, 1.00.0 From : 25.05.2010 Tk & Dt. dated 19.03.2010 Perambalur To : 24.05.2020

3 S.Vijayakumar, 300/1 Block 3 10 Years S/o.Swaminathan, Naranamangalam, Rc.No.28/G&M/2010, From : 01.07.2010 No.9A, New No.10, Perambalur. 0.40.0 To : 30.06.2020 Collector Office Road, dated 19.03.2010 Candonment, Trichy-1

4 N.Jayaraman S/o.Nallur Counder 200 Block 7, Vengalam, RC.No.31/G&M/ 2010, 10 Years 1.00.0 Krishnapuram Veppanthattai, Perambalur. Dated 19.03.2010 From : 16.07.2010 Veppanthattai To : 15.07.2020

19

5 K.Raja, 10 Years S/o. Krshnasamy, 329/Block 3, Kalarampatti, R.C.No.13/G&M/ 2010 1.00.0 From : 14.07.2010 196F/5B New Vengatesapuram, Perambalur dated 19.03.2010 To : 23.07.2020 Perambalur.

6 R.Vijayakumar, 10 Years S/o.Raja, 329 Block 2, Kalarampatti, R.C.No.12/G&M/ 2010 1.00.0 From : 14.07.2010 106F/5B, Perambalur dated 19.03.2010 New Vengatesapuram , Perambalur. To : 23.07.2020

7 P.Krishnan, 231/2 S/o Periyasamy, RC.No.756/ 2008 0.26.0 10 Years Eraiyur V Chinnaru, 36-Eraiyur, Dated 04.07.2008 From : 23.08.2010 Veppanthattai Tk Veppanthattai Tk. Perambalur-Dt. To : 22.08.2020

8 A. Durairaj 10 Years 52 Sivankovil street 52/1 Block 11, Sengunam, RC.No.146/G&M/2010, 1.00.0 From : 16.09.2010 Post , Perambalur Dated 15.09.2010 Perambalur Tk & Dt To : 15.09.2020

9 P.Duraikrishna S/o.Pichaimuthu 200 Part 9, Vengalam, R.C.No.32/G&M/2010 10 Years Sathanavai Veppanthattai 1.00.0 Dated 19.03.2010 From : 17.09.2010 Mettupalayam To : 16.09.2020 Veppanthattai Tk

10 B.Suresh 10 Years S/o.Palaraman 52/1 Block 14, Sengunam, RC.No.23/G&M/ 2010, 1.00.0 From : 12.07.2010 Eraiyur Post Perambalur Dated 19.03.2010. To : 11.10.2020 Veppanthattai.

20

11 G.Natarajan, 10 Years S/o.Govindasamy, No.116,South 120/2A1A Block5, Aranarai Rc.No.19/G&M/ 2010, 1.00.0 From : 13.07.2010 Street, Anukur Post, Veppanthattai (North), Perambalur Dated 19.03.2010. T.k, D.t. To : 12.10.2020

12 K.Senthilkumar, S/o.Kannusamy, 10 Years Ramaraj Nagar, Kaikalathur- P.O, 120/2A 1A Block 4, Aranarai RC.No.18/G&M/ 2010, 1.00.0 From : 13.07.2010 Veppanthattai T.k, Perambalur (N), Perambalur Dated 19.03.2010 To : 12.10.2020 District.

13 V.Jagadeesan S/o.Veerasamy 200(Part 10), Vengalam (E), RC.No.33/G&M/2010, 1.00.0 10 Years Neikuppai Veppanthattai, Perambalur. Dated 19.03.2010 From : 25.10.2010

Veppanthattai Tk To : 24.10.2020 Perambalur Dt

14 P.R.S.Saravanaraj, S/o.Rangan, 10 Years 328/2 Block 32 Kalpladi (N) Rc.No.15/G&M/ 2010 Door.No.14, 1.00.0 From : 27.11.2010 Perambalur dated 19.03.2010 Kamaraj Street, To : 26.11.2020 , Chennai – 75

15 Thiru.Balunagaraj, S/o.Nagaraj, 10 Years K.Eriyur Road, 328/2 Block 31, Kalpadi (N), R.C.No.236/G&M/2010 1.00.0 From : 10.02.2011 Perali Village, Perambalur Taluk & Perambalur dated 01.02.2011 To : 09.02.2021 District.

