Sustainable Development of Nizampatnam Rurban - a Model Study P

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019

Sustainable Development of Nizampatnam Rurban - a Model Study P. Sri Poojitha, K. Rajasekhara Reddy

Abstract: Urbanisation is taking place at a rapid phase in the economic and socio-cultural aspects for the development India due to employment opportunities, education, entertainment, of rural areas represents rurban areas [1]. The aims of rurban comforts, transportation, economic activities and better mission and its optimistic way of approach, focusing on amenities. Both central and state government are giving more smart villages and regional development are the only ways thrust for augmenting infrastructure in urban areas and less importance is given to rural areas. Around 60% of the population to improve the rural areas in India [2]. The development of in India is living in rural areas and depending on agriculture and rural areas through smart village system, information allied activities. As agriculture has become non-remunerative technology and socio-economic development and concluded people from rural areas are migrating to urban areas in search of that the development of villages is boosted by extending the job. Migration of rural people to urban area can be reduced only concept of smart villages which also improve the socio- when agriculture becomes sustainable remunerative and economic development of the nation [3]. The water supply infrastructure and amenities are developed on par with urban areas. Concept of rurban is introduced with an objective of and sanitary conditions for the peri urban and rurban areas providing amenities on par with urban in rural areas. This paper can be carried out by using GIS and ground survey [4]. aims at study of existing infrastructure in Nizampatnam. Environmental sustainability, smart village concept of the Collecting the expectations of the stakeholders, identifying the village differentiates the rurban clusters from the urban gap between the existing infrastructure and expectations, come areas [5]. The development of villages greatly increases the up with an infrastructure model for the study area. Existing socio-economic development of the nation [6]. According to infrastructure in the study area is collected, a survey is carried out among the stakeholders to understand their needs and shyama prasad Mukherji there are two types of clusters expectations and gap in infrastructure is identified. Also which is classified into tribal and non-tribal clusters [7]. A identified the schemes of state and central government under new mission called National Rurban Mission (D.O. No. J- rurban mission and various other schemes and evolved and the 12011/01/2016-RURBAN) (pt.1) is launched by the modes of finance. Appropriate infrastructure for sustainable government of India to provide such urban infrastructure, second green revolution is identified and presented. facilities and services to villages and village clusters there Index terms: Rural infrastructure, Rurban, Schemes, sources of funds. by initiating the development of rural areas [8]. Provision of Urban amenities to the Rural Areas (PURA-2004) is another I. INTRODUCTION scheme to provide allied facilities to the rural areas Government of India is also taking the initiative to provide In India on an average 63% of the total population is the funding for the development of village clusters through living in villages as per 2011 census. But now a days the various schemes and programmes [9]. Farmer S. Raju who migration of people from the rural to urban areas is lives in Ananthapur district has thrown away about 2 tonnes increasing on a large scale due to unemployment, inadequate of tomato after realized that he won’t get the transportation water supply, sanitary conditions lack of proper health care charges even if he sells it in the market [10]. In 2018 facilities, educational facilities, entertainment, farmers burnt chillies without even plunk from the fields in communications, agriculture has become non-remunerative Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states due to crash of prices and the due to employment opportunities in urban areas. As of chilli [11]. per 2011 census about 2.3 crores population is migrated As per the statistics of National crime Records Bureau from villages to town and 5 crores population is migrated there are 160 in 2014, 516 in 2015, 804 in 2016 farmers from one village to another village. Hence, there is a need to committed suicides due to debit trap [12]. focus on villages to improve income from the agriculture The area around the Nizampatnam, Guntur district, and allied activities the quality of life of rural people and to Andhra Pradesh is chosen as study area. Most of the study reduce the migration from the infrastructure, facilities and area is falling along the coast of Bay of Bengal. services to the villagers on par with urban areas. There are Nizampatnam Mandal has a population of 59,343 while the several individual sector schemes to provide such facilities main source of income for the Nizampatnam people are to rural people, but the implementation of such schemes is fishing, aqua fields and agriculture. The Mandal plays a not properly carried out due to various reasons. major role in education for the rural students of the nearby The development of large villages into urban areas on villages. Location map of Nizampatnam Mandal is given in non-farm basis development is converted as urban areas and Fig.1

Revised Manuscript Received on April 09, 2019. P. Sri Poojitha, PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation (Deemed to be University), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, A.P, India. K. Rajasekhara Reddy, Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation (Deemed to be University), Vaddeswaram, Guntur, A.P, India.

