CENSUS OF INDIA 1981
SERIES 18
RAJASTHAN
PARTS XIII-A & B DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK (Village & Town Directory ViIlage and Townwise Primary Census Abstract)
SIROHI DISTRICT
1. C. SRIVASTAVA of the Indian Administrative Service Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan
FOREWORD
Population Census provides data-base for economic and social planning to planners and administrators at all levels. The village and town-wise Census data compiled and processed by the Directorate of Census Operations are being published in the form of District Census Handbook for each district, which. I am sure, wiJI be found quite useful, informative and interesting by planners, administrators as well as academicians and research scholars.
Each District Census Handbook comprises two parts Part-A containing information on the amenities available in each village/town and Part-B population totals and other demographic data. Some additional information regarding amenities added, in the past ten years, in each village I town has also been provided in these volumes.
Shri I. C. Srivastava, Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan and his colleagues who have endeavoured for several months to complete these comprehensive and useful volumes deserve to be c.;)ngratulated for accuracy and their timely completion.
M. M. K. WALl JAIPUR Chief Secretary 26 January. 1983 Government of Rajasthan
PREFACE
The District Census handbook (DCH), compiled by the Census Organisation on behalf of the State Government, is one of the most valuable products of the (.;ensus. Tht:. DCH is constantly referred to by planners, administrators, academicians and researchers. It IS inter alia used for delimitation of constituencies, formulatton of local level and regional plans and as an aid to district administration. The District Census Handbook is the only publication which provides Primary Census Abstract (PCA) data upto village level for the rural areas and wardwise for each city Qr town. It also provides data on infrastructure and amenities in villages and towns etc.
The District Census handbook series w\s initiated during the 1951 Census. It contained important census tables and PCA for each village and town of the district. During 1961 Census the scope of the DCH was enlarged and it contained a descriptive account of the district, administrative statistics, census tables and a village and town Qlrectory, including PCA. The 1971 DCH series was planned in three parts. Part-A related to village and town directory, Part-B to village and town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative statistics, district census tables and certain analytical tables bued on PCA and amenity data in respect of Villages. However, in some States it was confined to district census tables and in a few cases altogether given up due to delay in compilation and printing.
While designing the format of 1981 DCH series some new features along with the restructuring of the formats of village and town directory have been attempted. At the same time, comparability with the 1971 data has also been kept in view. All the amenities except power supply in the village have b~en brought together in the village directory with the instruction that in case an amenity is not available in the referrent village the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place where the amenity is available m3Y be given. The restructuring of the format of the village directory and incorporating more exhlustive dlta on infrastructure aspect particularly in relation to amenities and land-use pattern is expected to further meet the need of micro level planning for rural areas. It is expected to help not only in local area pl::tnning but regulating the provision of goods and services as well so as to minimise the regional imbllances in the process of development. A few new items of information have also been introduced to meet some of the req uirements of the Revised Minimum Needs Programme. Such new items of information as adult literacy centres, primary health sub-centres, and community health workers in the village have been introduced in the village directory with this objective in mind. The new item on approach to the village is to have an idea about the villages in the district which are inaccessible. A new column, "total population and number of households" has been introduced to examine the correlation of the amenities with the population and number of households they serve. Addition of two more appendices listing the villages where no amenities are available and according to the proportion of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population to the total population has also been made with this view in mind.
The formats of the town directory have also been modified to meet the requirements of the Minimum Needs Programme by providing information on a few new items. A new statement on civic and other amenities in slums in Class-I and Class-II towns (Statement IV-A) has been introduced with this objective in mind. It is expected that this will help the planners to chalk out programmes on orovision of civic amenities for the improvement of slums. The columns on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population in Statement IV relating to civic and other amenities and adult literacy classes/centres under educational facilities in statement V are also added inter alia with this view. A sigmficant addition is class of town in all the scven statements of the town directory. The infrastructure of amenities in urban areas of the country can be best analysed by taking the class of towns into consideration. The addition of the columns on Civic administration status and population in a few statements also serves this purpose.
The format of the Primary Census Abstract for the vIllages and towns has been formulated in the light of changes in the economic and other questions canvassed through the IndIVidual Slip of 1981 Census.
In order to avoid delay in publication of 1981 DCH series it has been so designed that Part-A of the volume contains village and town directory and Part-B, the PCA of villages and towns including the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes PCA lIpto Tehstl/Town levels. At the beginning of the DCH a detailed analytical note supported by a number of inset tables based on PCA and non-census data in relation to the infrastructure has been introduced to enhance its value. The district and tehsil/police station/C D Block etc., level maps depicting the boundaries and other important features have been inserted at appropriate places, to further enhance the value of the publication.
This publication is a joint venture of the State Government and the Census Organisation. The data have bcen collected and compiled in the State under the direction of Shri I. C. Srivastava the Director of Census Operations Rajasthan on behalf of the State Government which has borne the cost of printing. The task of planning, designing and coordination of this publication was carried out by Shri N G. Nag, Deputy Registrar General (Social Studies) of my office, Dr. B. K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map) provided the tcchnical guidance in the preparation of the maps. Data received from Census Directorates have been scrutinised in the Social Studies Division at the headquarters under the gUidance of Shri M. M. Dua, Senior Research officer. I am thankful to all who have contributed in this project.
P. PADMANABHA Registrar General, India NEW DELHI January 26, 1983 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are deeply indebted to the State Government for their prompt help to us at all stages of Census Operations, We are beholden to Shri M. M. K. WaH, Chief Secretary, Rajasthan for ]lis unstinted support and continued encouragement to us at all stages of work as also for having consented to write the Foreword for the series. The former Chief Secretary, Shri G. K. Bhanot who inaugurated the two State-level Census conferences had infused a sense of urgency and seriousness in the minds of Collectors and other officers engaged in Censlls work at the distnct-Ievel, which went a long way in gearing up the entire administrative machinery and we are extremely grateful to him. Several departments of the State Government among which Genera.l Administration, Education, Community Development, Economics & Statistics, Public Relations, Printing and the Department of Personnel deserve special mention, extended utmost co-operation and help in both the phases of Census Opera tions. The District Collectors played a pivotal role in successtully conducting and supervising Census Operations despite their multifarious responsibilities. They were well assisted by ADMs/SDOs, TehsiIdars and Municipal Officers and other Charge Officers. The Supervisors and Enumerators, the basic Census functionar les worked ceaselessly in the entire period of field-work to make J 981 Census Operations smooth and successful.
We are deeply grateful to Shri P. Padmanabha, Registrar General & Census Commissioner India for hiS sustained support and spontaneous, unfailing guidance throughout our endeavours. Our grateful thanks are due to Shri V. P. Pandey, Joint Registrar General, Shri N. G. Nag, Shri K. K. Chakravorty and Dr. B. K. Roy, the three Deputy Registrar Generals and their colleagues at the headquarters for their ever willing, helping hand and thoughtful suggestions for putting together and shaping the volumes in their present form.
Shrimati Meenakshi Hooja and Shri S. C. Varma, the two Deputy Directors incharge of District Handbooks who were ably assisted by Shri Shamsher Singh, Assistant Director and Shri Wali Halder Investigator and their team of workers deserve all praise for their perseverance and dedication to work. Shri R. A. Gupta, Senior Supervisor has taken pains in drafting the analytical notes for Siroh~ District Census Handbook which was ably edited by Shri R. D. Aggarwal, Deputy Director. Finally, the entire manuscript was thoroughly scrutinised and made press worthy by the specially constituted coordination cell headed by Shri R. C. Bhargava, Assistant Director who was very well assisted by G. D. Agarwal, Assistant Director, Sarvashri R. A. Gupta artd R. N. Verma, Senior Supervisors and whose efforts deserve special mention.
The Primary Census Abstract, the population profile for all the administrative units of district was first prepared in Regional Tabulation Office Jodhpur headed by Shri J. N. Calla, Dy. Director who put in his 'Labour of Love' to ensure its timely preparation. In this task he was assisted by Shri Ganeshi Lal Verma and Radhey Shyam Sharma Investigators.
Shri S. R. Luhadia, Deputy Director (Technical) who had earher prepared the work-design and supervised the training programmes for compilalion and tabulation of primary data in the Regional Census Offices engendered the necessary team spirit among staff for completing various components of work including preparation of maps as per schedule, before proceeding for training at London School of Economics.
The PCA and various other tables were scrutinised and finalised for publication under the close super vision and guidance of Shri R. C. Bhargava, Assistant Director by his team of zealous workers headed by Shr; R.N. Verma, Senior Supervisor. Their precision and promptitude in dehvering goods deserve special mention. The member of the staff in the Art Section did a commendable job, first, under the guidance of Shri M. L. Kumawat, Sr. Geographer; an highly experienced Census hand and later under Shri J. C. Srivastava, Research Officer. Shri M. M. Goyal, Investigator and official incharge of printing persond.lly looked to variolls a..'1pects of printing work along with his associates, which has ensured the timely release of volumes and all credit goes to him for getting them through the press. We are also highly thankful to Shri S. C. Shivah'lre of The Fine Art Printing Press, Ajmer for making special arrangements for printmg and supervising personl.lIy aU processes thereof.
JAIPUR I. C. SRIVASTAVA Republic Day, 1983 STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH THIS WOJlK
Village aDd TOWD Directory J. Shri Pratap Singh Statistical Assistant 2. Shri Narain Singh Khejroli Statistical Assistant 3. Smt. Usha Sharma Statistical Assistant 4. Smt. Santosh Malakar Statistical Assistant 5. Km. Nishi Saxena Computor 6. Km. Kusum Lata Yadav Computor 7. S!'tri Bhagwan Sahai Sankhla Computor 8. Shri Arun Kumar Jain Computot' 9. Shri Shyam Narain Bheda Computor 10. Shri Kailash NaralD Sharma Computor Primary Census Abstract I. Shri N. K. Baj Investigator 2. Shri Abdul Waheed Investigator 3. Shri T. C. Basandani Investigator 4. Shri K. B. Sharma Statistical Assistant S. Shri Gope Raja Statistical Assistant 6. Shri M. L. Sindhi Statistical Assistant 7. Shri V. D. Chandwani Statistical Assistant 8. Smt. Charu Mathur StatistIcal Assistant 9. Shri Bachittar Singh Computor 10. Shri O. P. Badaya Computor 11. Shri N. K. Gupta Computor 12. Shri Mukesh Bhargava Coroputor Maps 1. Shri Avtar Singh Sr. Geographer 2. Shri N. R. Sisodia Geographer 3. Shri Mukut Guria Geographer 4. Sbri D. L. Verma Sr. Artist S. Shri Sardul Singh Artist 6. Shri M. S. Panwar Artist 7. Shri P. K. Sharma Artist 8. Shri Hem Singh Sr. Draftsman 9. Shri L. L. Padiyar Draftsman 10. Shri Indra Narain Draftsman TypiD& I. Shri S. K. Ajrnera Computor 2. Shri Hemendra Tambi Operator 3. Shri N. S. Naruka Operator Priatlllg 1. Shri Hassan Mohd. Printing Inspector 2. Shri Kanbaiya Lal Computor 3. Sbri R. K. Sharma Proof Reader 4. Shri Simon Paul Proof Reader RAJASTHAN POPULATION PR.OFILE ( CENS US I 98 i )
Percentage to D . I Work Sl. Area State/District Population Rank Tot~1 Gro~~~~te Literacy Sex Ratio Participation No. (in sq. km) PopulatIon of 1971-81 Rate Rate Rajasthan 1981
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------RAJASTHAN 342,239 34,261,862 100.00 +32.97 2438 919 30.48
I. Ganganagar 20,634 2,029,938 3 5.93 +45.62 26.03 874 29.48
2. Bikaner 27,244 848,749 20 2.48 +48.09 28.20 891 29.31
3. Churu 16,830 ],179,466 16 3.44 +34.88 21.86 954 29.50
4. Jhunjhunun 5,928 1,2]U83 15 3.54 +30.39 28.61 956 25.04
5. Alwar 8,380 1,711,173 5 5.17 +26.17 26.53 892 26.73
6. Bharatpur 8,100 1,884,132 4 5.50 +26.43 26.05 831 27.27
7. Sawai Madhopur 10,527 1,535,870 9 4.48 +28.68 23.23 867 28.86
8. Jaipur 14,068 3,420,574 9.98 +38.50 31.40 894 29.37
9. Sikar 7,732 1,377,245 11 4.02 +32.09 25.43 963 24.62
10. Ajmer 8,481 1,440,366 10 4.20 +25.50 35.30 922 35.83
11. Tonk 7,194 783,635 22 2.29 +25.22 20.56 928 33.37
12. Jaisalmer 38,401 243,082 26 0.71 +44.84 15.80 811 32.09
13. Jodhpur 22,850 1,667,791 6 4.87 +44.82 26.64 909 30.59
14. Nagaur 17,718 1,628,669 7 4.75 +29.04 19.38 958 33.11
15. Pah 12,387 1,274,504 13 3.72 +31.39 21.87 946 32.07
16. Barmer 28,387 1,118,892 17 3.27 +44.41 12.29 904 31.85
17. Jalor 10,640 903,073 18 2.64 +35.20 13.70 942 29.41
18. Sirohi 5,136 542,049 25 1.58 +27.90 20.07 963 29.46
19. Bhilwara 10,455 1,310,379 12 3.82 +24.22 19.79 942 38.50
20. Udaipur 17,279 2,356,959 2 6.88 +30.69 22.01 977 30.13
21. Chittaurgarh 10,856 1,232,454 14 3.60 +30.41 21.94 951 37.81
22. Dungarpur 3,770 682,845 23 1.99 +28.78 18.52 1,045 27.19
23. Banswara 5,037 886,600 19 2.59 +35.44 1685 984 27.97
24. Bundl 5,550 586,982 24 1.71 +30.72 20.14 887 33.93
25. Kota 12,436 1,559,784 8 4.55 +36.57 32.53 888 30.40
26. Jhalawar 6,219 784,998 21 2.29 +25.85 22.11 926 35.96
Si2 FACfS FROM FIGURES
RAJASTHAN SIROHI STATE DISTRICT
POPULATION TOTAl. Persons 34,261,862 542,049 Males 17,854,154 276.178 Females 16,407,708 265,871
RURAL Persons 27,051,354 445,048 Males 14,013,454 224,609 Females 13,037,900 220,439
URBA~ P,ersoll,' 7,210,508 97,001 Males 3,840,700 51,569 Females 3,369,808 45,432 DECENNIAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE ( 1971-81) '"+ 32.97 + 27.90
AREA (Sq. km) 342,239 5,136
DENSITY OF POPULATION (Per Sq. km) ]00 106
SEX RATIO (Number of Females per 1,000 Males) 919 963
LITERACY RATE Persons 24.38 20.07 Males 36.30 29.84 Females 11.42 9.92
PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPULATION 21.05 17.90 TO TOTAL POPULATION
PERCENTAGE TO T.oTAL POPULATION:
( i ) Main Workers PellQIlS 30.48 29.46 Males 49.92 49.51 Females 9.32 8'.63
til I Marginal Workers P~rsotl!l 6.13 5.68 M;lles 0.98 1.10 Females 11.74 10.43
iii) Non-Workers Pel"llons 63'39 64.86 Males 49.10 49.39 Females 78.94 80.94
BREAK-UP OF MAlN WORKERS:
PERCENTAGE A '\fONG MAIN WORKE~S
t , ) Cultivators Persons 61.59 42.70 Males 60.70 45.33 Femllle~ 66.75 27,05
!iO AgriCldtural Labourer" Person'S 7.32 16.g6 • Males S.89 11.49 Females 15.67 43.31 FAcrS FROM FIGURES
RAJASTHAN SIROHI STATE DISTRICf
(iii) Household Industry Persons 3.26 4.S1 Males 3.33 4.74 Femal"s ~.82 3.13
(iv) Other Workers Persons 27.83 36.72 Males 30.08 38.44 Feinales 14.76 26.S1
PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED CASTES ,Persons '17.04 18.74 POPULATION TO "{OTAL POPULATION Males 17.10 19.03 Females ' 1~.98 18.44
PERCENTAGE OF SCHBDULED TRIBES Persons 12.21 -23.11 POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION Males 12.0S 23.31 Females 12.39 2i.90
NUMBER OF OCCUPIED 'S,726,680 103!o09' RESIDENTIAL HOUSES
SUB-DIVISIONS 83 7[
TEHSILS 197 S
236 S PANCHAYAT SAMITIES 1 NUMBER OF VILLAGES Total 31;124 ,44,6 Inhabited 34,968 433 Uninhabited 2,1S6 ~ 13
NUMBER OF TOWNS 1201 S
NET AREA SOWN (In hectares) ( 1979-80 ) '14;206;683 H3,70S
NET IRRIGATED AREA (In hectares) ( 1979-80) 3,308,273 63,832
COLLEGES (No.) ( 1979-80,) 1269 A
SECONDARY/HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLS (No.) ( 1979-80) 2~168 32
MIDDLE SCHOOLS (No.) ( 1979-80 ) S,17S 71
PRIMARY AND PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOLS (No.) ( 1979-80) 21,313 329 1 ROADS (km) ( i979-80 ) 40,399 .867 _~ 1 ! ~ '? TOWNS/VILLAGES ELECTRIFIED (No.) ( As on 31-3-80 ) :1:3,831 366
WELLS ELECfRIFIED ( up to 1979-80 ) 183,238 3,460 1981 CENSUS-PUBLICATION PLAN
The Rajasthan 1981 Census Publications, Series 18 in All Indfa Seri., will be published in the following parts
Government of India Publications
Part" f~A Administration Report-Enumeration (In Press) } For oftidal use only Part" I-B Administration Report-Tabulation
Part II-A General Population Tables (In Press) Part I1-B Primary Census Abstract (In Press) Part III General Economic Tables Part IV Social and Cultural Tables Part V Migration Tables Part VI Fertility Tables Past VII Tables on House and Disabled Population (In Press) Part VIII House Tables Part IX Special Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Part X-A Town Directory Part X-B Survey Report on selected towns Part X-C Survey Report on selected villages Part XI Ethnographic Note and special studies on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Part XII Census Atlas
Government of Rajasthan Publications
Part XII A Administrative Atlas Part XIII-A &: B District Census Handbook (Village & Town Directory and Primary Census Abstract) DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK
SIROHI DISTRICT
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CONTENTS PAGES
FOREWORD ..... ,.t .. (iii) PREFACE (v) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (vii), AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE (xvii) SIROHI DISTRICT-A PROFILE (~\x) HISTORY OF DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 'xxxiv)
SCOPE OF VILLAGE & TOWN. DIRECTORY AND PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT .....r, '("~xv) CENSUS CONCEPTS . (xli) ANALYTICAL NOTE--PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (xivii) CENSUS HOUSES AND DISABLED PERSONS . ("i:iii) ANALYTICAL NOTE - VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY (lxiv)
PART A-VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY
SECTION I-VILLAGE DIRECTORY
Codes used fOl" denoting various amenities in Village Directory. 5
VILLAGE DIRECTORY (with map of tehsil and alphabetical list of villages) 1. Sheoganj Tehsil- 7 2. Sirohi Tehsii 19 3. Pindwara Tehsil 33 4. Abu Road Tehsil 47 5. Reodar Tehsil 59
APPENDICES Appendix I -- Tehsilwise abstract of Educational, Medical and Other amenities. 76 w Appendix II - Land utilisation data in respect of Non-municipal Towns (Census Town). '80 Appendix III - Tehsilwise list-of inhabited villages where no amenities are availnble<. . 81 Appendix IV·_ Tehsilwise list of'villages according tb the propUrtidn of Scheduled. t 82 Castes and Scheduled Tribes to the total population by- ranges/ '
SECTION II-TOWN DIREcroRY
Codes used for denoting various amenities in Town Directory. 94
TOWl'tI DIRECTORY Statement I - Status and Growth History. 96 Statement II - Physical aspects and Location of 'Towns, 1979. 98 Statement III -- Municipal Finance, 1 978 -79. 10~ Statement IV - Civic and other Amenities, 1979. . ... 102 Statement V - Medical, Educational, Recreational and Cultural facilities, 1979. 104 Statement VI - Trade, Commerce, Industry and Banking, 1979 106
APPENDIX Towns shoWing their out-growth with population. 110 ( xvi )
PACKS
PART B-PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT
DISTRICT PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 112
V1LLAGE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT \. Sheoganj Tehsil 1 I () 2. Sirohi TehsH 120 :3. Pindwara Tehsil 124 4. Abu Road Tehsil 130 5. Reodar Tehsil ]36
URBAN PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT I - Sheoganj Town ]44 II - Sirohi Town -144 III - Pindwara Town 146 IV - Mount Abu Town 146 V - Abu Road Town 146
APPENDICES Appendix I - Total Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population-Urban Blockwise ..... ]"53 Appendix II - Village classified by population sizes 159
SPECIAL PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT FOR SCHEDULED CASTES & SCHEDULED TRIBES List of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes-Rajasthan 167 Special District Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Castes. 168 Special District Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Tribes. 172
SPECIAL ANNEXURES Notes on Special Annexures 178 Special Annexure II - Panchayat Samitiwise Abstract of Village Directory 179 Special Annexure III - Panchayat Samitiwise Primary Census Abstract 183 AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE
The serIes of DistrIct Ccnsus Handbooks has been prepared after compilatIon and tabulation of data collected through "'Individual Slip" and .CHousehold Schedule" on full count basis for which neady 1,500 workers were engaged for a period extending to more than 12 months. For the first time. an attempt has been made in the series to bring out demographic and other data in diglot, Hindi and English. for a more beneficial use by data users of all categories. Hindi being the official language of the State, a Hindi version of the analytical notes has also been added with a view to cater to the needs of all sections of readers.
As a necessary corollary to the Handbooks, Panchayat Samities, the basic administrative units of development administration and planning have been listed out separately in relation to those districts only wherein they are not coterminous with their tehsils and information relating to their population figures as well as amenities available in each village located in their jurisdiction will be presented in a separate volume under the title, uSupplement to District Census Handbook" (Panchayat Samiti). -However, for reference, in the_main District Census Handbook. a list of villages forming part of each non-coterminous Panchayat Samiti has been provided along with the abstracts of population and amenities for such Panchayat Samities as a whole in the form of Special Annexure8.
Another new feature of the present series is the depiction of villages falling in various population ranges by their total population figures for 1981 Census.
In addition to new items like uses of electricity and nearest communication points. information for which was not collected in 1 97 1 Census, a specific note on each district covering general information regarding its history. topography. physiography, administrative set-up and places of tourist and historic importances etc., has also been included with a view to provide comprehensive and more purposeful information about the district as a whole. Population figures of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes constituting the core of cWeaker-Section, have been presented at district/tehsil/town level so as to facilitate planning for their welfare both at micro 3Jld macro levels.
It is earnestly hoped that the District Census Handbook will serve its purpose for planners, administrators of welfare schemes and other data users. in general.
