Young People in Indonesia

investing inyoung people in indonesia

Inspirational Young Leaders Driving Social Change INDONESIA

United Nations Population Fund Indonesia

Menara Thamrin, 7th Floor Jalan MH Thamrin Kav. 3, Jakarta, Indonesia Tel: +6221 3141308 www.indonesia.unfpa.org

UNFPAIndonesia

@UNFPAIndonesia Investing in Young People in Indonesia 3 Disclaimer by: Edited by: Co-authored Contributors Anggraini SariAstuti Briliansy Mulyanto Angga DwiMartha Alanda Kariza views andpositions ofUNFPA and theGovernment of Indonesia. thepolicies, this document are thoseoftheauthorsanddo notreflect in The stories,findings,interpretations andconclusionspresented Catriona Croft-Cusworth Faqih AuliaAkbarRasyid Anindya NastitiRestuviani Johan PiterGinuny Diba Safitri Afrado Raymon Sewar Faza FairuzaAz-Zahra Rizky AsharMurdiono Muhammad Ami Vania Santoso investing inyoung people in indonesia

1 Investing in Young People in Indonesia U stronger andmoreeffective. on youth development, thereby makingtheUNresponse tributions byUNagenciesinIndonesiaalreadyworking velopment (IANYD). Thenetwork aimstocoordinatecon theInter-AgencyNetwork onYouthDe 2013 established Nationscountry team inIndonesia in ment, theUnited theimportanceofyoungRecognising indevelop people aim toplaceyoung atthecentreofwhatwe people do. and leaders. We initiators, participants, decision-makers only asatargetgroupfordevelopment, butaspotential Nations,weAt theUnited work withyoung not people to come”. groundwork for a more sustainable future for generations By empowering today’s youth, together we canlay the them. young thataffect inmakingthedecisions people partnerships with youth-led organisations, and to involve 2 youth indevelopment planning,tostrengthen “I callonallthosewithinfluencetoprioritise World PopulationDay addressthisyear said, GeneralN Secretary Mr.BanKi-mooninhis - - - UN ResidentCoordinatorinIndonesia Douglas Broderick you make ofit. with thebest,andyou willachieve thebest.Yourlifeiswhat your skills. Findmentorstosupportyou. Surroundyourself find outwho you areandhow you cancontribute.Develop them. Goaheadandaskthebigquestions.Taketimeto lenges inyour lifetime.Ihave faith thatyou canmanage mymessageisthis: theworld willfacegreatchal people, youngfuture forIndonesia.ToallofIndonesia’stalented The storiesinthisbookletinspireconfidenceforabright tions toanewgovernment in2014andbeyond. from theGovernment ofIndonesiaasthecountrytransi We attheUNhopetocontinueworking with ourpartners tential contributionstoasustainablefutureforIndonesia. (UNFPA) toprioritise young andhighlighttheirpo people NationsPopulationFund in Indonesia,particularlyUnited This publication is anotherinitiative Nations bytheUnited - - - oday, adolescents and youth represent the largest gen- Youth have a valuable contribution to make in Indonesia. When eration in human history. One third to almost one half youth are engaged in processes to influence the policy decisions of the population in developing countries is under 20 that affect them, they have the ability to improve the policy focus, years old. The challenges and opportunities brought by find innovative solutions and increase youth participation. Young Tthis demographic change need to be addressed and harnessed in people need to provide advice and technical guidance on how to order to achieve national development goals. Their transition into best manage the issues that affect them. There is a duty on the adulthood needs to be understood within a larger development part of governments around the world to assist and collaborate context. Increased poverty, social inequalities, low quality educa- with young people to reach these goals. tion, gender discrimination, widespread unemployment, weak- ened health systems and rapid globalisation are the realities that It is with great appreciation that UNFPA extends its gratitude to young people now face. all those involved in this report; to the young author Ms. Alanda Kariza, our Youth Advocate Mr Angga Dwi Martha, and our Youth UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, is mandated by the Advisory Panel who provided expertise in the writing of the re- Programme of Action developed at the International Conference port. We also thank our Programme Officer for Youth and Ado- on Population and Development to promote the empowerment lescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH), Ms. Margaretha and well-being of young people and to ensure their safe transition Sitanggang our editor, Ms. Catriona Croft-Cusworth, and youth to adulthood. To do so, we need to secure young people’s partici- leaders and networks that have given their time to collaborate on pation in and rights to education, work opportunities and health and finalise this report. services. Enabling young people to make choices about their sexual and reproductive health has tremendous bearing on all aspects Today’s youth have higher expectations than the generations of their lives, including their health, education, employment and before them, with a stronger grasp of their rights and a clearer participation in society. vision of what they are capable of accomplishing. The aim of this booklet is to showcase how investing in young people will ben- The theme of World Population Day in 2014 is ‘Investing in Young efit their future, and Indonesia’s development. We believe that People’. Adolescents and youth are central to the future develop- the young people in this booklet are the leaders in their fields and ment agenda. A safe, and successful and healthy passage from making real change for development. adolescence into adulthood is the right of every youth. This right can only be fulfilled if families and societies make focused in- I hope you will be inspired by their stories. vestments and provide opportunities to ensure that young people progressively develop the knowledge, skills and resilience needed Jose Ferraris for a healthy, productive and fulfilling life. UNFPA Representative in Indonesia

3 Investing in Young People in Indonesia • • • • Why invest in availability and quality of, and access to, sexual and mission of HIV and there are also significant gapsin nal death,sexually andtrans transmitted infections progress inpreventing adolescent pregnancies,mater ual andreproductive toolittle life.Yetthere has been The largestgeneration ofadolescentsisentering sex economies. a critical source ofskillsinchanging ary education, facing challengesinaccessingandcompletingsecond More girlsarefinishingprimaryschool,butthey are their families,communitiesandcountries. power, isessential to theirdevelopment andthatof access to health services that emphasize gender and employment,decent effective livelihood skills,and vesting in theirfuture by providing quality education, velopment agenda.Safeguardingtheirrightsandin Adolescents and youth arecentral tothefuturede healthy, productive andfulfillinglife. fora velop skillsandresilienceneeded theknowledge, to ensurethatadolescentsandyouth progressively de investmentsmake focused andprovide opportunities iffamiliesandsocieties right canonlybefulfilled cence intoadulthoodistherightofevery child.This A safe,successfulandhealthypassagefromadoles 4 young people?young ------• • • • can increasetheir demographic dividends. and overcome barrierstotheirwell-being, countries thatinfluencetheirfuture, to participateindecisions of their lives,all aspects create conditions for them With investments that give young choices in people gender inequality. tional poverty, illiteracy, violence, and gender-based young andgovernments people toendinter-genera programmestred cancontributetotheeffortsof youth-cen andskillstheyagency, knowledge willneed, with the By ensuringthatyoung areequipped people them. affect tion ofadolescentsandyouth that inmakingdecisions fortheparticipa andmechanisms crete procedures Only 76percentofcountriesreportinstitutingcon theirlives. affect sion-making processesthatdirectly arestilltoooftenexcluded fromdeci Young people girl’s healthandopportunities. access toSRHservicescanhave lastingimpactona forSRHservicesincreaseacutely.Lackof their needs As girlsmove intoadolescenceandyoung adulthood, people. reproductive foryoung healthservicesandeducation - - - - - Priority Areas of Concern for Indonesian Youth

Education: Access is a challenge for those in rural and re- Information and Communications Technology (ICT): mote areas, for youth in special conditions and for young ICT is a crosscutting issue and is rapidly influencing how people with special needs. Bridging education to employ- youth communicate, learn and work. Indonesia needs to ment is essential to prepare young people to enter the job harness the educational and economic value of ICT, as well market and for long-term employment. Young Indone- as deal with the negative impacts. sians voice common concerns about the quality of education, the need for inclusive education and a non-discrim- Citizenship: Young Indonesians do not yet fully embrace inatory experience. Sexual and reproductive health needs or take advantage of citizenship. A combination of educa- to be urgently and appropriately included in school cur- tion, awareness and skepticism contributes to low levels of ricula to ensure young people make safe, responsible and civic participation. There are some positive trends as well, smart decisions about their futures. including the growing role of volunteerism.

Health: There are seven major health categories of con- Safety and Security: The four main areas considered to cern for young people, including sanitation, personal hy- be of critical importance to youth are bullying, workplace giene, risky behaviors, sexual and reproductive health, safety and security, underage and/or child labor, and gen- and new and re-emerging diseases. Youth themselves der-based violence (GBV). have also expressed three additional issues as important health priorities: smoking behaviour, increasing morbid- Environment, Culture and Traditions: Environmental ity of non-communicable disease and harmful traditional and climate based challenges are seen by young people as practices. a critical area of concern. Focus group discussion participants cite a need to change lifestyles and policies in Indo- Economic opportunities: Problems of access to econom- nesia in order to contribute to and “create a better world”. ic opportunities for youth are closely linked to education Several cultural and traditional factors support the devel- and poverty issues in Indonesia. Traditional (and avail- opment of young people. This includes “friendly and pos- able) work, such as farming, is not viewed by many young itive” support from young people’s social environments, people as providing a decent income. The motivation to including from parents, teachers, public figures and other obtain a higher income, together with high rates of un- adults. To help create a decent and inspiring life for young employment, has driven many young people to become people, adults need to be available as positive role models. self-employed.

Source: Indonesian Youth in 21st Century, 2014, UNFPA Indonesia 5 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 6 This book proﬁles the achievements of 21 INSPIRING YOUTH LEADERS from across Indonesia. The young people featured here were selected by youth leaders and members of UNFPA Indonesia’s YOUTH ADVISORY PANEL (YAP), a forum set up by UNFPA to include YOUTH AGED 15-24 in developing policies and programmes to better address their needs. They worked hard to seek out young people who are MAKING A DIFFERENCE for their communities, for Indonesia and for the world. Some of the stories are told in the words of the authors, while others have been compiled in the words of the proﬁled leaders themselves. ALL OF THEM COME FROM THE YOUTH OF INDONESIA.

There are MANY OTHER YOUTH LEADERS out there in Indonesia who, due to the limitations of the project, could not be included in this book. We hope that the stories told here will inspire them to continue their work, and ENCOURAGE OTHER YOUNG PEOPLE to become involved in developing their nations and communities, and LEAVING THEIR MARK ON THE WORLD. We also hope to prompt the older generation to recognise the fantastic work being carried out by youth leaders, and to support them and others like them in fulﬁlling their potential. As shown in the pages of this book, INVESTING IN YOUNG PEOPLE is the key to a better common future for us all.

Nadya Saib Building Her Own Beautiful Dynasty

Upon graduating from university with a Pharmacy major, Nadya Saib, 27, and two of her friends decided to pursue an entrepreneurial journey with Wangsa Jelita, a social enterprise that offers natural personal care products while empowering local communities.

angsa Jelita has been my main My friends and I first started Wangsa Jelita, gig for almost six years now. which literally means “the Beautiful Dynasty”, It’s very exciting to look back in 2008. The fact that there is no pharmaceu- W and see how I have grown to- tical regulation of the word “natural” encour- gether with the business. Starting out with a aged me and my friends to create something dream in high school of having my own beau- that embodies the true concept of natural ty products brand, I later tried it out as a hob- products. We carefully chose only “good” in- by before truly running a venture and, finally, gredients that we wanted to put in our per- growing a social enterprise that collaborates sonal care products. In retrospect, it was more with a local communities. I feel so blessed to like a hobby investment – something that we say that this entrepreneurial pursuit is some- enjoyed doing, something that we were excit- thing that has kept me busy every day. ed about.

9 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 10 we shouldnever takeforgranted.Ihope Wang well aretwo thingsthat theskillsofourpeople, natural resources in Indonesia at ourdisposal, as ness alsomakesadifference.Therichnessofthe IthinkthewaySecondly, we conductthebusi dients withintheproductsthey useorconsume. eventually raise awareness people’s of the ingre tracts thrown in.I hope thatthisbusinesscan chemically ladenoneswithafewnatural ex al careproductsthatreallyserve their skin,not I believe everyone deserves truly natural person nities. empowers localcommu a socialenterprisethat maximising businessto from atraditional profit business hasevolved the way we conduct our remains thesame,but personal care products producing trulynatural spirit ofintroducingand our localartisans.The the sameapproachfor rate theircrops inourproductlines.Now we use at afairtrade priceandfinding ways toincorpo topurchasingfarmers’crops We arecommitted our idealsabouthow abusinessshouldoperate. Wangsa Jelitaintosomethingthatwould meet our country, and we were to expand inspired But thenalongtheway we metlocalfarmersin - - has evolved.has business our conduct way the but same, we the remains products care natural personal truly producing and introducing of spirit The ------organization (NGO), including organizations like done bythegovernment ornon-governmental I believe therearemanythingsthatcouldbe ple intheyears tocome. those two majorresources,andserve manypeo sa Jelitawillcontinuetomakeofthebestout right track. go. Nonetheless,I’moptimistic thatwe’re onthe nation we have set–there isstillalongway to uct industry.Wehave notyet thedesti reached prises globally,aswell inthepersonalcareprod oneoftheleadingsocial enter Jelita canbecome sa Jelitainthefuture.IreallyhopethatWangsa I stillhave plenty ofplansfordeveloping Wang would be agreathelp. that opportunityforyouth asearlypossible,it IfUNFPApeers. andthegovernment canprovide powerful, formeatleast,tolearnfrommyown to myage.Ihave foundthatitis close when itcomesfromsomeone inspiration is usually the greatest From myexperience, theimpactof of ideas, inspiration and motivation. can learnfrom.They aremysource whomIcanlookuptoand people lucky tohave many abletomeet been I’m struggles, isvery muchneeded. can sharetheirlessons,aswell their I thinkaccesstorolemodelswho entrepreneurs. dreams ofbecoming UNFPA, tofacilitateyoung people’s - - - - - Farmers’ children show off their produce used in Wangsa Jelita beauty products.

