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174 Appendices APPENDICES 174 Appendix 2. Samoan and Taxonomic Names: Crops and Cultigens `aute garden hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. coral hibiscus H. schizopetalus Mast. Rose of Sharon H. syriacus L. `ava kava Piper methysticum Forester `ava pui wild ginger Zingiber zerumbet L. esi papaya Carica papaya L. fa`i banana Musa spp. fau beach hibiscus Pariti tiliaceus L. fetila nd fu`afu`a guest tree Kleinhovia hospita L. *canoe floats fue sosolo bush taro vine Rhaphidophora graeffei Engl. *fish traps futu Barringtonia asiatica L. gatae Erythrina spp. hibiscus see `aute; fau kapisi cabbage Brassica spp. koko cocoa Theobroma cacao L. kopa nd ku`ava guava Psidium guajava/littorale kukama cucumber (Milner) laga`ali garland tree Aglaia samoensis Gray lau fala Scripodendron costatum Kurz. Pandanus samoensis Warb. P. turritus Martelli P. tectoris Parkinson lau i`e Pandanus odoratissimus L. Freycinetia samoensis Warb. lau talotalo lily Crinum asiatica L. *decorative, ceremonial, fishing Anthrophyum plantagineum Cav. lau talotalo samasama nd (yellow lily? TM) lau ta`ata`a Crow's foot grass Eleusine indica L. *no use listed; "weed" lili lily (Milner) mago mango Mangifera indica L. manioka cassava/manioc/tapioca Manihota esculeta Crantz ma-soa- Polynesian arrowroot Tacca leontopetaloides L. maukeni nd meleni watermelon Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. moli citrus fruit Citrus and Fortunella spp. moli `aina common sweet orange Citrus sinensis L. moli ai suka pomelo C. gradis (Whistler, 176 1984) moso`oi ylang-ylang Canaga odorata Lam. niu coconut Cocos nucifera L. nonu Indian mulberry Morinda citrifolia L. nonu vao rose or mountain apple Syzygium malaccense L. `ofe Samoan bamboo Schizostachyum glaucifolium Ruprecht pi- bean, pea (Milner) pineapple fala `aina (Milner) pua pua sami/pua same no data pulu (pulutai) beach spurge (medicinal) Euphorbia atoto Forst. (pulu vao) rubber (cricket balls) Castillo elastica Cervantes pumpkin sana corn Zea mays L. talie country almond Terminalia catappa L. T. littoralis Seem. talo palagi no data tapioka manioka Manihota esculeta Crantz ta`amu Alocasia macrorrhiza L. talo taro Colocasia esculenta L. tipolo (moli tipolo) lime C. aurantifolia Christm. (moli apatupatu) citron C. medica L. tolo sugar cane Saccharum officinarum L. tomato ufi yam Dioscorea spp. `ulu breadfruit Artocarpus altilis Parkinson `umala sweet potato Ipomoea batatas L. vi Polynesian plum Spondias dulcis Forst. Identifications from Parham unless otherwise noted. * Uses given by Parham indicated when not obvious. 177 Appendix 3. Samoan and Taxonomic Names: Marine Species `ali`ao Trochus sp. M mollusk alili Turbo sp. M mollusk aloama a fish M alogo Hepatus lineatus JS Acanthurus sp. M (when full grown) `ama`ama Grapsus sp. M crab `anae Liza caeruleomaculata JS ; Velamugil sp. M `anae afa nd asi asi =faisua when small M mollusk aso ama nd `ata`ata Epinephelus sp.; Cephalopholis sp.; Leiurus sp. S `ata `ata uli Leiuranus semicinctus JS; a dark `ata`ata S atu Megalaspis cordyla S atule Trachurops crumenophthalma JS a`u Strongylura sp. M `ava`ava Terapon jarbua JS bonito atu S faamaau nd fai Himantura fai S sting ray fai pe`a nd fa-isua Tridacna sp. M mollusk fausi nd fe`e octopus M