21

16 M.K.Rajendran, S/o Krishnasamy, 52/1 Block 13 10 Years RC.No.238/G&M/2010, Indira Nagar, Sengunam V 1.00.0 From : 18.02.2011 Dated 14.01.2011 Elambalur Po., Perambalur Tk. To : 17.02.2021 Perambalur.

17 T. Mohan, S/o.Thangam, 10 Years 52/1 Block 15 Sengunam, Rc.No.24/G&M/ 2010 C/o.Duraisamy, Vadakkumadhavi 1.00.0 From : 19.05.2011 Perambalur Dated 19.03.2010 Road, Perambalur Taluk & Dt. To : 18.05.2021

18 P. Senthilkumar. S/o.Ponnusamy, 10 Years 55/1 Block 1 Perambalur (N), 25/G&M/2010 Dated 255/DA15,Ram Nagar, 1.00.0 From : 18.05.2011 Perambalur. Perambalur 19.03.2010 To : 17.05.2021

19 P.Sivakumar, S/o.Ponnusamy, 10 Years 328/2 Block 33 Kalpadi (N) 237/G&M/2010 dated No.5A/79F, H3.N2, 1.00.0 From : 31.05.2011 Perambalur. 17.05.2011 Elambalur Road, To : 30.05.2021 Perambalur. 20 V.Panneerselvam, 10/1 ,Block 22 10 years S/o.Veerasamy, Padalur From : 31.05.2011 Rc.No.164/G&M/ 10 South Street, Perambalur 1.00.0 To : 30.05.2021 Thennamanadu Post, dated 14.09.2010 Orathanadu Taluk, Thanjauoor District. 21 V.Palaniyandi 93/1 Block 1, Keelapulizur, 10 Years S/o.Velayutham Kunnam, Perambalur. RC.No.162/G&M/ 2010, 0.60.0 From : 16.12.2010 Ranjankudi Dated 24.11.2010. To : 15.12.2020 Veppanthattai Tk

22

22 V.Palaniyandi 93/3 Block 2, Keelapulizur, RC.No.163/G&M/ 10 Years S/o.Velayutham Kunnam Perambalur. 2010, 0.40.0 From : 16.12.2010 Ranjankudi Dated 24.11.2010 To : 15.12.2020 Veppanthattai Tk 23 Thiru.P.Kalaiselvan, 139/1 (P), 5 years From: S/o.Ponnusamy, Esanai, Rc.no.730/2008/G&M 1.00.0 25.10.2017 15, Vinayagar Street, Perambalur dated.04.10.2017 , To : 24.10.2021 Trichy District. 24 Tmt.Kalaiselvi,W/o.Thiru.K.Nallatham 328/2, Block-25 bi, Kalpadi(North) Village, Perambalur Kalpadi (N) Perambalur. Rc.no.240/2011/G&M 3 years 1.00.0 From: 24.01.2018 Tk & Dt. dated.27.11.2017 To : 23.01.2021

25 Tmt.S.Dhanalakshmi, 300/1(Block-1) 5 years W/o.Swaminathan, No.10, Collector Naranamangalam, Alathur Rc.no.230/2017/G&M From: 18.06.2018 3.26.0 Office Road, Tiruchirappalli-620001 dated.23.05.2018 To : 17.06.2023

26 Thiru.V.Kamalasekar, S/o. Thiru. 300/1(Block-4) 5 years Venkatachalam, 3/48, Naranamangalam, Alathur Rc.no.232/2017/G&M From: 18.06.2018 1.20.0 Maniyankuruchi road, Padalur Post, dated.23.05.2018 To : 17.06.2023 Alathur Taluk, Perambalur District 27 Thiru.N.Natarajan, 300/1,300/2(Block-2) 5 years S/o.Thiru.Narayanasamy, 93F/3AB/2, Naranamangalam, Alathur Rc.no.231/2017/G&M From: 18.06.2018 1.20.0 Venkatesapuram, Perambalur – dated.23.05.2018 To : 17.06.2023 621212 28 Thiru.C.Gowtham, 48/1(Block-3) 5 years S/o.Thiru. Chinnasamy, Irur, Rc.no.234/2017/G&M From: 25.06.2018 8F Collector Office Road, Alathur 2.35.5 dated.23.05.2018 To : 24.06.2023 Burma Colony, Trichy -620 001