SIROHI DISTRICT - A PROFILE
mstoric:al Backdrop of The District State was transferred to Rajasthan, Later, this area became the part of newly created Banaskantha district The district derives its name after Sirohi town, of Gujarat State. being the district headquarters, and the latter is said "10 have taken its name from the Saranwa hill, on the western slope of which it stands. Tod has suggested 4. The former Sirohi State was divided into six that !be name of the territory might have been tehsils namely Abu Road, Delwara, Pindwara, -tierjved from its position at the head (sir) of Reodar, Sheoganj and Sirohi. Just before the merger the, desert (rohi). This has also been suggested another tchsil Bhawri was changed from a Hath tbat the _,tiainal name of the town was 'Shivpuri' of Kharch tehsll to Khalsa. In 1950, the area merged -,.hq. tile;. ~t name is a derivative. The word in Rajasthan State was divided into five tehsils and 4Siro,hi! also ,lIleaas a sword; and this has led some placed in a single sub-division. p_eqple to believe that this State of brave Deora ~beDt was so n-amed due to the widespread fame 5. During the period 1951-61, by an inter .9f its swords. State transfer, Abu Road taluka (786.8 sq. km.) of Banaskantha district under Gujarat State was trans 2. It was regarded as part of 'Marubhumi' and ferred to this district of Rajasthan State on the bas always been referred to as Arbudh Pradesh 10 recommendations of the State Re-organisation Puranic traditions. After a lapse of time, Chandra Commission. Accordingly, a new tehsil Abu Road ..ti became the capital of Arbudh Pradesh and, was constituted in thiS district. In the process of 411l"iD& the "ign of Parmars, it was known as inter-tehsil fe-adjustments, former Bhawri tchsil Ashtadhashati Desh, which was supposed to comprise (582.7 sq. km.) was merged in Pindwara tehsil as 1.,800 vinages. In J,405, Rao Sobhaji. the ancestor such at that time there remained five tehsils viz: of the Deora Clan of Chauhans, built the Sirohi town Sheoganj, Sirohi, Pindwara, Abu Road and Reodar: ia a bay of the hills near the site of the present Besides, four villages (73.6 sq. km.) were transferred capital. Rao Sains M,d, son of Rao Sobhaji built from Reodar tehsil to newly formed Abu Road tehsil ,be new City on a healthier site, on the western slopes as a result of inter-tehsil transfers. No inter-district of the Saranwa hills which was also called Sirohi. or inter-tehsil transfers took place in the territory Afterwards, the whole of the area under the charge during 1961-71 and 1971-81. Gf Deoras was known as Sirohi. 6. Regarding urban areas of the district, three 3. Prior to the final merger of this area with towns namely Sirohi, Sheoganj and Pindwara of Rajasthan State, in December 1 947, a decision was 1 951 Census continued as towns in 1961 Census and taken for integration for all the States around Sirohi. Rohira town of 1951 Census was de-classifi~d as In M8l'Ch, 1948, Strohi was placed under Western urban unit and became a revenue viJIage in Pindwara ,India States Agency and thus it was removed from tehsiI. However, subsequent to the transfer of Abu the Rajputana Agency. In November 1948, an Road tehsiI, two more towns viz; Mount Abu and .agreement between the MIDor Ruler of Sirohi and the Abu Road were also added to the list of towns in the Government of India was signed and accordingly, district during 1961 Census. After 1961 Census Bombay Government took over the administration on there has been no change in the list of towns in the behalf of the Central Government since January 5, district. ,.949. On January 25, 1950 the erstwhile Sirohi .3tst~ was partitioned and, as a sequel, Abu Road 7. For the purpose of administration, the dis l1ebti1 and a part of Delwara tchsil were merged with trict at present is divided into two Sub-divisions five tho then Bombay State while the remaining part of the Tehsils and also five Towns as mentioned below': ( xx )
tehsil near village Padar being 1,090 metres, and ill Sub-divisions Tehsils Towns the Nandwar group in the north-east of village Rohua Sirohi Sirohi Sirohi (695 metres) and Neebaj (999 metres), The south Sheoganj , Sh,eoganj west fringes of detached hills in SheogOlnj tehsil begin Abu Abu Road Abu'Road ,with an Isolated peak reaching a h~ight of 639 metres Mount Abu near village Sagaliya, west of villages Mochhal (665 Pindwara Pindwara metres), Jogapura (721 metres) AlpJ. (683 m~trcs, ReDdat and Rewara (696 metres) --above the ~sea lcv.~\. Besides, numerous small hillocks also exist
8. The Collector is the administrative head of 13. Deta!dhed hill~ of -the Aravalli range are the ~ist!:ict, and also functions as ~he, District situated in the, sq_uth-east of the central portion bf Magistrat~, While, th~ Sub-diyisiq'n, IS under the charge this ,district, 'Mount Abu is situated at- about 11)2.:1,9 and. th,e-;..§!Iperv.ision_ pf a Sub-divisional Magistrate, ~n,etres above sea level and is built on an irregular tehsiJ r.administrati9P is under the diarge or' a plateau which is surrounded by s::;:veral projecting 'iI'ehsilga_r. ,pea{(s and ridges. Another importilnt plateau:;is Driya in Abu Road tehsil, Which is' nearly at ,a 9, For the administration of justice, ~here ar,e (listance of ejgb(kfno from Mount Abu station arid & courts of District Additional Sessions Judge and it js .1'52 mel res:, higher than Abu, and 'lies 6ei6~ ~the ~~vili Ju~e,-c,um,;,C~i~f J.ud,icial Magistrate at Sirohi. main ,peak of h'!ight 'or' 58-3 -ni~tfes, _J in 'Jairaj ~grb\rp ~of 'Reodar 'water are-=few"uno small in .the~disttict, -Climate variety of-ba~ic Ir9c.ksLIJ}.SI!! l\f.~r-~und;war~ a_t;eaJ' l¥hich .fQrrp ~ rjng, ~tr!!~tu.J~, are considerd ,to han' 1,6. O,q the' w.hole, the 'disJri~t has a dry clill]ate ~rqp_te.9 qutiQg :the ~reta9Aoys _peliod. ~ -with the hot .seasQn sOJllewhat milder than in the adjoimng di3tricts to the nor.th and north-)vesl. 20~ Among the minerals found in the aistilct cGenerally cold season begins .from December and lasts mention 'may b.e- m~de ·of calcite, .copper, le.!ld and up,tp 'February whioh.is foUowed .bi!' the -h~t season zinc, Iimestpne~and woUa,stpnite. Small tpockets .of which continues up tC?~the mi~dle of JUl;le,! while tf;l~ calcite QccJ!r -;n~ar villages .,Bhoola apd Moras J of mid-Sep~ember. period from mid-June to is of the .pin(iW!lra. t~!lsil Iil_n~ vill,!lgtis Tank~ya, Siyawa an4 south-west monsoon, the next remaining period till JJpla ~hejr~a 9.f .<\bu ~gl!!l tepsil. While v.i1lage Dei~ the, epd of .November constitutes the post-monsoon .f~)lii ~Q!ld !eJJ.~il) coq~a_i!l~.) ,tpulti:~etal del?osit of . season:.. ., especially on the hills round the base of Abu and Chi tal (Cervus axis) confine themselves to the grass Dhak (Butea frondosa) in the area where the soil is lands and lower slopes of the Aravallies ID the south deep and good. The bark of Dhak tree is used in east. Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is seldom making ropes for the water pots of Persian wheels. seen and the black-buck are rare. Regarding small game. grey partridge, hares, some varieties of quail 24. The trees and shrubs found on the slopes and sandgrouse are found in the district. Jungle and round the base of Abu are Bamboo (Bambusa fowl and red spur-fowl are plentiful on Abu and some strictus), Am (Mangifera indica), species of Dhao other high hills while Floricans inhabit some of the (Anogeissus latifolia and Pendula etc.), Siris (Albizzia large grass-preserves. lebbek), Bel (Aegle marmelos), Jamun (Eugenia jambolana), Rohira (Tecoma undulata), the horse 26. There is a game sanctuary at Mount Abu radish tree (Moringa concan~nsis) etc. Abu is which was established in 1960-61. In order to considered the rIchest spot in vegetation in the whole ensure preservation of wIld life, the State Government State of Rajasthan. On the higher parts of Abu, has prohibited the shooting, hunting, netting and Ambartari (Aerides affine) is found which clings to tr~pping of animals and birds in this area. There is mango and other trees. Stinging nettle (GirardlDai a facility of watch tower at Trevor Tal besides water heterophylla) and Karanda (Carissa carandas) are troughs nearby and platforms for bird feeding. also found in abundance. Laud Use 25. The fauna of the district is rather varied though not very plentiful. Panthers are commooly 27. The reporting area of the district for the found while wild pigs are available in most of the land utilisation purposes during 1980-81 was 517,947 bills. Ravine deer (Chinkara) are fairly common hectares. The following table indicates the classi while fourhorned antelope are rarely available. fication of the land use in the district for the years Tigers and black bears are found on the Abu-Sirobi 1970-71 and 1 980-8 1 alongwith the percentage to range and in Neebaj hills in the sough-west whife total reporting area : 1970-71 1980-81 .-____ ...A.. Classification of land-use -... r------"'------... Area (in per cent Area (in per cent hectares) hectares) 1 2 3 4 5 ------I. Forests 48.488 9.36 141.882 27.39 2. Not available for cUlt_ivation ( i) Land put to non-agricultural use 20,367 3.93 24,17.z. 4.67 (ii) Barren and nucultivated land 167,160 32.28 93,700 18.09 3_ Other uncultivated land excludlDg fallow land 33,599 6.49 33,232 6.42 4. Culturable waste 21,721 4.19 26,054 5.03 5. Fallow land 64,747 12.50 55,783 10.77 6. Net area sown 161.848 31.25 143,124 27.63 Total 517,930 10.000 517,947 100.00 ( xxiii ) 28. The area sown more than once was 28,046 Crop Pattern 'hectares in 1980-81 as against 26,392 hectares 29. There are two main crops in the district viz; during 1970-71. There has been a progressive the Kharif or locally called 'barsala' and the Rabi or increase in the area covered under forests in the Unali. The Rabi crops are usually sown in November district during the last decade which rose to 27.39 and the Kharif crops begin with the first rains in per cent in 1980-81 as compared to 9.36 per cent July. The table given below records the gross area during 1970-71. utilised under food and non-food crops in the district during 1970-71 and 1980-81. 1970-71 1980-81 r------A------~, r------~------~ Type of Crops Percent to Per cent to Area gross cultiva Area gross cultiva (in hectares) ted area (in hectares) ted area - 1 2 3 4 5 Cereals &; small millets 127,904 67.95 48.48 Pulses 20.929 11.12 22.94 Sugarcane 17 0.01 6 : Condiments &; spices etc 3,273 1.74 4,691 2.74 Fruits &; Vegetables 986 0.52 1,290 0.75 B. NOD-Food Crops Oil-seeds 19,213 10.21 23,328 13.63 Cotton &; other fibre crops 1,677 0.89 4,432 2.59 Drugs &: narcotics 12 24 0.01 Gowar 9,757 5.18 8,366 4.89 Other fodder crops 4,472 2.38 6,799 3.97 Total 188,240 100.00 171,170 100.0J ( xXiv ) 30. During 1980-81 the revised a!'ea aJIJI'tf 31. During 1 980 .. Ss 1, the district stood second production statistics for the principal crops in the ig. the production of castor-seed, eighth in other smalt district wera as under : miNets and cotton. and tenth in rape & mustard amongst all the districts of the State contributing_ Area Produation 21.54, 3.28, 1.20 and 1.76 per cent respectively or Crop (in hectares) (in tonnes) the total production in tlw State. A. Cereals: Irrigation Rice 170 150 32. A total area of 67,188 hectares in the Jowar 4,981 202 district was irrigated during 1980-81 as compared to 48,167 hectares in the year 1970-71. Similarly, the Bajra ~ 5,365 3,463 net area irrigated was 52,960 hectares in 1980-81 as. Maize 24,057 14,001 against 40,075 hectares during 1970-71. The net_ Wheat 24,825 32.04'9 area irrigated was 37.00 per cent of the total net 3,379- 4-,193 Barley area sown during 1980-81. Wells are the principal OtfRIr smalt miltets H)",2"6"1- 1-2-6- source of irrigation. T~ depth' of the welts varies - from place to plac~. The maximum number of weU~ B. PoIses : in use are found in Reodar tehsil. Souroe.. ~ data regarding gross and net irrigated area during 1970-71 Gmm 4,32l. 3,012 and 1980-81 are given in the table below: Tur or Arhar 1.704- 5 Odaer Rabi pUlSt. 40&. 2.14' Area irrigated (in hectare.) Other Kharif pulses 32,825 216 r-----A...-~ Source Gross Net ,..--..A-_-, r---...A.__~ C. COlDIDereial crop.; : 1970-71------.---- 1980-81 197e-71 19'80-81 2 3 4 5 fa) Oil Seeds Sesamum 9,821 216 Wells 38,641 61,980 30,549 52.415 Groundnut .,534- 622 Castorseed 1,943 182 Tanks 8,747 4,799 8.147. 299- 4,377 Rape & mustard 10,016 Other sources 779 409 779 246 Linseed 1 1 Total 48,167 67,188 40,075 52,960 (b) Other Crops Sugarcane 6 237 33. In this way the gross area irrigated in the Tobacco 24 6 district rose from 48,167 hectares in 1970-71 to Cotton" 4,295 4,672 67,188 during 1980-81 thus giving a ri_ of 39.49- Chillies 692 335 per cent in the decade under review. The following_· Sanhemp* 4S 21 table gives the cropwise gross irrigated area md per cent to total area irrigated during 1970-7 1 and. *Production in bales of 170 kgs e-acb. 1980-81 : ( xxv YEARS ,---_____..A.. _____ .-. ~ 1970--71 1980-81 r--__..A..- ..~ Crops r----~---, Gross area Gross area irrigated Per cent irrigated Per cent (in hectares) (in hectares) 2 3 4 5 A. Food Crops 40,590 84.27 44,975 66.94 Cereals & millets 35,669 74.05 34,955 5203 Pulses 1,035 2.15 4,510 6.71 Other food crops 3,886 8.07 5,510 8.20 B Non-Food Crops 7,577 15.73 22,213 33.06 Oil-seeds 3,255 6.76 11,147 16.59 Fodder crops 3,372 700 6,829 10.16 Other non-food crops 950 1.97 4,237 6.31 34. Under the plan schemes, three medium 38. The table given below indicates location of projects completed in the district are Bhoola,Oda and the various types of veterinary institutions functioning Weill Banas which were able to irrigate an additional in the district durmg 1980-8 I : are" d. 6.7 thousand hectares during 1979-80. Institutions 35 During 1980-81, the work on seven minor Tehsil r------_..A..___ -----. irrigation Schemes viz; Smgarli Khera, Jeerawat and Hospital Dispensary Key-Village Block Mandarnala (Reodar tehsil), Mungthala, Kui-Sangna and Bhaisa Singh (Abu Road tehsll) and Angor 1 2 3 4 (Slrohi tehsil) was under progress. A sum of Rs. 62.38 Lakhs had been spent on the construction of Sheoganj Sheoganj these schemes by the end of February, 1981. Sirohi Sllohi Kalandri ADimal HusbaDdry Pindwara Pindwara Nitora 36. AccordlOg to the Livestock Census 1977, Abu Road Abu Road Upalgarh Abu Road there were 765.220, heads. Out of the total livestock Mount Abu Jarnboori wealth in 1977,34.42 per cent were goats, 31.33 per cent cattle, 24.78 per cent sheep. 8.29 per cent Reodar Reodar Mandar bUffaloes and the remaining 1.1 8 per cent were Dantrai Anadra camels, donkeys, horses & ponies and pigs_ During this period, mules numbered only four. 39. During the year 1980-81 in the key village block functIOning at Abu Road, 598 cattle were 37. Rearing of catlle is an important source of provIded natural services through improved stud bulls, livelihood in the district. During 1980-81, 27 camps 32 were treated who were effected from barreness, and 138 seminars were organised in the district for 356:werc castrated and I J,039 were vaccinated for developing the activities relating to animal husbandry. preventmg diseases among them. Under the key During the year under reference 70 meetings of sheep Village block estabiished at Abu Road, ten sub breeders were held and one exhibition was organised. centres were also functioning. SI4 ( XXV~ ) 40. Two mobile veterinary units are functioning 46. There has been a remarkable progress in one each at Sirohi and Rohira. In other to check the di'ltrict in the field of rural electrification The and control the mter-state rinderpest disease among district ranks second in the State in this regard as it cattle, a check post has also been established at had provided electricity to 381 villages up to the end Swaroopganj Durmg this period, three 'Gaushalas' of March, I 98 I . By this p~riod, 4,206 wells had Were also founi in existence in the district. been electrified. By the end of March, 198 I, 103 Scheduled Castes and Tribes colonies Were electrified 41. The important sheep bre;!d found in the as c.>mpared to only 36 in March, 1980. district is 'l\.farwari' while the goat breed available in the district is known as 'S,rohi br(!<>d', which is 4'. Electric transmission hnes of single circuit mainly a milch type. Prior to 1980-8 I, there of I 32 kv frOJn Debarl to Sirohi of 1 17.00 km. and existed only one sheep & wool extension c,:!ntr.! in the Sirohi to BhlOmal and Jdlor each of 61 00 km. have district at Sirohi During 1980-81, four additional been set up till March, 198 1 . During the year centres were estabirshed at Abu Road, Reodar, Sheo 1980-81, the c:Jnsumption of electricity in the district ganj and Pindwara was 44.069 million kwh as per details given below; 42. The district also offers a good scope for Consumption Purpose pisciculture For this purpose there i'l a facIlity of (in Million kwh.) various water sources viz; Trevortal. Pipe".!, Bund Bhoola Tuda and the tanks known a<; Achalgarh (Abu Road tehsil), Rene1a (Sirohi tehsll). SWM;)OP Sagar 1. Domestic (Slrohi town) and Naya Sanwara (Prndwara tehsll) (i) Heat and Power 0.092 (il) Lights and fans 2.562 43. The total poultry in the district according 2. Commercial (Non-domestic) 2.199 to the Livestock Census 1977 was 22,529 Out of the total poultry in 1977, 22,475 (99.76%) were 3. rndustrial fowls and the rest 54 (0 24%) were ducks including (i) Small & Medium Voltage 3.276 eight of other_types. (ii) High Voltage 0.811 4. Public Lighting 0.419 Agrlcqltural Implements and Machinery 5. Agriculture 31.438 44 According to the Livestock Census 1977, there were 37.088 ploughs (35,576 wooden and 6. Public Water Works 1.468 1.512 iron), 11.181 animal drawn carts and 1,180 7. Others 1.804 other bullock drawn or manually operated implements in the district. A total of 3 I sugarcane crushers Total 44.069 were recorded while plant protection equipment including sprayers and dusters numbered 87. During this period. 2,660 oil engines with pumping sets and 48. During 1979-80, the number of electrIC 699 electrical pump sets were in use for irrigation consumers in the district was 10.1 18 for domestic. purposes. Besides, there were 72 'Ghanies', 663 3,942 for commercial. ),255 for agriculture, 315 tractor operated implements, 224 four"whceled tractors, for industrial, 100 for public water Power aDd Electricity 49. The district i<; industrially backward liS it is 45. No hydro-electric power is availbJe in the not very much rich in power and raw materials which district. However, thermal power is available at four could support a diversified programme of m:1nu. places namely Sirohi, Abu Road, Mount Abu and facture. There were only six registered f ------Type of roa~s (in kibrnctt·cs ) Year r------...A------, Fair weather & dressed-up Total Painted Metalled Gravelled tracks ------_ --- --_-_ ------_- _------2 3 4 5 6 ------_ ------~------_ ------1970-71 732 446 65 60 161 1971-72 741 465 65 50 161 1972-73 772 465 125 89 93 1973-74 778 492 135 55 96 1974-75 788 508 125 55 100 1975-76 866 471 179 136 '74 1976-77 866 480 190 134 f2 1977-78 867 481 190 134 62 1978-79 867 487 184 134 62 ] 979-80 867 51 I 166 128 62 1980-81 881 557 157 102 65 68. As indicated in the abov~ table, there were connected by Western Railway and is on the [)elhi 881 km. roads In the district durlllg 1980-81, of Ahmedabad route. The metre g:lUge enters the distnct which 63.22 per cent were pamted. 17.82 per cent at Mori Bera and crosses It at Mawa!. There are metalled, I 1.58 per cent gravelled and the rest eleven railway stations in th,} district. Passengers (65 km. i. e. 7.38%) were fair weather & dressed bound for and commmg from Sirohi and Mount Abu up tracks. have to detain or take tram at Sirohi Road and Abu Road railway statIOns respeclively. However, there 69. In the year 1981, 3,186 vehicles were is no airstrip 10 the district. registered in the district, of which motor cycles, tri cycles and scooters alone were reported to be 36.47 7 I. The Publie Works Department maintains per cent, tractors & trailors accounted for 25 08 per the rest houses at Sirohl, Kllandri, Anadra, Sanwara, cent while private cars and jeeps 24.51 per cent, Mandar, Abu Road, Mount Abu, Pindw~ra, SW,lfOOP pUblic and private carriers 8 0 1 per cent, stage ganj, Sheoganj, Od~ etc. in the district. Mount Abu carriages 4.33 per cent and the rest 5 I (including town has several Oak Bangalows and rest houses seven other type of vehicles) i. c. ! .38 per cent maintained by the State Government and Government comprised of contract & taxi carriages. All the of India. important places of the district are connected with bus routes. Upto 1980-8 I 24 routes with a route 72. During 1979-80, there were 147 post distance of 4,332 km. w~re nationalised under oflices, 24 telegraph offices, I 5 public call offices an4 Sirohi Depot. seven telephone exchanges in th: district. In 1980, there were 12,180 broadc:lst receiving sets in the 70. The first metre gauge line in the dIstrict district of which as many as 10,295 wer~ utilised for was opened in December, 1880 and was a part of domestic purposes, 280 for commercial anJ the rest Rajputana-Malwa Railway. Presently, the district is 1,677 were used for other purposes. ( XXx ) Local bodiei and Co-opertive Movement labour and district co-operative institute etc. On~ Central Co-operativc Bank and one Primary Land 7 J. There are municipal boards at Slrohi, Mount Mortgage B,lDk with 129 and 12,198 members Abu, Abu Road, Sheoganj and Pmdwara. The maIO Icspectlvely were also functiontng. A total of 68 source of incom"! of these mUOlcip:lliti~s is octroi. SOCietIes with membership of 543 were under How.!ver, the other sources of income are Grants-in lIquidation during the pel iod under review aid, s:tle of land. license fee etc. SimIlarly, the exp.::nditure items of these muniCipalities interalia, 76. During the period under review. the share inclUde drainage, sanitation, public lighting, water and working capItals of these soclches were about supply, construction and other development works. Rs. 118.71 lakhs and 973.34 lakhs respectIvely whll\; deposits and borrowmgs amounted to Rs. 203.38 74. A three-tier s),stcm of lo.;al Government lakhs and 530.05 lakhs respectively. The amount Gram Pdnehayat at the Village level, Panchayat Samltl of loans advanced by these societies was R<;. 472.88 at the Block levd and the Zlla'Parishad at the dIstrict lakhs while recoveries made amounted to Rs. 360.00 I ..wel IS functioning in the dl!.trict as in other parts Idkhc;. of the State. After the ushering in of the Panchayat Raj ID the State five Pan.:hayat Samlties have been Other DeveloplDental Activities functioning In the district, one each at Slcohi, Abu Rond, Pmdwara, SheoganJ and Reodar. The juris 77. Various development schemes and the diction of each of the Panchayat Samlties is Drought Prone Area Programmes have bee.l launched co-terminus wilh the corresponding tehsil. These m the dIstrict to cope with the famine striken condi Panchayat Samities arc under the control of the Zila tions. About twelve thousand persons were employed Parishad headed by Zlla Pramukh as its chairman during the year 1980-8 I through the works started but are administra·ively f>upervlsed by the Collector of under dIfferent agencies, departm(!nts and National the district who is also the ex-officio District Develp Rural Employment Schemes. In ordo!r to gIve ment Offic'!r. A Panchayat S::imiti is mainly employment to mOle and morc people, the district responsible for various developmental activities in admmlstratJon sanctioned 254 'Works in the district its area, which include, an.ong other thlOgs, the through Panchayat Samities out of which 145 works implementation of the community development were started by the end of March, 1981. These programmes. Goveri111lent has posted skIlled work'> were providmg employment to 1,280 persons p,'rs:mnel, technicians and agricultural extension during the po:riod BeSides 3.952 persons were officials in these Panchayat Samities f<'r providing cmployed in other departmental programmes, under guidancc and assistance to the villagers. taken by the distnct authorities. 