filoa Lethrinus sp.; Lethrinella sp. when fully grown (i.e., about two ft long.) M foafoa Cypraea sp. M conch fuafua nd fuga Callyodon spp. JS Scarus sp. M fugafuga Holothuria sp. M sea slug also = fuga M gatala Epinephelus merra JS Epinephelus sp.; Cephalopholis sp. S (general term for many spotted fish, esp. sea bass. S) gatala aleva Anyperodon leucogrammicus JS gatala moana C. argus JS gatala uli C. argus JS; C. leopardus S geti Stichopus sp. M used to prepare sea sea slug grouper i`a sina Mulloides samoensis JS i`a usi nd (Usiusi= Scarus sp. when 6 inches. (SEE FUGA) ise Belone platyura JS kunane/tunane nd laea Callyodon spp. JS (SEE FUGA) Scarus sp. when 2 ft (SEE FUGA) M lalafi Cheilinus diagrammus JS la-la-futu Caranx plumbeus JS* ; C. armatus S lape a shellfish P 178 laumei Chelonia imbricata P turtle C. virgata P limu "General name given to mosses, lichens, algae, and seaweeds." M lo Siganus spp. S loli Holothuria sp. M sea cucumber lupo Caranx spp. JS C.ignoblis; C. sexfasciatus S Zebrasoma veliferum JS (not in S as lupo.) (lupa= Zebrasoma veliferum S) mala`i Lutianus gibbus JS malali nd malau Holocentrus spp. JS Myripristis spp. JS fatu nd pu`u Holocentrus sp. P malauli Caranx melampygus JS malie sharks S mama`o Muelleria sp. M sea slug manase a fish P manifi Hepatus triostegus JS Pempheris oualensis JS Holocetris spinifer S Pseudupeneus sp. S manini Chaetodon citrinellus JS* Hepatus triostegus S Acanthurus sp. M (when full grown) manumanu nd (mamanu= Scarus sp. when 1.5-2 ft (SEE FUGA) M) maono Acanthurus sp. M marlin masina nd matapisu Acmaea sp. M mollusk matapula Priacanthus cruentatus S mata`ele Epinephelus sp. M matu-lau Pseudupeneus sp. M maua`e nd melei nd moamoa Lactoria cornuta JS moana Hepatus guttatus JS moana uli nd mu- some Lethrinus sp. when about six inches long. M mu mata vaivai nd mu-mu- = mu M (mu-mu- moana = Monotaxis grandoculis S) mutu Holotrachys lima JS (mutu uli= Megaprotodon trifasciatus JS) Abudefduf sp. M mutumutu nd nimu nd (=limu?) nofu Synanceja verrucosa JS Scorpaenopsis gibbosa JS 179 nuufe`e nd [squid? TM] ofaofa Metalia sp. M sea urchin opihi (Hawaiian: Cellona sp. Pukui & Elbert. No clear correspondence to a Samoan mollusc. TM) pa kao kao nd pala malau nd (=malau?) (pa-la= fish, not identified M) palagi Ctenochaetus striatus JS pala`ia "called moamoa when young; logouli when changing to the adult stage." S palolo Palolo viridis P Eunice sp. M sea annelid palu Aphareus sp. M papa Epinephelus sp. M papata Paribacus sp. M a crayfish papatu nd (patu= Purpura sp.; Vasum sp.; M mollusks) pa`a "name give to crabs in general. " M parrot fish =fuga (which includes laea, usiusi, mamanu) M pa`umalo- Monacanthus sp. M pipi Abudefduf metallicus JS (and M) Asaphis sp. M edible mollusk pone Hepatus sp. S surgeon fish Acanthurus sp. M pule Cypraea ovula P Cypraea sp.; Ovula sp. M mollusks pusi Muraena sp. P Echidna spp. S Gymnothorax spp. JS Leptocephalus marginatus JS safole Kuhlia taeniura JS sapatu Sphyraena obtusata JS* sa`ulele a kind of fish M savane Lutjanus sp. M (when about 1 foot long.) sa`ula swordfish and sawfish M sea sea cucumber, and the dish prepared from it M. SEE GETI segasega Myripristis sanguineus JS* Holocentrus ruber S sesema nd (sesama= Portuguese man-o-war. Pratt) shrimp (freshwater= mosimosi M) sisi general