23

29 Thiru.I.Boominathan, 48/1(Block-4) 5 years S/o.Thiru.S.Ilavarasan, Irur, From: 25.06.2018 Malaiyadivaram, Alathur Rc.no.235/2017/G&M 2.00.0 To : 24.06.2023 Chettikulam(P.o), dated.23.05.2018

Alathur(Tk), Perambalur District 30 B.Karpagam, 3/5(P),3/6A(P),5/5(P) W/o.Baskaran, Padalur(E) 5 years Thiruvalakuruchi, Alathur Rc.no.6/2017/G&M 1.45.0 From: 24.01.2018 Padalur (East) Village, dated.11.01.2018 To : 23.01.2023 Alathur Taluk, Perambalur District. 31 M.Baskaran, 4(1)(P),4(2)(P),7(3)(P) 5 years S/o.MuthuRediyar , Padalur(E) Rc.no.54/2016/G&M Thiruvalakuruchi, Alathur 2.00.0 From: 24.01.2018 Padalur (East) Village, dated.11.01.2018 To : 23.01.2023 Alathur Taluk, Perambalur District. 32 Thiru.P.A.Paranthaman, 209/5,6,7,8,9,10,11,210/1,21 5 years S/o.R.Panneerselvam, 11, Nadu 0/8,211,8& 211/9 Rc.No.55/2016/G&M 3.68.0 From: 24.01.2018 Udayar Street, Nattaramangalam9V), dt.24.01.2018 Melakalkandar Kottai, Alathur (Tk) To : 23.01.2023 Trichy-620 011 33 Thiru.P.A.Paranthaman, 449/1B(Part, 5 years S/o.R.Panneerselvam, 11, Nadu 287/1,287/2A& 288/2A Rc.No.41/2016/G&M 3.24.0 From: 24.01.2018 Udayar Street, Melakalkandar Kottai, Chettikulam & dt.24.01.2018 Trichy-620 011 Nattaramangalam9V), To : 23.01.2023 Alathur (Tk)

24

CHAPTER IV MINERAL WISE REVENUE COLLECTION FOR LAST THREE YEARS (2015-16 to 2017-18)

MAJOR MINERALS MINOR MINERALS LEASE DEA APPLICATION Royalty SEIGNIORAGE FEE AMOUN BRICK AREA ASSESSMENT D PENALTY FEE T RENT

YEAR Any Any ( etc.,) ( S.R, D.R. S.R,

Fee nite Marl Sand Earth Stone Stone Stone Stone Gravel Gravel Penalty & Inters Inters & Penalty Gypusm Fire clay Fire clay Fire Stone/Sand Stone/Sand Brick/F.clay Registration Registration Fee Mineral Annual Compensation, Annual Brick APPLICATION FEES,APPLICATION Brick Gravel/ Black Granite Black Granite Black Granite Black LIMESTONE Fireclay Earth/ Fireclay/B.Gra 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 121314151618192021232425 26

0 0 0 0 0 - 200 286 3000 5000 14600 79819 10000 377529 114375 132590 707135 877605 362050 523460 2014-15 2351445 7118000 2749010 43913385 109354611

0 0 0 0 0 - 300 250 6000 4500 5000 76015 18000 73440 77280 124876 825795 392463 545824 664790 417400 696570 2015-16 2583856 7519000 76342921 33859910 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 5000 69067 12000 23000 18000 90000 252361 113266 181002 132000 107275 424153 615724 252040 767600 2016-17 3531367 6691750 1830812 27106804 26159380

25

CHAPTER V Details of production of sand / Bajari / minor minerals in the last three years (2015-16 to 2017-18)

Presently no sand mining is active in Perambalur district. However, a study has to be carried out to understand the rate of replenishment of sand along the major rivers (i.e. Vellar) in order to identify the locality for sand excavation.