75. Bylhc end of June. 1971 thcre were 283 73. DUring 1980-81, undo!r the agricultural cooperative SOCIeties various of types (including one extension programmes started with the help of the each of Central Co-operativc Bank and Primary Land World Bank, the agriculturists have been provided Morlgage Bank) in the district having 22,652 members; with the technical guidance. For industrial devdop but the number of sociel:cs got reduced to 194 by ment Khadi Gramodyog also sanctioned about June, 1981 'Whereas the number of members increased Rs 68.6 thousand as loans and Rs, 16.5 thousand to 70,50 I. Of the total number of co-operative as subsidy durmg this period. Besides. the construc societies in 1981, therc were 63 agricultural credit tion work of a cement factory by J K. Group was societies with 49,742 members, 14 housing societies also started in the district during 1980-81. with 559 members, 10 industrial co operative SOCieties with 190 members, 7 non-agricultural 79, In the co-operative sector, Land Mortgage non-clcdlt societies with 189 members, 6 labour Banks had provided loans for the construction of contract societies with 102 members, 5 non-agri new wells and deepening the old ones and also for cultural credit societies with J ,71 0 members, 4 installing pumping sets and purchasing tractors. primary consumer societies with 699 members and During the year 1980-8 I, a loan of Rs 40.75 lakhs 3 each of the marketing, sheep breeding and was disbursed upto February, 1981 by this bank for farming societie's with membership of 1.299, 55 and such activities. Besides, Central Co-op.:'rative Bank 45 respectively The other 6 societies with 3.041 also provided short and medium term loans for the members were related to weavers, fisheries. forest same purposc. ( xxxi ) 80. Under the water supply schemes, potable is also organised 111 several other villages in the water was made aVd.ilable to the perwns living in district. fiftecn villages during 1980-81. Twenty-one villages w.;re benefitted by providIng drinkieg water facilities Rishikesh Mahadeo Fair under Hand Pump Scheme. For providinp: drinking A fair is held annually neal' vilbge Umarni water f.J.citities to persons belongmg to Scheduled (Abu Road tehsll) on Bhadra Pada Sudl 1 I. Around Castes and Scheduled Tribes, a sum of Rs 5.73 lakhs 10,000 persons ass;!mble Ii1 this r.m· from the was spent during this period. neighbourmg areas and worship the deity. 8 I. 111 order to bnog the economiC, social and 83. Among the other important fairs held in educational up Jiftment of Scheduled Castes and the district, mention may be made of Gor's and Scheduled Tnbe~, a sum of Rs. 2.50 lakhs was MegnwaOl's fairs held at Siyawa and Mungthala in jnclIrrcd upto February, 1')8 I. BeSides, the scho)o I Abu Road tehsll, Mahadeojl and Sabhugji Mahadeo going ,hlldren who were deaf, dumb or otherwise fairs at Amh and waloriya in Pindwara tehsd. handicapped were awarded scholarship of 25 2 Several other fdlrS of Jocd.1 importance are also thousands by the Social Welfare Department. orgal1lsed at various places in the dlstn.:t. Additionally, seven d:s:.lbled persons were provided Rs. 7.6 thousand f\)r purchasing machlllery and 84. As in other distracts of the State, the equipment for starting their own household industries. prinCipal Hmdu festivals arc Holl, Diwaii, Dashera, Raksha-Bandhan, Sheetla Saptmi, Gangaur and Akha Social and Cultoral Activities Teej The chief Muslim festivals are Muharram, Fair and Festivals Idul-Fltr, Idul Zuha, Shab-e-barat and BJrawafat. 82. Most of the fairs held in the district are Places of Religious, Historical and Archaeological either religious or sccial in nature which have also importance and Tourist interests some commercial importance and are organised on some specific dates. These fairs besides being an 85. Following places are of great intercst 111 the important source of joy and get-together also provide district: income to the local bodies. The important fairs organised in the district are described below Mount Abu The town u the only summer resort in Rajas Gaulamji Fair than and records a population of 12.7 I 3 according to 1981 Census. It is approached by a circuitous This fair is held at Choteela's Pahari in Sheoganj road from Abu Road railway st,ltion. The actu:lI tehsil on Chaitra Sudi 13 every ye:u. Nearly 30,000 people congregate in the fair mostly belonging to the ascent is marked by sharp turns ~\nd deep chasms a.ld communitie.. of Bhils and Minas. gorges, passing through picturesque natur.ll scenery, fringed with trees of primeval forest and T1vulets. A Sarneshwar /I,fahadeo Fair tourist bureau and a game sanctuary w<:re set up here in 1958-59 and 1960-6 I respectively The It is anually held at Sarneshwar temple near important places worth-seell1g in and around the Sirohi town on 12th day of second h1.lf of Bhadra town are as follows : pada. Among the participants, the chief are Rebaries who are said to settle their caste disputes on Delwara Temples this occasion. About 10,000 persons participate in this fair. These are about two and half kilometres from Nakki lake toward3 Achalgllrh and is a place of Sheetla Mala Fair pilgrimage for the Jains. The Delwara temples are famous as the best specimens of stone carving of This fair IS held at Sirohi on Chaitr.l. Badi 7 mediaeval India. The main group consists of five every year. Around I 0,000 persons belong1l1g to temples constructed almost entirely of white marble. all communities participate in the fair for worship Of these five temples, only two temples, of V.mal ping the Mata. The Mata is believed to brmg relief Vasahi and of Tejpala are more famous. The former to persons affected by small pox. Sheetla Mata fair was built by Vim ala Sah (an officer of the Chalukya ( xxxii ) king Bhima I) in 1,031 A.D. while the latter belongs A historical place-'Dudh Baori' is also situated to the 13th century and was built by the two famous at the bottom of Arbuda Devl's temple which is said brothers, Vastupal and Tejpal and is dedicated to to have always been filled with milk which was Neminath, the 22nd Tuthankar of the Jains. The consumed by the 'Rishies'. most striking feature of the Tejpal is the marble pendant in the dome of the porch. It drops from Achalgarh the ceiling like a cluster of half-open lotuses whose The fort of Ach31guh is situ.:ited in the north cups arc so finely wrought that they appear to be east of Delwara temples at about a distance of five almost transparent. It has it:; elephant-room which kilometres and is famous for being old stronghold in much larger, and is enclosed by a pierced screen of of the Paramaras of Chandrawati and Abu and also open tracery. Of the remaining three Jain temples, fot" Achaleshwar temple. 'M3.ndakini TanK' - a water one is located outside the group across the road whIle reservoir is just b.!fore the temple. The water of the the second is dedicated to ParasQath(calIed Chaumukha) tank is considered to be as holy as that of the and the third is named as temple Adinath. At the G~nges. To the south of the tank is an enclosure spot known as 'Balam Rasiya' behind the group of containing several shrines, notably that of the Jain temples are the remains of old Hmdu temples. Achaleshwar. Toe-nail of God Shiva is an object of great sanctity and ira front of the temple IS a big Nakki Lake brass 'Nandi' (the bull with Lord ShlVa on its back) It is most picturesquely situated between high Besides, several other Images are also placed. Bhara hills except at the western end from where one can than caves which arc not fdr away can also he easily see a view of the plain through a gorge. The beauty visited. Guru Shikhar, the highest spot in Mount of Mount Abu town is much enhanced by this lake Abu. is at a short distances beyond Achalgarh. which is an artificidl sheet of water and is said to h:.tv~ been excavated by the finger-nails (nakhl) of the Gao Mukh gods and hence named as such. There are a number It is approachable by a metalled rO!ld from of rocky islets 10 the lake having palm trees. Boats Nakki lake to the t'!mple of Hanum:1nji from where are also available for a cruise. Besides. there are ascent starts for this place. It is at a distance of several caves in the adjoining hillocks of which the about ten kilom~tres from Abu and is one of the prominent ones are 'Hathi Gupha', 'Champa Gupha' beauty spots where a little steam flows and looks like and 'Ram Jharokha'. a replica of a cow's mouth (Gao Mukh). Close by is the temple of Vashlstha where the idols of Rama. NUll QI,d Toad Rocks Lakshman and Vashistha are seen. Numerous image., At a short distance from Nakki lake there are are found lying about of which the oldest is the two r"cks called Nun and the Toad for their resem fire-pit, where the four Agnicula Clans are said to blance in outhne to a veiled woman and an immense have been originated near the temple. toad respectively. Ajar; Sunset Point This is a sm!lll village in Pindwara tehsil at a This place is famous as a tourist interest as it distance of five kilometres south of Pindwara on the presents a marvellous phenomena of the setting sun way leading to Abu Road. To the north-west of the like the hanging red ball from the peak of hillock. Village, there is a temple of Mahadeo. The scenery is picturesque, honey·combed with date-trees and a Arbuda Del';'s Temple small rivulet fJows nearby. It is a fine picnic spot. A small white temple is built out of a natural Markandeshwar Rishi is said to have meditated here. cleft on the side of the hill which is popularly known There are small images of god Vishnu and goddess 'Adhar Devi' or 'Arbuda Mata' or Ambika-a tutelary S:uaswati. Nearby is a pond known as 'Gaya-Kund' goddess of Abu. The shrine lies in the rock below where people immerse the mortal remains of their the temple. The place can be approached by two dear ones. different routes one from Nakki lake via Adam Hospital and the other by a side track intersecting the Derasuri DeJwara road. This is a place near Saranwa hills to the west ( xxxiii ) of Sirohi Road. There are fourteen lain temples 86. Other worth-seeing places 10 the district which are famous for their sculpture. The place is are Village Jhadoli (SheoganJ tehsll) and leerawal famous for its beautiful surround mg. (Reodar tetsil) famous for their Jain temples; Chan drawati (Abu Road tehsil) being an ancient city, Rohira Karudidhwaj temple about 38 kilometres south-east of Sirohl town; Kolar Ambeshwar famous for Shiva It is a village 10 PlOdwara tehsil and is situated temple (Sheoganj tehsil) and also a picnic spot: on the way going from Sirohi town to Sirohi Road. Matarmata-place in the hills near Sirohi town There are three temples of archaeological importance attractive because of its scenery, small rivulets, tall near by, of which two are located outside the village trees and a temple; Village Mungthala (Abu Road and one wlthm the village Itself. Among these tehsll) famous for its three tf"mples; Pindwara having temples, the first belongs to Thakurji (Vishnu) the an old temple dedicated to the Sun god; Swaroopganj second to Rajeshwar Mahadeo and the third temple for being a good gram Mandi; Sarneshwar temple is of' Laxmi Narayan. about three kilometres to the north of Sirohi town famous for its temple of Shri Sarneshwarjl,; Basant Wasa garh (Pmdwara tehsll) havmg an old fort and a There is a fine temple of Surya (the sun god) Kshemarya temple, a shrine of Khimel Mata to the of the eleventh or twelflh century on the outskirts west of fort. Besides, Vyas Tlfth, Nag Tirth, Hanu of village Wasa (Pmdwara tehsil). The Village has a man Ashram, Lakh Chaurashi, Kumbha Swami temple with a 'Lingum' in the shrine and an image of temple, Kheti-Kund, Mrig Ashram, Vashthanji, 'TJrthankar' over its door. Jamdagni, the 'famous Village Onya, Satsang Ashram and Kunwan Kanya Tlrth' is about three kilometres north of village Wasa. are the other nNeworthy places. which is said to be the Ashram of Jamdagnl Rlshi. Si S HISTORY OF DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK Prior to 1 95 I, Census Reports were printed time in 1961 Census the maps for the district and for the whole province/state. The idea of preparing tehsils were also included in the District Census the District Census Handbooks separately for each Handbooks. district was conceived during t 951 , Census as a part of a plan intended to secure an effective method of 4. In 1 97 1 Census series of District Census preserving the Census data beluw the district level. Handbooks villagewlse 'Village Directory' giving The idea was that all the district census tables should services, facilities or amenities available in the village be bound together in 1\ single volume called the was given. 'Town Directory' was introduced for the first District Census Handbook. Since then the District time giving useful information in respect of every town Census Handbooks are being published regularly. of the district. Rural Primary Census Abstract upto Village level and Urban Primary Census Abstract upto 2. The 195 I Census senes of District Census enumeration block level were given in District Census Handbooks were printed 10 two parts. Part I contained Handbooks. While the District, Tehsil and Town five General Population Tables (A Series), three maps were included, the inclusion of Census Tab\es EconomIc Tables (B Series), five Household and Age was dispensed with in the District Census Handbooks Tables (C Series), and seven SOCIal and Cultural Tables in 197 t Census. (0 Series). In Part-II of DlstfIct Census Handbook "Prim ray Census Abstract and Village Directory" 5. The scope of 1981 series of Distflct Census which showed the basic popUlation figures for each Handbooks has been enlarged specially in relation to village or town classified by livelihood classes, were in amenities and land-use pattern. Apart from new items cluded along wIth some information of general nature. like uses of eJectflcity, details af communication points, information for which was not collected in 3. The 1961 Census series of District Census 1971 Census, a note on each district covering general Handbooks were printed in single volume in which information on its history, topography, fiora, fauna Primary Census Abstract up to village and town/ward and administrative set up etc. has also been added. level and Village Directory upto village level were given. The format of the Primary Census Abstract has also Besides, some official statistics collected from various been restructured in the light of changes in economic state departments, four General Population Tables and other questions canvassed in the 198 I Census but (A Series), sixteen Economic and Household Tables at the same time, all efforts have been made to retain (B Series), seven Social and Cultural Tables (C Series), comparability with 1971 Census data. The inclusion four Housing Tables (E Series) and eight Special Tables of Special Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes were also Castes and Tribes at the Tehsil!Town level is another provided in District Census Handbooks. For the first innovation introduced in 1981 Census series. SCOPE OF VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY AND PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT In Part-A of the District Census Hand shown against the name of the referrent village if they book, named as Village and Town Directory, an are avaIlable wi1hin the Village with the help of attempt has been made to present information various codes. The code structure relating to various regarding various amenities/facilities available in every columns has been given in the beginning of Section-I rural/urban tlnIt of the State. The unit of the rural to Part-A of thiS book. The number of each type arcas is village and that of urban area is town/urban of amenity has been indicated in parenthesis after agglomeration. Information regarding rural areas the suitable code in case of educational, medical, and Census Towns has been gathered through and post and telegraph faCilities. Patwaries while that in respect of urban areas other than Census Towns has been collected through 4. If any amenity is not available within the the concerned Municipality/Cantonment Board/ village a dash (-) has been shown in the relevant Notified Area Committee. In order to have the column and next to it, the distance of the nearest aforesaid information authenticated, the concerned place from the referrent village where the facility is departments and agencies were also contacted to avaIlable has been given in broad distance ranges viz., furnish informatIOn avaIlable with them. All the -5 km. 5-10 km & l0--1-km. mformation gathered about amemtles relate to year ] 980 and those pertaining to land-use pattern pertain 5. The following pattern has been adopted for to S~mvat year 2036 I.C. the agricultural year ending indicating the educational institutIOns:- on thc 30th June, 1980 ( I) Schools upto class V have been treated as Village Directory primary schools. They include Nursery 2. It will bc helpful at the outset to have an Idea Schools, Kinder garten Schools, Pre-baSIC' and of the Items for which information has been included Pre-Primary Schools and Junior Basic Schools In the Village Directory InformatIOn III respect of l.lp to class V. each vIllage has been presented through a twenty (11) column-format in which vJ!l~ges have been presented All schools having classes VI to VIII have been treated as MIddle Schools. In order of their location codes usslgned ut tehsil level. The first four columns give general information i.e. location code number, name, area in hectares, (ill) All schools having classes IX and X have populatIOn and number of households reSiding in been treated as Secondary Schools. villages as per Census t 981. The amenities available in the vdlcgc have been shown in columns 5-14. The (iv) All schools having classes XI and XII have ~nformatlon regarding land-usc pattcrn has been given been treated as Higher Secondary Schools. ~n columns I 5-19 and column 20 contains speCial They include Semor Cambridge Schools, ~nformation about the village, if any, includmg Schools under 10-1 2 scheme, Intermediate, !nfo~mation regardmg places of religious, histOrIcal or Pre-University and Junior College etc. archaeological ipterest. In case of umnhabited Villages the information h and adult literacy classes/ centres have been shown 1 Forest unde: 'o!h'!rs'. It denotes those lands which havc been termed as forest by the competent authority. 7. In case of Medical Institutions, Hospitals and Dispensaries, Allopathy, Ayurvedic, Unani and II Irrigated land Homoeopathy, have been shown together. Other Institutions include all types of Yogic, Naturopathy, It relates to land which has actually been irrigated Hospitals, Dispensaries, Leprosy Centre etc. m the referrent year. The source wise break-up has not been presented as no such mform3.tion was 8. In case there are more than one source of available in respect of the net irrigated area. potable water faclltty available in the village all SUch sources have been shown separately. Postal amenities III Unirrigated land include Post Office, Telegraph Office and Telephone The term covers all the unirngated land which are shown separately. Actual day or days of cultivated during the referrent year and land market/hat have been shown wherever such marketl lying fallow upto four years. hat is held. IV Culturable waste 9. In case there are more than one communi It includes G,lucher i. e. pasture and grazing cation faciiJties these have been indicated separately by land and tree-groves. relevant code s. Approach to the village refers to the state of roads etc. leading to the village from the V Area not al'ailable for Cultivation communication centres i.e. bus stand/railway station etc. This is to give an idea whether the village is It refers to land which has not been classified in easIly approachable in all types of weather or becomes any of the above mentioned types and also include~ inaccessible for sometime in the year. Where there house-sites, roads, rlVers, nullahs, hillocks etc. are more than one approach roads these have been indicated separately by relevant codes. I 3. Information regardIng newspaper circulation and auto-vehicles and tractors has also been shown in the 'remarks' column besides mentioning places of 10. Information regarding the nearest town religious, historical or achaeological interest therein. indicates the name of such town alongwith the distance from the referrent village Irrespective of the fact I 4. The following four appendices have also whether such town is located Within Rajasthan or in been provided to present the position obtaining in some other adjoining states. In case of town situated tehsil and district as a whole regarding various in states other than Rajasthan, the concerned State amenities available in rural areas, Villages claSSified by has been mentioned against its name in parenthesis characteristics of the population and land-use pattern with the help of abbreviations. The term 'town' here in Census Towns in connection with th~ Village refers to one of those urban centres which have been Directory: treated as towns in the concerned State during I 981 Census. ( i) Tehsilwise Abstract of educational, medical and other amenities. 11. In order to give an idea about the uses which electricity is put to. the information has been (ii) Land Utilisation data in respect of Census given under the head "power supply" if it is available Towns. in the village. Staple food refers to the grains consu (iii) Tehsilwise list of those inhabited villages where med by the majority of the population in the village no educational, medical, drinking water, post during the major portion of the year and where a and telegraph, day of the market/hat, variety of foodgrains is consumed, the combination communication and power supply facilities are has been indicated. The grains mentioned first is the available. one which gets first preference. (iv) Tehsilwise list of villages according to the proportion of Scheduled Catses/Scheduled Tribes Land Use Pattern populaton to total population by ranges. It 12. The land-use pattern has been presented consists of two parts: Part-A relates to Scheduled under the following five headings :- Castes and Part-B to Scheduled Tribe'\. ( xxxvii ) Town Directory Statement I 15. Particulars about each town have becn 20. It deals with the status and growt!l hJs~ory presented in the form of six: statements. In towns of the town. Columns 1 to 6 give information where there are notified slums an additional statement regarding class, name and civic status of the town, its (IV-A) has also been given in which information location code number, name of the Tehsil in which regarding civic and other amemties available in the It is situated, its area in sq. km. and number of notified slums have been shown. In each statement households includmg houselcss homeholds residmg in towns have been arranged in alphabetical order. the town as per 198 I Census. The class of the town has been determmed on the baSIS of Its popUlation 16. As has been explamed earlier. urban as per Census 198 I and the civic admimstration status agglomeratIOns are of two types: first those constituted relates to the year 1980. Columns 7 to 15 show the by two or more mdependent towns and second those popUlation of the town III different decenmal censuses where the urban characteristics have developed in the begmnmg frol11 190 I upto 198 I. The growth rate In adjoining rural areas which have developed as terms of pc-rcentage in respect of previous census has out-growth of the referrent town. been shown below the populati)n figures pertainmg to each Census beginning from column 8 onwards. 