11 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 12 participate inthepoliticallifeoftheirsocieties. renew ourcommitmenttohelp young people of youth inhistory–1.8billionyoung people, are denied theirrightfulopportunitiestoget are denied enormous potentialtohelptacklethemajor “The world today hasitslargestgeneration challenges facinghumanity.Buttoomany World PopulationDay isanopportunityto a quality education, find decent work, and finddecent a qualityeducation, mostly indeveloping countries –with unleash progressacross Secretary-General of the United Nations, Secretary-General of theUnited on World PopulationDay 2014 Mr. BanKi-moon society.” YOUNGYOUNG PEOPLEPEOPLE ININ THETHE WORLDWORLD TODAYTODAY

with a population of close to some $ $ 75 million youth 90% more than are unemployed 1.8 of the world’s youth live million billion people, 500 in developing countries, youth aged 15 to 24 the world is home to where they tend to the largest generation of live on less than make up the largest $2 a day young people in its history proportion of the population

some $ million young women and men 65 are three times more likely adolescents of than older segments of junior high school age the population remain out of school to be unemployed, and in some countries the youth unemployment rate exceeds

Sources: Global Youth Call: Prioritizing Youth in the Post-2015 Development Agenda

young women and men are under-represented in and 50percent excluded from decision-making processes: Less than 2% of parliamentarians around the world are in their 20s and only 12% are in their 30s.

despite signiﬁcant progress made since the MDGs were adopted, this generation of young people has been left behind. they are still denied the opportunities in developing countries, 1.5 billion persons, that they need to realise 1 in 3 girls the majority of them young their full potential. is married before her 18th birthday people, live in conﬂict or and across the world, more than in fragile situations ? half of all sexual assaults take place ? against girls younger than 16

13 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 14 Timmy & Vikra Instilling the ‘Can-Do’ Mindset among Young Activists

Vikra Ijas and his friend Alfatih Timur, who is better known as Timmy, strongly believe in the potential of young people to transform Indonesia. That’s why they started KitaBisa, an online crowdfunding portal designed to support young people’s social activism. This is their story.

e currently spend our lives has enabled us to easily connect with each other. spreading optimism to the These connections must now be capitalised on people of Indonesia, especial- to support projects that seek to unearth our vast W ly among the youth. Too often potential. have we heard the saying Indonesia has so much unrealised potential’ - yet it remains a saying The KitaBisa Foundation focuses on facilitating as time passes by. That is what motivated us to and promoting cross-sectoral collaboration to build KitaBisa, which literally means “We Can” support projects that create social impact and (no Obama reference there). betterment for Indonesia, from those address- ing poverty, education, health care, the environ- The basic value that forms the foundation for ment, religious and community issues, to cre- KitaBisa is gotong royong (collaboration/com- ative and technology-based projects. munal work), a traditional value that is embod- ied by every citizen of this country. Technology

15 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 16 In ouroneyear ofoperation, thesitewas official pact ofmanyexisting orupcomingprojects. collaborationcross-sectoral canleverage theim all, butintheenditcomesdown toourbeliefthat model is“impactenabler”.It suresoundsfancyand We’ve toldthat theappropriatetermforour been rate onourprojects.” much, thencomethisway andsupportorcollabo ofcourseis,“IfyouThe second love your countryso create abetterIndonesia,thenshareitrighthere”. should know about,andthathas the potentialto an excitingthatyou idea orproject thinkpeople ofIndonesia.Thefirstis“Hey,people if you’ve got Essentially, we want to send two messages to the andresources. right people communicate orreachthe but weto findit difficult else’slife, change someone thatcan or ongoingproject Many of us have a great idea networking opportunities. training toworkshops and hands-on support,from line platformandprovide Going forward, wemorethananon aimtobecome simple, conciseandstraight tothepoint. ourfundraising it isessentialforustokeep pages formation andhave littletimetoread.Thatiswhy within arealreadybombarded know thatpeople port. Intoday’s fast-moving informationcycle, we andenablesthemtolendtheirsup gages people withanonlinefundraisingprojects pagethat en Through ourwebsite Kitabisa.co.id,we provide resources. and people right the reach or communicate difficult to it find we but life, else's someone that change can project ongoing or idea have us of agreatmany ------and onlinevirality. So we trulybelieve inthepower ofword-of-mouth achieved withpractically zeromarketingbudget. in numbers,weallofthatwas areproudbecause tal of$85,000.Thoughitmay relatively seem small raising projects, ato than 25successfullyfunded in6July2013wely launched have more facilitated are willingtoback them.And we can, can’twe? resources andnetworks that ple withtherequired withpeo for newideastobefoundand toconnect the very least,onlineexposure gives abetterchance trepreneurship whenitcomes toraising funds.At UNFPA’s supportingpartner tofacilitateyouth en Taking allthisintoaccount,we would love tobecome work and,ofcourse,funds. expertise, resources,knowledge, net the required dreams. Noteveryone hastheluxuryofaccessto help ouryouths inpursuingtheirentrepreneurial tohaveneed thatcan realhands-onplacesorpeople However, in realitywe are not there yet. We still thisproblem”. that “theInternethaseliminated a finalistintheDBS-NUSSocialVentureChallenge as It was a great honour for KitaBisa to be selected opportunity. Ideally,we’d love tosay of thebiggestchallengesforequal of Indonesia,accessisarguablyone ence. Given thearchipelagicnature and opportunitiestomakeadiffer ple byproviding themwithaccess should be ableto support young peo such as government bodies and NGOs, We believe otherpillarsofsociety, social ventures. Asia, alongsideAsia’smostinspiring ------KitaBisa.com receiving the People’s Choice Award as part of the DBS-NUS Social Venture Challenge Asia in 2014.

17 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 18 citizens, they cancontributemorefullytotheir and fully engaged youngand fullyengaged canhelpbreak people the cycle ofintergenerational poverty andare “We know that healthy, educated, productive“We know thathealthy,educated, societal challenges. As skilled and informed andinformed societal challenges.Asskilled more resilientinthefaceofindividualand United NationsUnder-Secretary-General United communities andnations.” and UNFPAExecutive Director Dr. BabatundeOsotimehin YOUTHYOUTH ININ INDONESIAINDONESIA

Youth in the Provinces: Where Do They Live?

Aceh

North Sumatra North North Sulawesi Maluku 26 The 2010 Population Census recorded Riau Gorontalo % West Kalimantan East Kalimantan 62 million youth aged 15-29 West Sumatera Central Sulawesi West Papua Jambi Central Bangka Belitung Kalimantan Papua in Indonesia, accounting for about South West Sulawesi Sumatra South Maluku Bengkulu Kalimantan 26% of the population. South East Sulawesi Lampung South Sulawesi Jakarta Banten Central Java West Java East Yogyakarta Java Bali West Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara

Over time, the size of the youth Percentage of Youth Aged 15-29 Years : population has been increasing 23.1% 31.3% Source: Population Census 2010, BPS-Statistics Indonesia and is projected to reach 70 million in 2035.

Youth as a Demographic Bonus: Bringing a Window of Opportunity

100

While the youth population continues to grow, its proportion within the total population has declined 80 Demographic Bonus since 2000, dropping to 26 percent. This proportion is expected to drop to 23 < 65 percent by 2035. Window 60 of Opportunity <15 The size of the dependent population, or those aged under 15 and over 65, is relatively low and likely to change only gradually in the coming decades. 65+ There is a window of opportunity 40 Note: a) The projections to invest more resources in now from 2010-2060 are based before a greater share of resources is needed to on the medium fertility support an ageing population in the future. assumption.

Dependent population per 100 persons 15-64 years Dependent population 20

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 Year

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, DVD Edition. 19 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 20 Gamal Albinsaid Turning Waste into Access to Health care Facilities for the Less Privileged

Young doctor Gamal Albinsaid has helped more than 2000 underprivileged people gain access to medical support. His efforts in establishing Indonesia Medika and garbage clinical insurance have earned the 24-year-old accolades such as the Inspiring Scientific Award from Indonesia’s Minister of Research and Technology, AusAID’s Indonesian Social Innovator Award, the Ashoka Young Changemakers Award and the Unilever Sustainable Living Young Entrepreneur Award.

have been focusing my activism and entre- that are based on practical and strategic solu- preneurial efforts around the health care in- tions for improving health in Indonesia. Through dustry because from the way I see it, health Indonesia Medika, I hope to share recent knowl- Ilevels in Indonesia are relatively low, evi- edge, previous experience, and build wider net- dent in the health issues that are still prevalent works to solve the problems. My goal is not only in many areas in Indonesia. We still have many to create a breakthrough programme, but to unsolved cases of disease. Because of that, social make one that is both effective and efficient. entrepreneurs and scientists are needed in Indo- nesia. Thats why I developed Indonesia Medika, I set up the Garbage Clinic Insurance (GCI) ini- an organization that combines principals of de- tiative, whereby less privileged people can ex- velopment with those of entrepreneurship and change their household waste for access to health care. I believe that interconnection and medical facilities and support in GCI-accredited innovation can merge to create health products clinics. The collected waste is used to generate

21 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 22 population, many remainwithoutanycoverage. to60percentofthe inthelastdecade creased insurance populationcoverage rates have in services forthepoor.Although householdhealth theclichéofpoorhealth sources” hasbecome re middle-income country.Until now, “limited bytheWorldBankasa Indonesia isclassified speak forthemselves. portunity todoit,you thattheresultswill willsee do toachieve it.Ifyou give mycompanyanop who I want and what I haverealised to become to ing. ThisisthepointinmylifewhenIhave truly to fight for the opportunity to continue my call for me,itwas andstill ismycalling.Iamwilling wasand socialprojects notonlyafuturedream of my life. Theopportunity to conductresearch programmes have always anintegral been part cial entepreneurinhealth”.Researchandsocial have tobe“scientist”and“so to describemyself,they would If Iwere tochoose two labels Java. the community in Malang, East with earningsfromrefuse 12 nurses, all of whom are paid 88 volunteers, 15doctorsand Todate,GCIhasrecruited teers. cists, dentistsandhealthvolun access todoctors,nurses,midwives, pharma ical servicesforthecommunity,givingfamilies health careprogrammes. CGIalsoprovides clin tocoveris used apatient’streatment andrun reach closeto10,000Indonesianrupiah,which Amonth’sworth ofrefusecan sold tocollectors. waste fertiliserwhileinorganicwaste becomes is funds tocover healthcosts.Forexample, organic - - independence. establishing and system, stabilising the building I have steps: three people, young empowering For ------est, whichisrelatively toother low compared and3.5percentfortherich for thepoorestdecile ing isonhealth,ranging fromabout1.6percent day. About2.1percentoftotalhousehold spend US$1 aday, andabouthalflive onlessthan$2a of ourpopulationcontinuestolive onlessthan estimatesindicatethatabout18percent Recent ideas intoaction. focus onpreparing young toturntheir people pacity development and networking. Wemust resources, research, ca Theyinto projects? need to turn their ideas ideas. But what do they need In Indonesia, a lot of young have people great inhealthfinancing. ant, especially willingness ofpublichealthpolicywillbeimport quality control.Toachieve this,awareness and to supporthealthfinancing,servicesand sectoral public policies in support of strategies lenge willbetoimplementanddevelop multi risk factorsinvolved. However, themajorchal preventionquiring sustained andcontrolofthe amajorpublicproblem, re Health isbecoming problems withhealthfinancing. in Malaysia and$90inThailand.Wehave alotof countries withsimilarincomelevels. in Indonesia compared with$149 in Indonesiacompared health percapitain2003was $33 totalexpenditureestimated on ly littleonhealthservices.The land, Indonesiaspendsrelative neighbouring Malaysia andThai with (2010) is2.6.Compared health asapercentage of GDP is lacking. Total expenditure on Health financinginIndonesia ------For empowering young people, I have three steps: young people to become leaders in the commu- building the system, stabilising and establishing nity, and building community organisations, independence. I always focus on these steps be- which provides both cultural and structural cause every programme that wants to achieve schemes. a big impact should have the power of sustainability. To build sustainability, we must build a We have been making manuals to help others sustainable organisational system and prepare replicate our project. The government has enor- resources. The hardest challenge we face is sus- mous power to accelerate the enlargement of the tainability in leadership, because this concept programme. I need support from the Health Min- needs strong capacity to maintain sustainabili- istry, the Environment Ministry, and the Minis- ty of the system. My focus is on advocation for try of Youth and Sports to allow me to replicate the project on a massive scale.

Gamal in London to receive the Sustainable Living Young Entrepreneurs Awards from Unilever and University of Cambridge.

23 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 24 Indonesia, makingupathirdofthepopulation. the development effortsoftoday. Itisvitalthat This hugecohortofyoung willinherit people they are included in making decisions about they inmakingdecisions areincluded the kindofIndonesiathey want tolive in.” “At least65millionyoung live people in UNFPA Representative inIndonesia Mr. JoseFerraris indonesian youth on the move the on youth indonesian indonesian youth on the mpve the on youth indonesian live inurbanareas( 46% RURAL 47% RURAL More youthaged15-29inIndonesia OPPORTUNITIES ANDWESTJAVA,BANTEN than inruralareas(29million). YOUTH MIGRANTSAREWESTJAVA,DKI THE TOPDESTINATIONPROVINCESFOR 54% JAKARTA ANDBANTENFORWORK AND DIYOGYAKARTAFORSTUDY. URBAN populations (24%) is higherthaninrural in urbanpopulations(28%) ofyouthThe proportion about 33million 53% URBAN ) 40 60 50 30 20 10 0 TOURBANAREASFORWORKANDSTUDY ." Source: Population Census2010, BPS-Statistics Indonesia THE MOSTLIKELYTOMOVEFROMRURAL 0 - 4 Male “YOUTH MIGRATEACROSSPROVINCES 4-9 HIGH SCHOOLGRADUATESARE 9-14 MORE THANANYOTHERAGE 15 -19 GROUP ININDONESIA. Who Lives Areas? inWho Urban 20 - 24 - 20 Female 25 -29 25 ? 30 -34 30 ? Age Group 35 -39 35 40 -44 40 ? 45 -49 45 50 - 54 50 55 -59 55 60 -64 60 65-69 69+ indonesianindonesian youthyouth onon thethe movempve

47% Who Lives in Urban Areas? RURAL 53% 60 URBAN 50

More youth aged 15-29 in Indonesia 40 live in urban areas (about 33 million) than in rural areas 29 million ( ). 30

20 The proportion of youth in urban populations (28%) 10 is higher than in rural 46% populations (24%) 54% 0 0 - 4 4-9 9-14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65-69 69+ Age Group Male Female

Source: Population Census 2010, BPS-Statistics Indonesia RURAL URBAN THE TOP DESTINATION PROVINCES FOR YOUTH MIGRANTS ARE WEST JAVA, DKI JAKARTA AND BANTEN FOR WORK OPPORTUNITIES AND WEST JAVA, BANTEN “YOUTH MIGRATE ACROSS PROVINCES AND DI YOGYAKARTA FOR STUDY. MORE THAN ANY OTHER AGE GROUP IN INDONESIA. HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES ARE THE MOST LIKELY TO MOVE FROM RURAL TO URBAN AREAS FOR WORK AND STUDY."

