DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 104 010 95 EA 006 957

AUTHOR Grant, N. Vance; Lind, C. George TITLE Digest of Educational Statistics, 1974Edition. ( INSTITUTION National Center for Education Statistics (DHE1), Washington, D.C. REPORT NO SCES-75-210 PUB DATE 75 NOTE 181p.; Tables may reproduce poorly AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, O. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 (Stock Number 017-08001393.4, $2.50)

EDRS PRICE HF-$0.76 HC-$9.51 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; Adult Education; Degrees (Titles); Dropout Rate; Educational Facilities; *Elementary Secondary Education; Employment Statistics; Enrollment; Expenditures; Graduates; *Higher Education; Income; Libraries; School Districts; School Holding Power; *Statistical Data; Tables (Data); Teachers

ABSTRACT The 13th in a series of annualpublications provides an abstract of statisticalinformation covering American education from kindergarten through graduate school.Subjects on which statistical are provided include the numberof schools and colleges, and information on enrollments,teachers, graduates, educational attainment, finances, federal funds foreducation, libraries, international education, and research anddevelopment. The digest is divided according to (1) all levels ofeducation, (2) elementary and secondary education, (3) higher education,(4) federal programs for education and related activities, and(5) selected statistics related to education in the United States.Innovations include data on enrollment and teachers of the handicappedin public elementary and secondary schools; enrollment in highereducation, by place of residence; trends in enrollment in highereducation, by type and control of institution; institutions ofhigher education, by highest level of offering, sex of students, andcontrol of institution; characteristics of persons receiving doctor'sdegrees; federal libraries; federal expenditures for researchand development; and summary data from theNational Assessment of Educational Progressin science, 1970 and 1973, and in music,1971-72. (Author /JG) p 6, NCES 78-210 ri U S DEPARTMENT OF NEAT TN EDUCATION & WEL,ANL NATIONAL INSTITUTE 0 CO EDUCATION 4 TN") MN, MTN! NAS ESE% WE PNO OA I cl *ACt 1itet,VED 1110,11 C) INS PE Ittot.t AM 0116ANI1A T OR ,4:h ot, :1poi at v.1 Old OPINIONS SW 1 tvg (1.'0,4411 v fit PRE i ht,`§ 1 .A1Na0,0NAI INS, ,t)vi 01 C3I L. (4' ..sh PO 011011OR Pt)'1 Digest o f Educational Statistics 1974Edition

by W. Vance Grant and C. George Lind National Center for Education Statistics

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary Education Division Virginia Y. Trotter, Assistant Secretary for Education Cr) National Center for Education Statistics C.0 Francis C. Nassetta, Acting Administrator NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS

"The purpose of the Center shall be to collect and disseminate statistics and other data related to education in the United States and in other nations.

The Center shall . . . collect, collate, and, from time to time, report full and complete statistics on the conditions of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports on specialized analyses of the meaning and signi- ficance of such statistics; . . . and review and report on education activities in foreign countries."--Section 406(b) of the General Education Provisions Act, as amended (20 U.S.C. 12210-1).

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1975

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Prise $2.80 Stock Number 017-080-01393-4

3 FOREWORD

The 1974 edition of the Digest of Educational Statistics is the 13th in a series of annual publications initiated by this office in 1962. Its primary purpose is to provide an abstract of statistical information covering the broad field of American education from kindergarten through the graduateschool. In order to perform this function, it utilizes materials from numerous sources, including the statistical surveys and estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics and other appropriate sources, both governmental and nongovernmental. The publication contains information on a variety of subjects within thefield of educational statistics, including the number of schools and colleges, enrollments, teachers, graduates, edtcational attainment, finances, Federal finds for education, libraries, international education, and refearch and development. The Digest is divided into five chapters: All Levels of Education, Elementary and Secondary Education, Higher Education, Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities, and Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States. To qualify for inclusion in this publication, material must be nationwide in scope and of current interest and value. Series of data extending as farback as 1870 have been employed in many instances in order to give some historical perspective. Theintroduction supplements the tabular materials in chapters I through V by providing a brief description of current trends in American education. In addition to updating many of the statistics that appeared in previous years, this editionof the Digest contains a number of new tables and charts. Included in the new material are data on enrollment and teachers of the handicapped in public elementary and secondary schools; enrollment in highereducation, by place of residence; trends in enrollment in higher education, by type and controlof institution; institutions of higher education, by highest level of offering, sex of students, and control of institution; characteristics of persons receiving doctor's degrees; Federal libraries; and Federal expendituresfor research and development as a percent of the Federal budget. Summary data from the NationalAssessment of Educational Progress in science, 1970 and 1973, and in music, 1971-72, are also included.

In the past, the Digest of Educational Statistics has proved useful to persons interested inthe nature and scope of education in the United States and in particular to those individualsconcerned with the formulation and conduct of educational policy. We trust that the readers of the 13th edition willfind it as valuable as its predecessors.

MARJORIE CHANDLER, Chief KENNETH A. SIMON, Chief Division of Statistical Information Reference, Estimates and and Studies Projections Branch CONTENTS

Page

Foreword Hi

Introduction 1

Chapter I. All Levels of Education S

Chapter II. Elementary and Secondary Education 29

Chapter III. Higher Education 69

Chapter IV. Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 119

Chapter V. Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States 137

Index 161

FIGURES

1. The structure of education in the United States 4 2. Estimated retention rates, fifth grade through college graduation: United States, 1965 to 1977 13 3. Percent of illiteracy in the population, by race: United States, 1870 to 1969 17 4. Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1972 21 5. Total expenditures for education as a percentage of the gross national product: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72 25 6. Direct general mpenditures of State and local governments, by function: 1962-63 and 1971-72 28 7. Population, public school enrollment, and public school expenditures in 20 'ale cities as a percent of the national total 36 8. Selected characteristics of public elementary and secondary school teachers: United States, 1970-71 47 9. Number of high school graduates for each 100 persons 17 years of age: Un'ted States, 1869-70 to 1969-70 55 10. Estimated current expendituresfur,public elementary and secondary dayschools, 1 Q73-74, as a percent of personal income in 1973, by State 65 11. Major field of study of college students 14 to 34 years old: United States, October 1966 and October 1972 79 12. Selected characteristics of teaching faculty in colleges and universities: United States, 1972-73 86 13. Number of institutions of higher education for men, for women, and coeducational: United States, 1953-54 to 1973-74 92

V

0 Page 14. Cost of student education from tuition and fees and from other sources, by control of institution: United States, 1971 -72 112

TABLES

AU Levels of Education

Enrol Wen: 1. Estimated enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, fall 1973 and fail 1974 6 2. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, fall 1970 6 3. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of school: United States, 1899-1900 to fall 1970 7 4. Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by race, sex, and age: United States, October 1973 8 5. Percent of the population 5 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age: United States, October 1947 to October 1973 8 6. Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age and by State: Spring 1970 9 7. Participants in adult education, by source of instruction: United States, 1969 and 1972... 10 8. Participants in adult education, by type of program: United States, 1969 and 1972 10 9. Participants in adult basic education programs, by race or ethnic group, age, and sex: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1973 10

Teachers and Other instructional Staff 10. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members in institutions of higher education: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72 11 11. Estimated number of classroom teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and total instructional staff for resident courses in institutions of higher education: United States, fall 1973 and fall 1974 11

Schools and School Districts 12. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts) and number of schools, by level and control, by State: 1972-73 12

Retention Rates and Educational Attainment 13. Estimated retention rates, 5th grade through college entrance, in public and nonpublic schools: United States, 1924-32 to 1965-73 14 14. Level of school completed by persons 25 years old and over and 25 to 29 years old, by color: United States, 1910 to 1974 14 15. Median school years completed by persons 25 years old and over, by sex, race, and State: 1970 15 16. Years of school completed by persons 25 years old and over, by State: 1970 16 17. Illiteracy of the population, by State: 1900, 1930, and 1960 18 18. Percent of draftees who failed to meet the mental requirements for induction into the armed services, by State: 1972 18 19. Occupation of employed persons 16 years old and over, by sex, color, and years of scnool completed: United States, March 1973 19

vi 6 Page

Income 20. Total annual money income of persons 25 years old and over, by years of school completed, sex, and age: United States, 1972 20 21. Annual income of men, by age and by years of school completed: United States, 1956 to 1972 22 22. Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1956 to 1972 . 22 23. Receipts of educational institutions, by level of instruction, type of control, and source: United States, 1971-72 22

Expenditures 24. Estimated expenditures for education, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, 1973-74 and 1974-75 23 25. Estimated expenditures of educational institutions, by source of Rinds: United States, 1967-68 to 1974-75 23 26. Expenditures for education, including capital outlay, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, 1971-72 26 27. Gross national product related to total expenditures for education: United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74 26 28. Direct expenditures of State and local governments for all functions and for education, by per capita amount and percent of per capital income: 1971-72 27

Elementary and Secondary Education

Enrollment 29. Enrollment in MI-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by level and by State: Fall 1973 and fall 1974 30 30. Enrollment by grade in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: United States, 1962-63 to 1973-74 31 31. Enrollment, attendance, and length of school term in public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1971-72 32 32. Age ranges for compulsory and permissive school attendance, by State: 1972 33 33. Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools compared with population 14-17 years of age: United States, 1889-90 to fall 1973 33 34. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: United States, 1869-70 to 1971-72 34 35. Selected statistics on public elementary and secondary schools in 20 large cities compared with the United States totals: 1973-74 36 36. Selectedstatistics of local public schwa systems, by enrollment size: United States, 1969-70 37 37. Enrollment in special education programs for exceptionalchildren:United States, February 1963 and 1970-71 37 38. Pupils with handicaps, pupils receiving special instruction or assistance, and professional staff for the handicapped in local public elementary and secondary schools: United States, spring 1970 38 39. Number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense, and current expenditures for transportation: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72 38 40. Enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, by control and by State: Spring 1970 39 41. Percentage distribution of enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, by control and by State: Spring 1970 40 Page

149. Occupation groups of employed degree recipients, by sex: United States, October 1971 . 140 150. Relationship of work of degree recipients to major field of study, and reason for working in a job not directly related to field: United States, October 1971 141 151. Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for the bachelor's degree, by field of study: United States, 1968-69 to 1973-74 141 152. Average monthly salary offers to male and female candidates for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study: United States, 1972-73 to 1973-74 142

International Education 153. United States college faculty abroad, by country and by field of interest: 1972-73 ... 142 154. United States college students abroad, by country and by field of interest: 1971-72... 142 155. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by area of origin, major field of interest and academic status: 1972-73 143 156. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by area of origin: 1954-55 to 1972-73 144 157. Estimated population and enrollment, by level, in major arias of the world: 1970-71 . 144 158. Estimated total population and enrollment, by level, in selected countries of the world: 1970-71 145

Libraries and Public Television 159. Broadcast hours of public television stations, by type of programing and by type of licensee, geographic region, and budget size: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1972 146 160. Rank order of public libraries with 1 million or more volumes in their collections: United States, 1968 146 161. General statistics of public libraries serving areas of 25,000 or more population: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1968 147 162. General statistics of Federal libraries: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1972 147 163. Estimated number of librarians, by type of library in which employed and by sex: United States, 1960, 1970, and requirements for 1980 148 164. Selected statistics on the collections, staff, and operating expenditures of large university libraries: 1971-72 148 165. General statistics of college and university libraries: United States and outlying areas, 1959-60, 1968-69, and 1970-71 149 166. Prices for hardcover, mass-market paperback, and trade and higher priced paperback books, 1967-69 and 1972, and number of tides, 1972, by category: United States ... 149 167. Price index for hardcover, mass-market paperback, and trade and higher priced paperback books, based on 1967-69 average prices, by category: United States, 1971 and 1972 .. 150 168. Prices for periodicals /Ind serial service, by subject area: United States, 1967-69, 1971, and 1972 150

Research and Development 169. Number and median annual salaries of scientists, by type of employer and by field: United States, 1970 151 170. Federal research and development expenditures related to total Federal budget outlays: United States, 1940 to 1974 151 171. Federal funds obligated for educational research and development, by sponsoring agency: United States, 1969 to 1974 152 172. Research and development funds related to the gross nadonal product: United States, 1953 to 1973 152 173. Sources of funds used for research and development: United States, 1953 to 1974... 152 Page

64. Number and percent of public secondary schools, by type of school: United States, 1919-20 to 1970-71 54

High School Graduates, Dropouts, and Seniors 65. Number of high school graduates compared with population 17 years of age: United States, 1869-70 to 1972-73 54 66. Percent of high school dropouts among persons 14 to 24 years old, by race and by sex: United States, 1967 and 1973 54 67. Number of public and nonpublic high school graduates, by sex and by State: 1972-73.. 56 68. Summary statistics on the educational experience and personal aspirations of high school seniors: United States, spring 1972 57

Income 69. Estimated revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools, by source and by State: 1973-74 58 70. Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State, local, and other sources, by State: 1971-72 59 71. Public elementary and secondary school revenue receipts from Federal, State, and local sources: United States, 1919-20 to 1972-73 60 72. Results of public school bond elections: United States, 1957-58 to 1972-73 60

Expenditures 73. Estimated expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and by State: 1973-74 61 74. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and by State: 1971-72 62 75. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: United States, 1919-20 to 1971-72 63 76. Personal income, 1973, related to public school expenditures, by State: 1973-74 ... 64 77. Estimated expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance In public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1973-74 66 78. Total and current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74 67 79. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local fkmds for vocational education: United States and outlying areas, 1920 to 1973 67 80. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education, by State: Fiscal year 1973 68

Higher Education

Enrollment 81. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status and sex of student, control of institution, and State: Fall 1973 70 82.: Total and first-time degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by State: Fall 1973 and fall 1974 71 83. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment and by State: Fall 1973 72 84. Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by State and by place of residence: Fall 1972 73

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85. Selected statistics for the 60 institutions of higher education enrolling the largest number of students: United States, fall 1973 74 86. Degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education compared with population aged 18-24: United States, fall 1950 to fall 1973 75 87. Degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1974 75 88. Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education related to total population and to age groups 18-21 and 18-24: United States, 1869-70 to fall 1972 . 76 89. Degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution:-United.11itates, fall 1968 to fall 1973 76 90. Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment, and control of institution: United States, fall 1973 77 91. First-time degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1974 77 92. Selected characteristics of first-time students in institutions of higher education: United States, fall 1973 78 93. Enrollment for advanced degrees, by level of enrollment, sex of student, attendance status, and field of study: United States and outlying areas, fall 1971 R0 94. Enrollment for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study: United States and outlying areas, fall 1960 to fall 1970 81 95. Selected characteristics of college students 16 to 34 years of age: United States, October 1973 81 96. Engineering enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level:. United States and outlying areas, fall 1949 to fall 1973 82 91. Total enrollment, fall 1973, and degrees conferred, 1970-71, in institutions attended predominantly by black students: United States 82 98. Number of 2-year institutions of higher education and degree-credit enrollment, by control of institution and by sex: United States, iall 1947 to fall 1973 83 99. Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in institutions of higher education: United States, 1869-70 to 1971-72 84

Faculty and Other Professional Staff 10U. Estimated fiill-time and part-time resident instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by academic rank: United States, fall 1960 to 1974 85 101. Teething and research staff in 'institutions of higher education, by academic rank and field: United States and outlying areas, fall 1970 85 102. Professional background and e.adernic activity of college faculty members, by type of institution and by sex: United States, 1972-73 87 103. Demographic and background characteristics of college faculty members, by type of institution and by sex: United States, spring 1969 88 104. Number and average salary of fidl-time instructional faculty on 9-10 month contracts in institutions of higher education, by type of institution, academic rank, and sex: United States, 1972-73 89 105. Median salaries of instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by academic rank, type of institution, and size of enrollment: United States, 1971-72 and 1973-74.... 89 106. Median annual salaries of instructional staff and administrative officers in 4year colleges and universities: United States, 1959-60 to 1973-74 90

10 Page

Institutions 107. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and size of enrollment: United States. fall 1972 90 108. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and State: 1973- 74 91 109. Number of institutions of higher education, by highest level of offering, sex of students, and and control of institution: United States, 1973-74 93