term for snails M sofe a fish P sogelau a fish P sue Tetraodon sp. JS sugale Cheilinus diagrammus JS Gomphosus tricolor JS Thalassoma fuscum JS [plus other identifications when sugale is modified. All in JS.] sumu Balistes spp. JS trigger fish tafala nd tagi- kind of fish M 180 taiva Scolopsis trilineata JS Lutianus monostigma JS snapper talaia nd ta-malau Holocentrus spp. M (when fully grown) tanifa "A kind of large man-eating shark." M ta`oto Parapercis tetracanthus JS Valenciennea violifera JS Zenarchopterus vaisiganus JS tapula`a Turbo sp. M mollusk tautu Diodon hystrix P (tauta= Diodon hystrix JS) tifitifi Zanclus canescens JS (butterfly fish and Chaetodon spp. JS fish resembling them S.) tuitui Echinometra sp. M urchin tulaiga nd tuna Anguilla sp. JS tu`u`u Abudefduf dicki JS Abudefduf leucopomus JS Caracanthus maculatus JS Pomacentrus melanopterus JS Pomacentrus nigricans JS uga hermit crabs in general M `ui nd ula "Name given to several crustaceans (including lobsters and prawns)." M ulutu`i Cirrhites sp. M ulua Caranx forsteri JS ulumane nd `ulutunu large Holothuria P ume Acanthurus lituratus JS Acanthurus unicornis JS Hepatus matoides JS umelei a type of ume (identified by JS with all three of above names. TM] utu a fish P u-u- Birgus sp. M coconut crab `u`u Modiala sp. M mollusk vana Echinus sp. P Diadema sp. M urchin vete Mulloides suriflamma JS Upeneus vittatus JS yellowfin All are fish unless otherwise indicated. JS: Jordan & Seale as cited in Goo & Banner. JS*: Identifications that do not agree with Safford, otherwise all J&S identifications are also listed by Safford. M: Milner P: Pratt as cited in Goo & Banner. Noted when identifications were not listed elsewhere. 181 S: Safford. Only noted when they were not also listed by J&S. nd: No data. Alternate possibilities listed in parentheses. 182 Appendix 4. Samoan and Taxonomic Names: Medicinal Plants a`atasi Nasturtium sarmentosum Sol.Schulz (CRUCIFERAE) (P,GAS) Euphorbia atoto Forst. (EUPHORBIACEAE) (P) (*ulutai P) Rorippa sarmentosa DC. Macbr. (BRASSICACEAE) (W) Ago Curcuma longa L.(ZINGIBERACEAE)(W,P) aloalo Premna serratifolia L. (VERBENACEAE)(W) Premna taitensis Schauer (VERBENACEAE) (Pm,GAS) aloalo tai Clerodendrum inerme L. (VERBENACEAE) (W,Pm,GAS) aloalo vao Mussaendra raiateensis Moore (RUBIACEAE)(W,Pm,GAS) (*fua i tausaga, lau paepae Pm) Citronella samoensis C. (ICACINACEAE)(P) aoa Ficus prolixa Forester (MORACEAE) (W) Ficus obliqua Forester (MORACEAE) (W,GAS) `aoa Ficus godeffroyi Warb. (MORACEAE) (P) (a-oa/a-oa fafine Ficus aoa Warb. (MORACEAE) (P) `aoa tane Ficus graeffi Warb. (MORACEAE) (P)) (Milner: a-oa) asi Syzygium inophylloides Muell (W*) ateate Wollastonia biflora L. DC. (ASTERACEAE) (W) Wedelia biflora L. DC. (COMPOSITAE)(P,GAS, W*) `ava Piper methysticum Forester (PIPERACEAE) (W,GAS,Pm) `ava pui Zingiber zerumbet L. (ZINGIBERACEAE) (W,GAS,Pm) `ava`ava aitu Macropiper puberulum Benth. (PIPERACEAE) (W) Piper puberulum Benth. (PIPERACEAE) (P) Macropiper timothianum A.C.Sm. (PIPERACEAE) (W) Piper graeffei Warb. (PIPERACEAE) (P) Piper tutuilae C.DC (PIPERACEAE) (Pm) (Whistler: `ava`ava aitu sosolo refers to the vine like Piper; `ava`ava aitu tu refers to the shrub like Micropiper. (W*)) `ava`ava aitu(sosolo) Piper graeffei Warb.
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