17. Where an urban-agglomeration includes two 0 r more independent towns, the names of towns 21. A "dash' under these columns md!cates constitutmg the agglomeration have been indicated in that the referrent town did not have an urban status the alph:tbetlcal arrangement but their names have in the referrent Census. Density of popuLl.tion p.!r also been repeated in the alphabetical order under the sq. km. as per Cens'JS 198! has been shown in column name of the agglomeration after the name of the mam 16 and sex-ratio (number of females per I ,000 males) or core town and mformation relating to these has have been indicated for three Censuses VIZ. 196 I to been shown here. The particulars of the constituent I 98 I in columns 17 to 1 9. units of the agglomerations have not been repeated wherever they occur separately m the alphabetical order Statement II and a note "See referrent-agglomeratlOn" has been 22. This statement gives information about given against such names. The lines relating to the the physical aspects and bcatlOnal P:lftlcuhrs of the information regarding urban agglomeration as a whole town in 1979. First two columns give the "erial have not been numbered but the constItuent units as number, name and status of the town. Column 3 and when they occur in the alphabetical order have to 5 deal with the physical aspects VIZ. ramfall and been numbered so that the last number agrees with the temperature. Rainfall figures are the average of the total number of towns in the district concerned. In ramfall for the Jast ten years endmg 1979-80. If respect of statements II, III and VI in the Jines the information in respect of ramfall IS not available relating to agglomeration a note "See constituent for any town it has been given for the nearest place units" has been shown and information has been for which it is available. Ramf,lll has been shown in provided separately in respects of all the constituents millmetres per annum. Maximum and minimum below it. temperatures have been given in centigrade. If the information regardmg temperature is not 1 8. In case of towns having out-growths, an available in respect of any town it has been given asterisk mark has been placed against their names. for the nearest place for which it is available, ~nformation in respect of out-growths has been and the name of the centre has been shown in foot Included ill the concerned town and has not been note. shown separately. 23. The location of the town with respect to 1 9. The amenities and other data have been varjous administrative headquarters and nearest city indicated by codes. A list of columnwise code is indicated in columns 6 to 9. While showing the structure and other abbreviations used in each location of the referrent town with respect of various stat~ent has been provided at the beginning of administrative headquarters, names and their distance SectIon-II of Part-A of this book. from the referrent town In km. have been given in parenthesis below the name of the place where It is We may now discuss the various Town Directory situated. In case the referrent town itself l1appens S tatements. to be the seat of the administrative headquarters, ( xxxviII ) this distance has been shown zero. Information muniCipality. Other !oources of expenditure have been regardmg the nearest city of popUlation one lakh or specified where possible but mostiy then' ~re of more has been given in respect of its situation with miscellaneous nature. in the State or even if this cIty may be situated in other State. In case the nearest city happens to be Statement IV situated in other State, the name of the concerned State has been shown against the name of the city in 26. This statement deals with the civic and parenthesis. How the referrent town is approachable other types of public amenities and prOVides infor IS given in columns 10 to 12 which indicate the mation about road lengths, system of sewerage, types availability of Communication1 faCilities viz. railway of latrines, method of disposal of night-soil, protected station, bus-route and navigable river/canal within 10 water-supply, availability of fire-fighting service and km. There is no navigable river or canal in Rajasthan. electrification, besides general information. In case of water-supply the source of water as also the system Statement III of its storage have been shown. The storage capacity 24. It gives Information about the finances of has been shown in Iitres. In case of disposal of the Civic body controlling the local civil administration night-soil and protected water-supply, particulars have and it has been presented in '00 rupees. A 'dash' been given in respect of two methods/sources in order In this statement IndIcates that no receipt or expendi of their importance if more than one existing in ture has occurred under the particular head and 'N' the town. In case fire-fighting service is not available reprcsc!1ts negli['lble amount. First three columns give in the town the name of the nearest place if in the gencral infurmation, columns 4 to 10 present receipt same district or the name of the nearest distnct If in unde!" bror.d ca t"gories and total receIpt and columns the same State or other State where available along I 1 to I 7 prc::cnt expenditure under broad categories with distance from the referrent town has been and total ell.pcnditurc. The receipt and expenditure mentioned. has been presented under SIX broad categones each. While receipt through taxes implies all receipts from Statement IV-A tuxes oblig~tcry or others and revenue derived from municipal p0wer and property, it also includes income 27. Information about notified slums III Class I derived from holding of fairs and exhibitions, supply and II towns has been shown In thiS statement in of milk, hcencc fcc, cattle-ponds, fines, and penalties, order to give an Idea about the amenities aVailable to transport services, places of entertainment, allotment the slum-dwellers. Particubrs about paved roads, sale/lease of land and rent etc. Government grants system of sewerage, number of t.iP pointsipublic lllclude per c~pita grant, grant from Public Works hydrants fur supply of protected water and clectrifica Department and grant from the Social Welfare and tion h,wc been pro' 25. E,<:pendiiure on general administration 28. Particulars of medical, educational, recrea covers salary and wages of staff, contingent expenditure tional and cultural facilities available in the town have on stsff, grants, loans and advances to the staff etc. been given in this statement and the number of each Expenditure on public safety covers fire-fighting, type of these facilitles has also been shown 1D paren lI;:ht. water and lease facilities, regulating the inesls alongwith the appropriate code. dangerous/hazardous trade/works/occupation, water supply, registration of births and deaths, dls 29. In case of medical facilites the number of pusal of garbage, rubbish and night-soil. Public beds wherever avaIlable has also been shown. heJlth and conveniences cover all types of medical Allopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani and Homoeopathic aid and nnintenance of the destitutes etc. Public Hospitals/Dispensaries have been shown separately. work .. inC'ludc maintenance and construction of roads No code has been provided for allopathic institutions and buildings and relief works in times of famine and and their numbers have been shown only in figures scarcity. Expenditure in public institutions covers Thus 'I' beside 'H' code for Hospital means an all types of social, cultural, educational, religious Allopathic Hospital. Separate codes have been provided I!lst!tJtlons er::: whic!1 ar.! run or P_U;,lI1IS.!d by the for other three sY3te.ns of medl.:;il1~, ( XXXIX) 30. If a medical or educational facility is not level. The first column shows the serial number and available In the town, the name of the nearest the second column gives th::! n3.:l1e of Dlst~'ict/T-;!hsll place, if in the same district or the name of the nearest Urban-Agglomeration/CIty/Town. Total} Rural/Urban district if in the same State or other State where levels have been mdlcated in column 3. Area of the available and its distance (in km.) from the referrent referrent umt has been mdicated in column 4 in square town has been mentioned. Details of medical insti kilometres. Columns 5 and 6 deal with the number tutions shown under 'Others' have also been explained of occupied residential houses and number of house in the footn~te below the statement V. holds residmg in the referrent unit. Information regardmg total population, including institutional and 31. Arts. Science and Commerce Colleges have houseless population, has been presented III columns been shown separately. While showing the educatio 7 to 9 with sex-wise distrIbution. nal institutions l.lpto Higher Secondary level the same procedure as adopted in case of Village Directory, has 36. Columns 10-12 and 13-15 deal With the been followed. (see para 6) In case of composite sex-wise presentatIOn ofSchedulcd Castes and Scheduled schools relevant classes have been treated separately Tnbes populatIon respectIVely. InformatIOn regarding c. g. a school having classes I to XII has been treated literates has been shown in columns 16-18. Columns as bemg composed of one Primary. one Middle, one 19-2 I deal with the sex-wise break-up of main Secondary and one Higher Secondary School. workers and columns 22-33 deal with the claSSifi cation of maID workers into four major categories, 32. All other types of educational institutions sex-wise. The first and second categories corresp;:md which are not covered in columns 6 to t 4 have to categories of workers Lls.:d in J 971 Census and been shown in column I 5 under 'Others' and include present cultivators and agricultural labourers. The technical/vocational and training institutions hke third category represents workers engaged in household Applied Art Pdinting College, Pharmacy College, industry, manufacturing, processing, servicing and Agricultural College, Teachers' Training College/ repairs correspondmg to category V (a) of the District Institutions, Music/Dance School etc. and the details Primary Census Abstract 1971. All other remaming regarding these have been shown in footnote below workers have been grouped together in the fourth the statement. category and include workers engaged In categories. III, IV, V (b) and VI to IX of the District· StatelDeet VI Primary Census Abstract 197 1 which are explained 33. This statE:ment contains particulars regar below: djng trade. commerce, industry, and banking. It gives names of three most important commodities imported, Categories of workers Descnption exported and manufactured in the town besides the of 197 I Census inclu number of banks, agricultural and non-agricultural ded in 'other workers' credit societies functioning in the town. A list of the of 1981 Census out-growths if any, alongwith their population and name of the core town has also been provided at the 1 2 end of the Town Directory. III Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, Primary Census Abstract Orchards and Allied activi 34. Primary Census Abstract has been presented ties. at three levels : IV Mining and Quarrying. ( i) District Primary Census Abstract. V (b) Manufacturing, Processing, (ii) Urban/Village Primary Census Abstract. Servicing and Repairs other (iii) Special Primary Census Abstract for than Household Industry Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes at VI Construction district level. VII Trade and Commerce 35. There are thirty nine columns in the VIII Transport, Storage and District Primary Census Abstract and the date has Communication been presented at the District/Tehsil/U. A/eity/Town IX Other Services ( xl ) Columns 34-39 deal with sex-wise distribution-of City/Town respectively. Column 3 indicates whether marglOal workers and non-workers respectively. the information is for total, rural or urban areas. Column 4 gives the .number of households with 37. There are twenty eight columns in the Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe members. Columns PrImary Census Abstract for presenting data at the 5-7 give the sex-wise distribution of Scheduled Cas.tel Urban/Village level. The first column shows the Scheduled Tribe popUlation. location code number of the unit for which the IOformation has been provided and the second 42. Columns 8-10 show the sex-wise break-up column gives the name of TehsiI/Village/Town/Ward. of literates among Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes In the case of village, area has been presented in Columns I 1-1 3 deal with the number of main workers hectares and in the case of Town/Tehsil. in square while columns 14-25 present the sex-wise break-up kilometres in column 3. of main workers into four major categories. Columns 26-28 deal with sex-wise distribution of marginal 38. Columns 4 and,S deal with the number v;orkers and columns 29-31 present the sex-wise of occupied residential houses and number of house distribution of non-workers among the Scheduled holds residing in the referrent unit. Information Castes/Scheduled Tnbes. regarding total population has been given in columns 6 to 8 with sex-wise break-up. The total population Area Figures here includes institutional and houseless population. 43. We have followed two sources as regards the presentation of area figUres. The figures for the 39. Information regarding Scheduled Caste total area of the district 11ave been taken from the and Scheduled Tribe population has been presented Survey of India. The urban area for a district has in columns 9-10 and 11-12 respectively by giving been deducted from the Surveyor General of India's sex-wise distribution. Information regarding number figures for the district as a whole to give the rtlral of literate males and females in each referrent unit area at the district level. In the case of towns, area has been given in columns 13-14. figures have been collected from the Municipalities and Tehsils and in a few cases, where outgrowths 40. Columns 15 and 16 deal with number of male (part) are formed, approximate urban areas have been and female main workers respectively while columns made use of. At the tehsll level, howe'ler, the total J 7 to 24 deal with classification of main workers area has been arnved at by adding the urban and into four major categories. Columns 25-26 deal with Tural areas, the latter having been obtained by totall male and female marginal workers and columns ing up the areas of all its constituent vIllages/part 27-28 deal with male and female non-workers. villages. Thus, it WIll be seen that while urban com ponent at the district level, the same is not true for 4 1. The data in respect of Scheduled Castes rural area, that is, tchsil level rural area figures will and Scheduled Tribes have separately been presented not add up to the rural areas as reported at the in the Special Primary Census Abstract at the District/ district level. At the district level, the total area Tehsil/U. A./City/Town level. There are thirty one and the rural area have been given in sq. km. upto columns in this format. The first two columns give one place of decimal but in case of urban centres the the serial number and name of the District/Tehsil/U.A/ same has been given upto two decimal points. CENSUS CONCEPTS For the purpose of obtaining correct infor 4. The urban criteria of I 98 I vary slightly mation and introducing uniformity, as far as possible, from that of I 96 I and 1 97 I Censuses, in that throughout the country, certain concepts and definitions the males working in activities such as fishing, logging were adopted and used in 1 98 I Census such as etc. were treated as engaged in non-agricultural Building. Census House, Household, Scheduled Caste. activity and therefore, contributed to the 75 per cent Scheduled Tnbe, Literates, Main-Workers, Marginal criterion in 1961 and 1971 Censuses whereas in Workers, Non-Workers etc. and the Rural and Urban I 98 1 Census these activities have been treated as on characteristics of the population. par with cultivation and agricultural labourer for the purpose of this criterion. Rural/Urban Areas 5. It will be noticed from the definition that there are two distinct types of urban units. In the 2. One of the basic characteristics of the popu first category are those units which satisfy criterion lation obtained through the Census is its rural and (a) by virtue of a statutory notification and are referred urban distribution. The basic unit for rural areas is to by the nomenclature as adopted in the relevant the Revenue Village which has definite surveyed notification viz. Municipal Corporation, Municipal boundaries. The Revenue Village may comprise of Board, Cantonment Board and Notified Area Comm several hamlets but for presentation of data, the entire ittee etc. The other type of urban units would be those Revenue Village has been treated as one unit. In which satisfy criteria under (b) above and which would unsurveyed villages within forest areas each habitated otherwise have been considered as rural i.e. as villages, area with locally recognised boundaries has been but for Census purposes they are referred to as Census treated as one unit. Towns or Non-municipal Towns. This is to di"t ingulsh them from what are considered statutory tOW:1S 3. Urban areas have been specially defined for under criterIon (a). It way be mentioned here that Census purposes. In the I 9 8 1 Census the saUle quite often villages which are classified for Census criteria as adopted in I 9 61 and 197 1 Censuses, have purposes as urban units under criteria (b) may been adopted, with some minor variations. Ur ~an continue to be included in the village lists in the areas in \ 98 1 Census consist of : revenue record. However, in Census publications, the relevant cross references are generally available and (a) All places with a Municipality, Corporation the reader would be able to identify such cases. or Cantonment Board or Notified Area Committee. Urban Agglomeration (b) All other places which satisfy the following 6. Tbe 1971 concept of urban agglomeration criteria: has also been ad 'pted for the 1981 Census. Very often large railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, military camps etc. come up outside the ( i) A minimum popUlation of 5,000 statutory limits of the city or town but adjoining it. Such areas may not by themselves qualify to be (ii) Atleast 75% of the m:t1e working treated as towns but if they form a continuous spread population being engaged in non with the town, they are out-growths of the town and agricultural (and allied) actiVity. deserve to be treated as urban. Such towns together with their out-growths have been treated as one urban (iii) A density of population of atlcast 400 UOit and called 'Urban Agglomeration'. An urban per sq. km. (or 1,000 per sq. mile). agglomeration may constitute: Si S ( xlii ) (a) A city with continuous out-growth (the 10. If within a large enclosed area there are part of outgrowth being outside the statu separate structures owned by different persons then tory limits hut faJlmg within the bound each such structure has been treated as one or more aries of the adjoining village or villages); separate building. Sometimes there may be a number of structur::s within an enclosed area or compound (b) One town with similar out-growth or two owned by an undertaking or company or government or more adjoinmg towns with their out which are occupied by their employees. Each such growths as in (a); structure is treated as a separate bUIlding. If such or buildings have a number of flats or blocks wh:ch are independent of one another having separate entrance (c) A city and one or more adjoining towns from a common courtyard or staircase and occupil'd with their out-growths all of which form a by different households each such flat or block has continuous spread.' been considered as a separate Census House. BUilding I I . Usually a structure has four walls and roof. 7. A building is, generally, a single structure on the But in some areas the very nature of construction of ground. Sometimes it may be made up of more than houses are such that there may not be any wall. For one component units which are used or likely to be example a conical roof and an entrance are also used as dwellings (residences) or establishments such provided. Such structures have been treated as as shops, business houses, offices, factories, wOiksheds, buildings and Census Houses, as the case may be. schools, places of entertainment, pbces of worship, 12. ]f there are more than one structure within godowns, stores etc. It is also possible that build an enclosed or open compound (premises) belonging ings which have component units may be used for a to the same person e.g., the main house, the servant's combination of purposes such as shop-cum-residence, quarters, the garage etc, the whole premises have been workshop-cum-residence, office-cum-residence etc. treated as only one building and each of the 8. Sometimes a series of different buildings are constituent separate structures has been taken as a found along a street which are joined with one another Census House provided these structures satIsfy the by common walls on either side looking like a conti definition of a 'Census House' given here after. nuous structure. These different units are practically Cenlius House independent of one another and likely to have been built at different times and even owned by different I 3. A Census House is a building or part of a persons. In such cases, though the whole structure building having a sera rate main entrance from the with all the adjoining units apparently appears to be road or common courtyard or staircase etc. used or recognised as a separate unit. It may be occupied or one building, each portion has been treated as a separate building. On the other hand, one may come vacant. It may be used for a residential or non residential purpose or both. across cases, particularly in large cities, of multi storeyed ownership flats In these cases, while the 14. If a building has a number of fla!s or structure looks like one buIld 109, the flats are owned blocks which arc independent of one another having by different persons. ]n case of such multi-storeyed separate entrances of their own from the road or a structures, havi'lg a number of flats 0" ned by different common staircase or a common courtyard leading to a persons, the entire structure has been treated as on~ . main gate, they are considered as separate Census building and each flat as a separate Census hOdse. Houses. If within a large enclosed area, there are separate buildings owned by different persons, then 9. Sometimes in metropolitan cities the local each such building is treated as one or more s~parate authorities have considered the flats in a block or ID Census House. Within an enclosed compound there large colonies as separate buildings and numbered them may be separate buildings owned by an undertaking as such. If the house-numbering system of the local or company or even government, actually in occupation authorities has been adopted as such, each 1ht has of dIfferent persons. For example, I. O. C. colony also been treated as separate buildmg in order to where the buIldings are owned by the corporation but avoid renumbering of these houses. * these are in occupation of their employees. Each such *Nn such numbering done by town authorities has been adopted for any urban unit in Rajasthan. ( xliii ) building has been reckoned as a separate bUilding. I 7. It is also pOSSible that a household uses But if in anyone of these buildings, there are, flats in another structure, e. g., a baithak, separated from the occupation of different households each flat is treated main reSidence by some distance or by other structures as a separate Census House. or by a road. In such cases, it is necessary to treat that separate structure used as boithok as a separate Census House. 