Degrees 110. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and by State: 1970-71 and 1971-72 94 111. Bachelor's, master's, and docto a degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1970-71 95 112. Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1971-72 100 113. First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student, control of institution, and field of study: United States, 1970-71 100 114. Number of first-professional degrees conferred in dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex: United States, 1949-50 to 1971-72 101 115. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education: United States, 1869-70 to 1972-73 101 116. Engineering degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: United States and outlying areas, 1948-49 to 1971-72 101 117. Doct 's degrees conferrea oy 60 large institutions of higher education: 1961-62 to 1970-71 102 118. Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees, by field of study: United States, 1972-73 103 119. Male college graduates in the population, by field or highest degree: United States, March 1967 104 120. Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and by type of degree: United States, 1965-66 to 1970-71 104 121. Formal awards based on organizedoccupational curriculums at the technical or semiprofessional levelininstitutions of higher education, by length and type of curriculum and by sex of recipient: United States and outlying areas, 1970-71 105 income 122. Current fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by source of revenue: United States, 1971-72 107 123. Current4Und revenue of institutions of higher education from State and local governments related to total current -fund revenue, by control of institution and by State: 1971-72 .. 108 124. Current fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by State: 1970-71 and 1971-72 109 125. Income of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1971-72 110 126. Private gifts and grants to institutions of higher education, by control of institution: United States, 1959-60 to 1971-72 111 127. Estimated tuition and fees, and room and board rates, in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution: United States, 1964-65 to 1974-75 113 128. Basic student charges by institutions of higher education for tuition and fees, room, and board, by control and type of institution, and by residence of student: United States and outlying areas, 1971-72 113

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Expenditures 129. Currenthind expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by purpose: United States, 1971-72 114 130. Expenditures of institutions of higher education: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72. 114 131. Curtentfund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by State: 1970-71 and 1971-72 115 132. Personal income, 1971, related to educational and general expenditures for higher education and to vlucadonal and general Nods received from State and local govenunents, by State: 1971-72 116

Property 133. Physical plant value per student in institutions of higher educe In, by control and by level: United States, 1970-71 and 1971-72 117 134. Endowment fkmds per student in institutions of higher educatkv by control and by level: United States, 1970-71 and 1971-72 117 13S. Property of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1971-72 ... 117

Land Grant Institutions 136. Selected data for landirant institutions on students and finances: United States and outlying areas, 1962-63 and 1972-73 118

Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

137. Federal funds for education and related activities, by agency: Fiscal years 1973 to 1975 .. 125 138. Federal funds for education and related &Alvin's: Obligations for fiscal years 1962 to 1967 and outlay for fiscal years 1968 to 1975 126 139. Summary of Federal funds for research, development, and R&D plant: Fiscal years 1972, 1973, and 1974 128 140. Expenditures for fellowship, traineeship, and training grant programs of Federal agencies: Fiscal year 1973 129 141. Federal funds to State and local governments for elementary and secondary education, by agency and by State: Fiscal year 1973 130 142. Office of Education expenditures, by legislative program: Fiscal years 1960 to 1975 ... 131 143. Federal obligations to universities and colleges, by agency and by State: Fiscal year 1972. 134 144. Federal funds obligated by the Office of Education, by program area and by State: Fiscal year 1973 135 145. Office of Education funds obligated for instructional materials and equipment, by program: Fiscal year 1973 136

Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States

Employment Status and Job Opportunities 146. College enrollment and labor force status of 1973 high school graduates, by sex, color, and marital status of women: United States, October 1973 138 147. Employment status of 1973 high school graduates not enrolled in college and of 1972-73 school dropouts, by sex, color, and marital status of women: United States, October 1973139 148. Major occupation groups of employed high school graduates not enrolled in college, by year of high school graduation, and of school dropouts, by year last attended school, by sex: United States, October 1973 140 Page

42. Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, pupils, and teachers, by level and by church affiliation of school: United States, 1970-71 41 43. Summary statistics on Catholic elementary and secondary schools:United States, 1919-20 to 1973-74 41 44. Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by age and by type of program: United States, October 1973 41 45. Estimated enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by State: Fall 1974 42 46. Enrollment in foreign languages compared with total enrollment in grades 9-12 of public secondary schools: United States, fall 1965, 1968, and 1970 42 47. Number of students enrolled in various subject areas compared with total enrollment in gradeb 7 to 12 of public secondary schools: United States, 1948-49, 1960-61, and 1972-73 43 48. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program: United States, and outlying areas, 1920 to 1973 43 49. Enrollment in federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program and by level of instruction: United States and outlying areas, fiscal years 1966 to 1973 44

Teachers and Other Instructional Staff 50. Number of full-time and part-time classroom teachers in public and nonpublic elementary and secondary day schools, by State: Fall 1973 and fall 1974 45 Si. Instructional stall in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of position and by State: United States, 1971-72 46 52. Selected characteristics of public school teacners, by level and by sex: United States, 1970-71 48 53. Teachers of federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program: United States and outlying areas, fiscal years 19' 1973 48 54. Public secondary school teachers, by teaching field and by sex: United States, 1970-71 48 55. Estimated number of classroom teachers in nonpublic secondary schools, by teaching field: United States, fall 1974 48 56. Estimated average annual salary of classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1955-56 to 1973-74 49 57. Percentage distribution of estimated annual salaries paid classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1952-53 to 1973-74 49 58. Average annual salary of instructional staff in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1929-30 to 1973-74 50 59. Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, and average annual earnings of full-time employees in all industries, in unadjusted dollars and adjusted dollars: Url.ted States, 1929-30 to 1973-74 51

Instructional Rooms 60. Selected statistics on schoolhousing in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1970-71 and fall 1971 52

Schools and School Districts 61. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), by State: Fall 1973 53 62. Number of public school systems and number of pupils enrolled, by size of system: United States, 1971-72 53 63. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts) and number of public and nonpublic elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1929-30 to 1972-73 .... 53 Page

174. Sources of funds used for basic research: United States, 1953 to 1974 152 175. Funds used in the performance of basic research, applied research, anddevelopment: United States, 1974 153

Equal Educational Opportunity 176. Number and percent of minority students attending public elementary and secondary schools, by geographic area and by level of isolation: Fall 1970 and fall 1972 153 177. Number and percent of minority students attending public elementary and secondary schools, by minority group and by level of isolation: United States, fall 1970 and fall 1972 154 178. Estimated median achievement test scores for 1st- and 12th-tirade pupils, by racial and ethnic group: United States, fall 1965 154

National Assessment ofEducational Progress 179. NationalAssessment of Educational Progress in writing, by age and by selected characteristics of participants: United States, 1969-70 155 180. National Assessment of Educational Progress in citizenship, by age and by selected characteristics of participants: United States, 1969-70 156 181. National Assessment of Educational Progress in reading, by age and by selected characteristics of participants: United States, 1970-71 157 182. National Assessment of Educational Progress in literature, by age and by selected characteristics of participants: United States, 1970-71 158 183. NationalAssessment of Educational Progress inscience, by age and by selected characteristics of participants: United States, 1970 and 1973 159 184. NationalAssessment of EducationalProgressinmusic, by age and by selected characteristics of participants: United States, 1971-72 160

xiv 14 INTRODUCTION A Statistical Look at AmericanEducation: Fall 1974

Education is today the major occupation of about 200,000, or about 1% percent, over the 15.4 million 62.2 million people in the United States. That figure, enrolled a year ago. Enrollment in nonpublic schools along with the fact that approximately $108 billion is held steady at about 1.2 million, while the number of likely to be spent by educational institutions this public school students rose from 14.1 million last fall year, lends support to the contention that education to an estimated 14.4 million in 1974. is now the Nation's largest enterprise. Included in the Enrollment at the elementary school level (kinder- 62.2 million total are 58.9 million students enrolled garten through the 8th grade) apparently declined by in our schools and colleges, 3.0 million teachers, and about 2.1 percent-from 35.1 million pupils last year about 300,000 superintendents, principals, super- to a current estimated level of 34.4 million. Non- visors, and other instructional staff members. This public school enrollment is estimated at 3.5 million means that in a Nation with 212million people this fall compared with 3.6 million a year ago, while nearly 3 out of every 10 persons are directly involved public school enrollment is now about 30.9 million in the educational process. compared with 31.5 million pupils last fall. Total enrollment in regular educational programs School enrollment in future years will be signifi- fromkindergartenthrough the graduate school cantly influenced by trends in the birth rate. Data increased for 27 consecutive years before reaching an from the National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. all-time high of 59.7 million in the fall of 1971. The Public Health Service, show that the number of live small decreases that subsequently have occurred at births in this country attained an alltime high of the elementary school level reflect the fact that there 43 million in 1961. They then declined each year are now fewer children 5 to 13 yearsof age than in until they reached 3.5 million in 1968. Small in- the recent past. Enrollment is continuing to rise at creases occurred in 1969 and 1970, but insubsequent the high school and college levels. years there have been further decreases.On the basis The following percentages of the school-age popu- of data for the first 9 months of this year, it appears lation are estimated to be enrolled in school in the that only about 3.1 million children will be born in fall of 1974: Of the 5-yea-olds (the usual kinder. the United States in 1974. This will be the smallest garten age), 84 percent; 6- to 13-year-olds (grades 1 number of births in any year since 1945, a develop- to 8), 99 percent; 14- to 17-year-olds(grades 9 to ment with major implications for educationalplan- 12), 93 percent; and 18- to 24-year-olds (college age), ning for the 1980's. 25 percent. These estimates are derived from data More immediately, the latest projections of the obtained in the annualfallsurveys of the U.S. National Center for Education Statistics indicate that Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, and there will be small annual reductions in elementary reported in Current Population Reports, Series P-20. school enrollment for the remainder of this decade- Enrollnient in degree-credit programs in colleges reflecting the decrease in the population aged 5 to 13 and universities is estimated at 8.9 million this fall. in the years just ahead. High school enrollment is This represents an increase of about 45/ percent over expected to reach a maximum in 1975, hold steady in the 8.5 million students enrolled 1 year earlier.The 1976, and then begin a series of small annual declines. figures for both years exclude undergraduate students College enrollment is expected to reach a peak about in occupational programs not creditable toward a 1980. A decrease in the college-age population will bachelor's degree as well as people attending other become evident in the early 1980's, but the extent of types of postsecondary educational institutions. the expected enrollment decline will be determined Enrollment in public and nonpublic schools at the by emerging trends in college attendance rates. At the secondary level (grades 9 to 12) is expected to total present time the percentage of young people attend- about 15.6 million students this fall. This is a rise of ing college is downi'ghtly from the high levels attained in the late 1960's.

I Currently, about 2,380,000 persons are employed ating classes reflects the high birth rate in the 1950's as classroom teachers in public and nonpublic elemen- and also the tendency of most young Americans to tary and secondary schools. This represents practically remain in school at least until high school graduation. no change from the number of pens. ms teaching a year About 75 percent of the young people today finish ago. A small increase in secondwy school teachers high school, and about 43 percent (or about 58 per- this year will approximately offset a slight decline in cent of the high school graduates) can be expected to employment at the elementary school level. More enter a degree-credit program in a college or univer- than 2.1 million persons are teaching in public sity. If present trends continue, about 23 percent of schools this fall, and an estimated 240,000 are in persons in their late teens today can be expected to nonpublic schools. Approximately 1,290,000 are earn a bachelor's degree; 7 percent, a master's degree; teaching in elementary schools and 1,090,000 at the and more than 1 percent, a doctorate. secondary level. In a recent survey of the educational attainment of Overall, the number of public school teachers is the population, conducted in March 1972, the Bureau growing at a somewhat faster rate than the number of of the Census found that the median number of pupils. The result is a continuing improvement in the school years completed by young people 20 and 21 pupil-teacher ratio. This fall there are about 21.1 pu- years of age was 12.8 years: persons 45 to 54 had pils per teacher as compared with 25.1 pupils for each completed a median of 123 years; persons 75 and teacher 10 years ago. Moreover, a recent study by the over, 8.6 years. National Education Association indicates that public During the school year 1973-74, the number of school teachers today are better prepared academi- earned degrees conferred by colleges and universities cally than were their predecessors. Only 3 percent of is estimated as follows: bachelor's, 977,000; first- the teachers in 1971 did not have a bachelor's degree, professional, 54,000; master's, 270,000; and doctor's, as compared with 15 percent in 1961. In 1971 more 34,000. In 1974-75, the comparable figures are than 27 percent of the teachers held a master's expected to be 975,000, 54,000, 280,000, and degree, compared with 23 percent 10 years earlier. 35,000. More degrees were conferred in 1973-74 The average annual salary of classroom teachers in than in any previous year, and annual increases are publicelementary and secondaryschoolsrose expected through the early 1980's. 6 percent last year over the preceding year, and a Expenditures for public and private education similar increase is anticipated in 1974-75. Salaries from kindergarten through graduate school are esti- averaged about $10,700 in 1973-74 and are ex- mated at nearly $98 billion for the 1973-74 school pected to exceed $11,300 in 1974-75. The average year, and preliminary estimates place the 1974-75 fig- salary of the total professional instructional staff is ure at about $108 billion. Elementary and secondary somewhat larger: The estimates for 1973-74 and schools last year expended more than $67 billion, and 1974-75 are $11,200 and $11,850, respectively. institutions of higher education spent more than The number of instructional staff members in $35 billion. Public schools and colleges spent an colleges and universities did not rise appreciably estimated $80 billion in 1973-74, as compared with during the past year, according to estimates of the about $18 billion for nonpublic institutions. National Center for Education Statistics. The total Viewed in another context, the total expenditures remains near 620,000. College faculties expanded at a for education during 1973-74 amounted to 7.6 per- rapid rate during the middle and late 1960's in an cent of the gross national product (GNP). The attempt to keep pace with burgeoning enrollments. percentage of GNP spent for education has been in a Even so, the trend in recent years has been toward rising trend for most of the time during the past larger classes and greater utilization of graduate 30 years. The low point in modern times was reached assistants in the classroom in 1943-44, in the midst of World War II, when The average full-time faculty member in 4-year educational expenditures dropped to 1.8 percent of colleges and universities earned nearly $14,400 in the the GNP. academic year 1973-74. Average salaries have been The current expenditure per pupil in average daily rising about 5% percent annually in recent years. A attendanceinpublic elementary and secondary further increase to about $15,200 is expected for the schools has more than doubled in the past decade, academic year 1974-75. rising from about $485 in 1964-65 to more than Approximately 3.1 million persons graduated from $1,200 in 1974-75. The largest item in the school high school in 1974. The class of 1975 is expected to budget is teachers' salaries, and expenditure increases exceed 3.1 million, which will make it the largest in recent years reflect the efforts of local school graduating class in history. The size of these gradu- systems to provide more adequate compensation for

2

16 instructional staff members. The rise in expenditures prepared for useful employment before terminating would be much smaller, of course, if allowance were their formal education. made for changes in the purchasing power of the Summing up, therearea number of recent dollar. developments it American education that enable one The role of the Federal Government in providing to view the future with optimism. Young people support to education at all levels continues to grow. today spend more years in school than their parents Whereas Federal grants amounted to $3.4 billion in and grandparents did. There is an increased emphasis 1965,in1975theyareexpectedtoreach on education for a career: most young people $143 billion. Grants to higher education have more graduate from high school, while many go on to some than tripled during the past decade, and aid to form of postsecondary education. In public schools, elementary and secondary education has increased there are fewer pupils per teacher than in earlier more than fivefold. The largest percentage increase, years, and the teachers tend to be better paid than however, is in grants for vocational technical and their predecessors. Efforts to support education (both continuing education, which is more than seven times in actual dollars and as a percentage of the GNP) have as great in 1975 as in 1965. This support reflects the reached new peaks. It appears that some progress is widely held view that more students should b.; being made.