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11520476C219 /19©BEIESP 821 & Sciences Publication International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2019) | 21-23 March 2019 | K L Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, A.P. India

Identifying existing infrastructure in the study area

Conducting questionnaire survey

Identifying gap between existing and expectations of the stakeholders

Mapping of schemes and financial sources Fig.1- Location map of Nizampatnam Mandal

II. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE Cost estimation for the identified infrastructure Both the state and central government are focusing on providing infrastructure and improving amenities in urban areas only. Agriculture is the main sources of income in Proposing suitable infrastructure model

rural areas and now a days it has become non-remunerative. Fig. 2 - Flow chart of methodology adopted Fisher men are not able to get sufficient quantity of fish due to various reasons. Aqua culture farmers, fisher men and IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION agricultural farmers are getting debit trapped due to various Existing infrastructure is collected by visiting concerned reasons. On the other hand, no proper quality primary offices and stakeholders in study area. education, higher educational facilities, health care, employment opportunities due to which rural people are A. Existing Infrastructure migrating or thinking of migrating to urban areas in search Hospital: 30bedded capacity hospital. of employment, better education facilities and other Fishing harbour: 60 boats capacity harbour, at present amenities. There is a need to understand the infrastructure 200 mechanised boats with INCOIS information receiving requirements and expectations of the rural people for facility and 400 fibre boats are in operation, boat making improving their quality of life in all aspects on par with facility, boat repair facility are available urban people and to bring sustainable development. The Aqua farming: 300 hectares area with aerator and objective of the present investigation is to study the existing lighting facility, subsidized power supply, irrigation water infrastructure in the Nizampatnam area and to collect the supply, bores, aqua feed shop. expectations of stakeholders by carrying out questionnaire Farming: irrigation waters supply, bores, primary survey and identify the gaps as well as to prepare the processing (rice mills). estimation of identified infrastructure in rural areas and Schools: schools – 20no, junior colleges – 2no. propose a suitable model for Nizampatnam Rurban area. Civil amenities: Supply of salty water, LPG gas distribution facility, street lights, proper road network, septic III. METHODOLOGY tanks, fuel filling stations, community shelter, cyclone Literature review is carried out, existing infrastructure is shelter, wash rooms, pakka houses for limited people with collected by visiting various concerned offices. Stakeholders toilet facility and power supply. are identified, questionnaire survey is carried to understand B. Expectations of Stakeholders the requirement and expectations of various identified stakeholders. The gap between the existing infrastructure The lists of the stakeholders are identified for carrying and expectations of the stakeholder is identified. Various questionnaire survey. The stakeholders are agricultural schemes offered by govt. of India and govt. of Andhra farmers, aqua farmers, agricultural labour, aqua labour, Pradesh for improving the infrastructure and augmenting the fisher men, home makers, aged persons, students and boat facilities are identified and mapped with the infrastructure to owners which covers all the sectors in the Nizampatnam. be provided, cost required for fulfilling the gap in The questionnaire for these categories of people is prepared infrastructure and budget involved is estimated and separately to identify their needs and infrastructure required infrastructure model for sustainable development is for their respective sectors. By compiling the results of proposed. questionnaire survey, the infrastructure and services Detailed methodology adopted in the present study is required for the sustainable development of Nizampatnam given in Fig. 2 rurban are identified and presented in table 1.