? ? ?

Yurdhina Meilissa Brightening the World through Innovations in Health care

Yurdhina Meilissa, 27, known to her friends as Icha, started her career as a physician. However, after realising that being a ‘regular’ doctor would not allow her to help all citizens equally, she joined Pencerah Nusantara, a social movement that aims to strengthen the primary health care system for all Indonesians.

n 2012, I joined a programme organised by in North Dampal district, Central Sulawesi. The the President’s Special Envoy on MDGs of- experience changed my life and reaffirmed that fice called Pencerah Nusantara, which calls my greatest passion is to ensure that all citizens I upon the country’s best young doctors, den- get equal access to quality health care. tists, nurses and public health officers to serve the community for one year in primary health I believe our support in bringing Pencerah Nu- care centres in various locations in Indonesia, santara to the forefront of community health especially those located in remote areas where care services has started reducing exclusion and health care is less accessible. These young health social disparities of health, by organizing ser- care professionals are assigned with re-orient- vices around people’s need and expectations in ing the primary health care system to build a our area of deployment. The interventions are nation with a better concept of health. My team not a complicated process, we simply focus on and I were placed in the Ogotua Health Centre, little things that local health workers and communities could do most effectively and in the

27 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 28 havioural modification.Now we arebeginning issues throughevidence-based research andbe policymaking andindividuals’choicesonhealth (@impetusID). Impetusaims toinfluenceboth Impetus research andpolicyassessment named initiativestarting upaseed onIndonesianhealth Also, asidefromresearchIamalsocurrently come received fromtobaccoadvertising. disease against the regional local in co-related expenditure withtobac ofinpatientsdiagnosed Ourresearchcompareshealth-care to decrease. that thiswould cause the regions’ local income disease.However,lated thereisanassumption of tobacco-re co would result in the reduction smoking. Aswe know, theprohibitionoftobac burdenof tre ontheeconomic madiyah TobaccoControlCen Public Health and the Muham John HopkinsUniversity of bythe ing researchfunded colleagues, Iamnow conduct Officer. Along with two of my (OSE-MDGs) asaProgramme Millenium Development Goals EnvoyPresident’s Special on tara, theOfficeof Ijoined After finishingmystintwithPencerah Nusan impact feltbythepublic. Nusantara was enoughtoproducesignificant ever, Ifeltthatmyoneyear ofdutyatPencerah nities afterjustoneyear ofengagement.How instrongerandmoreresilientcommu resulted andentrepreneurship, has by buildingeducation able to go beyondbeen such as the health sector, least costlyway. Thefactthatinterventions have - - - empower society. society. empower health and community day by day tomaintain work by who people only formulated be can health policies that good I believe ------between orevidence ofhealthinnovations anda nal mortality.Wewilltrytotrace correlations programmes endorsing a lower rate of mater and overlaying thatwithadditionaldatafrom over how ithaschanged data, seeing theyears, across provinces inIndonesiausingsecondary to doresearchonthematernalmortalityrate thoughts, they canbeheardbythewholeworld. guange capabilities.With a translator for their English-lan nesians withbigideas,but limited ple, suchasproviding supportforyoung Indo grassroots level. Itcanstartfromsomething sim al level can also be beneficial to the youth at the of Indonesian youth representatives at the glob be encouraged, toensurethattheparticipation living away fromthecenterofgrowth shouldalso ing youth capacity. Involvement of young people ties andhasroomforimprovements inenhanc intermsofaccessto facili still facesinequality difference.Indonesia politic andsocioeconomic the richnessofethnic,cultural, religious,gender, development should beinclusive andappreciate proven successful. forpotentialfuturescaling-up,if be analysed lower rate ofmaternalmortality.Thiswillthen versity, allprocessrelatingto youthagenda. Recognizing di ing youth inthedevelopment should supportmainstream ment ofIndonesia and UNFPA health.TheGovernspecifically care aboutdevelopment issues, ally alotofyoung who people thatthereareactu realised Through myactivities,Ihave ------The government and UNFPA also should enhance cies can only be formulated by people who work the integration of youth into official government day by day to maintain community health and delegations in a more meaningful way. The elec- empower society. tion of delegates can be done through partnership with all youth movements that have chan- Currently I am preparing to take a master’s de- nels to remote areas in Indonesia, to ensure that gree in health policy and economics. I can see all youth have the same access to learn about and myself five years from now, working closely with engage in development. the Government of Indonesia and UN agencies to support decisions about health care, informed by In regards to dreams, however, mine would be to high-quality, relevant and up-to-date synthesised see people no longer put health as a consumptive research evidence, free from conflict of interest. need, but rather as an investment, and for all cit- To achieve these targets, I have to strengthen my izens have equal access to health and health-care understanding of health at the grassroots level in facilities. This requires more doctors to be inter- Indonesia, by seeking the opportunities to study ested in public health, not only by taking on the in a country with the best health care system in rule of caregiver but also by venturing out of the the world. This will help me to understand how clinical space to engange with broader public. I they designed their health system and policies so also have a dream to see a growing number of as to minimise welfare inequality and allow me doctors who want to be aligned with policymak- to bring that knowledge home to Indonesia. ers in Indonesia. I believe that good health poli-

Yurdina serving for Pencerah Nusantara at Ogatua Health Centre, Central Sulawesi.

29 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 30 to imagineandstrive forabetterworld. Our and bigdreamsonthepartofyoung people development hardwork process.Itrequires commitment isthatwe willinvest inyou to development, butasparticipants inthe “We see youth“We see of notonlyasrecipients help you thebestyou become canbe.” UN ResidentCoordinator inIndonesia Mr. DouglasBroderick YOUthYOUth andand educationeducation

In 2010, less than 2% of youth aged 15-29 were illiterate. Papua, West Sumatra Percentage illiterate by age and sex: Indonesia, 2010 and West Nusa Tenggara 40 are the top three provinces with Rural Female a high percentage of youth 30 Rural unable to speak Bahasa Indonesia Male 20 Urban Female 10 3.7% 3.5% 3.4% 3.2% Urban 19.4 % Male West West East South 0 Sumatra Nusa Nusa Sumatra Papua Tenggara Tenggara 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64

Primary School Education net Education enrolment participation Junior ratios High rates by age 1994-2012 and sex in Indonesia, Senior 2010 High

Tertiary Education

100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 1994 2012 Male Female

The youth of today are better educated than preceding generations

31 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 32 Loveria Sekarrini A Midwife with a Mission

Loveria Sekarrini - or Love for short - lives up to her name. The 26-year-old spreads love through her work as a midwife and as a public health consultant who has represented young people in numerous gatherings of policymakers, advocates and researchers in the field of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR).

started my journey as a midwife before pur- search related to SRHR with several research in- suing higher education in the field of public stitutions. I have also become a volunteer at the health, which was followed by a number of SRHR and working on developing classes for chil- assignments to represent Indonesian youth dren who live along the Ciliwung River. I th in conferences on health, including the 47 Session of Commission on Population and De- My contribution to the field of health started with velopment (CPD). At the moment, I am working volunteering in high school as peer counsellor at in the areas of adolescent sexual and reproduc- an adolescent health centre and as an adolescent tive health and pregnancy, gender, HIV/AIDS, ambassador at the World Health Organization sexually transmitted infections (STIs), dating (WHO). I now encourage my students to con- and domestic violence, and the role of prospec- tribute by being more than just a midwife in the tive young midwives in improving community community. They also have to focus on provid- health. Besides that, I am also doing some re- ing necessary education on maternal and child health issues, conditions related to pregnancy

33 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 34 step upoureffortsinthefieldofSRHR,as well as that therearestillalotofthingswe candoto ahealthymother.Ihavealso become witnessed will grow intoahealthyyoung person,whowill continuous cycle. Whenwe nourisha child, she lives ofchildren,adolescentsandmothersina to contributetowards the My professionallows me everyone. sitive andfriendlyfor vices thataregender-sen ity to provide health ser midwives have thecapac to allindividuals.Young services thatarefriendly health informationand adequate munities need com important because This is all oftheseissuesarerelated. on -because violence, STIs,HIV, gender, humanrightsandso and labour,aswell asissuesofSRHR,domestic - - - - healthy mother. a become also will who person, healthy young a into grow will she a child, nourish we When velopment ofasustainableandcomprehensive ment andtheUNFPA shouldencourage thede the overall healthlandscape.Ibelieve thegovern health professionalsindevelopment. hten theparticipationofyoung andyoung people doctoral inPublicHealth,soIcanstreng degree I alsowishtocontinuemystudiesbytakinga ers, tobetterfocusonempowering communities. ment ofprogrammes. health, butalsofollowing upthedevelop andaccessibleinformation on adequate health programme, notonlybyproviding nurses, physiciansandpublichealthwork health professionals, from midwives to dream is to strengthen the role of young also abletoaccesshealthserviceswell. My aware oftheirhealthconditions,butare tively buildcommunitiesthatarenotonly al, myfocuswillremainthesame:toac As amidwifeandpublichealthprofession ------Loveria speaking with junior high school students about reproductive health.

35 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 36 “Besides ideas,young need people to createthingsandtakeaction.” of theRepublicIndonesia Former MinisterofHealth Dr. NafsiahMboi YOUTHYOUTH ANDAND EDUCATIONEDUCATION

Never Attended School well below 10% 40 of youth have obtained 35 Cannot Afford/

a university degree 30 Financial Reasons 25 Work / To Earn Money 20 School Far Away Less than half (48.4%) 15 of 19-29 year olds in 2010 10 Disabled had obtained a senior high 5 school certificate Other Reasons 0 male female male female 13 15 Years 7-12 Years - Indonesian students performance in the “ ’ No Longer at School 2012 PISA ranked well below student averages for Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia.” 80

60 math reading science 50

2 3 3 40

48 46 48 10

0 male female male female 7-12 Years 13-15 Years 51 58 53 “Poverty remains a strong 63 59 63 barrier to schooling”

1.0 1999 2009 “Papua, Gorontalo and West Sulawesi have the highest 0.8 proportions of youth with low levels of education” 0.6 “The probability of completing compulsory 36 47 of youth 0.4 schooling has increased " . % for all children irrespective never completed 0.2 of their economic status” primary school 0.0 ." (Poorest) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 (Richest)

Source: Suharti (2013), “Schooling and Destiny: Behind the Inequality in Education Performance in Indonesia”, PhD Thesis, the Australian National University, Table 6.27 p.203

37 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 38 Dirga Sakti Rambe Indonesia’s First Vaccinologist (and the Youngest Vaccinologist in the World)

At the age of 27, Dirga Sakti Rambe became the first vaccinologist in Indonesia. He is committed to raising awareness of the importance of immunology and vaccinology for Indonesia’s future development.

fter graduating from the Faculty There are very few universities in the world that of Medicine at the University of In- offer a program in vaccinology. After two years, I donesia, I worked in a hospital as a completed my studies and obtained my master’s A general practitioner. At the same degree. Studying vaccinology means we learn time, I assisted my professor in conducting some formally about vaccines from A to Z - not just research at teaching hospital. Then I got a schol- the medical aspects, but also the aspects of pub- arship from the University of Siena, Italy, in col- lic health, statistics, marketing and so on. I also laboration with Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics worked in a laboratory on some candidate vac- to study vaccinology, a branch of medicine that cine projects. I am grateful to be the first Indone- focuses on vaccines. There were hundreds of ap- sian to have a formal education in vaccinology. plicants from all over the world but in the end, only 13 were accepted, including me.