3

571-602 0 - 75 - 2 Figure 1.The structure of education in the United States

Postdoctoral Study and Research Ph. O. or Advanced 41k. 2 Professional 24 7 Degree Doctor's Degree Study 23 Master's 11/ Professional Degree 4110* 5 ft 22 Master's Degree Study 11 (Teaching, Bachelor's 4fr meatehle, Degree '1. 21Urtergraduate: Theology, 4 fa' Liberal Arts or General Law, Eta)3 Associate 20 Degree or 11111' 19Antor 2 Certificate CommunityTechnical Undergraduate: Collegesinstitutes Liberal Arts or General 18 4 1

High School Diploma 17 Senior 16 44ear High Schools High Schools Combine4 15 16. Junloreenlor High Sahoole 14 Junior 13 (8=16 High Schools 12 7 db. 411! 6 11 OAS 10 5 9 4 Elementary for Primary) Schools 8 3 2 z 7 6 1

5 Kindergartens 4 Nursery Schools NS 3 Age Grade CHAPTER I All Levels of Education

The purpose of. this chapter is to provide a broad secondary technical training not leading to bachelor's overview of education in the United States from or higher degrees. kindergarten through the graduate school. It brings An associate degree requires at least 2 years of together materials from elementary, secondary, and college4evel work, and a bachelor's degree normally higher education to present a composite picture of can be earned in 4 years. At least 1 year beyond the the American educational system. It contains tables bachelor's is necessary for a master's degree, while a which show the total number of persons enrolled in doctor's degree usually requires 3 or 4 years beyond school, the number of teachers, the number of the baccalaureate. schools, and total receipts and expenditures for Professional schools differ widely in requirements education atalllevels.Statistics on educational for admission and in length of programs. Medical attainment, on illiteracy and school retention rates, students, for example, must complete at least 3 years and on annual and lifetime income by years of school of premedical studies at a college or university before completed are also included. they can enter the 4-year program at a medical Figure 1 provides a graphic presentation of the school. Engineering students, on the other hand, can structure of education in the United States. The right enteranengineering school immediately upon side of the chart indicates the three levels of completion of a secondary school program. education (elementary, secondary, and higher); the Many of the statistics in this chapter are derived left gives the approximate age of persons at each from the annual and biennial surveys of the National level. As the chart indicates, pupils ordinarily spend Center for Education Statistics. When necessary, from 6 to 8 years in the elementary grades, followed these surveydata have been supplemented by by 4 to 6 years of high school. The entire 12-year estimates prepared especially for this volume in order program is normally completed at age 17 or 18 years. to make the tables as useful as possible. In addition, High school graduates may enter a junior college, a substantial contributions have been made by statistics technical institution, a 4-year college or university, or received from other agencies, both governmental and a professional school. A junior college normally offers nongovernmental, as indicated in the source note at the first 2 years of a standard 4-year college program the end of the appropriate tables. The data obtained and a broad selection of terminal-vocational courses. from the Bureau of the Census surveys of educational Academic courses completed at a junior college are attainment, governmental finances, and school enroll- transferableforcreditto 4-year colleges and ment by age, race, and sex are worthy of special universities.A technicalinstituteofferspost- mention for the valuable information they provide. Table 1.- Estimated enrollment In educational institutions, by level Table 2.- Enrollment in educational imtitutions, by level of instruction of instruction end by type of control. United States. and by type of control: United States, fell 1970 fell 1979 and fell 1974' Level of instruction, Publicly Privately 1ln thousands I by type of school All schools controlled controlled -.. schools schools Feu 1974 Level 01 Mar UCUCIn and type of control Pail 1973 1 2 3 4

2 3 All levels Momentary, secanderY. higher) 59,127,043 51,838,883 7,499,180 Toni elementary. secondery, and higher education 59.039 68,910 Elementary end secondary 51,592,603 45,161.503 6.431 000

Public 52,039 81,940 Kindergarten. grade 9 38,848,740 32,786,140 4,083.000 7.001 6,970 Nonpublic . Grades 9.12 and postgraduate 14,744.363 13,396.363 1.349.000 a Kindergarte..nrade 12 beguier and other sr:boosts . 50.519 60,010 Higher education 7.545.340 6.477.160 2.066.180 4 Regular public schools .. 48A09 46.000 Kindergarten 2,770.355 2.577.355 193,000 Reader nonpublic schools 4.800 4,700 Other public schools 240 240 Regular' 2,749.880 2558.880 2191.000 Other nonpublic schools 70 70 Subconscious departments of man glans of higher educetion3 6,000 5.000 1,000 Kindness ten-gredel3 Mount and other schoOlill . 36.133 34.400 Residential schools for exceptional children3 7,000 6,000 7.000 Regular public schools ...... 31,333 30.700 Federal schools for Indiens4. 8.375 5.375 Regular nonpublic schools 3.600 3,600 Federal schools on Federal instale.l. Other public schools . . 170 170 tans. 2.100 2.100 Other nonpublic schools 33 30 Grades 1-8 34.077.786 30,187.785 3,890.000 Grades 9- 12 irefaular and other 50°91112 15.388 15,610 Regular 1 33,883,448 30.015.4413 23,865.000 Regular public schools 14.076 14.300 Subcolleglate departments of MM. Regular nonpublic season 1,200 1.200 tions of higher education3 41,000 33,000 8.000 Other same schools .. . . . 70 70 Residential schools for exceptional 17.000 Other nonpublic %noose 40 40 ohilaen3 87,000 70.000 Federal schools for Indiens4 33,839 33,839 Higher education (tont degfeweredis enrollment In Federal schools on Federal installs- universities. colleges. Professionel ushoon. Michels tions3 32.700 32.700 .... . 8,900 collages. and fume college) . 8.620 Grades 9 -12 and postgraduate 14.744,363 13,396.363 1.348A00 Public 6.389 6.700 21.314.000 Nonpublic 2.131 2.200 Regina 14,845.782 13,331,762 Subconscious departments of institu- 7,700 44.000 19.000 35.000 Undergraduate. 7.397 tions of higher educationa Graduate 1.123 1,200 Residential schools for exceptional childrenS 39.000 30.000 9,000 12,201 12.201 I The 1973 figures for mom nonpublic and other elementary and micondelY Federal schools for Indiens4 Fedora schools on Federal installs- schools. and all 1974 figures. ere estimates. Surveys of nonpublic elementary tions3 3,000 3.400 and secondary schools have been conducted at less frequent intervals than those we of public schools and of mmitutions of higher education. Consequently. the ire. Higher education: estimates for nonpublic schools we ten reliable than those for other types of 7,545,340 5,477.160 2,068,180 Institutions. The 'suntan for 1974 am derived from the Increases expected Resident degme-aedit enrollment rth the long'range trend in school from population changes combined Undergraduate end fin enrollment rotes of the population. 82813.093 4.037.304 1.651.519 2 "Regular" schools include schools which are a part of State and local school professional Graduate 900.032 605,925 294,107 systems end also most nomprof Winning nonpublic agnomen y and secondary Unclassified 350.425 233,871 122,584 schools, both church.aff Mated and nonsectarian. "Other" schools include wheelies's:se departments of institutions of higher education. residential schools for exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians. and Federal schools on 1 fncludes enrollments In fecal public school system and In nonpublic schools military posts and other Federal installations. Ichurclwiffitiated end nornacterien). Excludes subcolieglete departments of Excludes undergraduate students in occupational programs which ere not institutions of higher education, residential schools for exceptional children. ordinarily creditable toward bachelor's degree. There were amuoarneray and Imderel schools. 1.089.000 of these non-degreecredit students in fall 1973. 2 Includes 'Neiman for nonreponing wheels, Includes students working toward finsprofessianal damn, ouch as SAD., a Estimated" 4 Includes path enrolled at any time during school year 1970-71. D.D.S., LL.B.. and B.D. SOURCES: (11 U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National NOTE -Fail enrollment is usually smaller than school-year enrollment, urns the totter s e cumulative figure which includes students who enroll et any time during Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Mlle Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fan 1970: Statinies of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary the year. School,. 1970-71: Fall Enrollment in Hither Education, 1970; end unpublished SOURCES U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Canter data, 12) U.8. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Stadetics for Education Statistics. Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day Concerning Indian Education. fiscal year 1971. Schools. Fen 1973. Fall &raiment M Hither Education. 1971: and estimates of the National Canter for Education Statistics. Table 3. Enrollment In 'duodenal institutions. by level of instruction and by type of Reboot: United States, 1099 1900 to hall 1970

Level of indruotion, by type of school 1999-1900 1909-10 1919-30 1928 -30 1939-40 190-50 1959-60 Pall 1969 Pe111970

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All Nods letensoritary. essondery. Iti*nol 17.10341 19.999.148 2438127920911.077 29.7115.203 31.31927: 45.121.02059.70.70969.137.80 g . Elementary and mender/ 16361,249 19343333 23,483.898 28.651.940 28257.000 28.68025042312.076 51.629391 51,592.503

Kindergarten-grade 8 18261,846 18328,635 20.953,722 23.7O,540 21.127,021 22.207,241 32A123603 37.111.390 38.848.140 Grades 9-12 and postareduste 899.403 1.115.398 2300.176 4311900 7.129979 6.053.909 9399910 14,518.301 14.744.383 saggicuingsgam Higher education 237,592 355,215 697.880 1.100237 1,494203 2959.031 13215,544 7.138375 7.545.340 .guma. Kindergarten 225.394 349.189 510,949 7614 '3 660,909 1.175,312 2,293392 2,821.213 2,770.385

Public2 I 1293370 481,265 723.443 594347 1,034,203 1322.712 2)101242 2,558380 Nonpublic: , :62219 29363 54,456 57341 133301) 354,070 $200300 0191800 Subcolleglete departments of institutions of higher education 151 15) 151 15) 151 19) $5.851 $6)30P Residential schools for exceptional "X° children (7) (7) (7) 98.164 5,777 104,469 $4900 $7,000 77.000 Peder ! schools for Indians (7) (7) (7) 3300 3.144 3.650 3,987 4,871 3.375 Pederd schools on Federal Installations .. (7) (7) (7) 17) (7) (7) 2.142 $2,100 52.100 A I 4 Grades 1-8 18,038,452 113.182.,A8 20352.773 22,96337720368.112 21331920 30,118.774 34290,177 34.077.788

Public2 14.852.202 16.604321 18,697361 20,555.180 18237,451 18.352.603 25,679.190 29395,628 30318348 70100Public2 1,147.188 1,5011218 1,455378 2.255330 2,095938 $3374.777 54285398 54.100.000 63388.000 Sulicallegiate deportment* of institutions of higher education 17) 17) 17) 17) 59,547 35,882 $50,903 $41300 $41.000 Residential schools for exceptional children 37,052 71.307 1199234 9124.163 56.854 1048,884 $119300 587.000 $87300 Federal schools for Indians (7) 17) 17) 18.944 17223 19973 24822 33951 33.639 Federal schools on Federal instaltedom .. 17) 17) 17) 17) 17) 17) 19.083 $33,700 $32.700 1. Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 699,403 1.115,398 2300,176 4,811,800 7.129379 6,03309 9,599,810 14,618,301 14.744383

Public: 519,251 915,061 2200.389 4299.422 6301,444 54724321 8.484,889 13321.710 13.331.782 Nonpublic: 110.797 117A00 213,920 341.158 457.788 $672.382 51,035.247 51,400,000 61,314,000 Subcollegiate dogmatising of Institutions of higher education 65.855 78,932 81.367 69,287 54.970 38.162 $433u9 744,000 744.000 Reddentief schools for exceptional children 3,600 4305 114,800 $4388 9,727 109.70 523,800 737.000 739300 Federal schools for Indians 17) (7) (7) 7,545 6,970 8.00 11385 12,191 12201 Federal schools on Federal Insuntations 151 151 (7) f91 (7) 151 1.000 53.400 53.400

Higher education:

Resident demeenredit enrollment 237.592 355,215 597.680 1.100,737 1.594,203 2,659321 13215,644 7.138376 7345,340

Putdidy controlled 90.09 168.500 315.382 133207 786,531 1.354,902 11,831.782 5.111,937 5.477.160 Privately controlled 148.903 188355 282.498 588,090 697,672 1.304.119 11,383.763 2324238 2968.180

I Data for first tom of the academic yam. 10 Data for 1945-48. 7 Excludes subcollegiate departments of Institutions of higher education. II Data for 1917-18. residential schools for exceptional children. and Federal schools. Data for 1911-12. SOURCES: (1) U.B. Department of Had*. Education, and Welfare, National Data from Bureau of the Census. Center for Education Statistics. Siatinicc of ems School Spawn SUS litalinice $ Estimetad. of &Mk Schools; Statinice of Nonpublic fbanentup and leccindirry &book 6 includes estimates for nonreponing school & 1970-71: scedsmic veer and foil reports on enrollment in institutions of higher 5 Date not available. education: and unsvidishad data 12) U.B. Dsparossint of Ostorneroa. Byrom of 8 Data for 1957-68. the Census. assent PopubitIon Rapala Series P.20. (3) U.S. Deperatnnt of the 9 Data for 1928-27. Interior. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Stanttks Conoanbts helms fiducation.

7 21 Table 4. -74,01111 of 11111 population 3-to 34 yens old enrolled In school; by Noe. am Ind 89o: United 818191. October 1973

t- 91, .k end other raC01 inect and other rowsce See and esp Total White Sem and am Total Whitete Total Bieck Total[Sleek ' . 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 8 .... BOTH SEXES 14 and 16 years 97.9 98.0 97.4 98.9 113 and 17 years 89.4 89.4 88.3 89.0 TOM. 3 to 34 Years 533 53.1 56.8 55.5 18 and 19 years 47.9 48 .4 44.9 43.6 20 and 21 Years 34.4 35.7 26.0 24.5 24.2 23.2 29.3 28.9 22 to 24 Veen 19.1 19.8 18.0 13.9 5 end (I years 92.6 9 1 0 90.2 89.9 25 to 39 yea rs 11 .8 12.1 9.5 8.9 7 to 9 wen ...... 99.1 99.1 99.1 99.2 30 to 34 years 5.8 5.4 82 6.6 10 to 13 years...... 99.2 99.3 99.1 99.0 14 and 15 years...... 97 5 97.613 97.0 98.7 FEMALE 18 and 17 years 88.3 88.3 88.0 87.7 18 end 19 years 47.9 43.4 39.9 37.8 Too. 3 to 34 vain 50.9 50 53 .0 53 ..53 20 and 21 years 30.1 31.3 22.7 20.5 n to 24 years 14.5 14.6 13.7 12.4 3 and 4 Wars 232 22.9 28.5 28.5 25 to 29 yens 8.5 8.7 7.3 8.1 5 and 6 Wan 92.9 93.2 90.9 90.9 30 to 34 yeas 4.5 4 5 5.0 8.0 7 to 9 yews 99.3 99.3 99.2 99.2 10 to 13 Wen 992 99.3 98.9 98.9 MALE 14 and 15 veers 97.1 97.1 96.9 98.6 18 and 17 years 87.2 87.3 862 88.4 Total. 3 to 34 Team 56.1 138.8 MS me 18 and 19 Van 38.2 38.7 35.1 32.8 20 and 21 Van 28.3 27.4 19.9 17.3 3 and 4 Years 24.5 23.5 30.2 29.2 22 to 24 wan 10.2 9.9 11.6 11.1 6 and() yews 92.2 92.7 WA 89.0 25 to 211 years 6.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 7 to 9 wen 99.0 99.0 99.3 99.2 30 to 34 Wen 3.8 3.8 3 3.9 10 to 13 wan 99.2 99.3 99.3 99.1

I Include' enrollment in any type of graded public. parochial or other private NOTE. -Data are based upon a sample survey of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal school in the regular school system Includes nursery schools, kindergartens. population. Momentary schools. his schools. colleges. universities. and professional schools. Attendance raw be on either a fullume or ointment, bun, and during the day SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Cturenr or night. Enrollments in "special" schools, such as trade schools or business Population Reports Series P.20, No. 272. colleges. are not included.

Table S. - Percent of the population S to 34 years old enrolled in school, by apes Untied Stem October 1947 to October 1973

Total. 25 to 29 30 to 34 Veer 5 to 34 Byrn& 8 weal 7 to 9 10 to 13 14 end 16 f8 end 17 18 and 19 70 to 24 years years Veen veers wort years years years veers

9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 24.3 10.2 3.0 IP 1947 42.3 63.4 98.2 98.4 98.6 91.6 67.8 22 .9 1948 43.1 55.0 96.2, 98.3 911.0 92.7 71.2 28.9 9.7 1.1 1949 43.9 55.1 98.2 98.5 98.7 93.5 89.5 25.3 9.2 3.8 .9 1950 44.2 51.8 97.0 98.9 98.8 94.7 71.3 29A 9.0 3.0 2.5 .7 1951 45A 53.8 96.0 99.0 99.2 04.8 75.1 28.3 8.3 1.2 1952 46.8 57.8 96.8 96.7 98.9 96.2 73.4 28.7 99 22 11.1 2.9 1.7 1953 48.9 58.4 97.7 99.4 99.4 96.5 74.7 31.2 11.2 1.5 1954 50.0 57.7 96.8 99.2 99.5 96.8 78.0 32.4 4.1 11.1 4.2 12 1955 502 58.1 96.2 99.2 99.2 95.9 77.4 31.5 5.1 1.9 1958 52.3 58.9 97.0 99.4 99.2 98.9 78A 35.4 12.9 14.0 8.5 12 :957 53.13 60.2 97.4 99.5 99.5 97.1 80.8 34.9 5.7 2.2 1958 54.8 83.8 97.3 99.5 99.5 98.9 802 37.6 13A 82.9 369 12.7 5.1 22 1959 ... . 55.5 62.9 97 5 99.4 99.4 97.5 ...... 13.1 4.9 2.4 1980 56.4 63.7 98.0 99.6 99.5 97.8 62.8 38.4 4.4 2.0 1981 56.8 68.3 97.4 99.4 99.3 97.6 83.8 38.0 13.7

22 57.8 66.8 97.9 90.2 99.3 98.0 84.3 412 15.8 5.0 1982 4.9 2.5 1963 58.5 67.8 97.4 99.4 99.3 98.4 87.1 40.9 17.3 18.8 5.2 22 1984 58.7 68.5 98.2 99.0 99.0 98.6 87.7 41.8 6.1 3.2 1966 89.7 70.1 98.7 99.3 99.4 98.9 87.4 48.3 19.0 19.9 8.5 2.7 1908 80.0 72.8 97.8 99.3 99 3 98.6 88.5 47.2 6.8 co 1967 80.2 75.0 98.4 99A 90.1 98.2 88.8 47.6 22.0 7.0 3.9 1963 60.0 74 9 98.3 99.1 99.1 98.0 90.2 50.4 21.4 7.9 4.9 1969 80.0 78.2 98 2 111 3 99.1 98.1 89.7 50.2 239 21.5 7.6 42 1970 58.9 77.7 98 4 99.3 99.2 98.1 90.0 47.7 21.9 8.0 4.9 1971 58.5 82.5 98.4 99.1 99.2 98.6 90.2 49.2 8.8 4.6 1972 88.8 83.5 98.1 99.0 99.3 97.6 88.9 48.3 212 97.6 88.3 42.9 20.9 8.5 4.5 1973 ...... 56.4 84.1 98.6 99.1 £9.2 I

'Includes children enrolled in kindergarten, but excludes those enrolled rn SOURCES: (I) U.S. Department of COMMIfe. Bureau of the Census. Current nursery schools. Population Reports. Sarin P.20. 121 U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. (im of Education, reports on Picini:nary Enrollment NOTE.-Date are based upon sample surveys of the civilian nonsnstrluttonal population.