1 5. It may be difficult to apply the defimtion of Census HOllse strictly in certain cases. For exampl~, 18. It is usual to find in muniCIpal towns and in an urban area, a flat has five rooms, each room cities that every site, whether bUIlt up or not, is num having a direct entrance to the common staircase or bered by the municipal authOrIties on property basis. courtyard. By definition, this has to be treated as Such open SItes, even 1 f they are enclosed by a com five Census Houses. If all those five rooms are pound wall, are not listed for census purposes. Only occupied by a single household, it is not realistic to cases where a structure WIth roof has come up is treat them as five Census Houses. In such a case, treated as a Census House and listed. But in some singleness of use of these rooms alongwith the main areas, the very nature of construction of houses is such house is considered and the entire flat is treated as that there may not be any wall. for example, one Census House. On the other hand, if two a conical roof almost touchmg the ground and an independcnt households occupy these five rooms, the entrance is also provided thus there would not be any first household hving in 3 rooms and the second wall as such. Such structures have, of course, been household occupying 2 rooms, then considering the use, the first three rooms together are treated as one treated as buildings and Census Houses. Census House and the remaining rooms as another Census House. But if each room is occupied by an 19. Pump houses, temples and other similar independent household, then each such room is structures have also been treated as Census Houses as treated as a separate Census House. these are places where people can also live. Obvio usly, such struct1:res would not be treated as Census Houses if they are so small that no person can live 16. In case of hostels, hotels etc. evtu If the in them. door of each room in whIch an Inmate lives opem to a common varandah, staircase, courtyard or common room, as it happens almost invariably, the Household entire hostel/hotel bUIlding is treated as one Census House. But if such hostels/hotels have out-houses 20. A household is a group of persons who or other structures used for different purposes or the commonly live together and would take their meals same purpose then each such structure attached to from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work the main hostel/hotel is treated as a sep:1rate Census prevent any of them from doing so. There may House. In some parts of the country, in rural areas, be a household of persons related by blood or a the pattern of habitation is such that a group of household of unrelated persons or h:wing a mix of huts located in a compound, whether enclosed or both. Examples of unrelated households are boarding unenclosed is occupied by one household. While the houses, messes, hostels, hotels, rescue-homes, jails mam residence may be located in one hut, other huts ashrams ctc. These are called 'Institutional households'. may be used for sleeping. as a kitchen, bath room, There may be one member households, two member barrhak, etc. Though each of the huts is a separate households or multi-member households. For census structure, they form a single housing unit and, there purposes, each one of these types is regarded as a fore, have to be treated collectively as a single Census 'household' • House. If some of the huts are used by one houshold and the others by a second household as residence, 2] . If a group of persons who are unrelated tt) then the two groups of huts are treated as separate each other live in a Census House but do not have ~nsus Houses. However, if there are also other huts their meals from the common kitchen, they would not m the compound used for other purposes and not as constitute an institutional household. Each such a part of the households residence such as cattleshed person has to be treated as a separate household. workshed' etc., they are treated as separate Censu~ The important link in finding out whether there is a Houses. household or not is a common kitchen. ( "liv ) Scheduled Castes I Scheduled Tribes worker/non-worker of 1961 and 1971 Censuses is discarded at the 1981 Censu'i and instead a trichotomy 22. A person is identified as a member of a of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe on the basis of is adopted. For main worker the time criteria of the perscribed lists of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled engagement in work for the major part of the year i.e. Tribes as per the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled I 83 days or more is adopted while those who worked Tribes Lists (Amendment) Order, 1976 issued by the for some time during the last year but not for the President of India. Scheduled Castes can be major part of the year i.e., 183 days or more are among Hindus or Sikhs only while a member of a treated as marginal workers. Those who had never Scheduled Tribes can profess any religion. If the worked during the last year are treated as non-workers. person belonging to a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled This trichotomy partially permits a comparability of Tribe has returned his/her cac;te or tnbe, it is reckoned 1981 Census economic data with that of 1971 as as Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe only if that well as 1961. The main workers of 1981 Census name finds place in the presCribed list. can be expected to correspond to the workers of 1971 and main workers and marginal workers of I 981 Literates together to the workers of 196 I . 23. A person who can both read and write 26. The main workers i.e those who have with understanding in any language is treated as worked for 183 days or more in the year preceding literate. A person who can merely read but C:1n not the enumeration have been further categorized as write, is not literate. It is not necessary that a person cultivators, agricultural labourers, or engaged in who is literate should have passed any minimum household industry or as 'other workers.' educatIOnal standard. However, all children of the age of 4 years or less are treated as illiterate even if the Cultivator child is going to a school and may have picked up 27. For purposes of the Census a person i:; a reading and writing a few odd words. cultivator if he or she is engaged either as employer. single-worker or family-worker in cultivation of land Main-worker, Marginal Worker and Non-Worker owned or held from Government or held from private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or 24. 'Work' may be defined as participation in share. Cultivation includes supervision or direction any economically productive activity. Such participa of cultivation. tion may be physical or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also effective super 28. A person who has given out his or her land vision and direction of work. to another person or persons faT cultivation for money. kind or share of crop and who does not even super 25. The 'Work' concept of 1961 and 1971 vise or direct cultivation of land, has not been treated Censuses, as opposed to the income or economic as cultivator. Similarly, a person working in another independence concept of the earlier Censuses, is person's land for wages in cash or kind or a combi adopted for 198 I Census, but the criteria for classi nation of both i e. agricultural labourer is not treated fication of persons as workers has been changed. While as a cultivator. Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing in the 1961 and 1971 Censuses different approaches, and harvesting and covers production of cereals and namely usual status and current status were adopted millet crops such as wheat, paddy, jowar, bajra, ragi with reference period of one year and one week for etc. and other crops such as pulses, raw jute and seasonal and regular work respectively, in the I 98 1 kindred fibre jute crop, cotton, sugarcane, groundnuts, Census the usual status approach has been adopted tobacco etc. and does not include fruit growing, vege uniformly for all work. In 1961 a person qualified table growing or keeping orchards or groves or as a worker if he had worked regularly during the last working on plantations like tea, coffee, rubber, cinc season or If he had worked at least for a day in regular hona and other medical plantations. non-seasonal work during the preceding fortnight. At the 1971 Census a person was treated as worker only Agricultural Labour if he had spent hiS time mainly in work or if he had worked atleast for a day in regular (non-seasonal) 29. A person who works in another person's work during the preceding week. The dichotomy of land for wages in money, kind or share is recorded (. xlv ) as an agricultural labourer. He or she has no risk 34. Certain activities even though conducted in the cultivation but merely works in another person's by the members of the same household collectively land for wages. An agricultural labour has not right may not constitute a household industry such as of lease or contract on land on whIch he or she works. plantation work, livestock maintenance and produc tion, huntmg, trapping and selling of the catch, Household Inclustry forestry and logging, fishing, including rearing of fish 30. Household Industry IS defined as an and mining and quarrying. industry conducted by the head of the household him self{herself and/or by the members of the household Other-Workers at home or within the village in rural areas and only within the precincts of the house where the 35. All workers, I. e. those who have been household lives in urban areas. The larger proportion engaged in some economic activity dUTlng the last of workers in a household industry should consist of one year, but who are not cultivators or agricultural members of the household includmg the head. The labourers or engaged in household industry are 'Other industry should not be run on the scale of a registered Workers.' The type of workers that come under this factory which w:>uld qu:J.lify or has to be registered category include factory workers, plantation workers. under the Indian Factories Act. An industry which is those in trade, commerce, business, transport, minin& being run by a large joint family of more than 10 construction, political or social workers, all govern persons and where powers is used, or more than 20 ment servants, municipal employees, teachers, priests persons where pONer is not used, though only family entertainment artists etc. members are involved is not treated as Household Industry. Thus the mC:1ning of the term run on the Marginal Workers 'Scale of a registered factory refers to such cases even If these are not registered as such. 36. Marginal workers are those who have worked any time at all in the year preceding the 3 [. The main criterion of a Household Industry enumeration but have not worked for major part of is the participation of one or more members that year. In other words those who ha .. e worked .of a household. This criterion applies in urban areas any time at all in the year preceding the enumeratiol too. Even if the mdustry is not actually located at but the period for which they have worked is less home in rural areas there is greater possibility of the than 183 days are categorised as margll1al workers. members of the household participating cven if it is Those who have worked for major part of the year located anywhere within the village limits. In the i. e. for 183 days or more, are categorised as main urb:m areas wh~re org:1nised industry takes greater workers. Thus, 'other workers' can be either main prominance, the h~uiehold industry should be workers or marginal workers. confined to the precincts of the house where the particip~nts live. In urb:m areas even if the m~mbers Non-Workers of the household by th'!m~elv~s run an industry but at a place away from the precincts of their home, it 37. To distinguish between 'other-worker' and 'non-worker' a reference to the definition of "work" will not be considered a household industry. would be relevant. While the 'other-worker' parti 32. A household industry relates to pro cipated In an economically productive activity and duction. processing, servicing, repairing or making thus did "work", a non-worker has never worked in and sell ing (but not merely selling) of goods. It does connection with an economically productive activity not include professions such as a Pleader or Doctor any time at all in the year preceding the enumeratIOn. .or Barber, Musician, Dancer, Waterman, Washerman Non-workers can belong to one of the following A~trologer etc. or merely trade or business, even if seven categories : such professions, trade or services are run at home by members of the household. Household cillties 33. Sometimes a person who may not be 38. This covers all persons who were engaged working in his or her own household industry may be in unpaid home duties and who had not done any working in another household industry in which case 'work' during the last one year precedll1g the enume he or she is also considered to be engaged in house ration. If a person who normally attended to hold industry. household-duties and was :I)SO engaged in some ( xlvi ) economi~ ectivitles, then he or she is a worker and not does 110t havc to work, will come under this category. a non-worker. For example, a housewife may have However. if a retired person, apart from drawing helped in family cultivation or agriculture or made pension, is doing some other work also, he has to be and sold cow-dung cakes at odd times, or prepared treated as a worker and not as retired perSOll. papar, picklcs ctc. and sold them. She would be tre,lted as worker and not as non-worker though she Beggars is mainly a housewIfe. 42. This category covers beg.gars, vagrants or Sllldent.~ cases such as persons Without indication of source of income and t1lOse with ullspecificj sources of subsist 39. This catcgory covers all full-time students ence who are not engaged In any economically produ and children attending school. If a student partici ctive work. pated in some economically productive work, say by helping sometimes as an unpaid family worker in Inmater of 1llstituli(1nJ family cultivation, or in household industry, trade or bu~incss, such student has to be treatcd as a worker 43. This covers convicts in Jads or inmates of a and not as a student. On the other hand, a person penal, mental or charitable institutIon. even If such who mainly attended to household duties but took a persons are compelled to do some work such as car correspondence course or attended a part-time class pentry. carpet-weaving, vegetable-growing etc. in such would be treated as engaged in household duties. institutions. But an undertrial prisoner enumerated in a jail has to be recorded for the work he or she was Dependents doing before he or she was apprehended. Similarly a 40. This category includes all dependents such person temporarily in a hospital or other similar as infants or children not attending school or a person institution has to be recorded for the kind of work he permanently disabled from work because of illness or or she was doing before he or she was admitted into old age. Dependents include even able bodied persons the hospItal/institution. But for a long-term undertrial prisoner or convict in a prison or for long term who cannot be categorised in any other category of non-workers but are dependent on others. However, inmate of penal or charitable or mental institutions. the pel son's previous work would. not be recorded. if such a person who is dependent on others for subsis A person is to be considered as 'long term' if he or tence has been seeking work, he or she is categorised she has been in such an institution for six months as "other non-worker". or more. Retired pl:rSOIlS or Rentiers Orher NOll-workers 41. A person who has retued from service and is doing no other 'Nork i. c. not employed again in 44. This category includes all non-workers 'Some full-time work or not engaged in other work who might not have corne unuer any of the above such as cultivation, business, trade etc. or a person six categories hut who were looking for work. A boy who is a rentier or living on agricultural or non-agri or girl who had completed education or had stopped cultural royalty, rent or dividend or any other person studying and was looking for work comes under this of independent means for securing of which he or she category. ANALYTICAL NOTE--PRIMARY CE~SUS ABSTRACT DijtributioD and growtb of populatiol1 Road tehsil shares the maximu:n proportion(45.35%) whereas Pmdwara t<.'hsil la~i behllld with only 12.72 According to 1981 Census the population of per cent share the dtstrlct io; 5~2,O..j.9. or the total population of the distnct 27\~,178 ai~ nlllc~ .llld 265,371 femaks. 4 AIll'.)ng the Inh_lbited villages Iil th·'! state, The dIstrIct ra'1ks 2 ';lh amongst district .. of the State I. ~·l p~r c-.'nt arl! locat.!d III thiS district Thirteen cOiltflbutmg I 58 per cent of the Statc's total ~'I!lages are rl!p:>rte:l to b~ lI:1p.)tJ~htl!d In I:le Jislnd popublion. Reodal' teh~ll h:ts the hl~hest (I 12) number of rnhabi ted villages wil.le th":! least (6~) are located ill 2. As nnny as 445,O-l8 persons (82.10%) live SheoganJ tehsil. E1Ch of th·:! three tehslls namely in th>! rural areas of the district while only 17.90 per Sheoganj, SIrol1l and PmdW.'l;".l IllS ')'le town In It<> cent J e. 97,00 I persons is accommodated III urban respective ter.llorIs.1 JUrisdiction Wl f h th~ <:ame name, areas how::vcr, Abu R03d tellsil 1115 tw.) towns VIZ; Abu Road and Mount Abu. It IS signlfl.:ant to note h>;!rc 3. The highest prop:>rtion (22.93%) of the that Reod.lr tehs!l doc'> not hay,,:: any town in Its district popul.llion rcsides 1.1 Pmdwau tells.1 whtle jurisdiction. The table that fullows gives out tehsll SheoganJ tehsil ranks last with 16.08 pt:r cent Willie wise p~pulatJon by sel( alongwith the percent~lge Pindwara lehsJ! again tops in all the tehsils in rural distnbution of person., wlthll1 parentheo;;cs, In total, are.1S with 25.16 per cent, tellsil Abu Road stands at rural and urban arcas besides indlc.lting th:! number the tull cnd with 14 58 per cent. h urb.m areas, of villages and towns i:1 the distrIct: howcver, a reverse p.)sidon i" noticed when Abu TABLE No.1 POl'ULATlO'N, NUMBER OF VILLAGES AND TOWNS, 1981 ------Population A.. ______Cl ~ r------., No. of 0 Distnct/Tchsil Total Rural Urban Villages I-< .-- ______..A- ____ ~ .... .------"-._-- ~ .----__-"- _____ --.. .---..A._~ 0 ei Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Total Inha- :z; blted 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Sirohi District 542,049 276,178 265,871 445,048 224,609 220,439 97,001 51,569 45,432 446 .03 5 (JOO.OO) (100.00) (100.00) Sheoganj Tehsil 87,151 -H,37:) 42.776 70,384 35,677 34,707 16,767 8,698 8,069 66 64 (1608) (15.81) (17.29) Sirohi Tehsil 115,943 58,225 57,718 92,040 45,567 46,473 23,903 12,658 11,245 84 SO (21.39) (20.68) (24.64) Pmdwara Tehsil 124,297 62,407 61,890 II 1,959 56,125 55,834 12,338 6,282 6,056 99 97 (2293) (25.16) (12.72) AblJ Road Tehsil 108,882 57,189 51,693 6~,889 33,258 31.631 43,993 23,931 ~0,062 81 80 2 (20.09) (14.58) (45.35) Reodar TehsiJ 105,776 53,982 51.794 105,776 53,982 51,794 116 111 (19.51) (23.77) ( xlviii ) 5. The population of the district during the past 6. While taking into consideration lhe growth eighty years (1901 -81) has witnessed an incrase of of population in terms of absolute figures, the 232.62 per cent as against 232.83 per cent in the population of the district has risen by about 3.79 State. The district population has recorded a growth lakhs during the past eighty years i. e. 1901-81. during all decades except in 191 1-21 when the Whereas the population increased by 72.8 thousand population decreased by 0.48 per cent due to the during the first forty years (I 901-4 I) it recorded an spread of epidemics like influenza, plague, small pox increase ('If 118.2 thousand in the pervious decade of and cholera whereas during this period the population 1971 -8 1 alone. The table that follows gives the of the State declined by 6.29 per cent. population of the district since 1901 and its decadal variation: TABLE No.2 POPULATION SINCE 1901 __ .... n ____ -~- ...... ~ ---- _-_ ._---_. - ~ ".~------... -~ .. .--.~-- -_ -- ._---_._. .. ~- - ... ------..... Census Year Population Percentage decadal ('en~us Year Population Percentage decadal variation variation -- - -.- .-._- -- _ .. _. ._---- -~--- 2 3 2 3 1901 162,965 1951 289,791 +22.92 1911 189,684 +16.40 1961 352,303 +21.57 1921 188,781 - 0.48 1971 423,815 +20.30 1931 216.602 +14.74 1941 235,760 + S.84 1981 542,049 +27.90 7. Against the growth rate of 20.30 per cent areas, tehsils Sirohi, Pindwara and Abu Road have during 1961 - 7 I , the district recorded comparatively ~hown the higher growth rate in ruml areas as higher growth rate (27.9 O(\)} in 1971-8 I which is compared to the district average (rum!). comparatively lower than the State average of 32.97 per cent. Percentage decadal variation during 1971- 9. The decadal growth rate in urban areas of 8l shows that the population growth in urban areas the di5trict reflects that lhe highest growth rate of iilia bit higher (0.26%) than in rural areas of the 39.39 pcr cent is recorded in Sheoganj tehsil while district, the growth rates being 28.11 per cent in the lowest in Abu Road tehsil being 25.08 per cent. urban areas and 27.85 per cent in rural areas. The only tchsil Sheoganj has recorded growth rate higher than the district average of 28.11 per cent for 8. The highest growth rate of 29.69 per cent the urban areas. during the decade 1971-81 has been recorded in tehsil Pindwara closely followed by Sirohi and Abu 10. While observing the growth rate of indivi Road tehsils with 29.49 and 29.43 per cent respecti dual towns of the district, it is noticed that Sheoganj vely. Reodar teh~il ranks last with 24.26 per cent, town has grown at a higher pac~ (39 39%) followed Sirohi, Pindwara and Abu Road arc the tehsils which by Sirohi (27-32%), Pindwara (26.63(;;,), Abu Road have recorded higher growth rate than the district (23.490.:;) and MOllnt Abu (29.20%) during the last average. Analysing the growth rate in rural areas, decade 1971·81. A t~lblc showing tehsilwisc popula the highest growth rate of 32.55 per cent has been tion togcther with percentage decadal vari:llion during recorded in Abu Road tehs;1 while the lowest in 1971-81 as given below separately for total, rural and Sheoganj tchsil with 23.14 per cent. Unlike total urban areas : ( xlix ) TABLE No.3 DECADAL CHANGE IN DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION Population Percentage decadal variation ,--_____--A..______,_ ~ _____....A.... __------, District/Tehsil 1971 1981 1971-81 ,------~------. ,------~------, ,---_____ --A------___,_ Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban ~~------~------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ~--~--.