39 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 40 do not even have background in an educational who cles arefound. Theybypeople arecreated Google, ifyou search“vaccine”, manyfalsearti ceive the wronginformationaboutvaccines. On includingyouths,Many Indonesianpeople, re safe andcost-effective. is fatal.Ontheotherhand,vaccination isvery ample, HepatitisB may causeliver cancer, which the possibility of disease complications. For ex yourself.a littletoprotect Thisisnottomention productivity? Bygettingvaccinated, you onlypay drugs? How manydays would bewasted inlost ey would you have tospendonhospitalbillsand sick. Imagineifyou didgetsick;how much mon exposed totheHepatitisvirus,you willnotget disease ofHepatitisB.Inthefuture,ifyou are it meansyou have immunitytothe if you receive aHepatitisBvaccine, made toprevent them.Forexample, made tocurediseases,vaccines are our health.Unlikedrugs,whichare ly, vaccines areaninvestment in cines andtheimmunesystem.First youths shouldknow moreaboutvac ButIbelievepeople. Indonesian amongitsyoungdonesia, especially terest amonggeneral societyinIn students, nor a topic of in medical Immunology isnotafavourite among subject think twicetotakeit. to learnvaccinology andimmunology,Ididnot even callit“imaginary”.ButwhenIgottheoffer itisdifficult andssome doctors dislike it because nology isthebackboneofvaccinology, butmany cine thatfocusesontheimmunesystem.Immu I likestudyingimmunology,abranch ofmedi - - - - prevent them. prevent to made are vaccinesdiseases, tocure made are which drugs, health. Unlike our in investment anvaccines are ------source? source? source oftheinformation.Isauthoracredible includingvaccines,medicine, pleaseconsiderthe you readorhearanyinformation abouthealthor lieve thiskindofinformation.Mypointis,when vaccinology. Sadly,Indonesians tendtoeasilybe vaccines. My followers canask anythingabout rambe) toanswering questions about people’s myTwitteraccount(@dirga cifically, Idedicate nowadays, tospreadaccurate information.Spe which isverysocial media, accessibleforanyone awareness byusing aboutthisissue,especially In addition,Ihave trying toraise been people’s forIndonesian adults. cines recommended also getvaccinated. Currently,thereare15vac dren, whichiscompletelywrong.Adultsshould Most ofusthinkthatvaccines areonlyforchil issue:adult vaccination. dress themostneglected informationaboutvaccines.adequate Ioftenad havemajority ofpeople and notreceived correct vaccines. onmyexperience, Based Iwould say the cles for books, newspapers and magazines about abouttheimportanceofimmunisation.It people I realize I have to do moreto inform Indonesian lectures. Iregularlywritearti lectures. sities andinstitutionstogive bysomeuniveralso invited munisation. Ihave alsobeen address theimportanceofim ingeneral donesian people to societiesandIn for medical I have givinglectures been from all sides. At the moment, alone. Collaboration is needed not beachieved byoneperson is really a great task that can ------vaccines and I am always more than happy to re- and policies to raise awareness and to ensure ad- spond. More people should be well-informed and equate access to vaccines, mainly for developing more people vaccinated. Immunisation protects countries. What can be done by Indonesian young ourselves and our families. people? Many things. Read the correct information about vaccines. Educate yourself. Visit the Raising awareness and increasing vaccination doctor to get yourself vaccinated, to protect your coverage is no easy task. All stakeholders should future and to maintain your productivity. And work together. The Indonesian government has a then spread information about the importance of good national immunisation program. Our vacci- vaccination to your relatives, neighbours, class- nation coverage is quite good, yet there are many mates and so on. By doing these things, you are challenges to face. UN agencies, especially those protecting yourself and helping to achieve good represented by the World Health Organization, health for all Indonesians. have also been conducting various programmes

Dirga and his Vaccinology classmates at the University of Sienna, Italy.

41 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 42 do, they canachieve thebettermentofour “I amconfidentthatwherever Indonesia’s youth may be,inwhatever they sector are diverse from country, ensuringitisfree involved inandwhatkindofwork they Minister ofHealththeRepublicIndonesia inequality anddiscrimination.” inequality Dr. NilaF.Moeloek YOUTHYOUTH ANDAND theTHE labourlabour forceforce

Men have substantially higher rates of Youth have high unemployment rates labour force participation than women compared to older people

% 64 36% VS 14.3% VS 2.5% what industries are young men and women are working in ? more youth workers are employed in informal rather than formal jobs, and more work full time than part time

31.4 % 23.8% Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting and Fishing

Formal Informal 17.9 % 28.2% Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, Restaurants & Hotels 40% 60% 16 % 20.9% Manufacturing Industry

Full Time Part Time 12.8 % 21.6 % Community, Personal and Social Services 74 % 26%

education matters for youth seeking formal employment 100

80 Female Rural In August 2012 3 4 million 60 Male Rural , . youth were unemployed Female Urban 40 first-time job-seekers Male Urban 20

0 “There were also some 4.3 million male youth Limited or Primary Junior Senior Diploma University No School School High School High School Level I/III Degree (14% of male youth) who were effectively idle, that is, neither studying nor working” Percentages of youth in formal sector jobs by sex, urban/rural residence and level of educational attainment, Indonesia, August 2012.

43 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 44 Karina Salim From Classical Ballet to the Sundance Film Festival

While other actresses her age started their careers in supporting roles of soap operas, Karina Salim, 23, started hers as the lead role in a film about youth with disabilities. It became Indonesia’s first movie to be screened at the Sundance Film Festival.

ince I was very young, I have loved per- film was unscripted, so I had a chance to fully ex- forming arts. I started learning ballet plore my interest in acting while still following at the age of 5, which has continued directions from Joko Anwar, whom I previously S even until now, and become the foun- had worked with in the production of Onrop! dation of my performing arts career. In 2010, I Musikal, a musical drama. made a decision to learn about musical drama, so I took classes in theatrical acting, singing and After that, I got the leading role in a film called contemporary dancing. After taking roles in sev- “What They Don’t Talk About When They Talk eral musicals, I finally received an offer to appear About Love”, directed by Mouly Surya. This fea- in a feature film for the first time. ture film tells the story of two young girls with “different abilities” (disabilities), who go to a I began my career in the film industry in a short special school for children and youths with dif- movie directed by Joko Anwar, called “Durable ficulties related to sight. In the film, I became Di- Love”. Although it was a commercial movie, the ana, a 17-year-old girl with low vision – that is,

45 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 46 the world inthesameway asus.They have their withdifferentabilities see understand, people tosadnessandpity.Fromwhat I closely related ilar themeusuallyportray disability“darkly”, different pointofview.Otherfilmswithasim tells astoryaboutdisabilityfromcompletely involved it inthemakingofthisfilmbecause But most importantly, I am very proud of being Newcomer. being TheMostPromisingFemale Indonesian Movie Awards 2014for nor thatwould beawarded bythe such asTheHollywood Reporter, be praisedbyinternationalmedia thatmyactingwould imagined Ihavecritics andthemedia. never itive responsesfromtheaudience, there.Itreceived pos be screened coming thefirstIndonesianfilmto festivals States,be intheUnited Film Festival, oneofthelargestindependentfilm attheSundance to date.Thefilm was screened myproudestachievementthe filmhasalsobeen such asNicholasSaputra. However, mywork in actors I had to act side-by-side with acclaimed away. It was very because challenging, especially thingswithinupto2cm only beingabletosee - - younger audience. audience. younger toamessages convey positive to media effective most the are that films believe I personally - are beautifullymadecanbringanimpactand I think it’s the beauty of film-making. Films that abilities. withdifferent we andtreatpeople shouldsee fall inlove. Thisfilmprovides aglimpseofhow own comfortzones,they alsohave fun,andeven most ofall,values. experience knowledge, and, broader anddeeper the end,they getmorethanthey expect.Thatis, as simple“lookingforentertainment”.Butin themoviethoughts uponseeing mightonlybe messages toayounger audience,whoseinitial confident suchfilmsareabletoconvey positive Iam with theobjective teenagers. ofeducating Dinata’s seriesofshortmovies currently playing aroleinNia er audience.Forexample, Iam positive messagestoayoung most effective toconvey media sonally believe thatfilmsarethe vest inyoung film-makers. Iper businesses, andNGOscouldin ety, includingthegovernment, great ifmanypillarsinthesoci who watch it.Ibelieve itwould be deliver amessagetothepeople - - - - Karina performing ballet as part of a stage production.

47 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 48 dream alive, agreatdreamis because “Young people have“Young people learning. tokeep be obsolete tomorrow. Just keep yourbe obsoletetomorrow. Justkeep Because whatweBecause learntoday might a dreamthatiscontagious.” CEO General Electric Indonesia Mr. HandrySantiago Youth with very low levels of WORKWORK ANDAND STUDYSTUDY education have worse employment outcomes but are somewhat less likely to be unemployed

20 Total youth 15 unemployment rate

10 5 14.3% 0 Source: National Labour Force Survey Junior Senior (SAKERNAS), August 2012 Primary Diploma Limited / School UniversityDegree No School Levels I/III High School High School unemployed youth YOUTH MAKING THE TRANSITION FROM SCHOOL TO WORK male female

In a Workforce Unemployed Studying 36 5 25.2% 25.4% million million working 57.3% 35.2% YOUTH LOOKING FOR (in millions) THEIR FIRST JOBS both Not looking Age Looking 3.9% 2.8% 0.59 15-19 1.55 0.68 20-24 1.24 neither 0.51 25-29 0.60 % % 1.00 Male 2.10 13.6 36.6 0.78 Female 1.29

49 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 50 Khairani Barokka Raising Awareness of Disability through Inclusive Arts

Khairani Barokka - let’s call her Okka - is an artist. The 29-year-old is a writer, poet and inclusive arts advocate, and the first Indonesian to be involved in various endeavours, from being a resident artist at the Vermont Studio Center to performing spoken word at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.

riting has always been my fa- elsewhere, as well as teaching poetry workshops. vourite thing in the world! I’ve The show is spoken word with performance art been writing poetry in English elements, is hearing-impaired accessible. In ad- W since I was 5 years old (am dition, I’m continuing ongoing projects and con- branching out a bit into Indonesian, I’m happy to sultancies in arts and disability with partners, say!), and have also been writing fiction and non- and working on a few other writing projects. The fiction since I was small. I love storytelling and rest of 2014 will be more workshop teaching and getting lost in the act of making, and later in life writing. found performing as a viscerally resonant way of communicating. I’m interested in inclusive arts because I’m an artist with disability myself, which is something At the moment, I’m in Europe for three months, a lot of people still don’t fully comprehend, since performing my solo show “Eve and Mary Are my disability is neuromuscular and invisible - Having Coffee” at the Edinburgh Fringe and you can’t see what my body feels like.

51 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 52 tweet apicture, canyour itwith blindfriendsee -when you andartsareconsumed that media in termsofaccessiblevenues, butinevery way accessibility andinclusion ispervasive notonly ence tointernationallaws andregulations on proud tolive withdisability.Thelackofadher ofpity.Who,likeme,are own right,notobjects there withdisabilitywhoarecreatorsintheir aware out people ofthemany,manytalented in relationtocharityevents, rather thanbeing thinkofartsanddisability All toooften,people aboutwhatthegoalsare. clear-minded concerns, butit’saboutbeingconsistentand ly independent,andalsohave tojugglehealth literature. difficultsinceI’mcomplete It’sbeen best, theworld ofartand clusion in thesphereIknow for moreaccessibilityandin awareness ofthedireneed tofocusonraising decided ability rightsandjustice, moreawareI became ofdis mylifeforthebetter. shaped the world do, has absolutely andartistsaround of people Having disability,asmillions a superpower! isn’tjustanability,it’s in bed Eating with icecream in bed! week andamvery happy towork frommylaptop productive, I have to lie down for most of the However,being “able-bodied”. inordertobeso with associated women are(oftenerroneously) younging andteachingsomuch,because stant painandfatigueissuessinceI’mperform toknow Ihave aresurprised Many people con - - supposed tobe. supposed is disability with woman Indonesian an how feel like, and look should performance and writing think people flavour towhat unexpected an bringing of I'm proud - - - - - invaluable. nity locallyandworldwide forsupporthasbeen of thingstotackleisendless,butfindingcommu together withoutbarriersorprejudices?Thelist withandwithoutdisabilitytocreateart people AreIs arts education? there opportunities for out captioning?Are movie theatresaccessible? potential and creative power. with Forpeople ple, withdisability asenormousstoresof talent, young especially themillions ofpeople, peo see the day. effortto tobeaconcerted There needs proper supportsystemtohelp themgetthrough mightnothaveUnfortunately, somepeople a tem, whichiswhateveryone needs. this lineof work, butIhave agreat support sys difficult togointotheunknown andoftensoloin trial anderror!). It’sbeen definitely been very (it’s getting betteratmanagingmyhealthneeds ones thatIhave andtravelling extensively while of having keptintactrelationships withmyloved ing partofaglobalartsanddisabilitynetwork, to be. I’m proud of be with disability is supposed like, how an Indonesian woman performance shouldlookandfeel thinkwritingand to whatpeople flavourbringing anunexpected Edinburgh Fringe.I’mproudof the onlyIndonesianactat example, orthissummer,being to getcertainresidencies,for being thefirstfromallofthese munities areunderrepresented; where artists from these com disability communityinarenas donesia, women, aswell asthe I’m proud of representing In ------disability, the largest minority in the world, ty treated with respect. Not to see us as people to there is still such entrenched discrimination. It’s be pitied, or as objects of charity, but to help us to about following the Convention on the Rights of help ourselves and make our creativity a sustain- Persons with Disabilities for every institution, able source of income and community. Do away and in the arts sphere in particular, it’s about with the charity model - it’s about seeing us as ensuring equal access to arts and creativity - as agents of change and contributors to society, on both creators and appreciators - in media ma- a playing field that needs to be equal. Increase terials, schools, venues, cultural organisations, the opportunities for people of all abilities to cultural policies, infrastruc- come together and create. The ture. The information is My greatest wish possibilities are endless. easily available and easily is for all youth to At the moment, I’m focusing implementable in terms of be seen as artists what policies need changing on writing, performing and urgently; I find that it’s also whether or not that teaching with “Eve and Mary a matter of not knowing that is what one chooses Are Having Coffee” in Europe certainly policies are dis- this summer, as well as pre- criminatory, so take the time as a profession, and senting and performing at to educate your institution for artists with the International Federation and effect change, no matter for Theatre Research (a pretty how incremental. disability to be Star Wars name, huh?) World treated with respect. Congress, and have a few short This needs to be seen as not pieces coming out in publica- a niche need, but a vital and urgent issue that is tion this year. I’ve been working on a few differ- otherwise squandering human resources, and ent bigger projects at once, in performance, writ- leaving millions of people without what I see as ing and interdisciplinary art, and I am looking a human right: the opportunity to unleash cre- forward to seeing where they go! Also, the plan ativity, and for us to contribute and speak up for is to start a PhD in arts practise next year, after ourselves. There needs to be more consultation a few years of doing independent research/tin- of local disability organisations and representa- kering! I am seeing a PhD as an extended think- tives in creating new policies, and the eradica- ing-and-creating recidency. I hope to be able to tion of stigma. In Indonesia, so often people with help create actual change in the arts and disabili- disabilities have families who hide people away ty field, slowly but surely, with my peers, and also or think they can’t achieve - when in fact the op- to expand my personal practice and make time posite is true. for solo work. It can all seem like a tall order, but it’s certainly worth it! My greatest wish is for all youth to be seen as artists, whether or not that is what one chooses as a profession. I also wish to see artists with disabili-

53 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 54 “Young people shouldbeencouraged togo “Young people on learning,readingandthinkingsothat we candevelop agreatnation.” President oftheRepublicIndonesia Former Special AdvisorFormer Special to the Mr. EmilSalim of young people are now connected to the internet, for the rest, YOUTHYOUTH ANDAND ictict digital inequalities present a unique 52.3% challenge for achieving equity in education and information.