8 22 Table °rm. ent of the popubtien 3 to 34 years old enrolled in salted, by ape and by State: Spring 1970

Percent entailed. by age

State Tont. 3 3 and 5 and 7 to 14 and 16 and 18 and 20 and 22 to 25 to to 34 yews4 years 6 years 13 yews15 years17 yam19 years21 yews24 yews34 yam

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

UMW States 84.3 12.5 72.4 972 95.9 89.3 58A 30.7 14.6 6.1 Alabama 61.7 9.8 61.0 95.8 93.7 84.7 54.8 esa 11.3 4.1 Alaska 48.9 13.9 772 98.9 95.3 88.0 39.0 9.7 8.8 6.2 Maine 68.7 13.7 70.5 98.7 94.3 86.5 56.7 32.0 17.8 9.1 Mamas 61.0 6.2 44.4 95.6 94.1 64.7 51.9 27.3 10.3 3.8 California 55A 20.3 83.8 97.9 98.9 81.9 55.9 30.9 19.9 10.0 Colorado 65.8 18.1 78.0 97.9 97.3 912 60.3 33.6 18.8 7.8 Conneodcut 57.3 19.0 87.3 88.4 98.0 92.7 65.0 37.3 15.6 6.5 Delaware 54.4 15.9 78.5 97.6 98.7 80.7 55.8 25.8 10.5 5.7 Disalet of Columbia 50.8 25.7 81.5 96.9 95.4 87.3 ssa 34.8 18.7 9.3 Florida 54.1 19.1 73.3 97.0 94.4 803.4 64A 27.0 13.3 6.0

Geolgie 48.9 11.2 69.9 136A 93.6 81.7 47.2 21.8 9.9 3.9 Newell 52A 24.6 87.4 98.7 95.8 90.8 53.1 22.4 13.8 6.8 Idaho sea 5.3 136.7 96.7 95.3 91.8 83.5 32.0 18.1 6.7 Iliinnola 65.2 12A 80.5 97.7 969 90.3 66.8 32.2 ISA 8.0 Mame 54.0 8.6 70.5 97.6 98.8 88.2 55.3 30.9 13A 52 Iowa 68.4 7A 73.7 97.1 95.3 91.3 62.2 37.1 14.3 4.9 Kamm 55.7 11.3 74.1 97.5 96.3 90.7 60.8 34.2 18.3 6.3 Kentucky 49.5 5.9 52.3 95.8 93.2 79.7 44.9 23.5 11.3 4.2 Louisan, 53.3 11.0 65.7 98.1 93.3 85.3 60.9 25.8 11A 4.3 Moine 54.8 8.0 74.1 96.5 94.4 130.8 60.5 31.1 10.5 3.6 hbryland 54.0 15.8 79.9 97.8 96.8 892 83.4 28.2 13.5 8.8 Mossechinetts 56.7 14.0 77.5 98.3 97.5. 91.7 63.9 39.9 17.9 7.5 Michigan 58.7 10.2 81.8 98A 97.4 90.9 66.9 32.2 16.7 8.7 Minnesota 57.2 8.5 73.2 98.2 97.5 96.1 62.8 38.9 15.5 5.5 Mielbeippl 53.8 13.2 60.4 94.7 92.3 813 54.8 27A 10.8 3.8 Mbsouri 54.3 10.1 74.1 97.1 96.8 87.8 64.2 31.0 14.1 5.8 Montana 573 5.8 59.4 97.6 96.8 92A 83.7 38.7 17.9 LC Nebraska 57.3 10.1 77A 97.4 96.8 92.5 64.0 38.8 17.2 8.8 Nevada 60.0 10.7 79.4 96.7 97.4 89.2 45.7 17.6 9.5 4.8 New Hampshire 52.8 8.0 68.1 96.5 96.3 87.2 60.3 34.8 12.2 4.4 New Jassy 55.5 14.2 81.1 98.1 97.1 92.1 68.0 30.8 13.1 5.8 New Mexico 68.0 10.2 63.1 96.6 949 88.8 66.8 27.5 5.8 7.5 New York 64.8 16.0 81.8 97.4 98.6 91.1 61.4 34.5 15.8 8.3 North Corollas 49A 9.8 52.0 98.8 94.2 83.5 . 49.8 23.9 9.8 3.4 North Darns 57.7 4.3 58.0 97.0 96.9 92.9 69.3 36.4 16A 5.4

Ohio 64.8 9.5 73.4 97.8 97.0 91.8 57.0 31.1 13A 4.0 (Mahone 54.1 11.0 70.8 989 95.2 89.8 57.1 31.8 14.8 8.0 Oregon 68.2 11.3 66.5 97.7 97.2 92.8 61.7 37.0 19.3 7.9 Pennwlmnis 65.4 10.7 78.7 97.6 913.7 91A 65.3 31.7 12.8 5.1 Rhode Island 53.5 14.3 82.3 97.9 96A 87.7 67.& 27.8 12.2 6.5 South *soffits 49.5 8.7 53.3 95.7 93.3 82.7 48.4 20.8 7.5 3.1 South Meats 60.0 7.1 72.8 97.6 95.4 92.8 68.8 402 18.7 4.7 Tennessee 49.9 8.8 64.7 95.6 92A 83.0 48.9 27.8 12.9 4.3 Texas 52.1 11.8 54.9 98.6 94.8 86.7 66.1 28.7 13.9 5.5 Utah 131.0 10.2 77.6 97.9 97.3 94.3 67.7 43.3 32.9 12.8 Vermont 64.6 8.9 89.0 99.7 94.9 90.1 64A 40.9 12.8 3.9 MOM 49.8 11.4 57.5 sea 95.2 869 53.5 23.1 10.8 4.9 Voteltington 55.3 13.6 78A 98.0 98.7 92.1 60.1 31.1 16A 7.2 %bet Virginia 51A 3.9 45A 95.2 92.7 93.8 53.7 30.2 11.5 4.0 INbconsin 57.5 9.1 76.8 98.3 97.1 911.0 61.6 39.3 15.9 5.5 Wyoming 65.6 5.9 87.1 97.2 96.7 9IA 61.1 33A 15.8 A.AMEND SOURCE: U.S. Oepertment of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Censusof Population: 1970. Oceerat 'addend 'concede Clopagenenkt. Sales PCIII-CI.

9 TON l.-PertiCipsnts In WM education. by708706of Table0. Participants in adult education, by type of mown: insbuotions United States. 1069 end 1972 United States, 1909 end 1972

Pottstown Panic pants Ion thoutenclel (In thousands) awes of oftutottion Penned t54740. I. 1072 !gee to 1972 Type of program Percent demon. 1969 1972 1989 to 1972 3 3 4 2 3 4 Toni 19,041 10.734 210.7 Total 13.041 15.734 20.7 47oor canon and onvonnon . 3.831 3.367 lonalootts ...... 2.274 3.613 14.9 6out colngn and tonnual General education 3,653 4,074 14.7 297 mum& . . 1.550 7.561 65.7 Occupational training 5,816 7,310 Public tlownonts9 and 'stolidity Community issues 1,202 1,545 28.5 1.970 117 Womb...... 2.200 Penal& & family living 1,580 2,209 39.8 1.554 teas 28.4 Commonly otwastacon Social arecreationel Promo onl. vout onot. and 1,895 291 bonnets whoop' .... 1.504 1.393 -7 4 team 1.552 Otitis (labor anon. pri40001117 Other & not reported 872 534 -96 ONOCIIMOM halPiteK II 7 tuton) ...... 2.562 3.360 NOTE.-Details do not add to totals because some prrtielpentsenrolled In mote 54 to 81A than one tv04 of program.

1 Om to 1969 am to nobloc schools only. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, end Weft,. National Cents Adult Education Participann andfbrOcIparfon. NOTE.-04mir donot odd to town booms soonoorliospontil roNOnd for Education Statistics. Nonunion hom Nero than one two Pun Report. and Addt Education Plinking= and fludginaden. Pad Reportlin pros). SOURCES:U.S. Oportment of Hank EduelatOn. and Vidlank NI11101111Cnew for Education Stoosues. Adult Sefsseenan Parrielpenn and Rollciposton. 1709. Ain Regan. and Adult Educsitoos Penktpona and Antknadon. 1973 Pull Report fan tons).

Table 9. - Participants In adult basic education programs, by race or ethnic group, age, and sex: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1973

R503 or ethnic group

Age and an Total SPirnish.surnemed .._ American Puerto Mexican. Indian Black Oriental Rican American Other Odle&

7 8 9 1 2 3 4 6 _ 6 Tow 2620.281 13.800 MAO 43.954 43,366 79,328 88,848 314,568 .., , Mektotal 354.816 5,234 94.862 13,208 19.893 37,455 44,393 139,771 Women, total 40.4813 0.588. 141,774 30,748 23,403 41,873 44,465 174,588 , 16-24: Men 139.806 1,984 30,135 4430 10,973 16,048 13,022 57.214 Women 152,228 3,053 48,474 7,913 8.900 14,577 13,623 57.888 25-34: Mon 97,823 1,428 25.034 3 197 4,350 11.485 12,744 38.807 Woman 127,381 2,364 35,970 9, '17 5,976 11.613 11,389 50.202 35-44: Man 58,103 984 15,389 2,283 2,438 5,921 8,127 22,981 Women 89,132 1.792 25,651 6.404 4,494 8,508 8,195 34,288 45-54: Men 32,658 514 9.423 1.202 1,248 2,707 4,948 12416 Women 53,546 835 17,488 3.026 2,388 4,543 5.933 19,333 55-64: Man 17,489 205 5,591 627 587 986 3,825 5,847 Women 27,988 373 10,053 1,482 1,395 1.929 3.844 8.942

85 a over: Men 8.959 120 3,280 669 297 328 1,729 2,528 Women 15,190 149 6.138 2.054 510 703 1,501 4.135

* Not classified ebeythere in this table. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, Notional Center 2 Race or ethnic group, age, and sex not reported for 2,188 participants and for Education Statistics, Adult Bask Eigicadon Program Siadnica, fiscal year therefore not Included in any of these date. 1973.

10 Table 10. -Number of teachers' in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members in institutions of higher education: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72 ...-- - 1979 30 1939 40 1949- 60 1969- 80 1989-70 1971-72 Level of institution, by type of school - Men Women Men Women Men Women Man Women Men Women Men Women

12 13 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 II 4 __ All levels 218,375818,758 298.331 799,782MOAN 859,082887,708 1.1732501.140280 1.873.033 1224.951 1295258 750,2281,545.874 Elementary and secondary schools . 154,983 795.178 212.084 789.182221.835 823,590 430.438 1.119.314 715,890 1.534.453

Elementary schools (including kindergartens)3 68,705633,819 10,187 589,860 58,407 607,258 124,588 828.865 191.024 1.080.443 204.127 1,080,238 Public 87.239573.718 67,140508,080 52.925 536.953 117.616 718.1613 1713,124 950.343 187.827 938.538 Nonpublic 41,466460,101 3,047 N1800 15,482 170.805 58,950 1117,709 114,900 1130.100 118,300 1141.700 Secondary schools (including tumor. senior, luniorsentur, and regular high schools13 82.8139 152.405 138,384192,023 158.5313 207,741 299.239 277,971 518,7713 464.010 548,101 485,438 Public 74.537 138,774 128,837 173,440142.043 182.080275,054 248,132 480.078 418,710 507,401 428.138 Nonpublic 48.157413,631 11,547 18.583 1113,493 175,891 174,186 131,789 138.700 137.300 138,700 139,300 Motel lanw.us elementary and secondary schools Sober) Iterate departments of colleges 1,684 1,751 1,968 1,753 3.031 2.785 3.973 5,739 13.000 13.800 13.000 13.800 Publicly controlled 339 248 524 389 1,447 1,851 2,222 3,935 11,700 52,600 11,700 52.800 Privately controlled 1,225 1.005 1,444 1,384 1,584 1,134 1,751 1,804 11,300 11200 51,300 11,200 Residential schools for exceptional children 61,578 58,571 71,107 74,599 81,148 84,771 11,900 58,600 53.800 58,400 53.800 18.400 Federal schools for Indians ... 447 1,132 438 947 7513 91,035 1758 91,189 91.060 91,590 91,123 71.684 ok ". 1. er Higher education, 81,292 23,680 88247 30,570 1452131 44292227270 54238 1425,000 5121200 1483.700 5132,300 - ... . Publicly controlled 25,401 12,904 35,702 14,311 68,483 21,245 118.838 27,705 1272,100 579.200 1310,000 191,000 Privately controlled 35.891 10.878 50,645 113359 79,399 23,247 110,434 28,631 1152,900 841,100 5513,700 541.300

I Number of teaching positrons. Includes librarians and guidance and psycho. Distribution by sex estimated. logical personnel when not separately reported: excludes supervisors and 8 Date for 1945 46. principals. 9 Beginning in 1959-80, date are for the first term of the acedernic yew. 2 Includes faculty for resident instruction In degreecredit COMM excludes faculty engaged in administration, research, extension work, INC. NOTE. - Beginning In 1959-80. includes Alaska and Hawall. 3 ExCludst subcolleglate departments of Institutions of higher education, resl dentist schools for exceptional children, and Federal schools. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, NatIond Center q Oats for 1927-28. for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Mouton In the United Stalte. Estimated. Statinice of Same School System Fend* end Other Profratiaod 3f07 ht 8 Data for 19213-27. Inatinstiona of Higher Education. end unpublished date.

Table 11. - Estimated number of classroom teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and total instructionalstaff for resident courses in institutions of higher education: United States, felt 1973 end fall 19741

(Full-time and pert-time teachers and staff)

Level of instruction end type of control Fall 1973 Fall 1974 Level of Instruction and type of Control Fall 1973 Fall 1974 -.. I 2 3 1 2 3

Total elementary. secondary. and Public 1,148,000 1,135,000 Wen education 2291,000 3,008.900 Nonpublic 164,000 168,000

Public 2265E00 2.572.000 Secondary classroom teachers In regular and Nonpublic 432,000 433,000 other schools/ 1,077,000 1,093,000

Elementary and secondary classroom teachers in Public 995,000 1,012,000 regular and other schools/ 2,377E00 2283.000 Nonpublic 82,000 81,000 r Public 2,141,000 2,147,000 Higher education instructional staff for Nonpublic 238,000 238=0 resident courses (first term)3 620,000 822,000 r .. Elementary classroom teachers In regular and Public .. 424,000 425,000 other schools2 1,300.000 1290E00 Nonpublic 198,000 197,000

1 The 1973 figures for nonpublic and other elementary and secondary abaft Indians, federally operated schools on posts, subcolleglate *enrolments of and for institutions of higher education, and all 1974 figures. are estimates. colleges, and residential schools for exceptional children. For 1973, the Data for nonpublic elementary and secondary schools are not as conwhte as numbers of such teachers are estimated as 12,000 In public and 2,000 in those for public schoob: consequently, the estimates for nonpublic schools we nonpublic elementary schools: 4,000 in public and 3.000 In nonpublic not as reliable as those for public schools or for higher education. The estimates secondary schools. for 1974 are derived from expected enrollment changes confined with the 3 Includes full-time and part-time stet, with rank of instructor or above, and loneerrn trend in puplitsecher ratios. junior staff, such as graduate assistants, for instruction in resident courses. 2 The figures Include elementary and seconder/ classroom tetehers In regular public and nonpublic schools and other schools, such as Federal schools for SOURCES: Surveys end estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

11 25 Table 12. Number of Noel basic administrative units (school districts), and number of schools by level and control, by State: 1972 73 ,m= 1 Public schoolsystems Nonpublic 0°0111 Institutions of higher educetiont r. State or T. other area Schools Schools Comb led School with with elementary. dimness elementary wonder/ secondary Elementary Secondary3 Public Privets grades only grades ocivi schools