26

CHAPTER - VI

GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

As per 2001 Census, the total Population of Perambalur District is 4,93,646. The density of population in the district is 322 per sq km. Perambalur District is centrally located in TamilNadu and is 267 K.M away, in southern direction, from Chennai. The District has an area of 3691 sq km. spread between 10.54’ and 11.30’ degree Northern latitude and 78.40’ and 79.30’ degree of the Eastern longitude.

It is an inland district without coastal line. The District has Vellar River in the North and it has well marked natural divisions. The PACHAMALAI hill situated on the North boundary of Perambalur is the most important hill in the district.

6.1. Flora and Fauna :

The Flora and Fauna of the district are fairly rich and varied. As regards Fauna, big animals like Elephants and Bisons are not found in the district whereas spotted deer wild boars, Peacocks, Common monkeys, Jackals, Poisonous and non poisonous snakes etc.

6.2. Minerals and mining:

The District is fairly rich in mineral deposits. Lime Stone, Shale, Sand Stone, Kankar and Phosphate nodules occur at various places in the district. A good deal of building stone (rough stone) is quarried in Perambalur, Kunnam and Veppanthattai and Alathur Taluks.

6.3. Agriculture:

Sugarcane is grown as a major commercial crop. The Public Sector factory Perambalur Sugar Mills at Eraiyur is functioning in the district with a crushing capacity of 3000 Tonnes per Day. The pre-dominate soil in the district is red sanding with scattered pockets of black soil . The soil in the district is best suited for raising dry crops. The district has a high means of temperature and low degree of humidity.

6.4. Transport and Communication:

Perambalur is an important road junction on the Chennai –Madurai National Highways (NH-45). The District has well knit road system connecting various important centres in the region.

27

6.5. Tourist Interest:

Ranjankudi Fort is located about 17 Kms north of Perambalur . The Fort was built by Jaginthar under Nawab of Carnatic in the 17th century AD. The Fort was the scene of battle of Valikondah between the British and Mohamed Ali on one side and Chandha Sahib and the French on the other side in 1751 AD. This Fort is under protection of Archaeological Survey of India.

The ancient Arulmigu Ekambareswarar and Thandayudhapani Swamy Temples are situated in Chettikulam village and was built by King Kulasekara Pandiyan 800 years ago. Thai Poosam festival and Panguni Uthiram festivals are celeberated in a grand manner.Mathura Kali Amman at Siruvachur is one of the most popular shrine in the district. The presiding deity of the temple is known as Sri. Madura Kali Amman. She is one of the forms of Kali.

6.6. Fossil tree at Sathanur :

Geological study shows that more than 120 million years ago, the sea (which lies today about 100 km. East of Sathanur) had transgressed as far as 8 to 10 Km West of Sathanur. During this period which is Geologically known as the cretaceous, the sea abounded in a variety of marine animals similar to those found in the present day sea. These animals, after death, sank to the bottom and were buried by sands and clays brought down by the rivers. Along with them some of the trees which flourished on the seacoast or near shore were also buried after transport by flooded streams and were petrified in course of time. The large trunk of a petrified tree, which can be seen here, lies within the Trichinopoly group of rocks of about 100,000,000 years ago. This tree shows the presence of Conifers (The non flowering plants) that dominated the land vegetation prior to the advent of Angiosperms (the flowering plants of the present of day).

The petrified tree trunk at Sathanur measures over 18 metres in length. Similar fossil trees measuring a few meters in length are found along the stream sections near Varagur, Anaipadi, Alundalipur and Saradamangalam. Dr.M.S.Krishnan of the Geological Survey of India first reported this fossil tree in 1940.This Fossil Tree is an important tourist site of the District.

28

6.7. Administration :

4 1. Total No. of Taluks : (Perambalur, Veppanthattai, Kunnam & Alathur)

4 2. Total No. of Panchayat Blocks : (Perambalur, Veppanthattai, Alathur & Veppur)

3. Total No. of Revenue Villages : 152

4. Total No. of Village Panchayats : 121

4 (Poolambady, Arumbavoor, Kurumbalur, 5. Total No. of Town Panchayat : Lebbaikudykadu)

6. Total No.of Municipality : 1 (Perambalur)

REVENUE DEVELOPMENT

Total No. of Total No. of Name of the Taluk Name of the Blocks Revenue Villages Village Panchayats

1) Perambalur 27 1) Perambalur 20

2) Veppanthattai 39 2) Veppanthattai 29

3) Kunnam 47 3) Alathur 39

4) Alathur 38 4) Veppur 33

Total 131 Total 111

29

CHAPTER VII

LAND UTILISATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT

According to the village record data provided by the revenue authorities, the total geographical area of the district is 175736 hectares. Out of this, only89127 hectares (50.72%) were Net area sown. 26268hectares (14.94%) were kept as fallow lands. The lands put to non-agricultural purposes occupy 26890(15.30 %) hectares (Table 1 and Fig. 3). The cultivable wastelands of 2687 (1.53%) hectares can be brought in to agricultural uses by suitable measures.