YOUTH IN HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS by educational attainment TO A MOBILE PHONE OR THE INTERNET 100%

80% by sex 54.5% 50.2% 60%

40% male female

20%

by 0% residence 64.3% 37.4% no junior senior primary high high academic university urban rural education / diploma

Source : Indonesia National Socioeconomic Survey 2010 (SUSENAS) Time spent online by Internet Mobile Internet penetration Time spent online by mobile users each day via a desktop or as a percentage of Internet users each day via a laptop computer total population mobile phone Indonesia Data Snapshot Internet Urban Rural Indicators 5H 14% 2H Total Population 27M 30M 251,160,124 51% 49% Smartphone Smartphone users Smartphone users Smartphone penetration as a searching for local researching users who have percentage of the information via products via made a purchase Internet Users Internet Penetration total population their phone their phone via their phone 15% 38,191,873 Smartphone Usage 14% 94% 95% 57% Active Facebook Users Facebook Penetration 25% 62,000,000 Social media penetration Average time spent on Percentage of mobile Percentage of mobile as a percentage of the social media each day users using social media users using location total population by social media users apps on their phone based services Active Mobile Subscriptions Mobile Penetration 281,963,665 112% Social Indicators 15% 2H 74% 32% 54M

55 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 56 Pangeran Siahaan Encouraging Youth to be Involved in Media

Pangeran Siahaan, 29, is the kind of person who has so many kinds of jobs you would not know how to label him. However, he has always been closely associated with football and politics, and that’s just the way he likes it.

riting has always been my covering Indonesian football. I also blogged for thing. Like many aspiring writ- various online media such as the Jakarta Globe, ers from the digital generation, BeritaSatu and Waspada. W I started publishing on my personal blog when I was 15. Then I was recruited by Nowadays, I run Bolatotal.com, a football mag- one of the most prominent male magazines in In- azine website where I serve as the CEO. At the donesia as a reporter in 2009, when I hadn’t even same time, I write a football column for Detik. finished university. com, the biggest news portal in Indonesia, and I’m also one of the pundits in ESPN FC Indonesia, A few months later, I joined Super Soccer, a foot- a football talkshow, and a commentator for beIN ball website, before I worked as a sports corre- Sports Indonesia. spondent for Press Association for two years,

57 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 58 and TV.Forinstance,IthinkI’mtheonlyperson more conventional platform,suchasprintmedia waves onadigitalplatformbefore moving toa I’m partofthe generation making that started ticipate inthe2014election. toencouragewhich aimed young topar people in theAyo Voteinitiative, got involved asanofficer years onnationalTV.Ialso foroneandahalf aired Pragiwaksono. The show withPandji I co-created and politicalTVshow that tive Proactive, asatirical by developing Provoca interest inpoliticalissues topursuemy ago, Istarted andpolitics.Afewyears inmedia ly interested “thefootballguy”,been Iamactuallymorevast Contrary thepopularbeliefthatIhave always - anybody can do it. do can anybody then it, do ican If content. own their produce creative and more tobe people encourages doing what i'mI believe - - published my own book, “The Big Pang Theory”. I myown book,“TheBigPangTheory”. published ter starting out as a blogger online. I’ve recently to datehostafootballshow onnationalTVaf a talentscoutingprocess. join theirorganisations.Itcouldbesomesortof outlets couldtakenoteandpickthebestonesto media hibit their skills, from which established piring writersandjournaliststogatherex it would begreatiftherewas aplatformforas do it,thenanybodycanit. produce theirown content.IfIcan tobemorecreativees people and believe whatI’mdoingencourag Jurassic world outthere.Ithink break intotheindustry.It’sanold piring writersandjournaliststo still quitedifficultfor young as it’s the internetandsocialmedia, However, even withtheriseof - - - - - Pangeran speaking about ‘New Media and Technology: Youth Activism 2.0’ at Youthnesian 2014, held by UNFPA Indonesia and the Ford Foundation in Jakarta.

59 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 60 idealism. Makeyour lifemeaningful,find something tocontributeto.Youhave an amazing power toempower yourself!” “Don’t beayoung personwholacks Former ViceMinisterofForeign Affairs of theRepublicIndonesia Dino PattiDjalal YOUTHYOUTH ANDAND FAMILYFAMILY

Youth Still Living with Their Parents Unmarried Youth male AGE female male AGE female 80% 15-19 72% 93.9% 15-19 85.6% 60% 20-24 43% 69.1% 20-24 41.2% 37% 25-29 23% 34.9% 25-29 14.8%

Female youth leave the parental Most male youth remain single until their mid-to-late home earlier than male youth twenties but female youth marry younger

What's the Ideal Age for Marriage Percentage of Women Who Have Ever Married (By Age) According to Unmarried Youth? 100 30 1971 80 25 1980 60 20 2002/3 1990 40 15 2007 2000 10 20 2012 2010 5 0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 0 INDONESIAN YOUTH ARE DELAYING Female-Ideal Male-Ideal Female-Ideal Male-Ideal for a Woman for a Woman for a Man for a Man MARRIAGE TO OLDER AGES The trend to marry at older ages can be expected to continue Marriage Age by Education & Residence

27 Urban Male 25 Rural Having a higher education Male decreases the gender 23 Urban difference in marriage ages 21 Female Rural Among young women, those living in rural areas and 19 Female Primary Junior Senior Tertiary those with lower levels of education are experiencing School High High Education relatively faster transitions to leaving the parental Better educated and urban youth home, to marriage, and to parenthood tend to marry at older ages

61 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 62 Septinus George Saa Bringing the George Saa Formula from Eastern Indonesia to the World

Before he even started university, Septinus George Saa (known as Oge for short) came up with a physics formula that brought him to the attention of the world. The Manokwari-born 27-year-old’s own formula for life is just to be himself.

won the First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics in tries that crossed into the judges’ table, and the 2004 after completing research on “Infinite 17-year-old me, that day, won the gold medal. Trigonal and Hexagonal Lattice Networks Iof Identical Resistors”, which was selected After winning the competition, I later went to based on the originality and difficulty of the topic. university in 2005 to learn more about rocket sci- The research was about finding a method of prob- ence and air vehicles, such as aircraft and space- lem-solving that calculated equivalent resistance craft, by taking a major in Aerospace Engineering between two nodes of a hexagonal and trigonal at the Florida Institute of Technology in the Unit- network of identical resistors. The mathemati- ed States. The university was adjacent to the Ken- cal method involved the use of Fourier series to nedy Space Center and the shuttle launch zone of solve the equations and ended up with singular the National Aeronautics and Space Administra- form of equation. The discovery of the formula tion (NASA). I graduated four years later. outperformed hundreds of papers from 73 coun-

63 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 64 from now toinvent andfurtherdevelop existing eration, themore abletheyinyears willbecome more sciencewe introduceandteachtothisgen nology isthepractical applicationofscience.The developers.nology users,nottechnology Tech However, themajorityofIndonesiansaretech of itsconcepts. for metograsp the meaning and didnottakemuchtime thing thateasilymadesense itwasscience because some science. Iwas in interested orapplied such asengineering to pursueanyrelevant topic which inturnwillhelpyou on physicallyintheworld, the mostcriticalunderstandingofwhatisgoing If youand other aspects. learn science, you have nation ofthedailymotions,energy,work, power cause itprovides themostfundamentalexpla be inscienceandtechnology I aminterested - I was interested me tograsp. me for time take much not did and sense that easily made was it something because science in - - - - - be abletoinvent anythingnew.Inmyopinion, we we ignorethis aspect, may oneday nolonger Science isthebackboneofourhumanity,andif sets. ThisisthesamealsoinEasternIndonesia. ourcountry’sas thatwillbecome technology up toyou astheirsourceofmotivation. yourself. Buildyourself andmakeeveryone look from young So,beyourself. people. Reinvent in-depthinvolvementing road,whichneeds todeveloptechnology acountryislong, wind out ofenergysources.Iwitness this iscritical,sincewe’re running The pathtoutilisingscienceand blowers, motorsandsoon). bines, compressors,pumps,fans, tion oflargerotarymachines(tur in Papuatosupervisetheopera inBPBerauequipment Ltd,posted forrotating engineer mechanical this every day whenIwork asa - - - - Oge at his graduation from the Florida Institute of Technology, United States.

65 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 66 “Have abigdream,andshoutwork loudlyonit. Be aleader!Iamreadytobeyour follower.” Head ofREDD+Indonesia Mr. HeruPrasetyo YOUTHYOUTH ANDAND FAMILYFAMILY

Census-based ‘Age-Speciﬁc Fertility Rates’ (ASFRs) Ideal Number of Children Indonesia, 1971- 2010 300 as reported by unmarried 15-24 year olds 3.0 250

200 1971 1980 2.5 150 1990 100 2000 2.0 Births per women 1000 50 2010 2002/3 2007 2012 0 Females aged 15-19 Females aged 20-24 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 Males aged 15-19 Males aged 20-24 Age Group (years) FERTILITY RATES FOR YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH SAY THE IDEAL NUMBER OF HAVE DROPPED OVER TIME, AND CHILDREN IS BETWEEN TWO AND THREE PLATEAUED IN THE PAST DECADE

SDKI-based ‘Age-Speciﬁc Fertility Rates’ (ASFRs) Indonesia, 1991- 2012 IN 2010, 175 MORE THAN HALF (54%) FACT! of all rural women aged 20-24 150 had ever given birth. The corresponding percentage 125 among all urban women was 32%

100 of low-income teens aged 15-19 16.7% had begun childbearing 75

50 of teens aged 19 had 24.1% begun childbearing 25 1991 1994 1997 2002/3 2007 2012 of 15-19 year old females who did not commence high school 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 29.2% had begun childbearing

67 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 68 Alfi Irfan Building the Nation, One Village at a Time

Alfi Irfan, 22, has a dream to develop rural areas by solving problems affecting villages, such as lack of electricity and infrastructure, poverty, hunger, and other issues related to economic inequality. He is doing so through his social venture, AgriSocio.

have just established a social enterprise its population living as villagers. Realising the named AgriSocio that works to develop importance of villages in our country, the gov- various kinds of entrepreneurship in vil- ernment has enacted various policies to improve I lages, backed by distinctive branding. The villagers’ standard of living. Failing to achieve entrepreneurs are separated into the categories this would mean that villagers would continue to of sociopreneurs, edupreneurs, technopreneurs, migrate to major cities, looking for better oppor- entrepreneurs and ecopreneurs. It is hoped that tunities. these categories can help to focus the efforts of young social entrepreneurs, especially in the ag- Several policies have been formulated to im- ricultural sector. prove rural farmers’ standard of living. Many of them haven’t worked. At AgriSocio, we believe The Republic of Indonesia is comprised of more the main reasons of previous failures are the in- than 74,000 villages. With a developing econo- efficiency and unsustainability of government my, Indonesia still has a significant portion of programs. Rigid, top-down mechanisms lack the