2 3 4 5 8 7 a 9

United Motel 15.980 112,942 23.919 2.003 14.372 3,770 1,183 1.403

Alabama 128 830 278 550 197 76 30 21 Alaska 2b 248 71 11 13 B 1 2 Arlaona 298 594 180 2 100 28 14 8 Arkansas 387 717 503 BB 14 8 11 California 1,058 8,518 1,483 1.234 333 114 102 I I Colorado 181 807 414 151 38 21 Connecticut 188 909 248 259 95 20 28 Delaware 28 142 49 9 43 15 3 4 District of Columbia 137 52 2 49 33 3 17 Florida 87 1,341 685 86 364 118 38 28

Georgia 188 1,318 429 58 94 49 29 32 Hawaii 1 158 50 8 60 t4 8 5 Idaho 115 370 177 8 38 8 8 3 Illinois 1 090 3,449 1,095 37 1.053 172 50 es insane 312 LEO 525 78 373 51 8 38 tom 452 1.327 707 254 48 18 38 Kansas 311 1,177 528 144 32 28 24 Kentucky 190 1,146 358 217 48 8 28 Louisiana 68 842 371 213 322 108 12 I I Maine 289 851 188 12 71 38 4 13

Maryland 24 989 310 34 288 95 25 23 Massachusetts 410 1,909 510 52 477 193 30 88 Michigan 80's 2,504 1,377 47 700 170 42 45 Minnesota 444 1.199 838 15 401 81 28 31 Mississiold 150 841 407 8 188 123 24 17 89 22 48 Missouri BOO 1.593 718 432 Montane 732 855 200 49 14 9 3 13 14 Nebraska 1,404 1,533 398 0 181 48 Nevada 17 181 74 Hi 3 5 1 New Hampshire 167 385 87 Its 81 32 4 15 33 New Jersey 803 2.052 425 804 183 28 New Mexico 87 431 218 84 19 8 3 New York 754 3.123 1.117 188 IA78 420 79 148 48 North Carolina 162 1,425 444 159 142 63 68 North Dakota 375 478 284 48 12 9 3

Ohio 821 3.197 1.020 703 149 32 69 12 26 14 Oklahoma 860 1,174 718 45 Oregon 339 947 332 5 120 33 20 20 115 Pennsylvania 508 3,180 1,073 135 1,217 287 31 10 Rhoda Island 40 323 83 6 108 30 3 24 South Carolina 93 817 331 31 128 30 22 South manta 231 881 227 75 18 8 10 Tennessee 147 1,338 371 77 118 38 19 43 55 Texas 1,135 3,248 2.019 475 126 77 Utah 40 372 189 a 23 5 9 4

Vermont 27' 348 58 10 38 19 6 13 Virginia 135, 1,238 482 90 208 80 38 33 Washington 318 1,130 532 43 191 53 31 12 West Virginia 55 984 347 43 18 14 10 Wisconsin 442 1.898 820 882 85 28 30 Wyoming 80 275 113 113 I 8 0

U.S. Service Schools 0

Outlying emu: (41 (4) American Samoa 27 6 0 (41 (4l Canal Zone 15 3 0 27 8 (4) 141 1 0 Guam (4) Puerto Rico 11,643 1238 1202 /4) 2 8 /41 /41 Virgin islands 25 5 2 1

1 Data for 1970- 71. SOURCES: U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Canter 2 Includes universities, liberal arts colleges, teachers collages end other independ for Education Statistics. Stalk*? of Public Islen.9991.7 and Secondarytoy ant professional schools. and lunlor colleges. Schools, Roil I97J: unpublished data from the survey of Nonpublic Elementary Includes regular 4.year high schools. lunlor high schools, senior high schools, and Secondary Education. 1970-71: end Fad Enrollment in Higher Education, and iuniorsenior high schools. 1972. 4 Data not available. School Retention Rates

A new computation of school retention rates by FOR EVERY 10 PUPILS IN THE 8th GRADE IN FALL 1965 the National Center for Education Statistics indicates that young people today stay in school longer than their predecessorsdidadecadeago. As the accompanying chart shows, about 98 percent of the 9.8 ENTERED THE 9th GRADE IN FALL 1969 5th-graders in the fall of 1965 reached the 9th grade, 87 percentgot asfarasthe1 1 th grade, and 75 percent received a high school diploma in 1973. The proportion of young people who graduated from 9.7 ENTEREDMt THE 11th GRADE Mid IN FALL 1971 high school rose from about two-thirds in 1962 to threefourths in the graduating class of 1973. College attendance rates are also higher today than they were in the early 1960's. Currently, about 43 percent of young adults (or close to 58 percent of the recent high school graduates) enter a degree-credit program in a college or university. A decade ago 7.5 GRADUATED FROM HIGH SCHOOL IN 1973 slightly over one-third of the appropriate age group entered college. Approximately 23 percent of persons in their late teens in 1973 can be expected to graduate from college with a bachelor's degree. Ten years ago slightly more than one young person in six 4.3 ENTERED COLLEGE IN PALL 1973 went on to earn a 4-year degree. The Office of Education bases its school retention rates on 5th-grade enrollment because the high rate of retardation in the early elementary grades tends to inflatethe enrollment figuresfor these grades. Fifth-grade enrollment is regarded as a better measure 2.3 ARE LIKELY TO EARN BACHELOR'S DEGREES IN 1977 of the number of persons entering the 1st grade for the first time 4 years earlier than is total 1st-grade enrollment for that year. Compulsory attendance laws keep virtually all children in school at least until the 5th grade. fi Figure 2.Estimated retention rates, fifth grade Retention rates are based on enrollment in public through college graduation:. United States, elementary and secondary schools and are adjusted to 1965 to 1977 includeestimatesfornonpublicschools.The computations include all college students, full tune SOURCE: Table 13 ofthis report, and part time, who areenrolled in programs cred table toward a bachelor's degree. For trends in school retention rates over the past 40 years, the reader may consult table 13 of this report.

W. VANCE GRANT specialist in educational statistics

13

27 Table 13. - Estimated retention rates.1 5th grade through college entrance. In public and nonpublic schools: United States. 1924 - 32 to 1965 -73

Retention per 1,000 pupils who entered 5th geode High school graduation First. School year pupils time entered 5th wade 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th Number Year of college grade grade grade grade grade wade wade grade graduation students

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1924 25 1,000 911 798 741 612 470 384 344 302 1932 118 1920 27 1.000 919 824 754 677 552 453 400 333 1934 129 1928 -29 ...... 1.000 939 847 805 738 624 498 432 378 1938 137 1930 -31 1,000 943 872 824 170 652 529 483 417 1938 148 1932-33 1,000 935 889 831 788 684 570 510 455 1940 1130

1934-35 1.000 953 892 842 803 711 810 512 487 1942 129 1938-37 1,000 954 BBB 849 839 704 554 425 393 1944 121 1938-39 . . . . 1,000 955 908 853 798 555 532 444 419 1948 121 1940-41 1.000 968 910 838 781 697 586 807 481 1948 (21 1942 -43 1,000 954 909 847 807 713 004 539 505 1950 205

1914 -48 1,000 952 929 858 848 748 850 549 522 1952 234 1948-47 1.000 954 945 919 872 775 041 583 553 1954 283 1948-49 1,000 984 956 929 883 795 706 619 681 1958 301 1950-51 ...... 1,000 981 988 921 888 809 709 632 582 1958 308 1952-53 1.000 974 965 938 904 836 748 687 821 1960 328

1954-55 1,000 9130 979 948 915 855 759 884 642 1982 343 1956-57 .... 1,000 985 984 9413 930 871 790 728 878 1904 382 Fall 1988 1,000 983 979 981 948 908 842 781 732 1958 384 Fall 19130 1,000 980 973 987 952 913 858 787 749 1988 482 Fall 1982 1,000 987 977 987 959 928 860 790 750 1970 481

Fall 1984 1,000 9130 985 976 978 942 8138 791 748 1972 433 Fell 1905 1.000 998 983 980 980 947 874 788 749 1973 433

I Rates for the 5th grade through high school graduation are based on NOTE.-8eWnning with the class In the 5th grade in 1958, data are based on fall enrollments in successive wades in successive years in public elementary and enrollment and exclude ungraded pupils. The net effect of these changesIsto secondary schools and are adjusted to include estimates for nonpublic schools. Increase high school graduation and college entrance rates slightly. Rates for finttime college enrollment include fulltime and parttime students enrolled in programs creditable toward a bachator's degree. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center 3Data not available. for Education Statistics,Biennial Survey of Education in the United States: Statistics of State School Symons; Pall Statistics of Pub* Elementary and Secondary Day Schools:and unpublished data.

Table 14. - Level of school completed by persons 25 years old end over and 25 to 29 years old, by color: United States, 1910to 1974

Percent. by level of Percent, by level of school completed Median school completed Median school school Color. age. and date Less than 4 years 4 or more years Color, age, and date UP than 4 Where 4 OrMOM years 5 yews of of high years of coo. 5 years of of high years of cont stamen. school callow plated Omen- school college *tad tary whom or more tary school or more 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 -.... WHITE Aler) NONWHITE

25 rears old and over 25 to 29 mars old: 19101 23.8 13.5 2.7 8.1 19201 12.9 22.0 4.5 8.5 19201 22.0 lbA 3.3 8.2 April 1940 3.4 41.2 GA 10.7 8.1 12.2 19301 . 17.5 19.1 3.9 BA April1950 3.2 55.2 April 1940 13.5 24.1 4.8 8.8 April1950 2.2 63.7 11.8 12.3 April 1950 ...... 10.8 33.4 8.0 9.3 March 19711 .9 77.8 17.3 12.8 April 1960 8.3 41.1 7.7 10.5 March 1972 .8 81.5 19.9 12.7 12.8 March 1970 ...... 5.3 55.2 11.0 12.2 March 1974 1.1 83.4 22.0 March 1972 4.6 58.2 12.0 12.2 March 1974 4.4 81.2 13.3 12.3 NONWHITE

25 to 29 years old: 25 years old and over: April 1940 5.9 37.8 5.8 10.4 April 1940 41.8 7.7 1.3 5.7 April 1950 4.8 51.7 7.7 12.1 April1950 31.4 13.4 2.2 8.9 April 1960 2.8 80.7 11.1 12.3 April 1980 23.5 21.7 3.5 8.2 March 1970 1.1 75.4 18.4 12.6 March 1970 ...... 14.7 38.1 8.1 10.1 March 1972 .8 79.8 19.0 12.7 March 1972 12.8 39.1 8.9 10.5 March 1974 1.2 81.9 20.7 12.8 March 1974 ...... 12.2 44.3 8.0 11.1

WHITE 25 to 29 yews old: 19201 44.6 6.3 1.2 5.4 25 years old and over: April 1940 28.7 12.1 1.8 7.1 April 1940 10.9 28.1 4.9 8.7 April1950 15.4 23.4 2.8 8.7 April 1960 8.7 35.5 8.4 9.7 April 1980 7.2 38.6 5.4 10.8 April 1980 17 43.2 8.1 10.8 March 1970 2.2 68.4 10.0 12.2 March 1970 4.2 57.4 11.8 12.2 March 1972 1.2 6135 11.8 12.4 March 1972 3.7 60.4 12.8 12.3 March 1974 1.8 71.3 11.0 12.5 March 1974 3.5 63.3 14.0 12.4

I Egirnstes basedon retrolection of 1940 censor data on education by age. SOURCES: U.S. Dem mootof Comma or, Bureau of the Census,1960 Census of Population.Vol. 1,Pert 1 CurrentPopulationflePorft.Series P20: NOTE.- -Prior to 1950. data exclude Alaska and Hawaii. Data for 1972 and 1974 Series P19. No. and 1960 Census Monograph.Education of the American are for the noninititutional population. Population.by John K. Polars and Charles B. Nem.

14 28 Tab 15. - Median school yen completed by Perms 25 von cold endova. by Mrma, end 012101 1970

Total Men Women population, State 25 Veen Persons of Persons of old and Total White Black Spanish Total White Black Spanish WM haulage heritage

1 2 3 4 8 6 7 e 9 10 , United Sato 12.1 12.1 12.1 9.4 9.9 12.1 12.1 10.0 9.4 r , Alabama 10.8 10.7 11.8 7.4 12.8 10.9 11.8 8.5 12.5 Alaska 12.4 12.8 12.8 12.3 12.8 12.4 12.8 12.3 12.8 Arlsona 123 12.3 12.3 9.4 9.3 12.2 12.3 9.9 8.8 Arkansas 10.5 10.2 10.8 7.1 12.2 10.8 11.3 8.3 12.1 California 12.4 12.4 12.5 11.9 10.8 12.3 12.4 12.0 10.4

Colorado 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.2 10.0 12.4 12.4 12.2 9.8 Connecticut 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.8 10.4 12.2 12.2 11.0 9.8 Delmore 12.1 12.1 12.3 9.8 12.3 12.1 12.2 10.2 12.1 District of Columbia 12.2 12.2 15.1 11.1 13.4 12.2 12.8 11.8 12.4 Fierily 12.1 12.1 12.2 8.3 11.9 12.1 12.2 9.2 10.4

Georgia 10.8 10.8 11.8 7.3 12.9 10.8 11.5 8.3 12.8 Hawaii 12.3 12.3 12.7 12.5 12.0 12.3 12.8 12.7 11.8 Idaho 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 e.e 12.3 12.3 12.0 9.0 Illinois 12.1 12.1 12.2 10.5 9.4 12.1 12.1 10.8 9.0 Indiana 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.2 10.8 12.1 12.1 10.8 10.8 lows 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.8 12.1 12.3 12.3 11.0 12.1 Kansas 12.3 12.3 12.3 10.7 112 12.3 12.3 11.0 10.7 Kentucky 9.9 9.5 9.8 8.9 12.7 10.3 10.3 9.7 12.8 Louisiana 10.8 10.7 12.0 7.4 12.2 10.8 11.9 8.3 12.0 Maine 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.3 129 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.5

Maryland 12.1 12.1 12.3 9.5 13.1 12.1 12.2 10.3 12.8 Massachusetts 122 12.2 122 11.5 12.1 12.2 12.3 11.7 11.4 Michigan 12.1 12.0 12.1 10.2 10.4 12.1 . 12.2 10.9 10.7 Minnesota 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.0 12.2 MississloM 10.7 10.4 12.1 8.5 12.7 10.9 12.1 8.1 12.4

Missouri 11.8 11.7 12.0 9.7 123 11.8 12.0 10.3 12.1 Montana 12.3 122 123 12.3 11.4 12.3 12.4 122 12.0 Nebraska 12.2 122 122 10.8 10.8 12.3 122 11.4 11.3 Nevada 12.4 12A 12.4 10.7 12.1 12.4 12.4 10.7 12.0 New lfariodike 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.5 12.7 123 122 12,5 12.4

New Amy 12.1 12.1 12.2 102 8.4 123 12.1 10.7 8.0 Nov Mexico 122 12.2 12.3 112 9.8 12.1 122 10.6 9.8 New York 12.1 12.1 12.2 10.8 88 12.1 12.1 10.9 8.3 North Carolina 10.8 10.3 10.8 7.9 128 10.8 11.2 9.0 12.8 North Dakota 12.0 10.8 10.9 12.8 128 123 12.2 12.3 12.3

0Mo 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.3 11.3 12.1 12.1 10.8 113 Oklahoma 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.0 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.4 11.7 Oregon 12.3 12.3 12.3 10.8 12.1 12.3 12.3 11.4. 12.0 Pennsylvania 12.0 11.9 12.0 10.1 8.2 12.0 12.1 108 7.8 Rhoda Island 11.5 11.5 11.5 10.8 122 11.8 11.8 10.8 11.8

South Carolina 10.5 10.3 11.4 7.1 123 10.8 11.4 8.1 12.5 South Dakota 12.1 11.5 11.8 12.3 11.9 122 12.3 12.3 11.9 Tennessee 10.8 10.4 10.9 8.4 12.9 10.8 11.2 9.0 12.6 Texas 11.8 11.7 12.0 9.3 7.8 11.8 11.9 10.0 7,0 Utah ' 12.8 12.5 128 11.7 10.7 12.4 12.4 11.3 10.5

Vermont 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.4 128 12.3 12.3 123 12.8 Virginia 11.7 11.4 12.1 8.0 13.0 11.8 12.1 9.0 12.8 Washington 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.0 12.0 12.4 12.4 11.8 11.9 West Virginia 10.9 10.3 10.3 8.9 12.3 10.8 10.8 10.0 12.2 Wisminsin 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.0 10.2 12.2 122 10.7 10.7 Wyoming 12.4 12.3 12.3 11.3 9.0 12.4 12.4 11.0 9.5 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Como of Population: 1970, Genensi Social and Economic Charectmedeu Series PCM-C.