Collection of literature

Understanding the rurban mission and schemes

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11520476C219 /19©BEIESP 822 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019

Table-1 Expectations of stakeholders garments, establishing Sector Infrastructure identified markets similar to rythu bazar or market days Farmers Individual storage facility covering all the villages (minimum 10MT capacity), bulk storage facility Aqua labour Personal Protective equipment, first aid and (3000MT), bores, better conduction of medical camp, amenities at village level market days, sales outlet, minimum facilities such as drinking water, alternative better establishment of road employment when there is network, power supply for no work in aqua farms. fields, value addition, forming farmers producing Aqua farmers Integrated cold chain facility organizations (FPO), advice which include 4000tonnes on crop selection and capacity cold storage, ice agricultural produce that can plant manufacturing facility, be sold locally, exposure packing facility, weighing, visit to model or progressive freezer van, access to farmers farms, Tractors, extension service officer, sowing, trans plantation and better road connectivity, harvesting machinery training on good practices, exposure visits to successful farms, training to get crop Agricultural labour Wages as per labour acts with acceptable level of

antibiotics, supply of kits for Fisherman Improving the boat making water quality inspection, facility, boat repair facility, exposure to cage culture, compensation for boats in recycled aquaponics system case of any damage, first aid (RAS), subsidised solar in all boats, conducting units to meet the power medical camps, expanding requirements of aerators, fishing harbour facility to pumps and motors and 400 boats, drying yard others, quality power supply. facility for fishes, storage Students Improvement in drinking facility, integrated cold water facility, washrooms, chain facility for fishes, Alternative employment playground, labs, sports tools, site visits, drainage during fishing holiday facility, library, hostels,

building repair, institutes, Home maker Quality drinking water Mid-day meals scheme with facility, drainage facility, nutritious and hygiene, upgraded facilities in improving the computer Nizampatnam hospital, facilities primary health centre in all villages, uninterrupted Aged persons Park, improvement of grave yards, library, generic power supply, strengthening medical store, pension for all Dwakra groups, strengthening Anganwadi, eligible aged persons market support for home- C. Gap Between Existing and Required Infrastructure made foods such as pickles, The gap between existing infrastructure and expectations of sweets and spices and the stakeholders is identified and presented in table 2.

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11520476C219 /19©BEIESP 823 & Sciences Publication International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2019) | 21-23 March 2019 | K L Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, A.P. India

Table 2 Gap between the existing infrastructure and expectations of stakeholders Infrastructure Existing infrastructure Expectations of the stakeholders Gap between the existing and expectations of the stakeholders Bulk storage 0 no. 3000MT 3000MT facility Individual storage Farmer level (minimum Separate godowns (10MT-30MT 10MT-30MT capacity facility 10MT capacity) capacity) Bores Partially available in all Any other mode of water sources Any other mode of water sources villages Power supply for Available for aqua fields Quality power supply Quality power supply fields Tractors, sowing, 120 no. of tractors, no Develop minimum 8 custom hiring Develop minimum 8 custom hiring trans plantation and custom hiring facility, facilities for Tractors, sowing, trans facilities for Tractors, sowing, trans harvesting limited facility for sowing plantation and harvesting machinery plantation and harvesting machinery machinery and harvesting, no and other agriculture machinery tools and other agriculture machinery tools transplantation facility and accessories and accessories Sales outlet for agri Nil 1 no. in each village and at least 5 in 1 no. in each village and at least 5 in produce Nizampatnam Nizampatnam Integrated cold 0 no. 4000 tonnes capacity cold storage, ice 4000 tonnes capacity cold storage, ice chain for aqua plant manufacturing facility, packing plant manufacturing facility, packing culture farmers facility, weighing, freezer van facility, weighing, freezer van Road network to Kaccha roads/cart track Formation of pakka roads for Formation of pakka roads for farms and aqua transportation of farm input and farm transportation of farm input and farm fields output, overlaying of roads output, overlaying of roads Boat making 3acres land, basic To strengthen with all facilities To strengthen with all facilities facility, boat repair facilities are available facility Extension of 60 boats capacity 400 boats capacity 340 boats capacity harbour capacity Drying yard Nil 10 acres land with 15000sq.m of area 10 acres land with 15000sq.m of area for drying for drying Drinking water Partial in 4 villages no Expecting protected water supply to Complete protected water supply facility facility in remaining all the villages system for all the villages villages Drainage facility Nil Drainage system in all villages Drainage system in all villages Toilet facility 90% of houses are having Rest of the 10% houses required toilet Rest of the 10% houses required toilet toilet facility facility, public toilets in Nizampatnam facility, public toilets in to be provided at 5 location Nizampatnam to be provided at 5 location Hospitals 1 no. of 30 bedded 7 primary health centres, improving 7 primary health centres, improving capacity the facilities in existing hospital the facilities in existing hospital Schools 20 no., Toilets (2 no. Improvement of all amenities in Improvement of all amenities in capacity) schools (Minimum of 5 for boys and 5 schools (Minimum of 5 for boys and for girls to be provided in all the 5 for girls to be provided in all the schools and colleges), English schools and colleges), English medium instructions in all the schools medium instructions in all the schools Degree colleges/ 2 no. junior colleges 1degree college 1 ITI 1degree college 1 ITI professional institutions Library, Available with very All the amenities to be improved All the amenities to be improved playground, labs, limited facilities sports tools, hostel Road network Flexible pavements Repairing of damaged roads with Repairing of damaged roads with (80km) proper shoulders, neem plantation proper shoulders, neem plantation along the roads and converting cart along the roads and converting cart tracks into flexible pavements tracks into flexible pavements Park Nil Park with minimum amenities Park with minimum amenities