69 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 70 they can see a bright career future inagriculture. they a brightcareer cansee of thisistochange theirperspectives, sothat orientation, particularlyin agriculture.Thegoal activitieswithasocial to participateineconomic others fromtheyounger generation invillages programmeteering that invites studentsand Edupreneurship of entrepreneurship.Theseare: We have programmes established forfive types by formingAgriSocio. neurship, andwhatwe have torealise attempted arethecorephilosophiesofsocio-entrepre pects as friendly andsociallyacceptable.Thesethree incentives,carry economic isenvironmentally ability willonlymaterializeifthesolutioncan enough inordertomakeitworthwhile. Sustain We have tomakesurethesolutionissustainable ment within rural populationsis a solidsolution. problems. Webelieve providing employ decent a responsive mannertosolve dailyoperational socio-entrepreneurship,with ing village-based We atAgriSociocameupwiththeideaoforganiz manner. outinamoreflexibleried andaccommodating programmes targetingrural farmerswere car believe thesituationcouldbeimproved ifthe packages, includingsubsidiesandtraining. We government providing stopped agricultural aid pok UsahaTani),whichlostmomentumafterthe the caseofFarmers’BusinessGroup(Kelom lack ofincentives forvillagers,example, in occurs. Someprogrammesofa alsofailbecause developmenticy changeswhenanunpredicted smallbutimportantpol ic processestorequest often have to go come upwithinarural environment.Villagers flexibility whenunorthodoxcases much-needed through complicated democratthrough complicated : Wehave avolun established ------spiced beveragesspiced candy. orspiced tomakederivativecan beused productssuchas er products.Forexample, waste fromsomecrops high-quality commoditiesusingwaste fromoth biodynamic agriculture,whichinvolves creating Ecopreneurship forward inthefuture.So,we thereisa cansee that willbringIndonesia culture isamajor sector thatagri other hand,many institutionspredict profitsandtheplanet.On focus onpeople, development,to “3P” economic that is, witha 1. Businessestoday arestartingtopay attention tural sector: intheagricul social entrepreneurs, especially young shouldbeproudtobecome people I also want to give two perspectives here on why environmental sustainability. and growth, socialequity also boostseconomic social gapbetweenthepoorandrich, the increasing household income.This decreases and women inourprogrammes withtheaimof Sociopreneurship lagers. team, 15%tothescholarshipand35%vil of AgriSocioasagreatermovement, 15%tothe opment byallocating35%tothedevelopment concepts ofprofitablebusinessandsocialdevel concept ofsocialdevelopment. Wecombinethe entrepreneurship musttakeintoaccountthe Business Entrepreneurship website. dedicated advertised ora andsoldonlineviasocialmedia goodscanbe high-quality, machine-processed but alsoformarketingandsales.Forexample, not onlyasameansofproductioninagriculture, Technopreneurship : Wehave organicand supported : We have farmers included : We have technology used : Forus,business - - - - - gap between potential and reality. But in doing I dream of becoming a social entrepreneur in a this now, we’ll be the agents of change. We will be world that gives a major contribution to sustain- doing something now that’ll become something able agriculture. I hope to grow AgriSocio to be great in the future. better and to have a greater impact on society in poverty reduction, sustainable trade, empow- 2. Trends of human culture show that we are erment of women, youth, food security, health, now really paying attention to Economic 3P de- education and the environment; unleashing the velopment (People, Profit, Planet). This means a potential of Indonesia. These are the dreams that focus not only on economic growth by GDP, but make me happy to wake up every morning and also equity of income distribution and sustain- do this with spirit. ability, such as via eco-friendly products. This is what we do as young social entrepreneurs. We do AgriSocio as well as our other initiatives are still business with a focus on social progress. I think growing, and need tremendous supports from this is a great job for great people, not only being other stakeholders in society. One thing that useful for themselves but also for others. matters now is market access of AgriSocio products. We want to scale up our impact and involve To make this happen, I need to keep myself busy more villages in our programmes, empowering and encourage the communities to join pro- more farmers, housewives, students and oth- grammes and scale up impacts. ers. It would be very useful if UNFPA and other stakeholders could facilitate market access for Of course, working on a venture like this while our products. We could also exchange products, also trying to reach my own personal goals, such information and mutual visions. This would in- as finishing my studies, has its trade-offs. Some- crease the efficiency and effectiveness of all times you have to use your holiday time to work youth development programmes. while other people hang out. You need to take risks, work harder and smarter to reach your vi- At the moment, AgriSocio is conducting a pro- sion. One thing that matters is the value of time. I gramme to accelerate the development of 17 vil- always keep every target and appointment on my lages around the campus of the Bogor Agricultur- to-do list. I list my activities by priority of urgen- al Institute (IPB). AgriSocio will continue to strive cy, impact and difficulty. I improve hard skills towards its mission of becoming a social enter- by being active in class and joining research prise at the global level and make, a major con- lectures, soft skills through organizations and tribution to sustainable agriculture for a better committees, and life skills through empowering world. Inspiring the world starts by taking small villages and social activities. There is no one who steps, such as developing 17 villages near IPB, ex- has less or more than 24 hours in a day. Some panding to the Bogor municipal level, expanding people make decisions that influence millions. to West Java, recruiting as many villages as pos- Others cannot even take care of themselves. It’s sible in Indonesia, and rising to other countries. not your fault if you are born poor and have noth- We also will expand our market, establish more ing, but it’s your fault if you die poor and can’t factories for production and processing, and in- give any positive contributions to the universe. crease productivity via technology.

71 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 72 “Youth arecrucialagentsofchange; be asourceofinspiration.” Ford FoundationRepresentative Mr. DavidHulse YOUTHYOUTH ANDAND healthhealth

80 Every year in Indonesia 1 7 million women . 60 under the age of 24 give birth, including nearly half a million teenagers 40

0 2007 2012 47% of women aged 10-24 have married and given birth The adolescent age-specific fertility rate has increased from 39.2 births per 1,000 in 2007 to 48 births per 1,000 in 2012

7% 14% 25% report using Young Young contraceptives at Females Males 16% first sex act reported being engaged in sexual activity with their partner

of young people Up to 30 of Indonesia s maternal % ’ % know how to prevent mortality rate may be due to 20 sexual transmission unsafe abortion attempts by of unmarried young people HIV

40% of new confirmed cases of HIV/AIDS are in people aged between 20 and 29 years

Source : Dr. Iwu Dwisetyani Utomo & Dr. Ariane Utomo, Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute, Australian National University, Adolescent Pregnancy in Indonesia: A Literature Review, 2013 2010 Greater Jakarta Transition to Adulthood Survey by Australian National University Population Census, 2010, BPS-Statistics Indonesia Indonesian National AIDS Strategy 2010 – 2014, Indonesian National AIDS Commission ICPD beyond 2014 paper on youth 73 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 74 Gracia Paramitha Aspiring to Become Indonesia’s First Young Female Environmental Professor

Gracia Paramitha, 24, has been closely linked to environmental issues since she was very young. As she grows older, she has fallen in love with the issue and decided to focus her endeavours on solving problems related to the environment and climate change.

t was a life-changing experience for me the Global Youth Advisor, I am still involved in to be appointed Global Youth Advisor for UNEP-TUNZA as a mentor, and am planning to the Asia-Pacific region 2011-2013 by UN- help build a stronger strategy for the programme I EP-TUNZA, the children’s and youth unit beyond 2015. The TUNZA programme is interest- of the United Nations Environment Programme. ing way to encourage and empower children and The experience has helped me to learn more youth around the world to care about the envi- about global environmental governance, com- ronment based on the UNEP framework. It boost- municate more with young people all over the ed my passion to encourage Indonesian environ- world on environmental issues, and share with mental groups or communities to collaborate Indonesian youth so that they can contribute globally. more actively on UN activities. It had been my dream to join UNEP-TUNZA since 2002, and that Because of this experience, I have grown fonder dream came true. Even though I am no longer of environmental issues and climate change. I have tried to do my best to foster youth leader-

75 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 76 sustainable environment. about theimportanceofadvanced networks for I amplanningtogoTaiwan tolearnnewthings plex problemofclimatechange.InAugust 2014, operation tosolve isvery thecom much needed by theendofthisyear. Ibelieve thatglobal co environment, whichhopefullywillbelaunched writing a bookon International relations and the Relations attheUniversity ofIndonesia. Weare searchers fromtheDepartmentofInternational andyoung togetherwithlecturers project, re is whyIamalsocurrentlyinvolved inabook support of academic and scientific circles. That theattention and mental issuesalsorequire alone.Environ roots projects achieved byconductinggrass ronmental issuescannotbe I realisethatsolvingenvi months. ing, as well as mentorship for 6 plans and gave fund them seed we bestbusiness chosethe three camp. At the end of the camp, youths inthe lected participated Botanical Gardens,where30se held in May 2014 at the Cibodas cal values. was Thepilotproject consistentwithlo cal societiesandeconomies, and deliver concreteimpactsforimproving lo ute tosolvingglobalenvironmentalproblems gain profitfrombusiness,butalsotocontrib teach potentialyoung entrepreneurstonotonly (www.yepcamp.org). AtYEP Camp,we to aimed YouthEcoPreneurship (YEP) called project Camp example, thisyear a myfriendsandImanaged ship inthisfieldthroughseveral initiatives. For - - - - - leaders. great tobecome youth special-treatment and disabled homeless, underprivileged, empowers and encourages, nurtures, thata foundation tobuild planning I am ------privileged, homeless, disabled andspecial-treat homeless,disabled privileged, nurtures, encourages, andempowers under years, Iamplanningtobuildafoundationthat more leaders.Thisismydream!Inthenext five inspiring leaderswhohadsuccessfullycreated was themostremarkablevalue. ThenImetsome In thepast,Ithoughtachieving personalgoals ple’s lives. ant modalitythatwillmake abigchangeinpeo stand forglobalaction.This isthemostimport and localvalues, young willbereadyto people communication, tightercollaboration andsocial this isthestartingpoint. By buildingstronger helpingeachother.Qualitativelykeep speaking, work harder andencourage allstakeholdersto These contradicting realitiesmotivate meto by UNEP. bytheUN,including oracknowledged credited However, noneofthemhave ac officiallybeen who areaware ofenvironmental orsocialissues. ers. Practically speaking,Iwould liketoprovide ment childrenandyouth greatlead tobecome there arealotofyoung people and quantitative. Innumbers, on two sides: qualitativebased ers theimpactofanactivity a personwhoalways consid impact isprettyrelative. Iam I understandthatmeasuring or socialbusiness. as training in ecopreneurship themwithlifeskillssuch equip vironmental awareness, and and healthcare,buildtheiren them withaccesstoeducation ------I believe that we are living in neverending collab- In the short term, I am planning to pursue my oration. As a social creature, each person needs PhD on Global Sustainability and Politics in the help, working hand in hand to build a better and United Kingdom in 2015. This is my first step more peaceful world. Indonesia’s democracy is to become the first young female professor on consolidating and I am optimistic about the new global environmental issues in Indonesia in the presidency. For better youth development on en- future. This higher education will only be worth- vironmental issues, we need a multi-stakeholder wile if I also develop environmental education, partnership approach. The Government of Indo- and hopefully enrich Indonesia’s national assets nesia (especially the Ministry of Environment), by inspiring others to become sustainable envi- UNFPA and other international organizations ronmental heroes and leaders. and environmental communities and groups should engage young people at every level of The next big thing is creating, building and em- the decision-making process (planning, imple- powering thousands of young people with great menting and evaluating). There should be one leadership skills competitiveness, integrity and system of communication that connects all of a commitment to sustainability in order to make these stakeholders. This is the appropriate way to global changes. create great and sustainable young leaders, especially in the field of environmental issues.

Gracia speaking to participants of the Youth Ecopreneurship Camp in Bogor, West Java.

77 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 78 Yoga Dirga Cahya Enhancing the Lives of Indonesian Workers Overseas through Politics

Being educated and employed overseas did not stop Yoga Dirga Cahya, 28, from positively contributing to the betterment of the country he grew up in: Indonesia. On the contrary, Yoga found ways to support the nation from afar by protecting the rights of the Indonesian diaspora and eventually running to become a Member of Parliament.

t all began some years ago when I studied as chairman of the Indonesian Communities’ Fo- Biology at Nanyang Technological Univer- rum. During my time in Singapore, I saw many sity in Singapore with a tuition grant from Indonesian migrant workers treated unfairly by I the Singapore government. After graduat- their agents, employers by Indonesian officials ing, I served my bond to the Singapore govern- back home. Many of them complained to me that ment in the National Environment Agency (NEA) they were even being extorted in Indonesian air- under the Ministry of Environment and Water ports as they returned home. But when I relayed Resources for four and a half years. Although I their plights to the Indonesian Member of Par- served Singapore’s public, I was very much in- liament (MP) visiting Singapore, it fell onto deaf volved in the Indonesian community here, such ears. Since then I have been convinced that if I as a member of the Indonesian Students’ Asso- can’t ask for my MPs’ help, I may as well run as ciation in Singapore (PPIS), as president of the of an MP, to represent Indonesians living overseas. Indonesian Professionals’ Association (IPA) and When Hatta Rajasa visited Singapore as Coordi-

79 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 80 workers’ aspirations overseas byreviewing the and empowerI hopetofulfill,protect, migrant Through thefoundation,together withmyteam, Synergy ofAdvocates forInternationalWorkers). Advokasi untukPekerja Internasional/People’s Sigmantara called (SinergiMasyarakattablished alising thisambitionthroughafoundationIes as an MP in the 2014 term, I am re not elected Since Iwasprogrammes anMP-elect. ifIbecame the epicentreofmyvision,mission,andproposed for therightsofmigrant workers -whichbecame of theIndonesiandiaspora, tofight Ifeltobliged As for my own programmes, as a representative faith. people’s of doing politics, and restore of the right way people educate Clean Campaign”)movement to the #KampanyePutih (“White/ most idealism.Wetheninitiated which we could runwiththeut ideal way to run acampaigning, most ofusbrainstormedforthe political campaignbeforeso MP. Noneofmycampaign team hadexperienced meinrunningtobecome team whosupported very challenging experience for me as well as my with theNationalMandateParty(PAN). Itwas a hometorunasanMP In 2013,Ifinallyreturned mylife. changed ing IndonesianDiaspora. Acceptingtheoffer anMPrepresent I was inbecoming interested if nating MinistryofEconomicAffairs,heasked - political system.political the through it havethey todo lives, their in changes bring tothat order in aware are Youth - - - As ayoung politician,Ibelieve itisvery import or totheirplacementassignmentoverseas. workers. We will also train migrant workers pri 24-hour hotlinetoensurethesafetyofmigrant channeland ers andbyestablishingafeedback laws tomigrant andregulationsrelated work between them. promises totheyouths sothattrustwillbebuilt engagement events. They mustalsodeliver their el andinvolve theyouths morewithinteresting right. Partiesmustgodown tothegrassroots lev be anMPwilljointhepoliticalparty.Thisisnot in gettingtheirvotes andonlythosewhowant to litical partiesisthatareonlyinterested Currently, theperceptionofyouths towards po impacttheirlives.how politicscandirectly adult willwant withacertainpo tobeassociated democratically developed countries, every young ant for youths in politics. In to be interested stand politicalsystem,itsbenefitsand vote every five years, buttounder politics, notonlyenticetheyouths to young tobe moreinvolved people in The government mustencourage to doitthroughthepoliticalsystem. bring changes in their lives, they have causes. They are aware thatinorderto ant tofightfortheirbeliefs,faithand litical ideal.Forthem,thisisimport ------Yoga speaking at an event to promote the rights of Indonesian migrant workers abroad.