- ----_------~ ------ Sirohi Diitrict 423,815 348,098 75,7J7 542,049 445,048 97.001 +27.90 +27.85 +28.11 Sheoganj Tehsil 69,186 57,157 12,029 87,151 70,384 16,767 +25.97 +23.14 +39.39 Sirohi Tehsil 89,541 70,767 18,774 115,943 92,040 23,903 +29.49 +30.06 27~32 Pindwara Tehsil 95,838 86,095 9,743 124,297 111,959 12,338 +29.69 +30.04 +26.63 Abu Road Tehsil 84,124 48,953 35,171 108,882 64,889 43,993 +29.43 +32.55 +25.08 Reodar Tehsil 85,126 85,126 105,776 105,776 +24.26 +24.26 Villages Classified by Population cent villages. 13.62 per cent of the villages have I I. In all there are 446 villages in the district, population even less than 200 while in case of 11.78 of which 433 are inhabited and the remaining 13 are per cent villages the population range between 2,000- uninhabited. The inhabited villages are of different 4,999 persons. There are only seven villages (1.62%) population sizes varying from very tiny villages to in the district which have population between 5,000 larger ones having population even more than 5,000 to 9,999. No village in the district has reported souls. Around 49 per cent of the villages in the population 10,000 and above. The table below gives district are in the population range 500-1,999 while the distri bution of villages by various population in the next lower range 200-499 falls 24.02 per ranges: TABLE No.4 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES BY POPULATION RANGES No. of inhabited Percentage of villages No. of inhabited Percentage of villages Range of Population villages in each in each range Population Range villages in each in each range range range 2 3 2 3 Less than 200 59 13.62 2,000 4,999 51 J 1.78 200 499 104 24.02 5,000 9,999 7 1.62 500 1,999 212 48.96 10,000 & above Total 433 100.00 -_-- Si 7 ( J ) I!. Tehsilwise difttrlbution of viJ1ages in variou!> population ranges has b!en shown in the following table: TABLE No. S DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES BY POPULATION RANGES ------ Total No. of vdlages In each range Dlstrict/Tehsil fnhabited (Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of Villages m each range) Villages r------.---'------. Less than 200 200-499 500-1,999 2,000-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000 & above ------~------~- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ------'--_ ------_- _--- - Sirohi District 433 59 104 212 51 7 (10000) (13.62) (24.02) - (48.96) (11 78) (1.62) Sheoganj Tehsil 64 8 14 32 9 1 000.00) (12.50) (21.88) (50.00) (14.06) (1.56) Sirohi Tehsil 80 9 18 42 9 2 (100.00) (I J.2S) (22.50) (52.50) (11.25) (2.50) Pmdwara Teh'lil 97 15 21 42 17 2 (100.00) (15.46) (21.65) (43.30) (17.53) (2.06) Abu Road Tehsil 80 12 23 39 6 (100.00) (1500) (28.75) (48.75) (7.50) Reodar Tehsil 112 IS 28 57 10 2 (JOO.OO) (13.39) (25.00) (50.89) (8.93) (1.79) ------~------ Density of Population TABLE No.6 13. The district covers an area of 5,136 sq. RANKING OFTEHSILS BY AREA AND POPULATION km. which is 1.50 per cent of the total area of the State. On the other hand, 1.58 per cent of the total Area Population ,-__ -A- population of the State resides In this district. Thus ,---...... _~ the district ranks twenty-fourth in terms of area and Name of Tehsil Percentage to Percentage to twenty-fifth in respect to population as compared to District area Rank District Rank population other districts of the State. 2 3 4 5 14. In total area of the district, Sirohi tehsil ranks first with 22.60 per cent share which is closely SheoganJ Tehsil 17.18 4 16.08 5 followed by Pindwara tehsil wIth 22.49 per cent, Abu Road tehsil ranks last with 16.82 per cent share. Sirohl Tehsil 22.60 21.39 2 Populationwise, Pindwara tehsiI with 2Z.93 per cent share has the highest proportion in the total popula Pindwara Tehsil 22.49 2 22.93 tion of the district, the lowest ( 16.08 %> has Abu Road Tehsil 16.82 5 20.09 3 been reported in Sheoganj tehsil. A comparative pictUle showing tehsilwIse percetntage distribution of Reodar Tehsil 2091 3 19.51 4 area and popUlation and the rank occupi~d by each tehsil is presented in the table given below : ( Ii ) 15. The density r.t the district level is 106. with 9 7 persons per sq. km. tops a II the tehsils in the The highest density of I 24 persons is recorded In district ,",bile Abu Road tehsil has the lowest density Abu Road tehsil, the lowest (97) is observed in with 77 persons per sq. km. In the urban areas. Sheoganj and Reodar tehsils. Wide variations are Sheoganj tehsll has recorded the highest density of o bserved in this regard in the rural and urban areas. population (3,908) while the lowest (1,577) is While tbe density for rural areas works out to 87, it observed 10 Abu Road tehsil as will be observed from is as high 2, I 00 in urban areas. Considering the the table given below ; density of population in rural areas, Reodar tehsll TABLE No.7 DENSITY OF POPULATION BY TOTAL, RURAL AND URBAN AREAS ------DenSity per sq. km Density per sq. km ,..-__----A- _____--"'\ District/Tehsil r----- _..A__ __ ~ District/Tebsil Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 Simbi District 106 87 2,100 Pindwara Tehsd 106 96 2,056 Sheoganj Tehsil 97 79 3,908 Abu Road Tehsil 124 ',7 1,577 Sirohl Tebsll 99 79 2,988 Reodar Tehsil 97 91 16. The density pattern at the village level below 10 persons per sq. km. 15 villages are such indicates that around 33 per cent of the total where denSity range is in between 1 I to 20. There inhabited villages fall in the category having density are thirteen villages which have density range between of population between 101 to 200 persons per sq. 30 I to 500 persons per sq km and only 3 km., 27 95 per ccnt in the density range 5 I to 100, villages having density 50 I and above. The table 15.24 per cent in the density range 2 I to 50 and below gives the distribution of vilhges by various 11.09 per cent in the range 20 I to 300 persons per denSIty ranges: sq. km. while 24 villages fall in the density range TABLE No.8 DISTRIBUTION OF VILlAGES BY DENSITY RANGES Range of density Total No. of inhabited Percentage of Range of denSity Total No. of inhabited Percentage of (per sq. km.) Villages In each villages In each (per sq. km.) villages In each villages in each density range density range denSity range density range 2 3 2 3 Less than 10 24 5.54 101 200 143 3303 11 20 IS 3.46 201 300 48 11.09 21 50 66 IS.24 301 500 13 3.00 51 100 121 27.95 501 & above 3 0.69 Total 433 100.00 ( Iii ) I 7. The distribution of villages by density ranges at the tehsll level is presented in the table below TABLE No.9 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES BY DENSITY No. of villages in each density range Total (Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of villages in each range) District/Tehsil (Inhabited r------___.J~ ______- ______----., Villages) 0-10 11-20 21 -SO 51-100 101-200 201-300 301-SOO 501 & above ------_ - _--_ ------_------_- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------Sirohl District 433 19 15 66 121 143 48 13 3 (100.00) (439) (346) (15.24) (27.94) (33.03) (11.09) (3.00) (069) Sheoganj Tehsil 64 5' 2 IS 20 11 8 3 (100.00) (7.81) (3.12) (23.44) (31.25) 07.19) (12.50) (4.69) Sifohi Tehsil 80 4 4 13 31 19 7 2 (100.00) (5.00) (5.00) (16.2.5) (38.75) (23.75) (8.75) (2.50) Pindwara Tehsil 97 3 3 8 21 43 J4 2 2 (10000) (3.10) (3.09) (8.25) (21.65) (44.33) (14.43) (2.06) (2.06) Abu Road Tehsil 80 4 17 IS 23 10 6 I (100.00) (5.00) (1.25) (21.25) (1875) (28.75) (12.50) (7.50) (1.25) Reodar Tehsil 112 3 5 13 34 47 9 (JOO.OO) (2.68) (4.46) (11.61) (30.36) (41.96) (8.04) Sex-Ratio 1921-31 and 1931-41. While it agam went up in 1941-5J, It has decreased to 960 In 1951-61. ] 8. The sex ratio i. e. the number of females Again in 1961-7 I there was a rise in sex ratIo which per 1,000 males in the district has recorded an was much more during 1971-81. While gOing increase in the decade 1 90 1-1 91 I, slight fall in through the sex ratio pattern in the urban areas. 1911-21,again an increase during 1921-31,1931-41 it is noticed that it has decreased during the decade .. and 1941-5 I but it lowered down from 965 in 1951 190 I-I 1 and 1911-21, again rise in decades to 948 in 1961 and again to 958 in 1971 and 963 192 1-3 I and I 93 1-4 I and comp:lratively much riser in 1981. in 1941-51. Then it abruptly decreased to 889 in 195 1-61. However, a rising trend has been observed 19. Looking at the sex ratio pattern in rural in 1 9 61-7 1 but again a declining trend was noticed areas of the district, it is noticed that while the sex in 1971-8 I when it fell down to 88 1 , The following ratio has increased during the first two decades i e. table illustrates the sex ratio in the district 1901-11 and 191 1-21, it fell down in the decades since 190 I. TABLE No. 10 SEX-RATIO SINCE 1901 ------~- No. of females per 1,000 males No. of females per 1,000 males ,.-______..J.-- _____~ r------A..------"-) Census Year Total Rural Urban Census Year Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 --- _------1901 917 926 869 1951 965 965 964 1911 917 952 841 1961 948 960 889 1921 936 962 771 1971 958 968 909 1931 946 961 847 1941 947 957 1182 1981 963 981 881 ( )iii ) 20. It is interesting to note here that sex ratio 2 I. In the rural areas of the dlstnct, it IS notc 1:1 th:: district during 1981 has increased in total as worthy that Sir<1hi tell:;11 :iuS iJ~i1tifi.::d with l1ighcst well as in rural areas as compared to 197 I while It sex ratio in 1971 and 1981, the Abu Road tehsl! has h:ts gone down in C:lse of urban areas. Analysing at been at the tail end. In urb:m areas, Sheoganj tehsll the tehsil level sel( ratio in 197 I, it has been the has recorded the highest sex-ratio (976) in 1971, highest (999) in Sirohi whde the lowest (914) was the lowest being 873 in Abu Road tehsil. Again in found in Abu Road tehsil. In 1981, Pindwara 1981, while Abu Road tehsil remains at the last, tehsil witnesses the highest (992) sex ratio while the Pindwara tehsIl tops in all the tehsils in this regard. lowest (904) is reported in Abu Road tehsil. Inte A table at the tehsll level showing sex-ratio in 1971 restingly. tehsil Abu Road has been at the lowest nnd 1981 is given below: side in sex-ratio in 19 7 1 and 1981. TABLE No. 11 SEX-RATIO AT TEHSIL LEVEL IN 1971 AND 1981 Number of females per 1,000 males ,-______---A.. ___ . ______~ District/Tehsd 19n 1~1 ,------"------.., ,---____. ____..A- _____~ Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ------_ ------_----- Sirohl Distrl«:t 958 968 909 963 981 881 SheoganJ Tehsil 957 953 976 964 973 918 S,rohi Tehsll 999 J,010 920 991 1.0'::0 888 Pmdwara Tehsil 968 972 938 992 995 964 Abu Road Tehsil 914 945 873 904 951 838 Reodar Tehsil 948 948 959 95'1 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes tion having about 1.25 lakh persons contribute 23.11 22. There are about 1.02 lakh persons belong per cent to the district total population. The propr ing to Scheduled Castes as per 1981 Census Con tion of Scheduled Tribes W:1S comparatively lower stitutmg 18.74 per cent to the total population of (21.480/0) during 197 I. The proportion of Scheduled the district. In 1971, this proportion was 1666 per Tribes lD rural and urban areas of the district during cent thus indicating a rise by 2.08 per cent during 1981 works out to 26.30 and 8.44 per cent the decade 197' -8 1. These communities contribute respectively. The corresponding proportions of 19.02 per cent to the total rural population of thc these communities in 1971 for rural and urban areas district while in urban areas their share comes to 17.4 7 were 24.63 and 7.0 I per cent respectively. Th.! per cent. These proportions were comparatively table given below presents the percentage di!.tri lower in 1971 being 18.00 per cent for rural areas butlOn of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in and only 10.50 per cent for urban areas. the district and Its various tehslls for the total, rural, and urban areas respectively : 23. On the other hand Scheduled Tribe popula- ( liv ). TABLE No. 12 PER CEl"IT DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES POPULATION 1981 Percentage or Scheduled Castes to total population Percentage or Scheduled Tnbes to total population District/Tehsil ,- -"------.., ,- -"------.., Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sirohi District 18.74 19.02 17.47 23.11 26.30 8.44 SheoganJ Tehsil 17.94 19.40 11.83 H.81 11.22 468 Sicohl Tehsil 20.62 22.04 15.17 6.70 6.S1 7.43 Pmdwara Tehsil 12.17 11.66 16.74 3527 38.53 571 Abu Road Tehsll 12.14 6.08 21.08 4510 68.09 11.19 Rcodar Tehsil 31.85 3(,85 1099 10.99 ------ 24. At the tehsil level, the highest proporation being 6'54 per cent are found residing in urban (31.35%) of Scheduled Castes in total populatIon is areas. found in Reodar tehsll and the lowest (12.14%) in Abu Road tehsil closely followed by Pindwara tehsil 27. The highest proportion (33.17%) of havmg 1 2.1 7 per cent. While Reodar tehsil with Scheduled Caste popUlation in th'! district is 3 I .85 per cent has the highest proportion of concentrated in ReodaT tehsil and lowest (13.01 %) in scheduled castes pouplation in rural areas, Abu Road Abu Road tehsil. In rural areas the same trend is come.. last with 6.08 per cent. However, in urban observed as in case of total areas but in urb:lO areas areas the contribution made by these communities is Abu Road tehsil h'is the highest (54.72%) hIghest (21.08%) in Abu Road tehsil and the lowest concentration of Scheduled Castes of the district alld (l1.83(Yo) in Sheoganj tehsil. Significantly, Abu Road the lowest in Sheoganj tehsil with 11.70 per cent. tchsil which has tIle highest proportion for Scheduled Interestingly, Abu Road tehsil which has the highest Castes 111 all tehsils of the district in urban areas, concentration of Scheduled Castes in urban areas of comes last in case of rural areas. the total Scheduled Castes in the distnct it has been at the lowest in case of rural areas. 25. Among Scheduled Tribes. the highest proportion of 45.10 per cent in total population is 28. Regarding tehsilwise proprtion of Scheduled found in Abu Road tehsil and the lowest (6.70%) in Tribes in the district, the proportion ranges from 6.20 Sirohi tehsil. A similar pattern is observed in case of per cent in Slrohi tehsil to 39.2 1 per cent in rural areas. While tehsil Abu Road has the highest Abu Road tchsiL In case of rural areas of the contribution (I 1.19%) of these communities in its 9istrict, the same pattern is observed. The highest total population in urban areas, Sheoganj tehsil ranks proportion (37.74%) is noticed in Abu Road tehsil last with 4.68 per cent. and lowest (5.12%) is found in Sirohi tehsil. However, in urban areas where Abu Road tehsil has 26. Out of the total Scheduled Caste population the highest proportion (60.12%), the lowest is of 10 I ,581 persons in the district as much as 83.32 recordedcd in Pindwara tehsil which is 8.61 per cent. per cent (84,634 persons) reside in rural areas. The following ta ble gives the distribution of district Among tne Scheduled Tribes, out of t 25.245 persons. Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population bulk of them i. e. 117,057 persons (93.46 'Yo) reside among its various tehsils separately for total, rural in rural areas of the district and only 8, t 88 persons and urban areas. ( Iv ) TABLE No. 13 RURAL, URBAN DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEDULED CASTE AND TRIBE POPULATION AT DISTRICT AND TEHSIL LEVEL Scheduled Caste population Scheduled Tribe population __ ...A.. ______~ --...A.. District/Tehsil r- r- ~ Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban ---_------~------2 3 4 5 6 7 ------Sirohi District 101,581 84,634 16,947 125,2-15 lt7,OS7 8,188 (100 00) (100.00) (l00.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100 00) Sheoganj Tehs.1 15,634 13,651 1,983 12,906 12,121 7~5 (15,39) (16.13) (U.70) (1030) ( 10.36) (9.59) Sirohi Tehsil 23,910 20,284 3,626 7,7il 5,996 1,775 (23.54) (2397) (21.40) (620) (5.12) (21.611) Pindwara Tehsll 15,125 13.060 2,065 43,844 43,139 705 (14.89) (15.43) (12.18) (35.01) (3685) (861) Abu Road Tehsil 13,221 3,948 9,273 49,104 44,181 4,923 (13.01) (4.66) (54.72) (39.21) (37.74) (60.12) Reodar Tehsli 33.691 33,691 11,620 11,620 (33.17) (39.8!) (9.28) (9.93) 29. At the viIl.tge level, 16.63 per cent of the much as 28.87 per cent (I 25 villages) of the total inhabited villages (72 in number) fall in that category inhabited villages in the di.. trict arc sllch where their where Scheduled Caste population have their proportion is 51 per c::nt and above in the total proportion betw.:en 21 to 30 per cent, 16.16 per cent popUlation. There are 2 I .94 per cent (~5 Villages) of th: villages (70 villages) have Scheduled Caste p:>pu villages where tht:ir proportion range between 6 to I 5 lation range 3 t per cent and above, 14.09 pel' cent pre cent, while in case of 65 villages (15.0 I %) their (61 villages) in the range 16 to 20 per cent, 11.78 proportion is below 5 per cent. There are 9.93, pel: ~en (S I villa.ges) in the range having less than 5 6.0 I and 5.31 per cent villages which are 43, 26 per cent population of these communities. While and 23 in number f.tll in 16 to 25, 26 to 35 and 42 Villages with 9.70 per cent of Sched~led Caste 36 to 50 percentage range of Scheduled Tribe population are reported to be in the range of 6 to I 0 popUlation to total population rt'spectlvely. However, per cent, there are 98 vilJages comprising 22.63 there are 56 villages comprising 12.93 per cent are per cent in the district which do not hav(! a single such where not a single member of Scheduled Tribe member of such communities. resides. The following table supports the above position : 30. As for the Scheduled Tribes we find that as ( Ivi ) TABLE No. 14 PROPORTION OF SCHEDULED CASTE" SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION IN THE VILLAGES Scheduled Castes ______ScheduledA-- Tribes______,,------"--- ~ Per cent Range No. of Villages Percentage of Villages Per cent Range No. of Villages Percentage of Villages 2 3 1 2 3 Nil 98 22.63 Nil 56 ]2.93 0-5 51 11.78 0-5 65 ]5.01 6-10 42 9.70 6-15 95 21.94 JI-J5 39 9.01 16-25 43 9.93 16-20 61 14.09 26-35 26 601 21-30 72 1663 36-50 23 5.31 31 & above 70 16.16 SI & above 12S 28.87 Total 433 100.00 Total 433 100.00 3 J. The table below shows the tehsilwise distri ranges of Scheduled Caste population to total bution of the total villages according to the percentage population in the villages : TABLE No. IS PROPORTION OF SCHEDULED CASTE POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION IN THE VILLAGES ------_ ------Total No. of villages in each percentage range of Scheduled Caste population to total population District!Tehsil Inhabited (Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of villages in each range) r---~------______...A.. Villages -~ Nil upto 5 6-10 11-1S 16-20 21-30 31 & above 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sirobi District 433 98 51 42 39 61 71 70 (100.00) (%2.63) (11.78) (9.70) (9.01) (14.09) (16.63) (16.16) Sheoganj Tehsil 64 8 3 8 7 15 16 7 (100.00) (12.50) (4.68) (12.50) (10.94) (23.44) (25.00) (]0.94) Sirohi Tebsil 80 8 5 7 7 13 29 11 (100.00) (10.00) (6.25) (8.75) (8.75) (16.25) (36.25) (13.75) Pindwara Tehsil 97 29 17 IS 8 16 8 4 (100.00) (29.90) (1753) (lS.46) (825) (16.49) (8.25) (4.12) Abu Road Tehsil 80 44 21 7 2 2 2 2 (100.00) (S5.00) (26.25) (8.7S) (2.50) (2.50) (2.S0) (2.50) Reodar Tehsil 112 9 S S 15 15 17 46 (100.00) (8.04) (4.46) (4.47) (13.39) (13.39) (lS.13) (41.07) ( Ivi! ) 32. The table given below explains the tehsilwise number of villages in each percentage range of Scheduled Tribe population : TABLE No. 16 PROPORTION OF SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION IN THE VILLAGES No. of VIllages in each percentage range of Schsdlllsd Tribe population to total population Total (Figures in parentheses indicate percentaae of village. in each range) Inhabited District/Tehsil r------.------"-- -~ Villages Nil upto 5 6-15 16-25 26-35 36-50 51 & above I 2 3 4 S 6 7 -_----- 8 9 Sirobi District 4.13 SCi 65 95 43 26 23 125 (100.00) (12.93) (15.01) (1194) (993) (6_01) (5.31) (28.87) Sheoganj Tehsil 64 3 9 20 10 5 12 5 (100.00) (4.69) (1406) (31.25) (1563) (7.81) (18.7.5) (7.81) Sicehi Tehsil 80 15 27 24 7 1 1 5 (100_00) (18.15) (33.75) (30.00) (8.75) (1.25) (125) (6.25) Pindwara Tehsil 97 8 5 18 7 8 6 4S (10000) (8.25) (5.15) (18.56) (7.22) (8.25) (6.18) (46.39) Abu Road Tehsll 80 2 3 4 5 5 2 59 (100.00) (2.50) (3.7S) (5.00) (6.25) (6.25) (2.50) (73.75) Reodat Teh*i1 112 28 21 29 14 1 2 11 n~.OO) (2.5.00) (l8.7') (25.89) (12.50) (6.25) (1.79) (9.82) 33. Observing the proportion or Scheduled towns. all other towns have a lower proportion of Castes and Scheduled TrIbes to total popUlation in Scheduled Castes. in total population as compared to the urba.n areas of ~ district, it is noticed that district average ( 17.47% ) for the urban areas. while the Scheduled Caste popUlation constitutes Moont Abu town has the highest proportion (16.82%) 17.47 percent in the total population, Scheduled of Scheduled Trib~s in its population while the lowest Tribes together represent only 8.44 percent. At the such proportion ( 4.68%) is found in Sheoganj town. town level, Abu Road has the highest coneentration The table below indicates the proprtion of Scheduled (22.53%) of Scheduled Castes in its total population Castes and Scheduled Tribes to total popUlation in while the lowest ( J 1.83 %) is recorded in Sheoganj each town: town. Leaving aside Abu Road and Mount Abu TABLE No. 11 PROPORTION OF SCHEDULED CASTE AND SCHEDULED TRIBE POPULATION IN TOWNS Percentage of Percentage or Total Total Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe Name of Town Total Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe population to population to Population PopUlation Population total total Population Population 2 3 4 5 6 All Towns 97;001 16,947 8,188 17.47 844 Abu Road 31,280 7,046 2,785 22.53 8.90 Mount Abu 12,713 _ 2,227 2,138 17.52 16.82 Pindwara 12,338 2,065 105 1674 5.11 Sheoganj 16,767 1,983 785 11.83 4.68 Sicobi 23,903 3,626 1,775 IS.l1 7.43 Note:-Towns haVe ~Il ateanged in alphabetical order. Si 8 ( Iv;ii ) Literacy increased to 16.78 per cent in 197 I. The net 34. Of the total population in the district, increase in the literacy rates during 1971-8 I works 20.07 per cent are literates as compared to 24.38 out to be 3.29 per cent which is slightly higher than per cent literates in the State. It ranks 19th in the corresponding increase of 2.85 per cent in other districts of the State in this regard. While the 1961-71. The table given below indicates the literacy literacy rate was 13.93 per cent in 1961 iL has rate in the district by sex since 1 95 I : TABLE No. 18 LITERACY SINCE 1951 Literacy rate Literacy rate Census , Census r------Jo.... Year r--~------"------Year ~ Persons ~ales Females Persons Males Females ----_. ------~ - - - ~- 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 1951 6.97 1'.80 2.00 1971 16.78 25.08 8.12 1961 ]3.93 21.24 6.21 198] ZO.07 2984 9.92 35. In J 951 Census, soon after jndependence. sexes.- Female literdcy rate is still lagging behind in the literacy rate in the district was 6.97 per cent only rural and urban areas. While male literacy rate in which has risen to 20.07 per cent in 1981, thus rliral and urb:\n areas works out to 21.93 and 64.29 resulting an increase of 13.10 per cent. It is all due per cent respectively, the corresp~nding rates in case to efforts made in this direction by the government of females are 4.84 and 34.54 per cent respectively. during post-independence period. A marked diffe Following table gives a comparative picture in this rence is still seen in the literacy rate among both the regard in various tehSlls of the district: TABLE No. 19 LITERACY BY SEX AND BY TOTAL, RURAL AND URBAN AREAS ------~------Total Percentage of literacy Total Percentage of Literacy __._,A_ ____~ District/Tehsil Ruralr- District/Tehsil Rural r-----_,._---~ Urban Persons Males Females Urban Persons Males Females I 2 3 4 5 2 .3 4 5 Sil'ohl District Total 7/.).07 29.84 9.92 Pindwara Tehsil Total 16.s6 26.23 6.82 Rural 13.47 21.93 4.84 Rural 14.28 23.21 .s.31 Urban 50.36 64.29 34.54 Urban 37.28 53.20 20.76 Sheoganj -Tehsil- rota! 19.46._ 29.60 8.9~ ..."bu Road T_ebstl J'otal 28.