Table 1. Details of land use pattern in Perambalur district.

Source : District Census Handbook, Perambalur, 2011

30

Figure 3. Land utilisation pattern of Perambalur district.

31

CHAPTER VIII

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT The district has no coastline. The Vellar riverflow in the north and has no well- marked natural divisions. The Pachamalai hill situated on the north of Perambalur is the most important hill in the district. The average height of the hill is 610 metres though a few of its peaks rise to about 1036 meters above the mean sea level. Mostly, the district is dry. Pachamalai (hill) which spread over with a few places on high ranges is a haven for the tribals of this region. Pachai means ‘green’ and malai means ‘mountainor hill’. Myluthu falls is located on the foot hills of Pachamalai, a place of scenic beauty. It is about 15kms away from Perambalur. The major part of the district is an undulating pediplain with ‘inselbergs’ and residual hills (Fig. 4).

Figure 4. Geomorphological map of the Perambalur district.

32

CHAPTER -IX

RAINFALL DATA MONTH-WISE Perambalur district experience mostly hot weather although the . The mean maximum actural temperature varies from month to month, the highest was recorded during May 2011 with 38.9degree celsius. The district has a high mean temperature and low degree of humidity. Even though the region does not have an extreme climate, the summer months are quite hot and the difference between maximum and minimum temperature is moderate. With little moisture during the early months of the year, the atmosphere is dry. The winter season is pleasant and enjoyable. By March, the Mercury acquires an uptrend and the temperature increase during the course of time. This trend of the barometer indicates the ushering of summer with its hot days. The hot season continue until the southwest monsoon sets in. With the effect of northeast monsoon during Oct-Dec, the district receives the highest rainfall. The average rainfall in the district reported high compared to the State average. The average normal rainfall in the State during 2010-11 was 911.6mm, less than the average normal rainfall of Perambalur district (1019.4 mm) during the same period. In 2010-11, the district had received 815.4mm of actual rainfall. The precipitation level during northeast monsoon, southwest monsoon and remaining winter and hot weather periods account for 47%, 37% and 16% respectively. The table (Table 2) below gives the actual and normal rainfall (mm) in the district during the south-west, north-east monsoon, winter and hot weather seasons during 2009-10. Rainfall in the district, month wise is given table 3.

Table 2. The actual and normal rainfall (mm) in the district. Seasons Actual Normal

SW Monsoon (Jun '09 - Sep '09) 210.4 349.6

NE Monsoon (Oct '09 - Dec '09) 435.3 449.6

Winter Season (Jan '10 - Feb '10) 32.5 34.5

Hot Season (Mar '10 - May '10) 82.0 120.6

33

Table 3. Rainfall data of the Perambalur district during 2012-2016.

YEAR 2012 2013 2014 2016

R/F 0 0.8 0 0 JAN %DEP -100 -94 -100 -100 R/F 0 12.3 0.3 0 FEB %DEP -100 48 -96 -100 R/F 0 10.3 0 0 MAR %DEP -100 -19 -100 -100 R/F 44 16.4 0 0 APR %DEP 43 -47 -100 -100 R/F 34.4 33.9 182.7 168.5 MAY %DEP -47 -48 179 158 R/F 3.1 20.8 23.6 42.5 JUN %DEP -90 -36 -28 30 R/F 64.5 5.5 47.5 96.8 JUL %DEP 28 -89 -6 92 R/F 31.5 160 167 47.3 AUG %DEP -62 95 104 -42 R/F 50.5 153.8 44.8 84.3 SEPT %DEP -60 22 -64 -33 R/F 198.1 125.3 241.7 63.6 OCT %DEP 4 -34 27 -67 R/F 68.5 146.5 58.9 29.3 NOV %DEP -56 -5 -62 -81 R/F 3.5 40.3 45.3 34.3 DEC %DEP -96 -58 -52 -64