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D. Mapping of Schemes and Cost Estimation for the identified infrastructure are mapped. Mapping of schemes Identified Infrastructure available with infrastructure to be created and cost The various schemes offered by both the Andhra Pradesh estimation is presented in table 3. and central governments that are best suited for the Table 3 Cost estimation for the identified infrastructure and suitable schemes Type of Capacity required Total cost Schemes Funds available Funds to be infrastructure mapped from scheme generated Individual 20 MT G.I sheet with trusses, 8m raising Rural 25% subsidy of the 75% of the cost to Storage Facility floor, cost of shed = Rs.4000 per Godown cost of shed and be bare by m2 assuming that we can Scheme amenities is offered beneficiaries accommodate 2.1MT per m2 area Gramin Access to banks and 2 categories / types of grains Bhandaran to be improved Yojana for beneficiaries Bulk Storage 3000MT Cost of Land= Rs. 50lakhs Godown and 25% subsidy of the 25 % of total cost facility Cost of shed = Rs.60lakhs Warehouse cost of shed and Other amenities=1lakh Creation amenities is offered Total cost = 111 lakhs Rural capital cost Godown Scheme Bores Available in most of Wells to be dug to a depth of No related None Total cost for the areas 20m schemes digging of bores available is bare by beneficiaries Tractors, 50 no. no custom Tractor= 2lakhs to 10lakhs State For small capacity Balance cost to be plowing, hiring facility for depending on HP, custom hiring agricultural tractors 50% subsidy bare by sowing, transplantation, facility comprising of Sowing, department is offered, for FPO’s beneficiaries, transplantation plowing and harvesting transplantation and harvesting subsidy is offered by entrepreneurs are and harvesting machinery, sprayers = (50lakhs NABARD and state to be identified machinery approximately) agriculture and facilitated for department loans from banks Road Network Existing roads to be 50lakhs/km for conversion Pradhan 100% is funded by Nil repaired, 80 km of cart Mantri Gram the govt. track to be converted Sadak into flexible metal road Yojana Bharat Nirman Uninterrupted Quality of power Power supply to be made KUSUM Not considered Not considered Power Supply, supply is poor uninterrupted with scheduled Scheme maintenance Drinking water Present salty water is Portable water of required Accelerated 100%ncost to be bare Nil supply (tank) being supplied with quantity to be supplied rural water by govt. limited quantity supply scheme Sales Outlets 10 shops Lease No related Entrepreneurs to be Entrepreneurs to schemes developed with be developed with available access to loans access to loans Extension of 340 boats A proposal of Rs.300 crores for No related Total cost is bare by Nil Harbour extending harbour is submitted schemes government by fisheries department available Boat making Land is available but 150lakhs No related Loans to be provided 100% cost to be and repair the same is to be schemes for development to bare by the facility developed and the shed the entrepreneurs entrepreneur is to be extended, additional machinery to be added