~.J 38.08 17.96 Rural 13.11 21.76 4.22 Rural 10.04 16.73 3.01 Urban 46.14 61.77 29.28 Urban 55.80 67.77 41.53 Sirohi TebsiJ Total ,23.32 35.36 11.17 ReDdar Tehsil Total 12.42 19.53 5.00 Rural 16.38 27.14 5.82 Rural 12.42 1953 5.00 Urban 50.05 64.95 33.29 Urban 36. Among variolls tehsils of the district, the rural areas, Abu Road tehsil has the lowest proportion literacy rate varies from i 2.42 per cent in Reodar of literacy rate ( 10.04%). While Sirohi tehsil tops tehsil to 28.53 -per cent in Abu-- Roaa tehsil. lit -among the tehsils - registering a -lite-r~cy rate of 16.38 ( Jix ) per cent. In urban areas, Abu Road tehsil with compared to 8.71 per cent in the population group 55.80 per cent literae), rate tops in the district while having population below 200. It has increased to Pindwara tehsil ranks last having 37.28 per cent. 10.85 percent in the cluster of Villages in the popu It is worth-while to note here that -Abu Road tehsil lation range 500-1,999, 16.11 percent in those which tops in total and urban areas in hteracy f.:llJing m the range 2,000-4,999. The highest rates. comes last in case of rural areas Sex-wise literacy rate of 23.18 per cent has been recorded in literacy rate amongst males ranges from 19.53 per the villages (seven In number) in the populatbn cent in Reodar tehsil to 38.08 per cent in Abu Road range 5,000-9,999. The table below indicates the tehsil However, in rural areas the highest male number of villages in f'ach popUlation range and the literacy ride (27.14%) is recorded in Sirohi tehsil literacy rate in each range as recorded during 1981 while the lowest ( 16.73% ) is reported in Abu Road Census: tehsil. As regards urban areas of various tehsils, the TABLE No. 20 male literacy rates ranges from 53.20 per cent in LITERACY RATES BY POPULATION RANGE OF VILLAGES Pindwara tehsd to 67.77 per cent in Abu Road tehsil. Wider variations are observed in female literacy rate Population. ranges NQ. of villages Literacy Rate which ranges from as low as 5.00 per cent in Reodar in each range tellsll to 17.96 per cent in Abu Road tehsil. A more ______~ ______2~ ______3 depressing picture is, however I noticed in case of 'female rural literacy where it ranges between 3 0 1 Less than 200 59 8.71 per cellt in Abu Road tehsil to 5.82 per ceot'in 200 - 499 104 7.49 Sitohi tehsiJ. SOO ~ 1,999 212 10.85 2,000 - 4,999 51 16.11 37. At the village level, we find that the literacy 5,000 - 9,999 7 23.18 -rate is hfgher in ' 'larger villages than the smalJer ones 10,000& above -C!X'CePt in the- 'group of villages having population 200 to 499 where it decreased to 7.4'9 per-cent as Total 433 J3.47 , )'8. 'In16nnatien regarding literacy rates by population ranges of villages worked out for vd.rious tehsils has ~Wn -preselited' in die' following table : TABLE No. 21 LITERACY RATES BY POPULATION RANGES OF VILLAGES No.' of villages in each range of population Total (Figures. in parentheses indicate literacy rate in each range), District/Tehsil Inhabited ~ Villages Less than 200 200-499 500-1,999 2,000-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000 & above 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sirohi District . 433 59 104 212 Sf' 7 (13.47) (8.71) (1.49) (10.85)' (16.11) (23.18) Sheoganj Tehsil 64 8 14 32 9 I (13.11) (15.14) (8.32) (ll.I5) (15.70) (13.89) Sirohi Tehsll 80 9 18 42 9 2 . (16.38) (14.03) (9.97) (14.38) (19.03) (22.01) PiDdwara Tehsil 97 15 2\ 42 17 2 (14.28) (8.82) (8.79) (10.10) , <14.53) (30.97) Abu Road Tehsil 80 12 23 39 6 (10.04) (6.72) (5.44) (8.32) (16.67) Reodar Tehsil 112 IS 28 57 10 2 (12.42) (5.45) (6.05) (l0.0S) (1641) (20.83) ( Ix ) 39. An overall literacy rate t~corded for the non-workers in 1981 Census. As per this cla'isi urbaQ areas of the district works out to 50.36 per fica.tion 29.46 per cent of the total population of the cont. Execl't Abu Road and Mount Abu towns, district consists of main workers and 5.68 per cent all the remaining three towns have recorded even marginal workers. The remaining 64.86 per cent of lesser literacy rate. Pindwara town has the lowest the total population is reported to be non-workers. literacy rate of 37.28 per cent while: Abu Road town In urban areas the percentage of Don-workers is shows the highest litetacy ru,te of 56.4 I per cent. higher ( 71,68% ) as compared to rural areas where The table which fQllows gives the literacy rates for all their proportion is 63.38 per cent. The main workers the urbal') units. of the district: are reported to be 29.95 per cent in rural areas and 27.1 8 per cent in urban area'! While proportion of TABLE No. 22 marginal workers, on the otherhand, works out to LlTERA(~y RAT:t:S IN TOWNS 6.67 per cent in rural area'! and only 1.14 per cent in urban areas. ~~-~-~~--~------~----~------~- Name of the Town LneFaoy Rate 41. In case of males, 49.5 I per cent of the 2 total male population are main workers, 1.1 0 per cent are margInal workers and the remaming 49.39 per Abu Road 56.41 cent are non-workers. In rural areas, the male main workers constitute 50.21 per cent of the total Mount Abu 54.30 male population which is a bit higher than the proportion of male non-workers (48.52%). The Pmdwara 37.28 margin].1 workers among males are only 1.27 per Sheoganj 46.14 cent. Whll~ observing data of urban side, we see tl1;at 46.44 per cent of the total male population are Slrohi 50.05 m.ain workers, 5 l. I 8 per cent non-workers and only 0.31\ per cent are marginal workers. Working Population 42. The following table gives the distribution 40. On the basis of economic activity, the of population in terms of main workers. marginal popUlation of the district is classified into three workers and non-workers sep:uately for total, rural categol ies viz; main workers, marginal workers and and urban areas for the tehsil level : TABLE No. 23 PERCENTAGE OF MAIN WORKERS, MARGINAL WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS IN THE DISTRIcr ~------ Total Percentage of main workers Perc:entage of marginal workers Percentage of non-workers to District/Tehsil Rural to total populatIon to total population total population A.. __-r-_""""\ r----""____A__-----~ Urban ..... - r------"-- ~ ~QIJ' Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 SJroIaJ DJltrcl Total 2'-46 49.51 8.63 5.68 1.10 10.43 64.86 49.39 80.94 Rural 29.~ 50.21 9.31 6.6' 1.27 12.17 63.38 4852 78.52 Urban 27.18 46.44 5.31 1.14 0.38 2.00 7 •.68 53.18 92.69 Sheoganj Te~il Total 30.4$ 50.55 9.59 7.15 126 13.27 42.40 48.19 77.14 Rural 31.19 51.37 10.4S 8.S8 1.49 1587 60.23 47.14 73.68 Urban 2'1.32 47.22 5.86 1.16 0.32 2.07 71.52 52.46 92.07 ~irohi Tehsil Total 26.34 45.98 6.53 3.40 0.77 6.0S 70.26 53.25 87.42 Rural 26.S1 46.68 6.74 4.01 0.84 7.11 69.48 52.4Il 86.15 Urban 25.68 43.44 S.68 1.05 0.51 1.66 TJ.27 56.05 92.66 ( lxt ) ------_.- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 II 9 10 :u ------_ Pindwara Tehsil Total 27.94 48.52 7.20 5.79 148 10.13 66.27 50.00 8267 Rural 28 49 4916 772 6.12 1.56 1071 65.39 49.;;8 81.57 Urban 22.99 41.71 2.48 2.73 0.17 4.77 7428 5646 92.75 Abu Road Tehsil Total 31.65 51.98 9.16 7.66 1.14 14.87 6069 46.88 7'!J.97 Rural 33.37 5434 11.34 1236 1.79 23.46 54.27 43.87 65.20 Urban 2').12 48.71 5.'14 0.72 0.23 1.32 70.16 51.06 92.94 Reodar Tehsil Total 3156 50.96 lL34 481 086 892 6J.63 4818 79.74 Rural 31.56 50.96 !L34 4.81 086 8.92 6363 48.18 19.'7-4 Urban 43. It would be evident from the above table that population, Abu Road tehsll has the highest at the teh!>il level the highest proportion of main proportion (33.37%) whIle Sirohi tehsil has the workers IS notIced in Abu Road tehs" (31.65%) lowest (26.51%). Taking intoconsideratJOn the main closely followed by Reodar tehsil with 31.56 per cent workers in urban area, it is concluded that Pindwara and the lowest (26. l4%) in Sirohi tehsil. Similarly, tehsil has the lowest (22.99%) proportion, the the percentage of marginalworkers is again found highest (29. I 2 %) is reported In Abu Road tehsil. to be highest (7.66%) in Abu Road tehsil and the lowest (3.40%) in Sirohi tehsil. Sirohit ehsIl 44. Tbe table gIVen below presents the distri h:ls the highest proportion (70.26%) of n<'n bution of main working population by sex and workers while Ahu Road tehsil has the lowest various economic activities for the district and its (60.69%) proportion. In the rural main working various tehsils : TABLE No. 24 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKING POPULATION BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ._------.. Categories of Main Workers ,-- - ___ . ______.A Total Main Workers ---.-----~ Total Agricultural Household Other 0151 rict/Tehsil Rural Cultivators Labourers Industry Workers Urban .A..___ ~ ,--_.A.._~ ,---~ ,---~ ,--~ Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females w ______------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '1 10 11 12 Sirobl DIstrict Total 100.00 100.00 45.33 27.05 11.49 4331 4.74 3.13 3844 2651 Rural 10000 100.00 53.89 2958 13.42 47.24 4.78 2.51 27.91 20.67 UrbaD 100.00 100.00 S05 5.47 2.39 9.87 4.54 8.42 8802 76.24 Sheoganj Tehsil Total 100.00 10000 4O.4l 24.4.."- 14.73 49.32 6.80 6.31 3806 19.94 Rural 100.00 100.00 48.57 26.62 17.21 53.02 601 3.28 2821 17 08 Urban 100.00 100.00 4.04 7.61 3.65 20.93 1033 29.60 81.98 41.86 Sirohi Tehsil Total 100.00 100.00 35.38 21.22 13.73 44.00 695 385 43.94 30.93 Rural 100 00 100.00 43.31 24.30 16.71 51.50 7.83 4.15 32.15 2005 Urban 100.00 10000 4.73 6.11 2.22 7.21 3.51 2.35 89.54 84.33 Pmdwara Tehsil Total 100.00 100.00 50.48 18.98 10.91 48.61 4.12 2.69 34.49 29.72 Rural 100.00 100.00 53.84 19.43 11.63 49.44 3.52 2.55 31.01 28.58 Urban 100.00 100.00 16.00 6.00 3.61 24.67 10.24 6.67 70.15 62.66 Abu Road Tehsil Total 100.00 10000 41.39 27.28 5.99 29.69 1.73 1.56 50.89 41.47 I Rural 100.00 10000 66.14 34.70 8.74 37 66 176 100 23.36 26.64 Urban 100.00 100.00 3.04 4.17 1.74 4.87 167 3.30 93.55 8766 Reodar Tehsll Total 100.00 100.00 5761 38.55 13.24 45.64 4.86 2.04 24.29 13.77 Rural 100.00 100.00 57.61 38.55 13.24 45.64 4.86 2.04 24 :!9 13.77 Urban 100.00 100.00 ( Ixii ) ~5. It is noticed from the above table that the ment took place) at all level.. for improving socio female's participation in household industries is more economic conditions of the people. In the following in the urban areas of the district as well as in table an attempt has been made to provide statistics Sheoganj and Abu Road tehsd in urban areas as to indicate the trends since the turn of the period compared to males. Males predcminate the females i. c. expiry of the pre-mdependence era. It shows in cultivation in the district total as well In all the the total population, proport ion of urban populatio n tchsils of rural areas and also in Pindwara tehsil of to t( tal population, decadal variallon in the urban urban aredS. population changes in the denf>ity and sex-ratio from decade to decade. FIgures for thl': State as a whole Coaages during last thirty years have also been shown in the table with a view to have 46. Soon after the independence and ushering a comparative picture about these domographic in of democratIc sct up in !otates, ,3 lot of develop- aspects: TABLE No. 25 GROWTH DENSITY AND SEX-RATIO OF URBAN POPULATION IN THE DISTRlcr IN RELATION TO THE STATE ------Sirohi District Rajasthan State ______.A.______-""""\ r- - ---_.---- -"---_._- - r- Decadal Sex-ratio Decadal Sex-ratio Census Total Urban Percent percentage Density (Number Per cent percentage Density (Number (Popu- Year popula- popula- urban vanatlon (Popu- of Total Urban urban variation of tion tion popula- in lation females population population popu- in lation females tlon urban per per 1 000 lation urban per per 1,000 sq.-km.) population sq. km.) maies) population males) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1951 289,791 44,843 15.47 N.A. 964 15,970,774 2,955,275 18.50 N.A. 928 19(,1 352,303 57,747 16.39 +28.78 338 889 20,155,602 3,281,478 16.28 +11.04 598 882 1971 423,815 75,717 17.87 +31.12 1,300 909 25,765.806 4,543,761 17.63 +3847 1.198 875 1981 542,049 97,001 17.9J +28.11 2,100 881 34,261,862 7,210,508 21.05 +58.69 1.603 877 CENSUS HOUSES AND DISABLED PERSONS CensDS Houses persons who constituted 2.21 p:!r cent of the total disabled population (80,043) i.n the State. Out of According to Houselisting Operations in 1980, the total 1,786 disabled person 1591 (89.08 per cent) ~herc were 150,665 Census Houses in the district were found in the TUTal areas while the remaining 195, representing 1.89 per cent of the total Census Houses 10.92 per cent were enumerated in the urban centres in the State Out of these total houses ) 23,905 of the district. The distribution of the disabled (82.24 per cent) were located in rural areas and the pereons by various types ofdisahilities to total disabled remaining 26,760 (17.76 per cent) in the urban units population for total, rural and urban areas for the of the district. The distribution of houses by the district and tehsil is given in table below : uses to which they were put in the total, rural and urben areas of the district is given below . TABLE No.2 TABLE No. J DISABLED POPULATION CENSUS HOUSES AND THEIR USES District/Tehsil/ Total Totally Totally Totally Town/U.A. Rural Blind Crippled Dumb Uses to whIch the No. of Census Houses Urban Census Houses are put (Percentage WIthin brackets) 2 3 4 S r---.- __ ..A._ ~ Total Rural Urban SlrGbI Dstrict Total 1.215 35~ 211 2 3 4 Rural 1.105 307 179 Urban 111 52 32 Total Ceusue House 150.665 123,905 26,760 (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) 1. Sheoganj Tehstl Total 223 58 42 Rural 204 44 32 (i) Vacant 16,895 13,775 3,120 Urban 19 14 10 (lUI) (11.12) (11.66) Sheoganj (M) Urban 19 14 10 (Ii) Wholly or Partly 103,305 85,200 18,105 residential Houses (68.57) (68.76) (67.66) 2. Sirohi Tehsil Total 333 9J 46 Rural 314 79 38 (iii) Houses put to non- 7,555 44,35 3,120 Urban 19 12 8 reSIdential uses (5.01) (3.58) (11.66) Sirohi (M) Urban 19 12 8 (iv) Others 22.910 20,495 2,415 (15.21) (16.54) (9.02) 3. Pindwara Tehsil Total 205 101 45 Rural 192 99 42 2. It Will be seen from the above table that Urban 13 2 3 68.76 per cent of the houses in the rural areas of the Ptndwara (M) Urban 13 2 3 district were being used for residential porposes. 3.58 per cent for non-residentIal uses e.g., hotels, shops, 4. Abu Road Tehsil Total 170 61 39 businese houses, factories, restaurants, places of ente Rural 110 37 28 Urban 60 24 II rtainment and worship etc, 16.54 per cent houses for other purposes and the remaining I 1 • 1 2 per cent Mount Abu (M) Urban 30 6 6 were vacant. Similarly in the urben areas of the Abu Road (M) Urban 30 18 5 district 67.66 per cent houses were used for residential purpose3, I I .66 per cent for non-residential purposes, 5. Reodar Tehsll Total 285 48 39 9.02 per cent for other purposes and 1 I 66 per cent Rural 285 48 39 were found vacant. A comparative analysis of the Urban uses of census houses in rural and urban areas shows that the proportion of non-residential and vacant in 4. A glance at thiS table would mdicate that urban areas is higher vis-a-vis rural areas while more blind persons alone constituted 68.09 per cent of houses are being used for residential other purposes in the total disabled persons in the district followed by rural areas than in urban areas. the crippled (20.100/0) and dumb (11.81 %). Amo.g the three types of disabihties, blindness is the major Disabled populatioD affliction both in the rural as well as urban areas of the district, blind persons being more than three , . ~. In the district, according to houselisting times the number of crippled persons lind about six -operations in 1980, there were. in all 1,786 disabled times of the dumb. ANALYTiCAL NOTE VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORIES A - Village Diredory 48.75 per cen t villages while Abu Road tehsil h \s such facilities only in 21.25 per cent of its villages. In distrICt Slrohi as many as 433 villages (97.09% of the total vIllages) aN inhabited and the 6. There is hot even a single village in the remaining 13 villages i. e. 2.91 per cent uninhabited. district where organised ltlarket or hat is held. However, the faCIlity of smJ.ll shops exist in several 2. Educational facilities are available in 336 villages which deal in \larious commodities. inhabited villages. Around 22 per cent of the villages 7. Out of the total inhabited vllbges only 120 stilt do not have any educational institution. Abu (27.7 I %> are approachable by pucka roads. A little Road tehsit is reported to have the highest percentage over 32 per cent of the vil1age:s (139 in 'number) have (85.00%) of inhabited villages served with educational communication facilities like bus stand/railway station. facilities while Reodar and Pindwara rank last with The people residIng in the remaining villages have to 73.21 ani 73.20 per cent respectively. travel to other neighbouring villages/towns in order to 3. Inhabited villages having atleast one type of avail of the facility of a train or bus for reaching medical institution are numbc,red only 92 consututing their desired destination. In tehsil Silohi the 21.25 per cent of the total villages. In this way, the proportion of villagd, having such facilities is the inhabitant6 of the remaining 78.75 per cent vIllages higbest 08.75%) whereas Pindwata and Abu Road have to rush to nearby vIllages or towns for getting tehsils rank last with 28.11 7 and 28.75 per cent of the medical aid. The prop;)rtion of vIllages having villages baving the factlities of commun.wation within medical faciltties within themselves is the highest theIr limits. (36.25%) in Abu Road tehsil and lowest (10.71%) 8 Around 43 per cent of the village!l in the ill Reodar tehsll. district do not have electrIcity. Of the tota1433 inhabited villages onty 245 have been provided with 4. About 99.54 per cent of total inhabited electric connections for agricultural, domestic or any villages arc served with drinklOg water faoilities Bnd other uses. From the VIllages electrified point of view. thus there are only two VIllages (one each in Sheoganj it is observed that Sheoganj tehsil tops all the tehsils and Reodar tchsil) which do not have the facility of having 78.13 per cent of VIllages electrified. tehsil potable Water WIthin the village limits. Sitohi ranks Jast as only 38 75 per cent of its total S. A llltle more than 30 per cent of the Villages villages could be electrified so far. The table given in the district enjoy the faCIlIty of post and telegraph below gives the data regarding the distribution of Among the va.rious tehsils. Sirohi has the highest . villages according to the availability of varIOUS proportion of villages having po~tal faCIlities, say in amenities : TABLE No.1 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO THE AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT AMENITIES No. (with pen:entage) of villages having one or more of the following amemties No. of District/'tehsil ------~------Inhabited ,..-- Approach by Power Villages Education Medical Dnnking Post & Market/Hat Commun- water Telegraph ineation Pucka Road Suppl)! 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10 Sirohl District 433 336 92 431 133 139 120 145 (77.60) (11.15) (99.54) (30.71) (3l.10) (27.71) (56.58) 6 SO Sheoganj Tehsll 64 52 13 63 21 23 (81.25) (20.31) (98.44) (32.81) (3J.94) (9.3S) (7!1.ll) 21 31 Sicobi TeI\stl 80 63 19 80 39 31 (78.7S) (23.7S) (100.00) (48.15) (38.75) (2.6.25) (38.7'> 28 53 Pindwara Tehsd 9"1 71 11) 97 27 28 (28.S7) (S4.64) (73.20) (l9.S9) (100.00) (27.84) (28.Sn 31 35 Abu Road Tehsil 80 68 29 80 17 23 ()S.7S) (43.1!) (SS.OO) (36.25) (100.00) (21.25) (28.75) 34 76 I.eodar Tehsll 112 8l 12 HI 29 S4 (30.36) (67.8(i) (73.21) (1071) (99.11) (25.S9) (30.36) ( btv ) 9. Much efforts have been made to provide within the villages while the others have to travel to educational facilities specially in the rural areas during nearby villages or towns for this aid. Postal and post-independence period.Only 4.27 per cent of the telegraphic amenities are available within the vitrages rural population do not have the educational facilities to 63.08 per cent of the rural population while 77.54 at their door step. The proportion of rural popu per cent of the rural population have so far been lation served with school faciJities ranges from 94.39 benefitted by electricity. Communication facilities per cent in Reodar to 97.41 per cent 10 Abu Road are available to 53.10 per cent of the population tehsil. but pucka approach road from their villages to the nearest bus stand or railway station is available to 10. Medical aid is another important amenity only 43.34 per cent of the rural population. Details which is essential for the people specially for those about proportion of rural population served by living in the rural areas Howl!ver. only 43.79 per different amenities at district and tehsil level have cent of rural population could so far have this facility been given in the following table : TABLE No.2 PROPORTION OF RURAL POPULATION SERVED BY DIFFERENT AMENITIES Total Percentage of rw'al population served by the amenity of population District/Tehsil r------J.---. of inhabited Post Approach Power villages Education Medical Drinking & Market! Communi- by Pucka Water Telegraph Hat cation Road Supply 1 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 !~ ------~---- ~~------SIroIaI Dlstriet 445,330 95.73 0.79 99.79 63.08 53.10 43.34 77.54 Shoopnj Tehail 70,384 97.14 47.00 98.86 61.14 58.IS 16.75 95.89 Swohi Tehail 92,040 96.17 52.84 100.00 78.58 60.37 50.96 62.96 Pindwara Tehsil 112,241 94.62 4036 100.00 66.21 48.30 44.69 76.64 Abu Road Tehsil 64,889 97.41 51.88 100.00 46.52 39.62 49.25 64.87 Reodar Tehsd 105,'176 94 39 32.47 99.88 57.73 56.77 49.36 86.71 ------ 1 1. As already mentioned earher there are still Similarly, among 433 villages medical facility is several villages in the district where certain amenities avaihble within a distance of 5 km. to 124 villages, are not available. Efforts have been made to collect within 5 to 10 km. in case of 1 31 viJlages and beyond information about the distances from such villages a distance of 10 km_ to 86 villages. Two vilhges to those nearest places where such amenities eXIst. where potable water faCility does not exist are such In all there are 97 villages where no educational where the residents of the villages have to fetch it facility is avaIlable but among these children of 78 within a distance of 5 km. The postal and commu villages (80.41 %) can reach a school Within a radius nication facilities are not available in case of 69.28 of 5 km. There are 1 7 villages where the school and 67.90 per cent villages respectively. The distri going chiJdren have to cover a distance of 5 to 10 km. bution of villages not baving certain amenities has and in case ofanly two villages. they have to cover been given in the following table by showing distance a distance of more than 10 km. to reach their school. ranges from place where these are available : Si q ( Ixvi ) TABLE No.3 the urban centres. The largest proportion (56.35%) DISTRIBUTION OF' VILLAGES NOT HAVING CERTAIN of Villages rn the district are located wlthm a distance AMENITIES, ARRANGED BY DISTANCE RANGES of 16 to 50 km from the nearest town. As many as I 14 villages (26 33%) are withlO a distance range FROM THE PLACES WHERE THESE ARE AVAILABLE of 6 to J 5 km. while 42 Villages constltutmg 9 70 Number of Villages where the per cent of the total inhabited villages are located In amenity is not available and acute remote area and their distance from the nearest Villages nat having available at distance (in km.) of town is not less than 50 km. in any case. There al'e the amemtyof r------"- ~ only 33 Villages (7.62%) which are within a Less than 5 5-10 More than Total convenient distance range of less than 5 km. 10 (Cols.2-4) 2 3 4 S 13. It is worthwhile to mention here that the Villages at a distance range of 0 to 5 km. from the Education 78 17 2 91 nearest town have the highest proportion of Villages Med:cal 124 131 86 341 havlDg amenities of education while the distance range of 6 to 15 km. records the highest proportion in case Drinking water 2 2 of medical, post and telegraph, communication, approach by pucka road and power supply. Interes Post and Telegraph 181 86 33 300 i1ngly, all the Villages at a dlstan.:c range of 0 to 5 Market/Hat 26 68 339 433 km and beyond a distance to 51 km. have the facitily of drinking water at the door-step. The Communication 156 90 48 294 ------_--- follOWing table presents the distribution of villages accordmg to various distance ranges from the ne~rest 12. The social and economic lIfe of the rural town and availability of different ammenlties in such masses no doubt is influenced by their proximity to villages: TABLE No.4 DISTRIBUTION OF' VILLAGES ACCORDING TO THE DISTANCE FROM THE NEAREST TOWN AND AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT AMENITIES No. (With percentage) of Villages havmg the amemty of Distance Range from tbe Total ,..