81 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 82 Habibie Afsyah Fighting for a Fully Inclusive Indonesia

Habibie Afsyah, 26, might spend most of his time in a wheelchair, but that does not stop him from positively contributing towards the betterment of Indonesia through his activities. He is actively involved in the Indonesia Disabled Care Community, which fights for the rights of Indonesians with disabilities, and for more inclusive communities in Indonesia.

am actively involved in the Indonesia Dis- that disability is a burden, and that the disabled abled Care Community (IDCC), which is an do not have a chance to have a bright future. inclusive community that cares about is- That kind of judgement has limited our space to I sues related to disability and promotes the learn and create things. For that reason, along importance of supporting synergies and collab- with IDCC, I keep on trying to “revise” this wrong orations between the disabled and the able-bod- perception of disability, and of people with dis- ied. IDCC was founded in December 2011, on the ability, that has been instilled in the minds of the International Day of Disability, and operates by people for years, with a special focus on chang- the motto of “Aware, Care, Share”. ing the mindset of the younger generation. We are tapping into this generation so that hopeful- The community was set up to address the fact ly, perhaps in five to 10 years when they become that there is still a lot of negative stigma in so- the leaders of the country, they would be able to ciety towards disability. A lot of people believe have the “correct” perception towards disability.

83 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 84 nesia will become aninclusivenesia willbecome country,where I amdoingthiswiththesolehopethatIndo younger audience. aneven tomeet goes tohighschools”project, tobuildontheideabyorganisingan“IDCCed successful, thisyear we decid theinitiativeBecause was quite op strategies toraise awareness. surrounding disabilityanddevel universities todiscusstheissues representatives from different ta lastyear, wherewe gathered ity Awareness (NCDA) inJakar National ConferenceonDisabil todisability.Wealsoheldtheed deliver informationonissuesrelat adequate We have visiting cities and campuses to been - - - - the disabled disabled the nation where a of I dream able-bodied. as easily as the have activities and work can - - together, sidebyside,towards thedevelop canwork andthedisabled both theable-bodied through mywork. the messagethatIhave tryingtoconvey been accessible by people withdifferentaccessible bypeople Foreverythingthe able-bodied. tobe work andhave activitiesaseasily canof anationwherethedisabled ment ofthisarchipelago.Idream it humanstocreatethings.Thisis After all, disability should not lim and health. tion, employment, transportation kinds ofabilities,includingeduca - - - Habibie with his family.

85 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 86 Aria & Intan Heading to the East, One Story at a Time

Partners in life and in advocacy, Aria Angga Dwipa, 30, and Intan Anggita, 28, in 2012 started up a website called menujutimur.com. The name means ‘Heading to the East’, which is what Aria and Intan were doing when they found their calling. This is their journey.

n the early 2010s, we started taking trips to ern Indonesia, from a humanist — and not an a number of areas in Eastern Indonesia. On exotic — perspective. We chose to develop a kind one of those first trips, we stumbled upon a of digital campaign for easy access and fast re- I sincere smile from the locals, which magi- sponse. We established the Pecinta Timur In- cally made us want to go back to Eastern Indone- donesia (Eastern Indonesia Lovers) community sia again and again. However, after several trips on Google+ as a way to aid people in the region, to the region, we realised that even this kind of and spread stories of inspiring people on Twitter paradise has problems, including how a lot of and Instagram. We also developed the website outsiders have exploited residents and the land menujutimur.com to become the media hub of they own to get the region’s wealth of natural re- all our campaigns and activities. We integrated sources, which has resulted in severe damage in the online initiative with the offline movements. areas across Eastern Indonesia. Through the website, people can choose which projects to support. We wanted to highlight the other side of East-

87 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 88 vironmental activistfromLabuanBajo,Flores. Waste ManagementconferencewithPapaJo,en pay forourtriptoJapanaMarineLitterand Ministry ofMaritimeAffairsandFisherieshelped collaborate withusagain,justlikewhen–the Eastern Indonesia.Maybe thegovernment can andmaking comic books for children on projects have alsothoughtaboutmanymoreempowering of moreinspiringactivities.Asidefromthat,we ate incomeforthesustainability merchandise, so they can gener tourist attraction sitestoproduce We plantotrainat localpeople and itspeople. thebeautyofarea appreciate ing themtovisittheregionand Indonesia, byperhapsfirstbring humanitarian issuesinEastern more young to care about people a numberofstrategic planstoencourage even and information. That iswhy we have developed phone signalisweak), transportation, education of accesstocommunication(Internetandmobile think thatoneoftherootcausesthisislack from theyoung ofIndonesiaasawhole.We people inEasternIndonesia cient supportforthepeople From ourperspective, suffi therehasnotbeen - - Eastern Indonesia. Eastern tosupport like would they if do could Indonesian youths thatof things alot are there that believe we - - vintage denimwithtraditionally woven fabrics crowdfunding combining andbysellingpieces Moreover, we alsowork toraise money through from EasternIndonesia. lifeand achievementshis project, as anactivist We madeashortdocumentarymovie abouthim, rial emerald. even greaterimpacttothismesmerisingequato just likewhatwe did.Thatway, we couldbringan own way ofcontributing, choosewhatyou like– orthroughothermeans.Choose yourour project support EasternIndonesia,may itbe through donesian youths coulddoifthey would liketo We believe thattherearealotofthingsIn ( ikat ) fromEasternIndonesia.Ourfashionline— funding. that way, you have countribute from theEast’sproductsbecause tives, you couldsimplybuy Sight would liketosupportourinitia Therefore,ifyouother projects. cess. Thesidebusinessfundsour ter andInstagram togreatsuc online marketingthroughTwit SightfromtheEast—uses called - - - - - Intan and Aria at work in Eastern Indonesia as part of the Menuju Timur initiative.

89 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 90 Daniel Oscar Baskoro Utilising the Power of Technology and Young People to Save the World

Hailing from the volcanically active and earthquake-prone region of Yogyakarta, Daniel Oscar Baskoro, 21, helped create an award-winning application for disaster mitigation using Google Glass. He believes that technology is the key to solving both ordinary and extraordinary problems.

y name is Daniel Oscar Baskoro developed for the Google Glass wearable comput- and I am a 21-year-old student ing device. The application was named the Global at Gadjah Mada University ma- Winner of the World Bank “Code for Resilience” M joring in Computer Science. I competition in London. I have also collaborated was born and raised in the friendly town of Yo- on digital technology research projects in coun- gyakarta, but I decided not to stop there. As a tries such as Singapore, the United States, Hong student, I do research in developing technology Kong, South Korea and the United Kingdom. to be implemented for disaster, health and economics purposes in developing countries. With Beside actively doing research, I always try to en- my research team, I have invented several inno- gage in social work in order to empower people to vations in technology for health. The most recent use technology as a solution to answer everyday innovation was a disaster mitigation application problems, Once I served as a supervisor for digi-

91 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 92 innovations andleadershipworldwide, themost other competitions inphotography, research, has motivated metocontinuewinning several place, anditwas This myfirstacknowledgement. have won thiscompetition,butIdidwinthe first to go to school. I had never that I would expected children by street be some sort of guide to be used mywebsitewhere Idesigned inaway thatcould in poverty. Ihadathemeof“Let’sGotoSchool”, website designed withphotosofchildrenliving and outstanding web designs.Minewas asimply profiles withbeautifulphotosoftheirschools their school cation. Otherparticipantsuploaded by the Ministry of Edu competition organised school. Therewas website aneducational design I gotwhenwas inthelastyear ofjunior high I vividlyrememberthefirstacknowledgement lower status,throughmyinventions. economic thosewith happiness, especially help othersandcontributetotheir What matterstomeisthatIcan ready doingthethingsIlikedoing. cus. ItisjustabonuswhenIamal Getting awards andhonoursisnotmymainfo versity outofaround40,000active students. one ofthe10beststudentsatGadjahMadaUni leave mystudiesbehind.In 2014, Iwas chosen as activities outsideofacademiahaven’t mademe providerby telecommunications XL Axiata. My metobeingchosenasanXLled FutureLeader nic eruptioninNorthSumatra. Thatexperience tal disaster mapping during the Sinabung volca - times of disaster. of times in difference a huge makes Technology - - - - technology isthekeytechnology towards thedevelopment Ipersonallybelieve because of technology that increatingthingswithinthearea I aminterested Kingdom. the United beingtheGoogleGlasschallengeIwon in recent cutting-edge technologies that could change the thatcouldchange the technologies cutting-edge ing thepower Byintroducing new, oftechnology. can trytotapintotheasset ofyoung us people rating tocreategreatthingsforoursocieties. We the cultureofinnovating, inventing andcollabo us whohave fromayoung introduced been ageto thoseof that a country could possess,especially Youths aresomeofthemostimportantassets mankind. istheretoservethe messagethattechnology hu ing countries,whileatthesametimespreading me to create innovative for develop technologies themotivationcountries do.Thishasbecome for beforedevelopingsaster mitigationtechnologies developedbecause countriestendtoadoptdi disasters occur in developing countries. This is erally amuch lower level ofcasualties thanwhen telephone? Theworld would have acom become or Alexander Graham Bellhadnotinvented the had ThomasEdisonnotdiscovered thelightbulb, of every humanera. Whatwould have happened developed countries, there is gen saster. Whendisastersoccurin a hugedifferenceintimesofdi we know today. makes Technology pletely differentplacetotheone ------world through young people, we might be able to Technology can be useful when it is quickly ad- leverage their interest in keeping up-to-date with opted by a larger community or a larger popula- technology and trends to educate older gener- tion, especially in developing countries. Because ations, such as their parents and grandparents, most of the time, technology could be the answer about the latest innovations and inventions. In to the problem that we have been possessing for this way, young people can contribute to their quite some time, and finally unleash the better- country by being the “ambassadors” of new tech- ment of the lives of many people, the lives of hu- nology as it rapidly enters our world. mankind.

Oscar testing his winning Google Glass application at the ‘Code for Resilience Competition’ held by the World Bank in London, UK.

93 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 94 Anton Abdul Fatah Empowering Villagers Through Land Reclamation

When Anton Abdul Fatah, 29, saw how brick production was causing land damage in Garut, West Java, he decided to do something about it. His idea to restore the land’s fertility using agroforestry techniques won him international appreciation.

ince 2009, I have been empow- but to produce red bricks from scratch on- ering the citizens of Sindang Sari site. village in Garut, West Java, to Because of my work in this field, I won the perform land reclamation. The S E-Idea Competition organised by the British condition of the land in the village has been Council in collaboration with Lloyd’s Regis- damaged by brick-making business activ- ter Quality Assurance (LRQA). E-Idea is an ities, which is quite concerning. The land initiative to help young eco-entrepreneurs damage has occurred because a large part of to develop innovative projects to solve envi- the land has been leased to real estate busi- ronmental issues with measurable business nessmen, not to be used as a land to build impacts and practices to benefit the respec- residential or office building complexes on,

95 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 96 as injecting compost made from agricultural compostmadefromagricultural as injecting aswell using bothagroforestrytechniques, fortheproductionofbricksby of landused was torestorethefertility toinitiateaproject The ideathatmademewon thecompetition same soiltomakeitharderandfirmer. inthe couldbeplanted the sametime,trees help thedevelopment andforests.At oftrees as peanuts,cornandpotatoes,whichwould fix thenitrogensupply,such with plants that are able to ed ample, thesoilwould beplant Forexforestry arecombined. where bothagricultureand ly, agroforestryishaving land Basical of Indonesianpeople. a conceptwhichisrelatively newintheeyes My ideawas withinthefieldofagroforestry, tive communitiesintheAsia-Pacificregion. - - - overcome the the overcome can method This sediment. land of erosion and degradation soil of problem terns, bycombiningpeaplantsthatarevery intercroppingpat estry activities,Icreated and animalwaste. Intermsoftheagrofor free albizia seeds to be planted inthesoil. tobeplanted albiziaseeds free andthepossibilityofproviding plant trees, composts andfertilisers,finding ways to stance, weways discussed ofmakingcheap idea withintheagricultural industry.Forin execute theidea,asthisisarelatively new the villageonfindingbestmethodsto have a proper discussion with farmers from the condition of the soil with the the conditionofsoilwith productive andareabletorestore Moreover, Ialsomadetimeto erosion oflandsediment. problem ofsoildegradation and This methodcanovercome the ability toreduce. albizia tree’s - - - Anton working in the field as part of his farmers’ empowerment programme.

97 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 98 Andhyta Firselly Utami New Lessons on Public Policy, One Forest at a Time

Andhyta Firselly Utami, 22, or Afu to her friends, has many interests, ranging from public policy to forestry, volunteerism and creative writing. She’s trying to balance everything at the moment, and find a way for her interests to contribute to the betterment of her country.

ight now I am primarily working as ities outside campus, as most college students do. research analyst for the World Re- I was actively involved in a non-governmental or- sources Institute, a global environ- ganisation called Indonesian Future Leaders, and R mental think tank. My chief focus lies chaired the Indonesian Youth Parliament (Par- in Indonesia’s forest governance, as well as land lemen Muda Indonesia), a national movement use issues. On a daily basis, my routine includes that aims to increase youth participation in the providing data-based analyses and policy recom- decision-making process and democracy in the mendations, engaging with various stakehold- bigger picture. Through a series of roadshows, ers—be it government, business or civil society regional consultations, as well as innovative actors—while also trying to minimise my own methods of political education (such as Kampung carbon footprint! Politik, or Political Village), we reintroduced the parliament as well as its utmost importance to Before having a full-time job, I was an Interna- our young generation. tional Relations student with a number of activ-

99 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 100 youth activismashaving bothdemandandsup As a youth the world of activist myself, I see best ofbothworlds. I have because me, especially exposed to the been for the country. Both ideas are as intriguing to andeventuallypublic sector serve asaminister publish booksonayearly basis,orwork inthe writerand one Iwillgoforfirst:beafull-fledged to two bigdreams,andIhaven’t which decided All oftheseactivitieshave me“give helped birth” me onthespeech. on thebackandcongratulated me alsopatted ple Itrulyrespect standing ovation, butsomepeo and afterwards notonlydidIget youth) inoneroom, gottomeet both ofmyworlds (forestryand it wasSession, because when of theCIFORForestsAsiaYouth tobethekeynoteinvited speaker veryalso been proudwhenIwas in2012.Iwasfor YoungPeople SCO InternationalEssay Contest me as the 3rd Winner of the GOI-UNE nounced that myproudestmomentwas whenthey an also love writing—in fact I love writing so much policy. Nevertheless, ontopofallmyactivities,I I obviously have aninterestinpoliticsandpublic - The Government of Government The thoughts and ideas to. ideas and thoughts their contribute people young for opportunities of windows and doors participation) by opening youth (for demand create should Indonesia - - - ideas to.Thiscouldbedonebyincreasingthe for young contributetheirthoughtsand people by openingdoorsandwindows ofopportunities should createdemand(foryouth participation) ply sidestoit.TheGovernment ofIndonesia sure qualityparticipationfromthem. only facilitateyouth participation,butalsoen Should we managetoclosethisgap,we willnot between thoselivinginurbanandrural areas. issues aswell asspeakingandwritingcapacity there isstillabiggapintermsofawareness of ing activities.Forexample, forIndonesianyouth through empowering youth viacapacity-build could fosterthesupplysideofthisequation UNFPA andotherUNagencies,inthemeantime, tions thatincludeyouth as number ofpublicconsulta affect thefutureweaffect live in. made by the government will cause manyofthedecisions of view.Thisisessentialbe our own causesandpoints a platformtostand up for ety approach),givingyouth ernment-business-civil soci (in additiontotheusualgov groups one of the identified ------Andhyta advocating youth participation and leadership as the key for future development.