34

CHAPTER –X

GEOLOGY AND MINERAL WEALTH OF THE DISTRICT:

The north and western part of the district is mainly covered (> 80 %) with Archaean rocks and is mainly comprises of Hornblende Gneiss and Chaornockite and the eastern part is covered with cretaceous sediments (Fig. 5). The rocks are distributed along the east-west tract in central Tamil Nadu confined between Bhavani – Attur lineament in the north and Noyil – Cauvery lineament in the south (Subramanian and Selvan, 2001). Similar rocks are also known in the northwestern part of the state in . The equivalents of Sakarsanahalli (Sargur) supracrustals are described in Dimbam–Tattakarai areas of Kollegal – terrane (GSI, 1998).Though the Sathyamangalam Group of rocks are said to be exposed within the Bhavani gneiss in the E-W trending belt in central Tamil Nadu in parts of , Salem, Namakkal, Perambalur and Tiruchirapalli districts.

Figure 5. Geological map with location of the Perambalur district.

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Peninsular Gneissic Complex– I

A group of gneisses in the central part of Tamil Nadu show a roughly east-west trend and extend from Kerala in the west through parts of Coimbatore, , Salem, Namakkal, Tiruchirapalli and Perambalur districts, to the east coast. The typical exposures of this gneissic group are seen around the Bhavani town and hence these gneisses have been named as ‘Bhavani Group’ (GSI, 1998). The different constituents of Bhavani Group of gneisses are fissile and banded mica gneiss, quartzo-feldspathic gneiss, augen gneiss, hornblende gneiss, hornblende biotite gneiss, biotite gneiss, etc. They vary in composition and texture. While part of them may represent ‘para’ and ‘ortho’ gneisses, part of them are their migmatitic equivalents. Gopalakrishnan et al (1975), who coined the term Bhavani gneiss, considers that these gneisses are comparable to the Peninsular Gneisses of Karnataka and these may be linked geologically and geographically.

Though the Bhavani gneisses have been equated with the peninsular gneisses of Karnataka and kept stratigraphically in between the high-grade schists and greenstone belts, some ambiguity still exists. The distribution of the Bhavani gneisses along and in proximity to prominent shear zones, their interrelationship with charnockite and the limited geochronological data available indicate that gneisses may, in part or full, represent the retrograded/ migmatised part of charnockite. Some of the workers who mapped the Kollimalai charnockite and the gneisses in the Cauvery valley immediate to the south of Kollimalai and Pachchamalai have considered the gneisses younger to the charnockites (Natarajan and Singanenjam, 1987).

Charnockite Group

The Charnockite Group, comprising of charnockite, pyroxene granulite, banded magnetite quartzite and thin pink quartzo-feldspathic granulite are extensively developed in the north-eastern sector of the state and are well exposed in many prominent hill ranges such as – Chengleput, Javadi, Shevroy, Chitteri and Kalrayan. In central Tamil Nadu Kollimalai and Pachchaimalai hills and Nilgiri hills in west central Tamil Nadu represent Charnockite Group of rocks. The pyroxene granulite of Charnockite Group are considered to represent mafic volcanics, the banded magnetite quartzite indicates a volcanic exhalative origin, while the pink granulite is interpreted to represent the associated acid volcanics (Gopalakrishnan et. Al., 1976, Suganvanam et.al., 1978). In contrast to the essentially

36 sedimentary parentage of the Khondalite Group, the Charnockite Group appears to be of igneous / volcanic parentage derivatives.

Charnockite which occur in different provinces of Tamil Nadu are different not only in age and space but also in the geological mileu. The charnockites falling to the north of Bhavani shear zone and west of shear zone, (Dimbam-Talawadi and Tattakarai- Tamarakkarai areas) enclose linear bands of fuchsite quartzite, kyanite-sillimatite-garnet schist/gneiss, magnetite quartzite and meta ultra mafics. These charnockites are considered to have been derived from the prograde metamorphism of the Peninsular gneiss and the associated Sargur type supracrustals of Dharwar craton (Srivastava and Kanishkan, 1977). This association is seen in the Nilgiri hills also.