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11520476C219 /19©BEIESP 825 & Sciences Publication International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2019) | 21-23 March 2019 | K L Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, A.P. India

Ice Plant 500blocks capacity Land=20lakhs No related Entrepreneur to be 100% cost to be Structure=20lakhs schemes developed and loans bare by Machinery=40lakhs available to be arranged entrepreneur Mislaneous=10 lakhs Integrated Cold Cold storage with ice Land cost (2acres) = 80lakhs Integrated 75% capital 25% of capital chain facilities plant, packing facility, Sheds (1200m2) = 48lakhs Cold Chain investment by cost weighing facility, Machinery and cooling Scheme of government freezer van, outlets chambers=200lakhs Ministry of with controlled Freezer van (5MT) = 20lakhs food atmosphere Misllaneous = 4lakhs processing Total cost = 352lakhs industries Drying Yards 10 acres Land = 400lakhs No related Either State Nil Drying yard of 1000m2 @ 1000 schemes government or per m2 = 100 lakhs available entrepreneur to be Total cost = 500 lakhs explored with loan from banks Mini semi 500m2 shed, 100m2 40 crores Integrated 100% funded by Nil integrated ×10 G.I sheets value Scheme for govt. market yard addition, 4000MT Agricultural storage capacity, 10 Marketing sales outlets for agri produce, input material and other home foods of 10m2, repair and service centre for agriculture machinery of 50m2 capacity, Drainage 180km 5lakhs per km No related 100% funded by Nil facility schemes govt. Hospital Amenities to be Rs.100lakhs for existing hospital, No related 100% funds are bare Nil improved in existing Rs. 60lakhs per each primary schemes by government hospital, 7 new health centre primary health centres Total cost = 520 lakhs in all villages Degree college Land 3 acres, buildings Land cost = 150lakhs Ekalavya 100% bare by Nil / professional = 1000m2, furniture, Buildings = 160lakhs Model government institute (ITI) laboratory, misllaneous Laboratory = 100lakhs Residential Misllaneous = 50lakhs Schools Total cost = 920lakhs Sarva Siksha Abhiyan Schools Toilets at 10% of the houses 25000 per one toilet Swachh 100% cost is funded Nil houses need to be provided Vidhyalaya by central toilet facility Abhiyan government Park 2 acres Land = 2 crore No related 100% by government Nil Development and greenery= schemes 100lakhs Misllaneous = 5lakhs

organizations group and train them on E. Justification for Facilities and Services (FPO) running FPO, brief the The justification for the identified facilities and services is benefits available from presented in table 4. NABARD and arrange Table 4 Justification for the identified facilities and visit to any successful FPO services Value addition Facilitate FPO’s, unemployed youth to Sector Facilities and Justifications establish primary services processing units for value Farmers Better amenities Drinking water, raised addition at village level floor, parking facilities for market days two wheelers to attract more customers Forming farmers Facilitate to identify the producing interested farmers, form a

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11520476C219 /19©BEIESP 826 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019