1S 29 Table 18, -Years of school completed by persons 25 years old and over, by Stets: 1970

Percentage distribution, by years of school completed

Number of College State persons 25 No Elementary school High school years old Total school 5 or more and Yawn 1 to 4 8 or 6 7 8 1 to 3 4 i to 3 4 over completed Yeah Veers Wen yea" yeas years years years years

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6.1 4.6 United Sane 109,899.359 100.0 1.6 3.8 5.7 4.4 12.8 19.4 31.1 10.6 25.0 7.5 5.1 2.7 Alabama 1.808.798 100.0 2A 8.3 10.7 8.5 8.9 21.9 12.7 14.9 7.8 6A Alaska 134.948 100.0 2.5 3.4 3.1 2.3 7.1 14.9 915,737 100.0 2.5 3.6 4.5 3.2 11.0 17.1 31.6 13.9 6.7 6.9 Anions 7.6 4.2 2.5 Arkansas 1.057.512 100.0 2.1 8.9 5.8 15.2 19.9 25.6 7.0 6.5 California 10275,9133 100.0 1.5 2.8 4.0 2.7 82 17.6 32.8 16A 6A Colorado 1.141.138 100.0 1.0 2.2 3.1 2.7 11.1 18.1 34A 14.8 8.5 7.8 8.9 Connecticut 1.685298 100A 1.8 2.5 4.8 4.1 12.9 17.9 31.7 10.7 7.5 5.6 Delaware 287.395 100.0 1.2 2.6 4.9 4.1 10.5 22.1 31.7 9.8 9.7 District of Columbia 423.061 100.0 1.2 4.1 8.3 4.6 7.7 20.9 26.2 11.2 8.1 Plaids 3067.881 100.0 1.6 4.3 8.4 4.1 11.4 19.6 30.7 11.6 6.3 4.0 3.2 Georgia 2.355.810 100.0 2.2 8.9 9.3 7.5 8.4 23.2 22A 9.0 6.1 7.7 8.3 Hawaii 384,843 100.0 3.0 5.3 5.8 2.5 8.2 13.3 35.9 12.0 6.2 3.8 Idaho 368.912 100.0 .7 1.6 2.6 2.6 14.3 18.7 34.13 15.0 Illinois 6.089.328 100.0 1.2 2.9 4.6 3.7 16.2 18.8 31.9 10.4 6.0 4.3 Indians 2,746,414 100.0 .9 2.3 4.1 3.9 15A 20.5 38.1 8.5 4.5 3.9

Iowa 1.540,588 100.0 .6 1.3 2.7 3.0 18.5 15.0 38.7 11.1 5.5 3.6 6.6 4.8 Kansas 1,225,988 100.0 .7 1.6 2.8 3.1 16.1 15.8 35A 12.7 Kentucky 1,713,298 100.0 1.7 7.7 8.3 5.9 21.2 16.6 24.1 7.2 4.2 3.0 24.7 8.5 8.5 3.6 Louisiana 1.809.914 100.0 3.9 9.2 10.3 6.4 8.7 19.2 Wine 537.823 100.0 .9 1.9 4.0 3.6 16.0 19.8 35.1 11.2 5.5 2.9 6.6 Maryland 2.082.549 100.0 1.1 3.5 7.1 8.1 9.7 20.3 29.5 9.9 7A 5.7 Massachusetts 3.142,463 100.0 1.9 2.3 4.8 3.8 9.9 18.9 34.9 11.0 8.8 5.1 4.3 Michigan 4,594,481 100.0 1.1 2.6 4.1 3.7 13.5 22.1 33.7 9.7 34.5 12.0 6.13 4.5 Minnesota 1.990.387 100.0 .7 1.7 32 3.5 19A 14.0 BA 2.7 Mississippi 1,111.788 100.0 2.7 9.7 9.3 5.3 11.7 20.3 23.9 9.0 30.8 5.2 3.8 Missouri 2.602,279 100.0 .9 3A 4.9 4.6 20.0 17A 9.3 4.1 Montana 364,508 100.0 2.0 3.1 3.1 16.2 15.7 34.0 14.1 8.9 37.2 12A 5.7 3.9 Nebraska 804.623 100.0 .7 1.7 2.8 2.8 17.3 15A 265,089 100.0 .8 1.5 2.8 1.9 8.7 19.6 38.9 15.5 6.3 4.5 Nevada 3.9 New Hampshire 397.681 100.0 .9 1A 3.5 3A 152 17.8 34A 12.3 8.9 19.5 8.8 7.0 4.9 New Jersey 4.056,608 100.0 1.6 3.1 5.8 4A 13.1 31.8 489,623 100.0 3.3 6.6 5.6 3.7 9A 17.1 30.0 12.5 6.8 8.0 New Mexico 5.6 New York 10.418.555 100.0 2.2 3.1 58 3.9 13.0 19.4 31.2 9.6 6.2 8.5 2.9 North Carolina 2.646,272 100.0 2.0 8.0 9.8 8.5 8.8 24A 21.7 8A 27.6 14.3 5.2 3.2 North Dakota 318.339 100.0 1.0 3.1 4.5 4A 26.7 11.0 35.3 8.7 5.3 4.0 Ohio 5,700,317 100.0 1.0 2.6 4.6 3.7 13.4 21.5 30.0 11.6 5.8 4.3 Oklahoma 1,422.669 100.0 1.2 4A 6.8 4.7 13.5 18.9 35.0 13.3 6A SA Oregon 1,156.024 100.0 .7 1.6 2.8 3.2 13.2 18.5 6.689,938 100.0 IA 2.8 5.7 4.5 14.7 20.6 34.6 7.0 6.1 3.7 Pennsylvania 5A 4.0 Rhode Island 524.082 100.0 2.2 3.2 6.3 5.6 12.9 23.5 29.0 8.0 20.6 6.2 2.7 South Caroline 1,283)337 100.0 2.6 9.5 10.0 7.3 8.7 24.1 8.3 31.2 13.6 5.3 3.3 South Dakota 349 ,497 100.0 .6 2.1 3.2 3.2 24.8 12.8 18.3 26.7 8.2 4.9 3.0 Tennessee 2,127,948 100.0 1.7 7.8 8.7 5.7 18.1 25.1 11A 6.4 4.6 Texas 5,817.158 100.0 3.0 6.3 7.4 BA 8.2 22A 17.4 7.6 13A Utah 492.337 100.0 .9 1.1 2.0 2.0 7.8 19.2 35.9 7.0 4.6 Vermont 232.643 100.0 .8 1.5 3.3 32 17.6 16.7 33.0 12.6 7.2 5.1 Virginia 2.446.082 100.0 1.6 8.0 8.3 8.7 7.6 20.0 25.2 10.3 14.5 6.7 8.1 Washington 1.825.888 100.0 .7 1.5 2.6 2.8 11A 17.6 38.2 7.3 4.0 2.8 West Virginia 969.436 100.0 1.6 5.8 8.8 5.6 19.1 17.6 27.6 15.7 9.9 5.8 4.0 Wisconsin 2,329,796 100.0 .9 2.3 4.0 3.7 18.9 34.8 17.1 14.8 72 4.6 Wyoming 175.849 100.0 1.8 2.7 2.4 12A 38.2 NOTE.-Because of rounding. percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of ComnIefte. Bureau of the Cerium Cenewof Populadon: 1970. General Social and Economic Charoctertnics. SeriesPC111-C1. Illiteracy in the United States

The illiteracy rate in the United States was cut in 1.0 percent of the women were classified as illiterate. half during the 1960's, according to sample surveys This may be attributed in part to the fact that women conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The latest live longer than men, and illiterates are more likely to data indicate that in November 1969 only 1.0 percent be found in the older age groups. of the population 14 years of age and over were The census surveys have consistently found that unable to reed and write a simple message in English the inability to read and write is more prevalent orin some other language. A similarsurvey among blacks than among the white population. In conducted in March 1959 found that 2.2 percent of 1870, for example, 79.9 percent of the nonwhite the persons in the same age group were illiterate. populationwereilliterateascomparedwith The Bureau of the Census has collected statistics 11.5 percent of the white. In 1900, the comparable on illiteracy since 1840, but the figures for 1840, percentages were 44.5 and 6.2, respectively. In recent 1850, and 1860 are not regarded as comparable with years, however, dramatic strides have been made those for subsequent years. Reasonable comparability towardtheeradicationof illiteracy among all has been maintained since the census of 1870. The Americans.Theilliteracyratesin1969 were data show that 100 years ago illiterates constituted 0.7 percent for whites and 3.6 percent for blacks. 20 percent of the population. In other words, the For additional information the reader may wish to proportion of illiterates was 20 times as great in 1870 consultthe Bureau of the Census publication, as it is today (see the accompanying chart). Each Illiteracy inthe United States: November 1969 generation tends to spend more years in school than (Osrrent Population Reports,Series P-20, No. 217). the generation that preceded it, and illiteracy declines The report may be obtained for 15 cents from the as the older people in the population are replaced by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government younger ones. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Traditionally, the illiteracy rate has been higher for men than for women, but in 1969 the difference W. VANCE GRANT wasnegligible: 1.1 percentofthe men and specialistineducational statistics

Figure 3.Percent of illiteracy in the population, byrase: United States, 1870 to 1869 Percent eo

70

60 Nn 50 Black and other races* 40 \ 30

20 \ Total 10". hite. 0 1870 1900 1930 1959 1969 I Data for 1989 are for blacks only. NOTE.Data for 1870 to 1930 are for the population 10 years old and over; data for 1969 and 1999 are for the population 14 years old end over. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports. Series P-20, No. 217.

17 Table W.-Percent of *does who felled to mast the mantel rooks Table 17.- Illiteracy of the pooutetloo. by Stow 1900. 1930. NW 1960 menu for Induction Into the awned melons by 60115: 1972

Number Percent illiterate Relied frontal Mentally State illiterate State Total requirements only and medically 19601 1960! 1930 1900 or disqualified other area Felled Train. 1 2 3 4 5 Total rantsl ability tests limited UMW Suns, 3255,000 2.4 42 11.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Alabama 93.000 4.2 14.0 35.1 Alaska 5,000 3.0 20.5 40.8 United States 9.9 8.7 38 3.2 3.2 Arizona 33.000 3.8 11.0 30.0 Arkansas 45.000 3.6 7.6 21.3 Alabama 28.8 18.3 8.6 9.7 10.3 California 203.000 1.8 2.8 5.3 Alaska 9.8 3.8 18 18 6.0 Arizona 78 4.4 12 32 3A Colorado 16.000 1.3 3.1 4.6 Arkansas 18.4 102 7.7 3.1 5.6 Connecticut 41.000 22 5.1 6.5 California 8.3 4.4 1.7 2.7 18 Delaware 6,000 1.9 4.4 13.2 District of Columbia 11,000 1.9 1.7 9.4 Colorado 4.5 3.0 1.8 1.4 1.5 Florida 92,000 2.6 7.7 23.4 Connecticut 4.4 2.1 12 08 2.3 Delaware 9.6 8.5 5.5 1.0 3.1 Georgia 120.000 4.5 10.4 32.1 District of Columbia 20.4 12.5 11.1 1 A 78 Hawaii 21.000 5.0 17.6 35.2 Florida 11.3 8.0 5.5 2.5 3.3 Idaho 4,000 .8 1.2 5.1 Illinois 128,000 1.8 2.7 4.8 Georgia 24.8 198 11.6 82 5.0 Indiana 40,000 1.2 12 5.2 Howell 14.7 102 48 5.8 4.1 Idaho 3.6 2.3 1A 08 1.3 Iowa 14,000 .7 2.7 Illinois 6.5 48 2A 2.4 1.7 Kansas 14.000 .9 1.4 3.3 Indiana 8.5 4.6 18 2.7 18 Kentucky 70,000 3.3 7.3 18.1 Louisiana 137.000 6.3 15.1 39.8 Iowa 3.3 2.1 0.13 1.5 12 Maine 9.000 1.3 3.0 5.6 Kansas 2.6 1.7 0.8 1.1 08 Kentucky 17.6 10.0 5.7 4.3 7.5 Maryland 41.000 1.9 4.2 12.1 Louisiana 23.7 172 12.3 48 13.5 Massachusetts 83,000 2.2 4.0 6.5 Maine 4.9 28 1.0 18 2.0 Michigan 84,000 1.6 2.2 4.8 Minnesota 23.000 1.0 IA 4.6 Maryland 7.3 4.8 4.3 0.5 2.5 Mississippi 71.000 4.9 142 30.1 Massachusetts 4.0 2A 1.0 1.4 1.8 Michilan 5.4 32 1.7 1.6 22 Missouri 62.000 1.7 2.6 7.0 Minnesota 18 1.1 0.5 0.6 08 Montane 5,000 1.0 1.9 6.6 Missisdppi 36.2 26.6 17.1 9.5 8.6 Nebraska 9.000 .9 1.3 2.6 Nevada 2.000 1.1 4.8 13.8 Missouri 38 22 12 1.0 1.7 New Hampshire 8,000 1.4 3.0 6.7 Montana 2.0 12 0.3 08 02 Nebraska 2.5 1.8 0.7 1.1 0.7 New Abaft 99.000 2.2 4.3 6.5 Nevada 7.0 4.1 2.0 2.1 28 Now Mexico 24,000 4.0 14.9 35.7 New Hampshire 4.3 2.0 0.8 1.4 2.3 New York 355.000 2.9 4.1 8.1 North Carolina 125,000 4.0 11.5 30.1 Mew SSW 7.8 5.8 2.8 3.0 2.0 North Dakota 6.000 1.4 1.7 6.1 Mew Mexico 12.1 8.8 3.4 52 3.5 Mew York 8.6 5.3 22 3.1 3.3 Ohio 99.000 1.5 2.5 4.5 North Carolina 20.4 152 8.3 88 52 Oklahoma 32,000 1.9 3.1 11.7 North Dakota 3.5 2.1 0.5 1.6 1.4 Oregon 10,000 .8 1.1 3.7 Pennsylvania 186,000 2.0 3.5 6.9 2hio 8.8 4.2 1.6 2.7 2.6 Rhode Island 15.000 2.4 5.6 9.2 Alehonse 9.8 8.3 0.6 5.8 3.6 Dragon 2.7 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.7 South Carolina 87.000 5.5 18.7 37A Pannsyhenla 6.7 3.7 2.0 1.7 2.0 South Dakota 4.000 .9 IA 5.8 Rhode island 6.0 6.1 2.4 2.7 08 Tennessee 88.000 3.5 8.0 21.9 Taxes 272.000 4.1 7.3 16.6 Muth Caroline 338 258 14.3 112 6.3 Utah 5.000 .9 IA 3.6 Muth Dakota 2.7 1.6 0.3 1.3 1.1 rennessee 20.3 13.5 7.1 6A 88 Vermont 3.000 1.1 2.4 6.4 ream 122 8.3 3.8 4.5 4.6 Virginia 94.000 3.4 9.7 24.3 Ash 4.1 28 1.7 12 12 Washington 18,000 .9 1.1 3.4 West Virginia 35.000 2.7 5.6 12.6 Ferment 4.3 2.1 0.8 1.5 22 9.1 Wisconsin 35.000 1.2 5.4 iirginie 16.0 .11.5 7.8 3.7 4.5 Wyoming 2,000 .9 1.8 4.4 Vashington 4.0 1.8 02 1.6 22 Vest Virginia 17.3 9A 6.1 4.3 78 I Estimated. Visconsin 48 3.2 1.3 18 1.7 thoming 2.4 18 0.7 1.1 0.6 NOTE.-Date refer to the population 15 years old and over In 1900 end 1930, and to the population 14 years old and over In 1980. Outlying arms:

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Current hem and Wiens Population Reports. Series P-23. No. 8. Islands 37.1 26.0 102 14.8 12.1 overt° Rico and Virgin islands 782 592 488 10.7 16.7 SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, Summary of Registrant Examinations So Seduction.