Marine Cretaceous Sediments

The exposures of the marine Cretaceous formation are limited to detached outcropping patches, namely, , Tiruchchirappalli, Vriddachalam in Tamil Nadu and in the Union Territory of Puducherri. The areal extent of the Thanjavur exposure (Vredenberg 1910) is perhaps the smallest (exposures are only from well sections) and poorly known; and the one in the erstwhile Tiruchchirappalli district is the largest and best developed (70 km by 45 km).

Marine Cretaceous rocks distributed in 1) Tiruchirapalli, 2) Vriddhachalam and 3) sub basins have been lithostratigraphically divided into different groups. In Tiruchirappalli sub basin these are divided into three groups viz. 1) Uttattur, 2) Trichinopoly and 3) Ariyalur .In the three sub-basins, these groups are variously classified into different formations lithostrartigraphically and are shown separately in the legend. The different formations in the three sub-basins are not mutually correlated.

In the Tiruchirapalli sub-basin, the Uttattur Group is divisible into Lower Arogyapuram Formation(Albian), middle Maruvattur Formation (Late Albian) made up of limestone, mud and clay and Upper Karai Formation (Late Albian – early ) consisting of gypseous clay and sandstone with lenses of limestone. The Maruvattur Formation is also termed as Dalmiapuram Formation (Sundaram et. al. 2001). The limestone is fossiliferous with abundant lamellibranchs, gastropods and lesser association of corals. Sastry et. Al, 1968) delineated the Uttatur Group into three zones viz., Scholenbachia inflate zone, Calycoceras newboldi zone and Mammites conciliatum zone based on the study of

37 ammonites and suggested an age range form Albian to Lower Turonian. Lower and middle parts of Karai Formation contain rich Late Albian and Cenomanian fossils respectively (Sastry et al., 1968, Ayyasami 1990). Its upper beds contain ammonites of Early Turonian age. Venkatachalapathy and Ragothaman (1995) suggested Late Aptian or Early Albian to Late Turonian.

Trichinopoly Group is divided into Kulakkalnattam Formation (Turonian) made up of sandstone and clay with shell limestone and calcareous limestone, overlain (late Turonian to Conacian) by Anaipadi Foramtion comprising shale, silt, limestone and sandstone with bands of calcareous grit. The famous 26 m long fossil tree in Sattanur village discovered by Dr. M.S. Krishnan in 1940 preserved in the lower beds of Kulakkkalnattam Formation and the giant ammonites preserved in Anaipadi Formation are characteristic features of this group. The coquinite which is popularly known as Trichinopoly marble is light to dark grey and carries lamellibraches and gastropods of varied sizes in abundance; occasional ammonites are also found. Anaipadi Formation is richly fossiliferous with plenty of molluscan fauna and ammonites, particularly Lewiceras and Eutrephoceras. One of the best fossil localities is the nala section east of Anaipadi village. The lower member of the Anaipadi Formation more or less corresponds with Lewessiceras vaju zone and Kossmaticeras theobaldianum zone (dated upper Turonian) and Conacian by Sastry et al (1968)). The upper member contains a less diverse ammonite fauna, assigned to the Plaenticeras tamulicum zone and placed at .

The Ariyalur Group (Ka) rest over the Trichinopoly Group with an unconformity and is essentially made up of sandstone, limestone and shale. This group is divided into Sillakkudi (Santonian to Campanian) Kallankurichci (early Maastrichtion) and Kallamedu Formations (Mid and late ) in the ascending order (Sundaram, 1976, 1977 and Sundaram and Rao, 1981, Sundaram e et. al. 2001). The Sillakudi sandstone is fossiliferous; giant sized inoceramus fossils are preserved besides ammonites like Hauericeras. Biostratigraphically the Sillakkudi Formation is recognised as Karapadites Karapadense Zone by Sastry et al (1972) and was assigned Campanian age. Fossils commonly noticed in Kallankurichi Formation are gryphea, inoceramus, pycnodonte and bryozoans. Ammonites (Hauericeras rembda) indicate a Maastrichtian age (Ayyasami 1990, Sastry et al 1968). In Kallamedu Formation, fossils (lamellibranches, rudistids, echinoids and bryozoans) are commonly found around Ootakkovil village. In the higher horizons fossils are very rare. Dinosaurian remains are reported from the sandstone beds in the vicinity of Kallamedu

38 village. Fossils ammonites and rudistids indicate Maestrichtian age (Ayyamsami 1990). Planktic foraminifera indicate a late Maastrichtian age. In this basin, the beds in general are subhorizontal to low dipping (5-15) towards ESE.