Advice on crop Prepare a crop colony employment Mahatma Gandhi National selection and model and advice farmers during fishing Rozgar Yojana (MNRY) agricultural on selection of right crop holidays produce that can Home Strengthening Facilitate to facilitate be sold locally maker Dwakra groups orientation to the exiting Exposure visit to Facilitate to get exposure groups by the group leader model or to high-tech, innovative of successful of Dwakra progressing forming and successful groups and exposure visit farmers farm farm models Strengthening Give a representation to Aqua Access to Better access to extension Anganwadi district collector about the farmers extension service officer at least thrice in a lapses through local officer week elected representative and Training on good Facilitate to approach local continuous follow up practices fisheries department Market support Facilitate to form a group through local elected for home-made of manufactures of home- representative for foods made foods and facilitate providing training to establish a stall for Training to get Facilitate to approach local selling crop with fisheries department Fishermen Alternative Facilitate to explore acceptable through local elected employment employment in agriculture antibiotics representative for during fishing and in construction providing training holiday industry during fishing Subsidised solar Facilitate to arrange an holidays units to meet the awareness programme on Compensation for Facilitate to encourage and power benefits of solar power and boats motivate fishermen to go requirements of subsidies and loans for insurance aerators Medical camps Facilitate to facilitate Exposure to cage Facilitate to approach local periodical health camps culture fisheries department First aid in all Facilitate to facilitate to through local elected boats procurement of first aid representative for kits arranging exposure visit Aged Generic medical Facilitate to explore and Supply of kits for Facilitate to encourage and persons store identify any unemployed water quality motivate to procure the youth with finance support inspection testing kits as they are from bank to establish one available at affordable generic medical store price Improvement of Facilitate to explore donors Agricultural Minimum wages Facilitate to open bank amenities in for improving the facilities labour under labour acts accounts and motivate grave yards them to go for savings on Students Field visits Facilitate to arrange visits weekly basis and tours that enhance Aqua labour Personal Facilitate to motivate the practical protective aqua farmers to arrange the Mid-day meals Facilitate to have a healthy equipment PPE required scheme with and hygienic food through First aid kit and Facilitate to motivate the nutritious and agencies like Akshaya medical camp aqua farmers to arrange the hygiene food Pathra first kit required Alternate Facilitate to link up with better establishment of producing F. Proposed Suitable Model for Infrastructure and Services road network, power organizations (FPO), After studying the gap between existing infrastructure and supply for fields, advice on crop expectations of stakeholders of the selected rurban, a Tractors, sowing, trans selection and suitable model for sustainable development of Nizampatnam plantation and agricultural produce rurban is prepared and presented in table 5. harvesting machinery that can be sold Table 5 Proposed Suitable Model for Infrastructure and locally, exposure visit to model or Services progressing farmers Sector Infrastructure Facility / service farms, Wages as per Agriculture Individual storage Better amenities at labour acts facility (minimum village level market 10MT capacity), bulk days, sales outlet, storage facility value addition, (3000MT), bores, forming farmers

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11520476C219 /19©BEIESP 827 & Sciences Publication International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2019) | 21-23 March 2019 | K L Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, A.P. India