------"------~ Inhabited Post Approach nearest town Drmkmg Marketl Communi- Power (in km.) Villages Education Medical & by Puck a water Telegraph Hat cation Road Supply 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------ upto 5 33 29 5 33 8 11 13 18 (87.88) (IS. IS) (100.00) (24.24) (33.33) (39.39) (54.55) 6-15 1J4 87 33 113 39 40 45 73 (16.32) (28.9S) (99 12) (34.21) (35.09) (39.47) (64.04) 16-50 244 187 49 243 7S 80 S9 143 (76.64) (20.08) (99.S9) (30.74) (32.79) (24.18) (S8.61) 51 & above 42 33 5 42 11 8 3 11 (78.57) (11.90) (10000) (26.19) (19.0S) (1.14) (26.19) Total 433 336 92 431 133 139 120 245 (77.60) (21.%5) (99.54) (30.72) (32.10) (27.71) (56.58) Ixvil ) 14. About 37.64 per cent of the total inhabited 5,000. One thing can be summarised here tb,~t Lt e vliloges do not have population of more than 500 lug her the populatIOn rd.ngc:, larger IS the per.;cntage souls In the next hIgher range of 500 to ) ,999 of villages having various amenities. On the contrdry, persons, there are 212 vIllages constituting ~8.96 per lower the populatIOn range lesser IS the proportIOn of cent of "'he villages. Th«re are 5 8 vlIlages in higher vlilages h:lving various amemties as may be reflected population range helving population over 2,000 from the following table presenting distflbution of persons of which only seven have population above, villages accordmg to population ranges and amemties : TABLE No.5 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO POPULATION RANGE AND AMENITIES AVAILABLE No. (with percentage) of Villages having the amemty of Total r--- __ . ______..J>- --_ ------~ Population Range Inhabited Drinking Post & CommunJ- Approach Power Villages Education Medical Water Telegraph Market/Hat cation byPucka Supply Road ------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------upto 499 163 67 10 162 5 28 30 47 (41.10) (6 13) (99.39) (307) (17.181 (1840) (28.83) 500-1,999 21l 211 44 211 72 69 55 145 (99.53) (2075) (9953) (33.96) (32.55) (2594) (6840) 2,000-4.999 51 51 31 51 ;0 35 29 46 (100.00) (60.78) (10000) (9804) (68.63) (56.86) (90 ZO) 5,000 & above 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 (l00 (0) (100 00) (100 00) (85.71) (100 00) (85.71) (10000) ------_------_ ------Total 433 336 92 431 133 139 120 245 (7760) (21.25) (9954) (30.71) (3110) (27.71) (56 58) 15. Wheat and maize arc staple food in the noticed in Abu Road tehsl!' Sheoganj tehsll has the majority of villages In Sirohi, Pindwara and Abu highest proportion of imgated ar TABLE No.6 DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO LAND USE Total Total area Percentage of Percentage of District/Tehsil Inhabited (in hectares) Cultivable area to irrigated area to total villages total area cultivable area 2 3 4 5 -----_ ------~------_ Sirohl District 433 .512,01.5 50.19 24.64 Sheoganj Tehsil 64 88,382 5883 29.99 Sirohl Tehsil 80 115,480 57.14 2429 Pindwara Teh~11 97 115,342 40 33 27.77 Abu Road Tehsil 80 84,675 23 49 2716 Reodar Tehsil 112 108,136 6712 18.14 ( !xviii ) B - Town Directory 19. On the lxpenditure side, the annual per 17. 111 this section an attempt has been made to capita municipal expenditure works out to Rs. 48.32 depict townwise data relating to per capita rect:lpt at the dlslric~ level. Down at the town level it and expendJlnre, school;; per ten thousand population has been the highest in Mount Abu and lowest In and number of beds in medical institutions besides Pll1dwara. Among the various Items of expenditure showing the notIfied slum area in the urban units of ( leaving aside 'other aspects' ) it is highest on the district, )f any, together with the detaIls of most general administration being Rs 10.91 per head. important commodity manufactured. imported and Next comes the item of public health and convenience exported QIl which Rs, J 0 0 I is spent. On publiC works, the expenditure per head works out to Rs. 7.10 while it J 8. Observing the municipal revenue at the is only 76 paise on tbe item of public institutions. di~trict level it is revealed that the annual pel capita The towns of Mount Abu and Sheoganj are the only receipt comes to Rs. 51.00, of which Rs. 27.63 is urban centres where per capita receipt exceeds the obtained through ta}o.es and Rs. 23 37 from all other per capita expenditure. WhIle no expend iture on sources. At the town level, Mount Abu has the public health and convenience is incurred in Abu highest per capita receipt while the lowest is reported Road town, Sheoganj and Sirohi arc the towns where in Pin::!w;:ra t,:;·.~l1. L"ccpt Mount Abu, all the expenditure on public institutions is not incurred. towns have per capita receipt less than the district The following table shows the per capita receipt and average. Taking into the consideration the receIpt expenditure according to broad classification at the through taxes it is highest in Mount Abu town and district and town level : the lowest in Pindwara The similar position is ubserved in case of receipt from all other sources TABLE No.7 PER CAPITA RECEIPT AND EXPENDITURE IN TOWNS ------Per Capita Receipt (in Rs.) Per Capna ExpendIture (in Rs.) Class. Name & -A.._ ,------_._--., Civic status or Receipt Receipt Total General Expenditure ExpendIture the Town Total through frOID all Expenditure Administra- on Pubhc Public- on Public Other taxes other sources tion Health and Works Institution Aspects Conveniences ~--~------~------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total 51.00 27.63 23.37 48.32 10.91 10.01 7.10 0.76 1954 Abu Road (M)-I1I 45.55 22.65 22.90 40.96 5.02 049 J.]4 34.3J Mount Abu (M)-IV 10408 64.64 39.44 97.17 19.67 29.99 21.38 J.ll 25.02 Pindwara (M)-IV 21.29 10.48 10.81 23.25 8.19 6.47 2.44 1.93 4.22 S'le 'gant (M)-IV 45.09 22.91 22.18 41.51 15.49 13.14 2.06 10.82 ~irohj (M)-II1 49.37 26.61 22.76 4968 12.14 12.13 14.09 11.32 -~ ~------( Ixix ) 20. The facility of higher education i. e. for per ten thousand population works out to be highest the standard of higher secondary/Inter/P.U.C./Junior (3.15) in Mount Abu town and the lowest (0.64) in college is not available in Sheoganj town. Analysing Abu Road. At the junior secondary/middle school tbe educational institutions' per ten thousand of it is more than the district average in the towns of population in these higher educational institutions, Mount Abu and Pmdwara and at the primary level it is highest ( 0.84 ) in Sirohi town, being the district in Mount Abu and Sheoganj towns as may be seen headquarters and the lowest (0.64) is reported in from the following table giving number of various Abu Road town. The average number of educational types of educational institutions per ten thousand institutions upto the level of secondary/matriculation population at the district aod town level : TABLE No.8 SCHOOLS PER TEN THOUSAND POPULATION IN TOWNS No. per ten thousand population -"--__ --~ Name. Oass, and Civic Higher Secondary/ JUDlor Secondary/ status of Town Inter/PUC/ Secondary! _~l!'_~!_Y____ Junior College Matriculation Middle 1 2 3 4 5 Total 0.62 1.13 1.44 3.40 Abu Road (M)-U[ 0.64 0.64 0.96 2.88 Mount Abu(M)-IV 0.79 3.15 3.15 4.72 Piadwara (M)-IV 0.81 0.81 1.62 2.43 Sheo...u (M)-lV 1.19 1.19 4.17 Sirohi (M)-lll 0.84 0.84 1.26 3.35 21. So far as the medical aid is concerned, it is Sirohi town and the lowest (0.65) in Pindwara observed that average number of beds in medical town. The table that follows next gives townwise institutions per thousand population comes to 2.79 number of beds in medical institutions : at the district level and the largest number (4.81) in TABLE No.9 NUMBER OF BEDS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN TOWNS Name. Class and Civic status No. of beds in medical Name. Class and Civic status No. of beds in medical of the Town institutions per of the Town institutions per 1,000 population 1,000 population 1 2 2 Total 2.79 Pindwara (M)-IV 0.65 Abu Road (M)-I1I 1.73 Sheoganj (M)-IV 4.06 Mount Abu (M)-IV 2.05 Sirohi (M)-UI 4.81 ( lxx ) 81... Area bamboo arti~le" JDedUtines. ensineCf'jn~ goods and shoes. F()od-arain•• ~pta~lea,- marble. jaggery and 22. There is no notified slum area in the urban other electrical llQQd, 3l~ thl; mo~ important commo centres of the district. dities which are I:xported frow \he urban centres of the district. The l;:QDUDoditW.s wJ;J.ic4 ere imp.orted Trade ad Commette include sugar, food.,graiQ. c:Jolh. mlWhinery parts an4 23. Among the manufactured items JD the also eDjineering aoqds : clistrict mention may be made of Khadi cloth. TABLE No. 10 MOST IMPORTANT COMMODITY MANUFACTURED, IMPORTED AND EXPORTED IN TOWNS # Name. Class and Civic status of Most important commodity theToWD r------~------~ Manufll~tured Exported Imported 1 2 3 .. Abu Road (M)-III Kbadi Cloth Marble Sugar Mount Abu (M)-IV Bamboo Articles Vegetable Food pains Pindwara (M)-IV MedIcines Food grains Cloth Sbeoganj (M)-IV Engineering goods Electric conductors Cloth Sirobi (M)-Ill Shoes Jaggery M~~I Engineerina goods fit \iS1' VI '" ~ I0 I'" I ,!""(1 Ciil fit (ij I f~ (l~ GI'if'IR!J'1T. ott)"".,I..,I m'li Rm \iM'I(!OJ ... , ~~ U'qJ11' ~ :-1JT"I'-'~' i!f~VTTf/~if ;:sq('jGl!l ~~T ~ ~~ ~ trill '$ff11'-';r' i!f "" ... e'lm ili q't'l' trtIT 'IfPlI' 'q~ Nit 'lit ~ I ~ ~~T i!f ~ wrq/~ if ~ en, ilI1SI"l if ~ ~ ~fcn::rmr ~ iITt i!f ~ ~ srfcrf~ ~ eft <1i ~ I IISftflf4(...... j( ssfrcfT~1 f~. ~'1T '11m""""". '(~ ~ ~ mt~firzlT i!t ~ f~a ~ :aq'~)m- ~T 11» «1f~ 'n: ~T ~ if i!fif ~1'1T act> 'qt{ifO qf"(15l'1f f.t;l:n ~ I ~ Ult~~ ;nr~ it; lR'¥f'( ~T ~ .... rir sr~ ~ ~ ft;R it ~q-T iitllrf it; q'T!I' ~ I an:rtrT.. :ar.rarTT 26. 1983 "''''IQI''II ~ i'TU '1:r-JlI' ~~r~l if; "'"it ~oy;fffif f-it~r """"(!j.,1 W~ Gt.,4{i!.I';1 ott ~ ~ ~ ~Ri'r t I zrT3r ~r "" .... i 1 98 1 ..,T f~ \if"if4Tl!TifT ~ff(fCf>T iii q;nj ~R ~~ ~lf WTlf "')~ "Ff7 ~f'llJ'Cf>T iii q)f1tl"liT IF: ~"1T iii ~TVI-"«T'I!f ~~ ;:nIT 1{~ \if)F 0JiT ..,1fwvr iIfr ~~ ~. ~ mVl ~T 1971 iii ~t....~ lr ~1~oT ot» 'ilT ~ R it '1:l!lT iflfT t I U"mT it f~ 'lIT V~ it ~rCl'T, "«'iT ~fcmTVT ct» mlf f.:rc1fllA;r it ~ ~ iii ;;r~ n:VTlfl ~lfT ~ f't> lffc: ..,)f fc;rm~ ~T ~r'iRT 'Q'T1f if ;aQ41 ..f:1 ~ ~ ;;r) ~!l' ~~ arr~ ~ ~crq ~.:rr .... ~ "«~r'lcr g'f'q' il!ft '2;.U ~ ssT ft!rli'f it ~ ~ I m1{ f.:riifilA;r iii tfinn ..,T ~. ~~'Cfifr 'q'l~ ~Ti'af~ot> ~~r ~ ~ ... f..-mr ~f~ "') f<{WISIer: ;aQ41 ...a ~fcnrml VR "Irq 'd"'l'lr)~ 0JiT f~ i!t; 'ff,="~ it, !A'f!l'ot> Cil1"J1Tlfi' ~IJ ~ \t'1tTf~ ~ iI' lf~ 1A"TllTr ot>T \ifT;;rT t fot> ~ 8EJ~ {~) ~ l:[)or;:rr Gti\" ~lfot>cr~T Gti\" ~ oq-fu;p ~cr ~) ~ I vrnT t fit; ~ ;if lJ)\if;q ~ "'"~ w.n it; f<=fit a-lfT'1: q;~ it ~ftrcro ~ VR il'CiTirT ~if~ ifTiI'!llI'"I>ffi ifi'rll'lifWf ifi'f 'qTCf IIl1ifid ''''T ct'r ';{fu ifi') 'ElWf it "(ri -glt ifm: mmifiT q; ~ 198 I ifi'1" ;or;r'RtfPIT !!liT al{f~ q:q"'f if ~ 1flt mfl!(1f; Q;2f ~ ~ if f~ 1flt qftcra-ifT ifi') 5lfTir it ~ ~ wnTT "'~ if"tf"{T cii srr-rfi:rct; ~if"T "''' ~ q;nf ffzrr"{ f.t;it ~ t , 1 981 ct\" f:;JffiT ~i'ff 2;ft«'fi"T cfi" srifinA" it fi«;sl=il" if" e[J ~fi;rlt ~ ~ ~ sr....-n:: 'fiT ~ t: Ai ~'ffi ~ ';ii '$fT1f-ifi' if ~1"~ m~ ~ ~f1lJCfi"T ~ "ql;r-1iI" it lfl1fT ~;pf'?T ';ii Sl"T?:fPrifi" 'i!.,'Ii!lill WR:, tTlf ~~~/iI1I'I: ~T «ifi" ~f.;:rn "I'Tfrn !R"~ 'q~fo«r Q(;r liITRrlfT cii" srl-rf1rifi" "Frifl:!.TifT m~ cii" ~ q-it ~ I ~ "I.,.(i!lilT 2;ffOifi"T ifi"T Qj"Tif"'fi"RT 'fi") ",fa-ifiTfacr; ~'1rrr iATi{ iIl1" c~ ~ ~ srrt'l it srTv:rfil"ifi' ~ifT m< !&I"n: 'Il'R'I"rot; d~ ~ ~ q"{-~rrr ~ If"{ 1IlllTf'((l' firf'lFr ~ {f"Rfur"lfl' ID~ ~ f~ fq IIitil , ~1" m oft ~ t: I Sl"'firoof cit !A'R qftlcl; ;aqali4" ;roni{ qi'r 'i~ ~ ~ 'q"h;: ~/2;~ ~/~rfl«f; f~ ~ iATR 'fa"lT;it miffir.r. ~ ~iil~ 'fl~ ~ ~~~ f~:q-T ifi"T ~ ~, ~'ffi ~T If~ ~ ~ t I lIl{ srifi"TWif Ui1iif ~ lR"~ Gf"'I' iifOf11l!TifT 'l>T mffiI' 'l>rll-iliifftr it ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ffiij}rqr ~J1«IT it; f~ ~!I:Rlr.-Q iTT'il'n:T ~ I JSiT JI'<{if 11~;:r ~ q.;ft, ~ ~fi;rer , ~T'if~err.r t" i!l1!i'ffiI' ~ I ;a'~i!"'f.t ;;r;riJ'~i'fT 'l>T tI'1'ffiI' iJ'fufcrffirlfr if if ~~ ~ -~ q-~ ~Tlf ~ ~me-.1983 ~ m wttMtr."Cf tt1(q)'n VI'J 'tit ;:r1R f;:ri fulfil' 1. ~'T SRrIQ ~ m~ fI'~Tlf!i 2. 15ft' ;lHIlR!Jf~ ~~'T fl't~1 fI'~ 3 • 6ft'~ff'T;a"lfT w'if fl't~'T~ A. 1Iftl1tft rrall111" "'(if .... '( mf&zr;tl-~ 5. pTif fifW'T ~ ~'" 6. pn;')' ~Wl (",.,41(101.,1 1981) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 342,239 34,lfil,862 100.00 +32.97 24.38 919 30.48 I.~ 20,634 2,029,968 3 5.93 +45.62 26.03 874 29.48 2. ~ 27,244 848,749 20 2.48 +48.09 28.20 891 29.31 3. "PI 16,830 1,179,466 16 3.44 +34.88 21.86 954 29.50 4. 111ft 5,928 1,211,583 15 3.54 +30.39 28.61 956 25.04 5. ~ 8.]80 1.771,173 5 5.17 +26.17 26.53 892 26.73 6.~ 8,100 1,884,132 4 5.50 +26.43 26.05 831 27.27 7. nli~ 10,527 1,535,870 9 4.48 +28.68 23.23 867 28.86 8. ~ 14,068 3,420,574 1 9.98 +38.50 31.40 894 29.37 9. m 10. 'l;;rln: 8,481 1,440,336 10 4.20 +25.50 35.30 922 3583 11. it.!; 7,194 783,635 22 2.29 +25.22 20.56 928 33.37 12. ~ 38,401 242,082 26 0.71 +44.84 15.80 811 32.09 13. ~ 22,850 1,667,791 6 4.87 +44.82 26.64 909 30. .59 14. ;mitt 17,718 1,628,669 7 4.7S +29.04 19.38 958 33.11 15. 'fI.rr 12.387 1,274,504 13 3.72 +31.39 21.87 946 32.07 16. iITfiR 28.387 1.118,892 17 3.27 +44.41 12.29 904 31.85 17 vmm 10,640 903,073 18 2.64 +35.20 13.70 942 29.41 18. ~ 5,136 542,049 2S 1.58 +27.90 20.07 963 29.46 19. ~ 10,455 1.310.379 12 3.82 +24.22 19.79 942 38.SO 20. ~ 17,279 2.356.959 2 6.88 +30.69 22.01 977 30.13 21.~ 10,856 1,232,454 14 3.60 +30.41 21.94 951 37.81 22. ~.~ 3,770 682,845 23 1.99 +28.78 18.52 1,045 27.19 23.~ 5,037 886,600 19 2.59 +35.44 16.85 984 27.97 24. l'lft' 5,550 586,082 24 1,71 +30.72 20.14 887 33.93 25• .m:r 12,436 1,559,784 8 4.55 +36.57 32.53 888 30.40 26.~ 6,219 784,998 21 2.29 +2585 22.11 926 35.96 34,261,86:1 542,049 ~, ,8~."t54 176,178 16,407,708 265,871 27,0,.,3~4 44S.048 14,013,454 224.609 1~,037,900 220.43' ;sqofm 7,210,508 97,001 ~. 3,840,700 51,56; 3,369,808 f~" , 45,432 ;:~ CfISfnr ~~ '!fir ?{~ 1 971-8 1 + 32'97 + 27'90 1Il'lf'li.... (cr~ fifi" ,1fT,) 342,239 5,13~ " - ~~T 'tiT ~ (srfu ~ fifi"o1fto) , 100 106 m-~ ~ (srfa- 1,000 '!ljI!fT q~ f~T;it ~~) 919 963 24'38 20'07 36°30 29'84 11°42 9'92 ~ Gj.Hi+u ;it ~;;;r;rr it ~ ~~ 'liT srftrmr 21°05 17'90 P ~~ 1fi\ ~ if Afd!fMI : (i, ~ iImf rn cnir 30'48 29'46 49'92 49'51 9'32 8'63 6'13 0'98 11°74 63'39 64'86 49'10 49'lJ 78'94 80'94 ~ '1iT1t' rn CI'Ril 'liT ~ffct> 'WI P' ~ m ~ ~ Afdiil~Eh : ~ i) 'fillld:!il( 61°59 42'70 60'70 45°33 66'75 27005 aa::rl(ii'4) ~ ~~'fTif fm:T(t U\ilr ~m (ii) ~~~ ozrm; 7'32 16'06 ~ 5.89 11'49 ~t 15'67 43'31 (iii) qrronfut; ~q OlI'ffii 3'26 4'51 ~ 3'33 4'74 f~t 2'82 3'13 (iv) q'flf ifirJf rn cmr '&lI'f'ffi 27'83 36'72 ~ 30'08 38'44 Wrli't 14'76 26'51 ~ \iI'1e(9<1 r ..". ¥TifT it '1M\f"la \iITfir!ift ozrf'ffi 17'04 18'74 ~ ifiT srfa'lmr ~ 17'10 19'03 f~ 16'98 18,44 ~~ \iI"1~ i!ft ~'1T it ~a ~ i!ft ozrf'ffi 12'21 23'11 \iI;:ffi~ ifiT srftroa' ~ 12'05 23'31 Wort 12'39 22'90 'q'l';m' aT ~ 197 5 q'~uf~ 236 5 ~~~~ ~ 37,124 446 ~ 34,968 433 ~~ 2,156 13 '1'1T'tT ;tl' ~ 201 5 cU«IfClifi iitllT pr ~ ~ it) (1979-80) 14,206,683 153,705 '!foil'mm~~(~it) (1979-80) 3,308,273 63,832 ~r~(~) (1979-80) 269 4 JfTtI:Tf1:rifi/~ JfT&qfir-l; f.Rm;r1r (~r) (1979-80) 2,168 32 ~ smrf'Ai ~m (~) (1979-80) 5,175 71 srr'ffir-l; t{Ci ~ srr'ffircl; 1mIT (nqr) (1979-80) 21,313 329 ~ (f.I;.~. it) (1979-80) 40,399 867 fcm.~ ~/'ifTJf C~) (31,3.80 iIit fitJfir) 13,831 366 m~ d¥tr tt:t (Pir) (1979-80) 183,238 3,460 W~ ~~ m~ q'~mfiIi mQ ~r f~-~ ~ 'itis!! f~r "I"I,u!I;:rr '!~ l!fiT ~~T'" m,:r q- ~ f.:t'" ~r'f f.ti'fir;r;T if' fcrf"I'W ~ "1~'" u - ~ ~~ ~ f;:rifuiifiT if' fq-f"I'W ~flnrril"r iifiT Qffl ~i! ~ff fiifi~ ~ ~itff 94 "lf~ f~fuctiT ~ I - sr~¥;[fir VR ,~"Ii'T {~m 96 ~ II - i'f'4R:T iifiT 'iftfucl; IfIR' VR f~fcr I 1 979 .•.. 98 f~ III - "ImlfrftiriifiT fiRr, 1978-79 100 f~ IV - "'rcf"l"f;>f"Ofi' trR V;:lf ~f ~,!f4: "'f~ ;::rn: lIlT ~T t 10 ( t'1( ) ~ ~ GI'1m:!I'1 r «n: i41 +fl <[T Stili( f4iCifi \ififiJW'1T m~ 1. fucni;or ~ 116 2. fuU~'T ~m-~ 120 3. f\'WSiWtll cr~~ 124 4. m;; ~)6- ~~ 130 5. t ~ SfT'{fifat;' \iI''1~I~I'1 r ,m~ I - firrcrq';;r ~ 144 II-~~ 144 III-fquiqlil ~ 146 IV -1iT~~ ~ ifq-( 146 V -!Rl1 "ir:s" ifq'"( 146 qftftrrct If~ 1 - ~~ ~fa' ~ ~er \ifif ;;nftr '*l' ~ \ifif~ ~1ir .to. flf,q I ( 153. Ifn:~ 2 - ~r ~ fcrnrr, ~ lR'~ vrill ifiT ~T 159 "Rf'lft'r ","fa qlIi iJigtRm" ... ~fa ~ ~~ ~ srT1ffq1li "'~T ~ "'fifila ;;rrfir t;cf ~f.«r ~;orrfcr iIft ~'T <1"IfllfrOf 167 ~W fm 1A~E14"1Ii MI!fq'~I'if"1i~~ 178 MN ~~ II - 'imr f;{i~ if;T q~ ~r~fdql"( m 179 ~ \I~'itq; 111 - cRrlffi' ~"Rr m Ifl: i-r'ffiri ~~ m 183 1981 : q-'C(Tlf;;r ;a-fl1rnlft f.A;r~ -~ if lI);sr;:rr ct\' m~ ~$t f I ~it U ~ a ....a-lfT.,. 'JIl'~ : ~~ ~ ~ :ai~ fit> f~l it> ';3'q"q"fq "l"R fi'j"ifiC!~ ~ fif~ f~ il"rt it 1971 iiIlf ",.,·I«I.,T ~ U~ ~ ~;::r@' "l>T 1flit 'fT it." m'f-m'f srclr"l> ~ it; ~fff~ru, ~'f~r~ftr, 'ifFnR-r"l> f~Rr. snmrf..... Gi"iIT, If~arr cr Q:f~rfu"l> 1ti{~ it; ~rqT'1l uf~~ W1r mqr;:lf "I'1.,0fl1;('r un:;rR:rn" ~ sit Q;:Cfi f~ ~ISI" CilfTlfifi if iiR"f!l'il> ~lit;ft ~r ::a1fii1.S" ~rit CfiT ;::flse ~ "I'~ 0flfT ~ I U'lT"l' *" ~~ em it; il"g"f'« 'fiT srfuf.,.r~ ~ cr~T ~f::q;;r \if"TRr Cf ~ ....-rf~ U m:arfr!l'i;l' ",.,'Ei'liiltl iiR"fOflV "I'l' f;;rm/~l'~/~ ~~ tf~ f~ll orll ~ ;;rrfCfi ~a- ~r'!Ti'fir~f ll)~~ 'frm;:IT U ~ll~ ;tT \iIT R I ~nrr qit "I'HIT t fop ~ ~r ",.,.I«I.,.r ~f~i;fCfir ll)"I'iITf~T, ~lf1' 8. f~cihrr f~ cpr sromfif'fi ~ ~'reT ~ CfI!.TT f~~ 13. ~1 qcfij" mm Cfll" ~~ ~~ tf¢~ ~~ ~ ({~iifi iifiT'ifT CfiTlT "~'!ifi f~,-,f(l' 1 5. lfl!T srr~ft:ri!fi" "ll.~ q'fi 'i[t rr~ ~ f~ ~T ~P-fif ~ ~ f~ lT~ a-SlfT ll"i'lf ~fift ~ ~fi;G~ ~Tet ~ I 12. f~~ f;;rm f'Sf'!;~ ~ I ~ meT'fit1lf ~w ";:rm~" ~~ ~~ cpr tIT<:cr ~ I ~ ~6 «1 2 G"I!.TT CfiQT oS!fT ~T1f ~f~ ~ ~ ~Tf~<:rt ~ ~ fi!fi". iTI". q-flfCft:r it 'm'i( qc;fiJ ~ ~ ~~ mll,," ~ cT~ ~r 'fT~ t:r~S!f~ q;"r '<{;Cf1 ~T~ ~ ~ I ~ '<{;Cf1 & 'lIm"W~ ~ I fqu:scrr~ ~ it ~fornT c:!I!JT~, fffi15T 'TTtT it ~nTorm tfcfo llTm CfiT \ffl"U ~'<{;Cf1 ol!iT ~ iiI;:a-:;;"if qchfnr &hf"T it ~ oU (i):~~) ~ iii; trT~ it ;;ftr('jT lJft ~ mtr<: ~ ~;offir ~ trNf maT ~ \if) ;;rn:r ~T Wlf <{lffT 1970-71 1980-81 ---~ ,------"----~ srfumr ~~ srfallffi (~~ it) 1 2 3 4 5 1. crrr 48,488 9.36 ] 41,882 27.39 2. ih:~~mw~ tq) 'iiflSJ' iii; m '" '!'"I $ffi 'l:fl::r 20,367 3.93 24,172 4.67 (or) ci\if"{ ~ ~flSJ'a 'l:fl::r 167,160 32.28 93,700 1809 3. ~ ~Ii"fi;ro 'l:f1r q6(f 'l:fu if; ifmlirT 33,599 6.49 33,232 6.42 4. ~ lflnr t9m Wt:!" 21,721 4.19 26,054 5.03 5. q6(f Wi:r "64.747 12.50 55,783 10.77 6. ilTlfT iTlfT ~ ~ 161,848 31.25 143,124 27.63 517,930 100.00 517,947 100.00 28. ~ ~ « "ffQ'Cfi iI1lfT tflIT ~ 1980-81 if mra~ l!ft: ~ ~ ;;iT fit; 1970-71 iii; 9.36 srfuwa- « 28,046 ~~ 'fT ~ 1970-71 it it ~ 2"',392 ~ 1980-81 it 27.39 srfumr ~ i!1fr I ~ 'fT I ~ it ~ 'Iffi ~ ~ 1970-71 1980-81 r- -- __A~ ___-., r-----J.----~ &l~ ~ fifllf'ff w..- ~ ~ ii'f'lSl'O' w..- (~ it) 2 3 4 5 1. WTU~ WIT'"!" ~J ~)?; ~ 127.904 67.95 82.978 48.48 ~ 17 0.01 6 if1J1R:r ~ 3,273 1.74 4,691 2.74 qR;~ ~f~f 986 0.52 1,290 0.75 2. awm q;mi ~ 19,213 10.21 23,328 1363 CIi'!f'm ~ 'WlI' ~ "liT ~ 1.677 0.89 4.432 2.59 Jf~ ~, ~a'lIf 12 ;:pJ'1nJ 24 0.01 rcm: 9,757 5.18 8.366 4.89 ~'iiIT~1 iiI>'T ~ 4,472 2.38 6,799 3.97 -----_.... Q)tr 188.240 100.00 171,170 180." ( ~~ ) 30. 1980-81 ~a- 01'\1' ~ 170 150 32. 1980-81 9n" 67,188 4,981 202 ii f~ ~ '1;n:~~ lIT ~ 1,704 5 Wlf~) G<1~ 406 204 ffrRa- ~ (~<.: i'r) 7;frlf ~~T'ii ~\f"I' 32,825 216 r----"------... fr~ ~'5f ~ 1ff'5f r----"-----... r----"--~ 1970-71 1980-81 1970-71 1980-81 2 3 4 5 9,821 216 1,534 612 38,641 61,980 30,549 52,415 1,943 182 8,747 4,799 8,747 299 10,0 J 6 4.377 779 409 779 246 48,167 67,188 40,075 52.96!) 6 237 24 6 33. ~ !i'flT'< f~ CfiT ~ f~f"Rf ~;oft 1970-71 if 48,167 ~~~l!fT, 1980-81 if 67,188 ~ 1 2 3 4 5 1. ,"mw~ 40,590 84.27 44,975 66.94 ~ I:!;cf ~r~ VmT?I' 35,669 74.05 34,955 5203 lIT~ 1,035 2.15 4,510 6.71 '1;fi'lI"vm~ 3,886 8.07 5,510 8.20 2. awmq;~ 7,577 15.73 22,213 33.06 f~ 3,255 6.76 11,147 16.59 "'fT~T 3,372 700 6,829 10.16 ~rlf~~~ 950 1.97 4,237 6.31 ------ 34. 1979-80 3 6 . 1 9 7 7 ii" Cfl'T ~ tf!?! tn:!JiIT ~ ~rW'H vg~) 'fiT ~ffiu{ 'q"ifJ~ ~~ ~~ 765,220 I!TT f~ ~ 34.42 srfu-mr ~ iI"'fifl:1lT, 24.78 srftrmr ~-, 31.33 srfq-mr qrlf-~, 39. 1980-81 it ~T;:~):& ~ 'fiT~U'f mm~ ~TiT ~ 8 .2 9 srfcroq- -.f~ ~T ~ I. 1 8 srRrmr 41. ~ it tfT~ ....r.r cmfi 51~ ~ 42. ~ tfT<;.'f ~ ft:rlt '4'r ~ it ~ t;;rmr ~ I ~ fult ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~t:T t ;j{~ ~~~, 1. 'eI't~ ~. W"T ~ ~ (NT ~ (~~ Qli:~r~), ~ (I) aM' u;or wfui 0.092 (f~ ~')(;r), ~ m;n: (~T ~"h;) a'un ~T (2) J!"if.TW ~ qiij' 2.562 ~u (f~qy~ ~~) almor I 2. cllcHllf~'fi (~tfq) 2.199 43. ] 977 'fiT q""'I(!i"l1 ~ ~ij'f{ ~ it ~ ~~ ~!:(T 22,529 I!fT I ~ ~ 22,475 \99.76 %1 ~ it (NT 3. ~"mfor ~ it ~ ~lRt am 6R~ cfr ~~ 87 '1r I ,{",.')" ~ 7. ~~ 1.804 it 2.6 60 ~ ~ am q'q t;.r 699 fem (f qp:f ftrcrTf iI> '" ~if ~ ..mr ~ I m ~f ~ it 72 ffi;r eft 'IT~ '1T' 663 rf 58. 1979-80 it f~ if 5 fif.ttrr ~li it;it '5I»I'W: \l'fuf<:ffi lfTtft~ ~ if '()f~~ ~ril' (~~ ~m<'l') it 11 f~~, 'mi' m, f'inq1f;;r, ~ ;q-TiJ: G'IT f~~ if f~1ffl" f~~"() cpr Q;lIl f'iff.t;mr~lf ¥:I'T I it I '(ifij ~ Iff1rnT ~"'T ~ m ...,. 1. 7 ~ ~ ~ 64. ~f 60. 1979-80 ij f~ ij \I,:!\(f""ij 'ilTfel' ~cf ~f;rn 65. f;w~ it; <{tau (~~ eI'~T~), ;ittfT$" ~~~ r- ______-----_.,J... _____ - ______~ - -~ ---- 2 3 4 5 6 1970-71 732 446 65 60 161 1971-72 741 465 65 50 161 1972-73 772 465 125 89 93 1973-74 778 492 135 55 96 1974-75 788 508 125 55 100 1975-76 866 477 179 136 74 1976-77 866 480 190 134 62 1977-78 867 481 190 134 62 1978-79 867 487 184 134 62 1979-80 867 511 166 128 62 1980-81 881 557 157 102 65 68. ;fim fifi ~ Cfi"T ffifi;r~ ~ ~~, 1980-81 if 7 1. UT ",q f'lfIli1'U .,mf.~fem mmfiA' 81fT ~f~~ .,m~~ 7 7. iliiflT~ ~ '{<"fTipf it; f~ it; f~f1; ~r ~1'1lfOlf ~ ~'" fU~ IH"I' iifi"TlfSlim it; mer -ml!f ~;:zr f ifI"'T o!t1'1Tfui ~ '1'T ~ ~ I ~ irir ~~ ~ <;)tfi ","~'9!:fT 1981 '1fT "' ..... 1(£1<11 ~"f~ 12,713 ~ I ~ "()g ~ ~{I' ~~ it .....!fi' ffi"l':fif ~ ;;IT ~ "If ~cqf'fc fit:ffi' ~ I tTR it; ~ qf!r;;r1r it t:r~q- ....r CflT ~ ll'f~'{ & I ~ ~ ~~ 'liT 'i~ ~~ ~r-u <=:~ ~ ~ lIW ili fil1 ~ ~ \ifl ~~ it; q&ll crqr ~ ~ ~ra ~ ~ tnkifiT ifi"r 1jf'q 'liT ~if> srfu;& ~'fTif ~ , 'Qlt ~