18

32 Table 19. -Occupotlon of employed persons 16 years old and over, by sox, C010f, and yews of school completed: United States, March 1973 ' Percentage distribution, by yews of school completed Total Median Sex. color, end occupation employed Elementary school High school College school lin Total , -,... years thousands/ Lees then 8 110 3 4 1 to 3 4 years completed 8 Mimi years wars years Peers or more ... ,

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10

Men MIN

AU occupation groups 45,878 100,0 6.7 7.8 17.2 38.8 15.1 18.8 12.5

Profaisiond, techvieel, and kindred workers 8,517 100.0 0.8 0.9 2.3 15.4 18.7 04.1 18.7 Mammy end adminimators, except farm 8,889 100.0 2.5 3.8 8.7 38.5 21.4 28.4 13.0 Sales workers 3.070 100.0 1.6 2.8 11.1 35.8 25.8 23.3 13.0 Clerical and kindred workers 2,995 100.0 1.8 3.7 14.0 48.4 25A 9.2 12.7 Craftsmen end kindred workan 9,952 100.0 7.1 9.9 21.3 47.8 11.4 2.8 12.2 Operatives. excel trartsporaitiOn 5,650 100.0 11,4 11.7 25.9 40.9 8.7 1.3 12.0 Transportation millnent nicalutives 2,815 100.0 10.9 11.9 27.4 39.8 8.8 1.8 12.0 Laborers, except farm 2,820 100.0 14.1 9.4 28.5 35.0 11.4 1.8 11.8 Service workers, Including private household 3.408 100.0 9.3 9.3 28.8 35.0 16.2 3.8 12.1 Farm workers 2,180 100.0 19.3 19.0 18.4 31.2 7.4 4.8 10.9 Black and QM noes

MI emotion stoups 5.014 100.0 17.1 8.8 24.0 31.4 9.0 9.1 12.0

Professional, technical, and kindred workers 417 100.0 0.7 0.2 3.8 18.6 18.8 82.8 18.8 Managers end adminiaraton, except farm 250 100.0 1.6 2.8 8.8 31.0 19.2 38.0 13.8 Sales and clerical workers 814 100.0 8.8 4.1 13.8 48.3 22.0 7.2 12.8 Craftsmen and kindred workers 877 100,0 12.4 10.2 28.4 39.7 9.4 1.9 12.0 Operatives. except tranaportetion 903 100.0 18.4 9.7 27.3 37.9 7.9 .8 11.8 TrenePortation equipment operatives 493 100.0 19.1 13.8 32.7 29.8 3.9 1.8 10.7 Laborers, except farm 790 100.0 30.1 10.9 30.1 23.9 4.2 .9 9.9 Service workers. Including private househild 805 100.0 19.7 9.4 30.8 28.2 8.9 3.2 11.1 Farm workers 185 100.0 85.8 11.5 18.8 10.3 3.8 3.0 7.2 Worms

White

AN Demotion groups . 27,962 100.0 3.9 8.8 17.1 48.6 14.2 12.7 las

Professional, technical, end kindred workers 4,324 100.0 0.2 0.7 2.3 19.0 17.7 60.2 16.5 Managers and edministraton, except farm 1,492 100.0 2.9 4.0 10.9 48.8 18.2 16,6 12.7 Ma workers 3.068 100.0 1.8 5.7 21.9 51.8 15.0 4A 12.4 Clerical and k indred workers 9,915 100.0 .8 1.7 10.8 63.8 19.3 4.4 12.8 Craftsman, operatives. and leborefe, except farm 4.389 100.0 10.5 13.4 30.0 40.8 4.0 1.2 11.8 Private household workers 811 100.0 11.1 12.8 45.3 23.7 5.2 2.2 10,7 Services workers, except private household 4,570 100.0 8.8 9.8 27.0 43.8 10.7 2.1 12.2 Finn working 385 100.0 12.3 15.9 25.3 399 5.0 2.8 11.6 Meekend other U All occupation group 3.972 100.0 11.5 5.9 23.0 38.0 12.9 10.3 12.3

Professional and manegeriel. and kindred workers: 608 100.0 1.2 1.8 4.0 20.9 17.0 55.4 16.3 Sees and clerical workers 1,068 100.0 2.3 1.0 15.0 529 24.0 4.9 14.8 Craftsmen, operatives, and laborers, enePt faan... 898 100A 14.8 8.9 31.8 39.3 8.6 .9 11.7 Private household workers 558 100.0 34.4 11.8 34.8 15.9 29 .4 9.3 Service workers, mops privets household 1,010 100.0 11.9 9.1 29.9 39.8 8.0 1.4 119 Fenn workers 32 (3) ------

I Includes persons reporting no school yam completed. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Elmo. of Labor Statistics, Special Labor 2 Includes profe:Jond and technical workers end managers, officials, end Force Report No. 181, &Motional Ma:bonen of Workers. March 1973. proprietors, except farm, 3 Percent and median not shown when base b less then 75,000.

19 571-602 0 - 75 - 3 33 Tab 30. -Teal mad mousy ammo d moo 25 van old and oar. by yeas of school 'madded, ao, ad as Wad Was, 1972

Yin of othool corolead Ilementser school Nth Moo, Moo Medlin so, income. taboo, end sot Total Total Less 8 Total 1 to 3 4 Total 1 to 3 4 Of moss yews Ow 8 oompletsd Tout 4 Sot =OP

2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Numbar, OURASIVOI INN

Tool 08,997 21.0103 6.167 6,119 35.151 11.120 1.011 14240 2.471 UZI 3.1131 133 TM doom BUN 1E901 6257 5204 MOO 14,740 8214 1909 LEO 123 Prosnuee dittribution of nun with Nome

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 1002 100A 100.0 100.0 100.0 iob.o 1002 100.0

$1 1011499 or loss 1.2 12 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 02 12.0 WOO to $999 13 3.1 43 1.7 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 8.4 91,000 to 91,499 2.1 d2 62 3.4 1.3 IA 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 8.5 91,800 to 91.899 2.7 8.7 8.3 48 18 2.4 1.2 1.0 1.2 02 0.9 0.8 8.5 $2200 to $2.499 3.2 7.3 82 5.6 2.1 3.2 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.2 0.9 8.7 WACO to 13.993 2.7 5.5 8.2 5.0 2.7 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.2 1.4 1.0 82 $3.000 to 13.989 BA 11.8 12.3 11.3 4.4 8.4 3.5 2.8 3.3 2.4 2.1 2.8 9.0 $4.000 to 94.999 52 9.8 92 9.7 4.9 6.8 4.1 3.0 3.6 2.5 2.7 2.3 10.1 $5.000 to $5299 5.8 8.9 8.8 9.2 5.7 7.5 3.2 3.9 3.7 28 2.4 102 96.000 to $8893 6.3 7.3 7.0 7.7 7.1 8.6 6.5 4.0 5.4 3.0 2.9 3.0 122 97,000 to $7 6.6 6.3 52 7.1 78 6.5 7.8 4,13 5.9 3.9 4.6 3.1 12.2 WACO to 19299 13.7 10.4 8.9 12.1 17.2 16.5 17.4 10.9 14.0 8.7 9.7 7.4 12.3 $10200 to $14299 253 12.4 9.3 15.9 30,8 2A 33.6 29.0 32.9 28.1 27.8 12.6 $15.000 to $24,999 . 13.0 2.9 1.5 42 11.0 13.0 25.1 18.0 30.4 29.6 31.3 13,6 135.000 and oar 4.3 0.7 0.7 23 1.3 3.6 11.0 5.5 15.1 12.3 IU 163 Mellen Mom

Toed. di am Mal $42193 $4260 90.789 00301 97.970 09905 MAI $10.971 $14.115 $13320 $HAN

25 to 34 van 9,218 5,683 5.234 6.293 8.913 7,432 9.318 10,729 12.572 11,761 12,249 35 to 44 Years 11.035 5.960 388 8.022 10395 9,125 10,951 14295 .284 17,396 1611,385265 17,968 45 to 54 von 10.771 7.187 66,257 8.124 10,597 9.309 11,291 15,348 13,125 18294 17.283 19232 55084 van 8.902 6.140 4.957 7.335 .4978 1E159 13,731 12,073 18,493 14227 18,589 65 years and owe 3,748 3.151 2,704 3,716 4212 48.,59197 6 4,840 6.842 5.503 7.914 7243 8.500 Number, in thousands

WOMEN

Tess) 69.799 13.553 7.125 ens $3.711 10.950 24437 01.010 %ad 0.755 3.005 1.790 122 Vdth intorno 41.452 9231 6,179 42ln Mid 6,96, WOO 4419 4,517 1.910 1.990 Paroantsoa distribution of women MO Incorre

Told 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1421.0 100.0 100.0 $1 to $499 as loss 8.1 8.8 6.9 82 8.0 8.8 8.4 9.0 9.4 4.7 12.3 1500 to $999 9.0 14.9 16.9 162.7 .8 7.7 9.7 62 52 6.5 4.8 62 2.4 10.7 $1.000 to $1990 10.2 19.5 20.5 18.3 0.3 10.1 7.5 5.7 6.8 4.5 5.3 3.3 103 $1.500 to 91.999 82 15.6 17.4 132 7.7 10.1 6.5 4.6 5.7 3.5 3.8 3.3 102 MOO to $2.489 7.7 102 10.4 11.5 7.2 9.1 8.3 58 6.5 4.8 4.6 5.2 11.4 92.500 to 92,999 5.8 7.1 6.6 7.0 5.9 7.6 5.1 4.1 5.1 3.2 3.3 3.0 11.8 23200 to $3899 10.6 10.0 8.3 11,8 12.3 13.7 11.7 7.3 9.3 5.2 52 4.5 12.1 14200 to $4299 8.8 62 6.0 7.2 10.4 9.8 10.7 7.2 9.0 5.8 8.3 3.9 12.3 $5200 to $5.909 7.4 3.9 3.0 4.9 9.2 7.3 102 ea 8.7 5.2 6.0 3.8 139 WACO to 16.990 5.9 2.2 1.4 3.0 7.2 5.3 8.0 7.0 7.9 6.2 6.2 6.2 12.5 17.000 to $7.989 5.3 12 1.0 3.0 5.8 3.9 6.6 8.3 7.5 ea 10.7 5.5 12.7 18.000 to 19.999 5.9 13 02 1.7 52 3.1 6.7 12.0 9.3 14.7 142 . 14.6 122 $10,000 to $14299 5.1 0.7 0.5 OA 3.6 18 4.3 13.8 7.3 19.9 15.1 29.1 14.8 915.000 to 924299 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 OA 0.2 OA 3.1 1.3 4,111 2.7 62 163 126.000 and over 0.3 111 111 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.6 14.0 Medlar beam Tow. di ow 13.031 $1.817 $1254 12.039 10.379 $3257 Mos 14.131 MOT 98.397 SUN 25 to 34 aeon 3.805 2.038 1,777 2,338 3,499 2,844 3.765 5,489 4,375 6.703 6,318 7.731 35 to 44 veal 3282 2.800 2,623 3.047 3.824 3257 4,128 5,387 4,148 7.421 6302 9,742 45 to 54 years 4,067 2,838 2,419 3,029 4187 3,458 4.499 6,176 5,025 5,208 7,083 10.3as 55 to 04 yews 3209 1208 1.857 2.371 3.49) 2235.731 3 5277 4,550 7.990 7,381 9,627 .. 66 veers and oast 1.899 1.835 1.526 1.784 2.113 1 2331.259 3.388 2.803 4.375 3,579 6,202 . I Less than 0.05 wan . SOURCE: U.S. Depaoront of Convnece. Ourseu of the Onus, Cumin Populate:In Riven" Serbs P-60, No. 90. NOTE.-13acaule of rounding. details nsa not odd to totals. Income of Men by Years of School Completed

The Bureau of the Census has recently released graduate, from $11,200 to $15,300. The increase new estimates of the average lifetime income of men during the 5.year period was thus about $1,600 for by years of school completed. These data indicate an elementary school graduate, $2,800 for a high that in the years from 18 to death an average school graduate, and more than $4,000 for a college Sementary school graduate in 1972 could expect an graduate. These trend figures are in current dollars; income of approximately $344,000; a high school that is, they make no allowance for changes in the graduate, $479,000; a college graduate, $711,000; purchasing power of the dollar between 1967 and and a person with one or more years of graduate 1972. study, $824,000. Not all of these variations in lifetime and annual According to the income data presented in the income should be attributed todifferences in accompanying chart, an average college graduate can educational attainment. A number of other factors, look forward to half again as much income as a high includingability,motivation,opportunitiesfor school graduate who fails to enter college. The holder employment, and family background, influence the of a bachelor's degree can expect more than twice as level of income an individual will eventually attain. much income as a person who leaves school after Nevertheless, it would appear that the number of completing the 8th grade. And a man who has years spent in school does have an important effect completed five or more years of college can anticipate upon future earning power. an income which is nearly three times as great as that These data are derived from sample surveys of the of an elementary school dropout. population. They are subject to sampling variability Recent trends in annual income by years of school as well as to errors of response and nonreporting. For completed have also been made available by the more detailed information, the reader may wish to Census Bureau. The income of all segments of the consult the Bureau of the Census report, Annual population has grown substantially in recent years, Mean Income, LVetime Income, and Educational but the greatest increases have occurred at the higher Attainment of Men in the United States, for Selected educational levels. Between 1967 and 1972, for Years, 1956 to 1972. example, the average income of a male elementary school graduate 25 years of age or over rose from approximately $5,200 to $6,800; a high school W. VANCE GRANT graduate, from $7,600 to $10,400; and a college specialist in educational Jtatistics

Figure 4.Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1972

Eli moon, spool 8180.000 1.111 then 8 run

8 vows 1344.000

WO Khoo! I to 3 rows 8189.000

0 vows 1479.000

Cotifoo I to 3 vows

4 Min 81 1 I.000

5 of maw oafs 0114.000

0100.000 5300.000 1480.000 11300.000 11750.000 000.000 SOURCE. U S Doponroon of Coowanco SWIM of 0111 Comm.Anna,Mow bloom.toformis Wank and fdlatbonal Mammal of Men es Mt Mood Stain. her Sextend two. 1958 le tala

21 3s Table 21, Annual income of men, by etie and by yews of school To 22.Lifetime income of men, by yams of school completed: completed: United Stems, 1986 to 1972 United Metes. 1.88 to 1972

(in current dollar) tin current dullard

Age. and yews VW! of school 1981 1968 1972 of school completed 1988 1951 1964 1968 1972 0011111101811 1958 2 3 4 5 8 1 2 3 4 5 8 1 Income from age 18 to death 18 to 24 years old

Elementary: Elementary: $151,881 $170,145 9213206 $279.997 Lew then 8 yews $1,569 $1,698 $1,931 $3,992 $3.39$ Less than 8 SIN 9131232 178.749 ,23 223,946 278.755 343,730 8 years 2,135 2.233 2,553 3.284 3.623 8 ysen 2057 High school: High school: 255,701 3013,305 399 2013 1 to 3 yews 2,201 2,204 2,288 2,500 3,423 1 to 3 years 201,825 235265 273,814 311262 371,094 478273 4 yeen 2.698 2.768 3,069 3,874 4537 4 yews 244,158 College: College: 335.100 355249 424.290 543.435 1 to 3 yews 1824 2.038 2,387 2.700 3.745 1 to 3 yesrs 278,227 372.644 454.732 478,098 607,921 757,923 4 fan Or more ti 1 3.310 3,520 4373 5.418 4 years or rear. 4 yam 1 432,817 469283 584.462 710,669 4 years 3,3E11 3,738 4,306 4,994 (I) (I) 476.116 600,641 838.119 823,7E9 5 wows or more III III if) 4.188 7,173 5 yore or mwe Income from age 25 to 64 25 yews old and over

Elementary: Elementary: $107,132 $125,044 $138,777 $174240 $230,757 Lew than 8 lawn 2.674 2,998 3,298 3,981 5,236 Less than 8 vein 1138,987 181,703 228,708 284.185 8 yews 3,831 4,208 4,520 8287 8,768 8 yews 146,059 High school: High school: 168 ,912 193265 211,343 258,455 323,718 1 to 3 years 4.387 5.161 5,853 8.769 8.449 1 to 3 yews 199,433 224,828 252,447 306,788 393,161 4 years 5,183 5,948 8.738 8,148 10233 4 won College: College: 233,317 273208 297,943 358,297 461.264 1 to 3 years 5,997 7.348 7,907 9,397 11,967 to 3 yews 4 years or more 310,697 360,951 392.006 604,780 027,288 4 yews or more 7.377 9,917 10,2134 12,938 18201 350299 7,787 488,643 4 yews ill 9,342 9.757 12218 15256 4 yews 8 yews or more 379,908 43182,027 526,997 671286902532 5 yews or more ill 9,987 11,004 13555 17,348 (t)

I Date not enlisble. 1 Date not aninble

NOTE.These arithmetic means we esdrneted from sample surveys of hove,- NOTE. Thaw arithmetic mauls sun esdnsted from ample surveys of howehokh. holds. They we subject to sampling variebIllty as well as to won of response and They see subject to sampling verbasility as wall as to WON of response end noweporting. nonnwening. SOURCE: US. Depertmant of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Annual Mean SOURCE: U.S. Depwrnent of Commerce. Swear of the Census, Annual Mean Os the United Sitter, Income. Lfletbne biome, end idneedenal A nativisent of Men In the Shifted Income. LIfithne Income. and lIdeeattonel Attainment of Sousa for Selected rem 1956 to 1972 fee Selected Yank 1956 101972

Table 23. Recision of aducedonai institutions. by Mel of instruction, typed control. and source United Steles, 1971 72 ,.-- tin thousands of dollen) Elementery end ncondsry education' near soucesont Control of insuarpon and All lents source of funds Total Revenue Nom Total, Educational Auxiliary Student Mein public revenue end weal enteranall and swim

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 - _ Total 884234433moon 826,8011,645 1198110.4114 $31.1170244 S20200,3139SUMP,MOW $1280.442 r .11. Publicly controlled 74.300.826 54.064,878 50.203246 3280284 20238.197 13.012.090 2,018255 415.377 1233,140

Government e8.1e2.859 52.778.757 48217.773 3,860.084 12,404.102 9232.161 01 325.3115 424.488 Federal 7.710.731 4.687.970 4.687,970 3.042.781 2,017,46 (4) 238.554 424,458 Bute 27278.950 19.133.258 19.133.356 8243.894 6289.897 141 83,900 01 Local (including county) 30295.178 26.977231 25.118.547 3,980,984 1.117.847 944.771 141 2292 (4) Student fees 2.818.427 682.232 682.232 2.838.195 2232,635 01 161 (41 Punta gifts end gents 616.280 616,280 322.805 01 69,936 01 All other sources 5,883,280 1.203.840 1203.840 4,679220 1.025,398 2,018,955 20268 605.684 I I Freely controlled 15.934207 652065200200r 69.600.000 iri 10234207 4897.570 1290,302 349,213 927,302 . Governrrent 4180.322 2280222 1.274748 01 176,583 558,628 Federal 1.824.088 1,924288 1.081.397 141 143,512 555,628 ewes 208245 208245 181285 (4) 32,357 14) Local (including county) 47.991 47,991 48.764 01 694 01 Student fees 3.280.784 32130.764 3,261260 141 (4) 01 Private gifts and (Pants 1,879,076 1.579275 885.468 0) 78.076 NI All other SOWN, 8.94.445 5200200 5200200 3294445 1.161.798 12130,302 94,674 371.778

1 includes *nitrated income for "other" schools. such as residential schools for 6 &tinned on T119 bob of expindintre per teecher hs punk almanory end exceptions' children. Federal schools for Indent. and Fedor& schools on secondary schools. Fednel installations. Subcolleglate *moments of institutions of higrar 7 Included In column 4. education its included under hiftor @docent% 2 Includes suboolleglete depertnunts of institutions of higher education. Excludes SIYAICES: (11 U.S. Oepertrinnt of Health. Education, end Welfare. Nonni schools of nursing not affiliated with college end universities. Center far Education Sauna. tneriffin of &am School 11punin. 1971 -72: 3 Indudos MIMa of revenue for plant exppnion and nonexpendebn funds. Animal Stostisks of bultudoor of Nips, Eklueogion,1977-72: and Includes mterfund handers. unpublished data eniletie In the National Center for Education Ganda. Den not evellette. 12) U.S. Department of the Interior. Buren of Indian Affairs. 5 Tuition and Pensportadon fees from patrons.