Aqua culture Integrated cold chain Training on good V. CONCLUSION facility which include practices, exposure Majority of the people in and around Nizampatnam are 2000tonnes capacity visits to successful depending on aquaculture, fishing activity, agriculture and cold storage, ice plant farms, training to get allied activities. Aqua culture has become non-remunerative manufacturing facility, crop with acceptable due to attack of diseases, which is necessitating usage of packing facility, level of antibiotics, more antibiotics and resulting loss of export market and this weighing, freezer van, supply of kits for access to extension water quality is making non-remunerative. Agriculture has become non- service officer, better inspection, exposure remunerative as the farmers are going for traditional crops, road connectivity, to cage culture, no proper market facility no primary processing, poor quality power supply. recycled aquaponics linkage between producer and consumer, price fluctuations, system (RAS), lack of proper cold chain infrastructure resulting agriculture subsidised solar units non-remunerative. to meet the power Drop in fish availability due to pollution, competition, requirements of lack of adequate drying, storage, integrated cold chain aerators, pumps and infrastructure, weak producer-customer link is resulting drop motors and others, in income from fishing activity. Interaction with above Personal Protective stakeholders revealed that they are not happy in the present equipment, first aid profession and feeling that labour who are going to towns and conduction of for work in construction are earning more than what they are medical camp, earning. If the same situation continues farmers, and minimum facilities fishermen expressed that they also think of going to urban such as drinking areas in research of employment or other businesses water, alternative As aqua culture, agriculture and fishing activity are the employment when main professions, in the Nizampatnam rurban area, people there is no work in in these professions to be made happy by making these aqua farms. professions for strong producer-consumer link, integrated Fishermen Improving the boat Compensation for making facility, boat boats in case of any cold chain infrastructure, value addition, storage, repair facility, damage, first aid in establishment of market yard, market facility for produce, expanding fishing all boats, conducting exposure visit to successful farmers, encouraging harbour facility to 400 medical camps, agricultural allied activities, innovations, best practices and boats, drying yard Alternative access to technicians/extension activities and access to ease facility for fishes, employment during and soft loans from public sector banks and horticulture storage facility, fishing holiday based crops, crops based on crop colony, improving integrated cold chain infrastructure for agriculture and aqua culture and fishing facility for fishes activity. Home maker Quality drinking water Strengthening Other civil amenities such as improving roads, water facility, drainage Dwakra groups, supply, sanitation, health care, quality power supply, income facility, upgraded strengthening generation sources to home makers are identified, facilities in Anganwadi, market appropriate schemes through which infrastructure can be Nizampatnam hospital, support for home- created is identified and cost of additional infrastructure to primary health centre made foods such as be created and suitable and sustainable model for in all villages, pickles, sweets and Nizampatnam rurban is proposed. uninterrupted power spices and garments, supply establishing markets REFERENCES similar to rythu bazar or market days 1. Sumana Chatterjee, “The ‘Rurban’ society in India: New covering all the facets of urbanism and its challenges”, IOSR journal of humanities and social science (IOSR-JHSS), Vol.19, Issue 8, villages (Aug.2014). Students Improvement in Mid-day meals 2. Chandni Singh and Andaleeb Rahman, “Urbanising the rural: drinking water facility, scheme with Reflections on India’s national rurban mission,” Asia & the washrooms, nutritious and specific policy studies, Vol.5, Issue no.2, pp.370-37. playground, labs, hygiene, improving (Dec.2017) sports tools, site visits, the computer 3. Al-Hader, M and Rodzi, A. “The smart city infrastructure drainage facility, facilities development & monitoring”, Theoretical and empirical library, hostels, researches in urban management, Vol 4, Issue 2, (2019). building repair, 4. Rebecca Hui, James L. Wescoat Jr, “Visualizing peri-urban and rurban water conditions in Pune district, Maharashtra, institutes India”, ELSVIER, January (2018). Aged Park, library Improvement of persons grave yards, generic medical store, pension for all eligible aged persons

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5. Evelin Priscila Trindade, Marcus Phoebe Farias Hinnig, Eduardo Moreira da Costa, Jamile Sabatini marques, Rogerio Cid Bastos and Tan Yigitcanla, “Sustainable development of smart cities: a systematic review of the literature”, Trindade et al. journal of open innovation: Technology, market and complexity, (2017) 3-11. 6. Rohan R. Bhosale, Pankaj, P. Sathe, R. Mote, Milind, R. Hegade and Sachin R. Kuber, “Smart village system”, International journal of science technology & engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 4, October (2016). 7. B. Peera Kumar and N. Siva Ramakrishna, “Smart villages & socio-economic development of the nation”, International journal of innovative research in information security, Issue 9, Vol.3 (2016). 8. Imran Kadhim Ajlan, “A frame work of the smart environments and integrated ecosystems for smart cities with big data and internet of things”, International journal of scientific engineering and research (ISJER), ISSN (online), Vol.3, Issue 4, (2010). 9. Krishna Govender and Africa Makasi, “Globalization and sustainable development: A conceptual model”, Mediterranean journal of sciences, MCSER publishing, Rome Italy, Vol.6, Issue no.4, August (2015). 10. Hindustan times, Daily newspaper, Monday, Jan 28,2019. 11. BBC news “have India’s farmer suicides really declined,” 14 July, 2014. 12. Sakshi daily newspaper, Vol.11, Issue 310, pg.4, (2019).

AUTHOR PROFILE P. Sri Poojitha who have Completed my B. Tech in CIET and Pursuing my M. Tech in KL university (Deemed to be). I published a paper in IJETMAS on “Comprehensive study on strength parameters of concrete with partial replacement of cement by glass powder.”

Dr K Rajasekhara Reddy received doctorate in Geology from Karnataka University, Dharwad. He has put up 16 years of industrial experience in manufacturing of ceramic tiles in various areas of operations at different levels and 10 years of academic experience in K L Deemed to be university. His interests are exploring alternate low cost sustainable ceramic raw materials, developing economical ceramic tiles.