101 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 102 Natasha Ardiani Practicing Public Policy from the Office of the President to the United Nations Headquarters

Natasha Ardiani’s passion lies in development, international affairs, education and youth activism. The 24-year-old had always been interested in making a career in the public sector, both at a national and international level.

ltimately, I dream of living in a have a good work/life balance whereby I can still world where everyone lives equally, thrive at my job and can make time for family rights are secured and guaranteed, and friends. I started with a bachelor’s degree U and basic human needs are fulfilled. in International Relations before taking a mas- But this is such a utopia, isn’t it? I realise that ter’s in Public Policy. Now I am a public policy dreaming about living in a utopian world will not professional working at the executive branch of cut it. Therefore, I feel the urge to act upon my the government, and in my free time I’m an avid dream and do something meaningful that would traveller. In order to fulfill my potential, I am make life worthwhile. striving not only to become better educated, but well travelled better rounded as a whole person In the road to pursuing my dream, I have decid- and to able to aspire communities and inspire so- ed to use public policy as my tool. I believe that cial change. It is my wish to see every young per- public policy is one of the strongest tools we can son in Indonesia being realise their own dreams use to help others. At the moment, my goal is to

103 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 104 gotiation in19 July2014andcameproducing 17 ne quarters in New York, with the most recent Sustainable Development GoalsattheUNHead of negotiationsontheOpen WorkingGroupon tinues asIassistthegovernment intheround engagements. MyroleasaPost-2015 analystcon National Consultationon Post-2015 andother and HeadofUKP4forUNGeneral Assembly, presentations onthePost-2015toPresident 2015 agenda.Ialsopreparebriefings,reportsand Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)andpost- solutionstobridgethegapbetween the seeking Goals (SDGs),policydrafting, event planningand Sustainable Development tion totheformulationof develop analysesinrela ternational processes and isterial, nationalandin contribution tointer-min youth, organizeUKP4’s civilsocietyand sector, to governments, private dinate outreach efforts agenda. Imainlycoor mendation on Post-2015 come upwitharecom UN Secretary-General to el was bythe established Agenda (HLPEP).Thepan High-Level PanelonthePost-2015Development of PresidentSusiloBambangYudhoyono atthe (UKP4) in2012toassisttheco-chairmanship Unit forDevelopment MonitoringandOversight working atthePresident’sDeliveryI started but themselves. successful nothing is stopping them to become with thebestoftheirabilities,knowing that ------INSPIRED ME TO DO MORE. MORE. TODO ME INSPIRED TRULY AND ME EMPOWERED DREAM MY TOFULFILL ABLE BEING AGENDA. DEVELOPMENT POST-2015 THE ON EVENT AN FOR SPEECHWRITERS OF TEAM A IWAS IN WHEN 2013 INCLUDED FEBRUARY IN TRUE CAME DREAM THIS COUNTRY. THIS OF LEADER THE FOR ASPEECH TO WRITE MINE ALWAYS HAD IT OF ADREAM BEEN - - - managing bilateral andmultilateral initiatives My otherresponsibilitiesintheofficeinclude for thenext 15years. potentially lead globaleffortsondevelopment witness thebirthofSDGs,asgoalsthatwill SDGs and 169 targets. It was such a privilege to to implementation andactingasadevelopment indevelopmentbedded planning,contributing velopment, youth can play many roles: being em Post-2015 agenda.Intheparadoxical world ofde largelybythe whose fatewould bedetermined outthere help butrelatetothe1.8billion people tative and one asayoung person. I couldnot wearing two hats,oneas government represen Throughout thepost-2015process,Ihave been to everyone. isaccessible that high-qualityglobaleducation es moreIndonesianstostudyabroadbyshowing Emissions from Deforestation REDD+ (Reducing on climatechangeanddeforestationunderthe first-hand alumniandencourag tion aboutstudyingabroadfrom platform thatspreadsinforma Indonesia Mengglobal,anonline Youth, andwas alsoinvolved in initiative, Indonesian called of ayouth-led and youth-based leadership roleastheco-chair From 2013to2014,Itookon mantan wherewe do ourwork. Park and otherplaces in Kali al Park, Tanjung Puting National places suchasSebangauNation This opportunityhastakenmeto and Forest Degradation) scheme. ------watchdog. I like what I see so far – that youth has social, economic and financial resources. UNFPA been involved in many debates, consultations and other stakeholders can help close this gap by and discussions, been quoted and mentioned in raising awareness, building capacities and build- many reports and even have influenced nego- ing quality of participation for young people tiations through persistent lobbying. outh are across Indonesia. determined not to miss out on having their say, as they did in the formulation of the Millennium I am still trying to mold my professional and ac- Development Goals (MDGs), in which youth also ademic experience by embarking into different received no special mention as a target group for experiences and taking on different roles. I can development. This time around, youth as the fu- see myself doing PhD in a few years since I am ture generations are safeguarding their future very much interested in researching more deep- by helping governments and the UN to produce ly about Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF), specifi- better outcomes. cally in regards to developing one for Indonesia. I would also like to see the organisation I am still As a young person and a concerned citizen, I leading, Indonesian Youth Diplomacy to grow in see a huge untapped potential for young peo- numbers, influence and social impact. ple in Indonesia. This potential needs to be rec- ognised and acted upon by the Government of The most important thing for me is to keep go- Indonesia, UNFPA and other UN agencies. The ing forwards, trying my best and do not looking government can incentivise more youth activ- back, being flexible and always wanting to ad- ism, entrepreneurship, mentorship, internship vance; this way I can live my life with no regrets. and apprenticeships at home and abroad and at the same time giving access for young people to

Natasha, third from left, at the G8 and G20 Youth Summits in Washington, DC, United States.

105 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 106 Alanda Kariza tance ofpromotinginterfaith cooperation dinals andarchbishopsabout theimpor front oftheRomanCatholic Churchcar Nations, Geneva. She hasalsospokenin ployment and socialjusticeatPalaisdes ference 2011,tospeakaboutyouth unem Session oftheInternationalLabourCon ic regionasayouth panelistinthe100th da was to represent theAsia-Pacif invited Young Worldsummits.Inmid2011,Alan cluding theGlobalChangemakersandOne in anumberofinternationalforums, torepresent Indonesia appointed has been a memberofthe Board ofSupervisors. She in Jakarta, in which she sits as tion based and SinergiMuda,ayouth-run organisa in2009 Youth Conferencethatshestarted activities, mainlythroughtheIndonesian Alanda isinvolved inyouth empowerment asaco-writer. three books on herown and has written three UN’s flagshipmagazine,UNChronicle.She invariousfeatured includingthe media, the ageof 14, Alanda’swritings have been Since thepublicationofherdebutnovel at Authors ------good feelings to the people ofIndonesia. tothe people good feelings sell icecreamsthatspread happinessand Amame IceCreamTherapy, which aimsto the world, Unilever. Sheisalso a partnerin of the largest consumer goods company in Business. Sheiscurrentlyworking inone in Economics,majoringInternational tional University withabachelor’s degree Alanda graduated from BinusInterna rum’s GlobalShapers(2014). (2014) and oneoftheWorld Economic Fo by SingaporeInternationalFoundation aYoungSocial Entrepreneur named been magazine(2011).Alandahasrecently teers tial women inIndonesiabyTheMarke and was one of themostinfluen named Choicecategory(2011); in thePeople’s Innovation andEntrepreneurshipAward ter andSanitation(2010);theIPA Social makers Award for Innovation in Clean Wa She received theASHOKA YoungChange 2013. XVIBenedict inperson inVaticanCity, Pope religious affairs,allowing hertomeet and engagingyoung inmanaging people ------Authors

Born in 1991 in Sungai Penuh, Angga holds a master’s degree in Pub- lic Policy and Administration from the University Indonesia, and a bachelor’s degree in Public Administration from the State University of Padang in Indonesia.

Angga now works as the Youth Advocate at UNFPA Indonesia. He ad- Angga vocates for the rights of young people and ensures that youth partic- Dwi Martha ipate in shaping the processes surrounding the Post-2015 Develop- ment Agenda.

He was named one of the Young Leaders for Indonesia in 2011 by McKinsey and Company, was one of two youth speakers at the 5th International Parliamentarians Conference 2012 in Istanbul, Youth Speaker at the 45th Session of Committee on Population and Devel- opment Meeting in 2012 at UN Headquarters in New York, and clos- ing speaker and MC at the UN ICPD Beyond 2014’s Global Youth Fo- rum. Most recently, Angga was one of the youth delegates at the 68th Session of the UN General Assembly and one of the youth conveyers for the Youth Multi-stakeholders Meeting during 4th HLPEP Meeting in Bali.

‘Ange’ is a youth advocate working on Public Health issues. She recently graduated from the Public Health Faculty at the University of Indo- nesia, majoring in Epidemiology. In 2012, she was awarded third place by her faculty as the most outstanding student and the most inspiring student in the scientific category. Her interests include global health, Anggraini public health issues, reproductive health and youth mobilisation. Sari Astuti

107 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 108 Anindya Nastiti Johan Albert Akbar Rasyid Faqih Aulia Piter Ginuny Restuviani Restuviani cio-cultural affairs,humanrightsandclimate change. in June2013.Hisinterestsare youth issues,politics,development, so from IndonesiaattheInternationalGlobalCitizenCorps inTunisia stitute of Agriculture (IPB). He was one of two youth representatives Faqih isayouth leaderstudyingShariaEconomicsattheBogorIn Nations(AIMUN)International ModelUnited inBeijing. won Best Position Paper at theAsian and across Asia. Sherecently toraiseprojects legalawareness amongyoung inIndonesia people inInternationalLaw, activelyspecialisation shehasbeen involved in Since graduating fromSemarang’s DiponegoroUniversity witha ‘Vivi’ isayouth advocate onadolescentand juvenile delinquency. Papua YouthForum. ipation ingovernment programmes,andthe communitymeetings youth. Heprovides practical informationforyoung viapartic people on issuessuchassexuality, earlymarriage,drugsandlifeskillsfor ulty ofEconomicsattheUniversity ofYapis,Papua,Johanadvocates Johan isayouth advocate working inPapua.Agraduate ofthe Fac Authors - - - - Authors

Vania is a youth activist for environmental and sustainable development issues. While studying Management at the Airlangga University in Surabaya, Vania co-founded AV Peduli, an environmental NGO, and led Startic, an “ethnic trashion” ecopreneurship. She received the Satyalencana Wirakarya award Vania from the president of Indonesia for her work in environmental Santoso conservation and social empowerment.

Ami is a youth leader from Balikpapan who advocates for youth empowerment and green lifestyles. He tours schools around his city to speak about a role for youth in environmental issues. Currently, Ami is involved in a number of youth-focused programmes in Balikpapan run by the East Kalimantan Provincial Office for Youth and Sports. Muhammad Ami

Briliansy is a student at the Faculty of Medicine at Gadjah Mada Uni- versity. She has experience in public health, medical education, human rights and peace projects. She has also participated in sessions led by the International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations (IFMSA) to train students from the Center for Indonesian Medical Briliansy Students’ Activities (CIMSA). She is currently developing an educa- Mulyanto tional project for sustainable development.

109 Investing in Young People in Indonesia 110 Faza Fairuza Rizky Ashar Murdiono Az-Zahra Youth 2014inSriLanka. in NusaDua,Bali,andasayouth observer attheWorldConference on issues. Fay was involved asvolunteer attheICPDGlobalYouthForum youth radio station, where she shares information on various youth ty ofAlAzharIndonesia.Forseveral years atalocal shehasworked ‘Fay’ isayouth activistandstudentofPsychology attheUniversi vices andinformationforyoung withdisabilities. people is anactive advocate forgenderdiversity, reproductive healthser resents Indonesia as ayouth activist forAmnesty Internationaland atBrawijayaics Engineering University inMalang,EastJava. Herep Ekky isahumanrightsactivistandstudentmajoringinInformat Authors - - - - Authors

Sewar is a youth leader and student at Undana University’s Faculty of Agriculture. He is involved in youth activism across the province of East Nusa Tenggara, especially in activities related to sharing information on reproductive health, drugs, al- cohol and HIV/AIDS for youth in Kupang. Alfrado Raymon Sewar

Diba is an activist for youth participation and a student at the Bogor Institute of Agriculture (IPB), majoring in Science Com- munication and Community Development. She has worked with a number of organizations on human rights, gender equality and youth empowerment, including with the Global Diba Citizen Corps by Mercy Corps in 2010. Safitri

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