MINERAL WEALTH OF THE DISTRICT

In Perambalur District Minerals of Economic importance are mainly Gypsum, Kankar, varieties of black granites (Dimensional stones), rough stone (aggregates), limestone, fireclay and gravel/earth.

Sedimentary Limestone:

In Tiruchirapalli and Perambalur the non-crystalline limestone deposits occur over an area of 400 sq km in Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments between River Coleroon in the south and Vellar in the north. All along the western contact with the Archaeans there are a number of small but scattered deposits of reefoidal limestone of Cretaceous age starting from Olaippadi in the north to in south, at Kallai, Paravay, Pudur, Andur, Maruvattur, Kalpadi, Varugapadi, Karai, Terani, Neykulam and Tirupattur. Along the southern boundary of the Cretaceous rocks reefoidal limestone and other clastic are found near Dalmiapuram in the villages of and Kallakudi. Further northeast of Dalmiapuram, limestone is found around Kilpaluvur in the Sillakkudi Formation of Ariyalur Group occurring in juxtaposition with the crystalline rocks of Archaean age. The limestone extends over a strike length of 6 km. with an outcrop width of 200 to 700 m. Potential reserves are likely to be above 6-8 million tonnes. Analyitcal data indicate CaO content of the order of 40- 45% and R2O3 content of 4-6%.

Black granite:

The basic dykes intruded in the BHavani Group of rocks forms the major source for the black granite resource in the district. The basic dykes are mainly Dolerite in composition and trendes along the NE-SW direction the width of the individual dyke’s ranges from 10-15 m with limited exposure of length along the strike.

Rough stone quarry:

The chornockite covers significant aerial extent of the district and becomes major production for gravel and building material. The Chornockite is mainly bluish grey in colour fine to coarse grained and occasionally contains visible garnets at places. The Chornockite forms small hillocks/mounts in the western part of the District.

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Gypsum

The most important deposits of gypsum in Tamil Nadu occur in Perambalur and Lalgudi taluks in the ‘bad land’ between Chittali (11°15' : 78°59') in the north and Tappay (10°50' : 78°55') and Periakurukkai (11°02': 79°50') in the south in an area of 56 sq. km. Gypsum occurs in the clays as disseminated crystals and in undulating layers, rarely exceeding 3.04 to 4.58 m. in length with thickness varying from 0.6 to 12.5 cm. Analyses of samples show CaSO4, 2H2O content from 81.44 to 87.14%. It generally varies from 1.25 to 3.1% by volume of the strata in which it is enclosed. The reserves estimated are of the order of 15.60 million tonnes within a depth of 16 m. The State Geology Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu, carried out investigation of the gypsum bearing Cretaceous strata of Lalgudi and Perambalur taluks and assessed reserves of the order of 13.90 million tonnes for a depth of 15 m.

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CHAPTER – XI

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the studies carried out over a short span of time the following recommendations are made; 1. Perambalur district has very few streams/rivers that are capable of producing good amount of sand. However, detailed study along the major rivers (i.e. Vellar) to be carried out to identify the zone of deposition of sand and to understand their rate of replenishment. 2. Perambalur District has very large deposits of Charnockite rock which is the raw material for the production of aggregates and M-sand. M-sand is the need of the hour to replace the utilisation of river sand. The Charnockite / Rough Stones are crushed in the crushing units for the manufacture of aggregates and M-sand which gives direct and indirect employment to the local people. Preferences and encouragements can be given to the Entrepreneurs for set up of new units for the production of M-sand. 3. The occurrences and extension of the dolerite dykes (black granite) may probably be explored in the gap areas in the gneissic terrain to enhance the state revenue as well as for sustainable development.

Deputy Director (i/c) District Collector Geology and Mining Perambalur Perambalur

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