22

36 Table 24. - Estimated expenditures for education, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, 1973 -74 and 1974 -751 tin billions of dollars)

1973-74 1974-75

Level of instruction and Current Capital Current Capital type of control Total expenditures outlay Total expenditures outlay end mutrest2 and interest7

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 Total elementary. secondary, and highs, education $978 $88.0 $98 $107.6 $97.9 $9.6 Public 79.7 71.5 8.2 87.5 79.5 8.0 Nonpublic 18.1 18.5 1.8 20.0 18.4 1.8

A 4 4 Elementary and secondary realer and - other schools7 82.4 58.7 5.7 88.0 82A 5.8

Public 66.3 51.1 5.2 81.4 58.3 5.1 Nonpublic 8.1 5.8 .6 8.8 8.1 .5 I . Higher Wm:mono 35.4 31.3 4.1 38.5 35.5 4.0

Public 23.4 20.4 3 0 28.1 23.2 29 Nonpublic 12.0 10.9 1.1 13.4 12.3 1.1

I These estimates are based on data shown in the National Center for Education 3 ncludes other elementary and secondary schools, such as residential schools for Statistics publications Nannies of Store School Syrrenr. Marks of Higher exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, federally operated elementary Education. and Bond Sobs for Public School Porporea Expenditures of public and secondary schools on posts, end subcolleglete departments of colleges. elementary and secondary schools and all institutions of higher education for Expenditures for these schools were estimated as follows: 1973-74 end 1974-75 are derived from enrollmentchanges combined with the trendin Current expenditures par student. Capital outlay for all institutions of (In billions of dollars) higher education is dewed from the 1971-72 capital outlay. All estimates of expenditures for nonpublic end other elementary and secondary schools are Total Public Nonpublic based on the assumption that expenditures per teacher (Including donated services) are the sent as for the public schools. Some previous estimates of the 1973-74 ... 130.3 50.2 011 cost of education in nonpublic schools were based on the tau 1Ption that 1974 -76... .3 .2 .1 catsupl cans m nonpublic schools were the same as for the public schools. Since the putillteacher ratio is higher in nonpublic then in public schools, the 4 Excludesen estimated expenditure of $82 million by public, and $39 million by previous estimates were higher than those shove here. 1 nonpublic, subcolleglate departments of institutions of higher education. These Includes estimates for interest. as follows: were Included with other elementary and secondaryschool expenditures. (In billions of dollars) SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics estimates. Elementary. Higher seconders education

Pubic Nonpublic Public Nonpublic 1973-74 ... $1.7 $0.2 $0.4 $0.2 1974- 75 ... 1.9 .2' .4 .2

Table 25. -Estimated expenditures of educational institutions, by source of funds: United Stets% 1987 -OS to 1974 -75 (Amounts in billions of dollars)

1987-88 1989-70 1971-72 1973-74 1974-75 Source of funds, by level of institution end type of control Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 All levels

Total public end nonpublic $57.2 100.0 $70.2 100.0 $84.7 100.0 $97.8 100.0 8107.5 100.0

Federal 8.8 11.9 7.4 10.8 9.4 11.1 10.8 11.0 11.5 10.7 State 18.8 29.4 22.7 32.3 28.9 31.8 32A 33.1 35.9 33.4 Local 18.8 32.5 222 31.13 27.3 32.2 29.9 30.8 32.8 30.3 All other 15.0 28.2 17.9 25.5 21.1 24.9 24.7 25.3 27.5 25.8 sr r -.1, .1, Total public 45.5 100.0 58.8 100.0 88.9 100.0 79.7 100.0 87,5 100.0

Federal 5.1 11.2 5.7 10.0 7.5 10.9 8.8 10.8 9.2 10.5 state 18.7 38.7 22.8 39.8 28.7 38.7 32.1 4 40.3 35.8 40.7 Local 18.8 40.9 22.1 38.9 27.2 39.5 29.8 37.4 32.5 37.1 M other ... 5.1 11.2 5.4 11.3 7,5 )0.9 9.2 11.5 10.2 11.7

23 Table 25. -Estimated expenditures of educational institutions, by source of funds: United States, 1987 -88 to 1974 -75 -Continued (AmountsIn billions of dollars)

1967 -68 1969-70 1971-72 1973-74 1974-75 Source of funds. by level of Institution and type of control Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent

1 2 3 4 8 6 7 8 9 10 11

Total nonpublic $11.7 100.0 $13.4 100.0 $15.8 100.0 $18.1 100.0 $30.0 100.0

Federal 1.7 14.5 1.7 12.7 1.9 12.0 2.2 12.2 2.3 11.6 State .1 0.9 .1 0.7 .2 1.3 .3 1.7 .3 1.5 Local 111 13) .1 0.7 .1 .8 .1 .5 .1 .5 M other 9.9 84.8 11.5 85.9 13.6 86.1 15,5 65.6 17.3 88.5

sciEletri end sosaridnY .

Topublic and nonpublic 37.3 100.0 48.5 100.0 55.5 100:0 62.4 100.0 68.0 100.0 Federal 3.0 8.0 3.3 7.3 4.5 8.3 5.1 8.2 5.3 7.8 State 12.1 32A 18.3 35.8 19.0 34.2 22.6 38.2 24.9 38.6 Local 18.0 48.3 21.3 46.8 28.1 47.0 28.5 45.7 31.1 45.7 All other 4.2 11.3 4.6 10.1 6.8 10.5 6.2 9.9 6.7 9.9 Total public 33.2 100.0 41.0 100.0 49.8 100.0 56.3 100.0 61.4 100.0 4 Federal 3.0 9.0 3.3 8.1 4.6 9.3 5.1 9.0 5.3 8.8 State 12.1 36.6 18.3 39.8 19.0 38.1 22.8 40.2 24.9 40.5 Loyd 18.0 54.2 21.3 51.9 28.1 52.4 28.5 50.6 31.1 50.7 All other .1 .3 .1 .2 .1 2 .1 .2 .1 .2

Total nonpublic 4.1 100.0 4.5 100.0 5.7 100.0 6.1 100.0 6.6 100.0 Federal ...... State ...... Load All other 4:1' 100.0 '4'i 100.0 ii 100.0 41 i 1 iiii 6.6 100.0 Institution, of hies, educations Total public end nonpublic 19.9 100.0 24.7 130.0 29.2 100.0 35A 100.0 39.5 100.0

Federal 3.8 19.1 4.1 les 4.8 164 5.7 16.1 6.2 15.7 State 4.7 23.8 64 25.9 7.9 27.1 9.8 27.7 11.0 27.9 Local .6 3.0 .9 3.8 1.2 4.1 1 A 4.0 1.5 3.8 M other 10.6 54.3 13.3 53.9 15.3 52.4 18.5 52.2 - 20.8- 62.6 Tone public 12.3 100.0 15.8 100.0 19.1 100.0 23.4 100.0 28.1 100.0 .- Radon 2.1 17.1 24 16.0 2.9 16.0 3.6 15.0 3.9 16.0 State 4.6 37.7 63 40.o 7.7 40.8 9.5 40.8 10.7 40.8 Local .0 4.6 .8 5.1 1.1 5.5 1.3 6.5 1 A 5Z M other 5.0 40.7 6.3 39.9 74 38.7 9.1 38.7 10.1 38.7 ems- - Total nonpublic 7.6 100.0 8.9 100.0 10.1 100.0 12 0 100.0 .13A 100.0

Federal 1.7 21.8 1.7 18.8 1.9 18.8 2.2 18.8 2.3 18.6 Stan .1 1.2 .1 1.8 .2 2.0 .3 2.2 .3 2.2 Load il I .3 .1 .7 .1 .5 .1 .8 .1 .8 All other 5.8 78.7 ve 78.9 7.9 78.9 9.4 78.4 10.7 78.4

1 Len than $80 million. Since the foregoing definitions are aimed at showing sources of funds through Less then 0.05 percent. the eyes of educational institutions. the Federal figures shovel in this table are In addition to regular schools, these figures Include other elementary end different from the ones shown in the chattier on Feder*, funds for education. The secondary schools, such as residential schools for exceptional children, Federal three mein reasons for the difference are as follows: schools for Indians, federally operated elementary and seconder/ schools on II) Different items are included. For example, the tables on Federal funds posts, and subcolleglate departments of colleges. See footnote 3 of preceding show grants and loans to Individuals. which would show up in Institutional table. accounts as a receipt from tuition or smellier/ services; or they may be spent for board and room outside the institution and not be a receipt of the institution NOTE.-6schwatIons of data are as follows: from any source. 12) The same item nay be handled differently. For example, the tables on Data sources Federal funds show only basic research for Institutions of higher education. vddis Data as based on statistics shovel In U.S. Department of Health, Education. theInstitutionsinclude sane applied research grants from the Federal and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics. publications:Statistics of 3ovemment. State School Systems.bienniallY 1983-64 through 1931-72:3mM=of Pub& 13) The tables on Federal funds frequently show obligated funds, while the Moak,annually fell 1984 through fall 1973:Financial Statistics of lashes institutional figures show expenditures. Education,annually 1965-66 through 1971-72:Higher Setucadon ~mew Selected awed and gummy Data:end unpublished data in the National Center Method for Education Statistics. The total expenditures shown here were estinuted according to the method Definitions shown in footnote 1 of the preceding table. The breakdown by source of funds Total expenditures are defined as the expenditure of all money from both loans wasastirreted by first adjusfing receipt' to equate them with expenditures. and and grants and exclude only the funds used for reducing debt. Expenditures from then snuffling a continuation of the trend in the amount of receipts from cads Federal. State. and local sources are defined as institutional expenditures of all source. Equating receipts to expenditures was accomplished mei* by including grants OM not ions) of funds received from those sources. Expenditures from all loans and excluding receipts that were used for reduction df debt. other sources include all funds received by the institutions that were not received as a wan from Federal. State, and local governments. Loans from any source are included in this category.It vas estimated that in 1975 about 631 million in Federal learn to institutions of higher education wire included in the "all other" category shown hate.)

24 38 Educational Expenditures as a Percentage of the Gross National Product

Totalexpenditures for public and nonpublic consumers and government, gross private domestic schools at all levels of education from kindergarten investment, and net exports of goods and services." throughthegraduateschoolamountedto GNP thus constitutes a convenient yardstick by approximately $84.7 billion during the 1971-72 which one may appraise the level of educational school year. This outlay more than doubles the expenditures. $40 billion spent only 7 years earlier and is nearly The percentage of the GNP that went for 10 times the $8.8 billion expended in 1949-50, in education has vaned widely over the past 40 years. neither case allowing for changes in the purchasing Educational expenditures were relatively high in the power of the dollar over these periods. The rapid rise mid-1930's, exceeding 4 percent of the GNP in of educational expenditures in recent years reflects 1933-34. They later declined to a low point of the growth of the school-age population as well as the 1.8 percent during the war year of 1943-44. Except increased efforts of the Nation to provide quality for a brief period during the Korean conflict, when education for its young people. theannual investment in education tended to The accompanying chart measures the country's stabilize, there has been a steady increase in the efforts to support education since 1929-30 by proportion of the GNP spent for education since the comparing expenditures with the gross national end of World War II. Expenditures in 1971-72 were product (GNP). The GNP, which is calculated by the higher than ever before, both in terms of actual Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of dollars and as a percentage of the GNP (8.0 percent). Commerce, "represents the total national output of In table 27, both dollar expenditures and percentages goods and services at market prices. It measures this of the GNP are traced for the period 1929-30 to output in terms of the expenditures by which the 1973-74. goods and services are acquired. The expenditures W. VANCE GRANT comprisepurchasesof goods andservices by specialist in educational statistics

Figure 5.Total expenditures for education as a percentage of the gross national product: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72

25 Tebbe 16.-Ibipenditures for educedon, Inducible capitol outlay. by level Table Pt -Cron national product related to tone oonditurest of Instruction and by type of control: United States. 1071-72 for education: United Bien, 1010-30 to 1973-74

tin thousands of dollars! lamoditures for tobodion Won . . neva* Asa fixemsditenn. by Noel Total Publicly linunely Comm vie Medial yaN Tom tin Mont of of indruction controlled convened on nomonsi thousands) pots . vowel dodoes I 2 3 4 1 3 4 5 All bomb (elementary. socendatY. IMAM I 184.748.779 6118048.449 115001330 1970. 6103.095 1019 30 63031501 3.1 1931 75.810 1031 31 1.961494 3.9 Cu rant exponditures lusdeding 1933. . 51.001 1933 -34 3.294.696 4.1 mewl' 78,106.668 81.835,376 14,980,793 1935 . . 71.74, 1038.38 1.649014 3.7 Capital outlet, or Oent expansion ... 900,111 7.130.073 1023.038 90.445 193 -36 3.014.074 3.3 1939.... 90.494 1939.40 1199.593 3.5 Elementary and acondery se9i0ols3 . 51300.000 49.000.000 15,800.00o 190...... 114.810 1941-41 3.203.649 1.8 1943 ... 191.597 1943 44 3.532.007 I9 Current expenetruas tincluding 1946 111.010 1945.48 4.151.597 1.0 intenm1 50.346.108 45.141.051 35.105,097 1947 231 323 1047 -48 6114.379 1.9 Copal outlay 4,983,892 44.458049 3494043 1949 156484 1949 -60 6705.639 3.4 Madwomen through 8th grodon 33.120000 29.700.000 3.300000 1951 .... 310.404 1951-57 15.311.4118 3.4 Grades 0-12 and postgraduate!' 33.080,000 19.840.000 3040.000 1953 36(593 195 -64 13.949.678 3.8 a- lir NY 1 1965 397.980 1965-50 15,811.651 4.2 441.134 1967-55 11.119.565 49 Other elornentaly and socondery . 300.000 300.000 100.000 1557 ..... n f Hitter eduartion loicluding sub 1980 483.650 1959-00 24.712.464 5.1 1991 ...... 520.109 1951.01 19.350.306 6.8 collegiate Oceriments1 39.348.779 19,148,449 10.103.330 . 1993 ...... 590.503 1003-44 31010110 11 1965 644.804 1955-06 411.291.713 6.8 format expmditunis 25.559000 16,484,325 9075.235 1957 793.927 1957 68 57.213,374 7.2 ethostional and amoral 11200.508 12.908.783 8,293.742 Auxiliary entorpreas 3,1 78,373 101 2,131 1.388.141 1910 930.794 lees -70 71077.228 7.5 Eltudontod expenditures 1.241.372 621.3811 819.986 1971 1.054.915 19.1-71 84.748.779 8.0 Mbar undo program 1,931411 1.044.045 895.386 1973 1,294.910 197.1-74 197.830.000 7.6 Expendlines from plant funds4 3,889019 3,681.134 1.028.095 inciudes monditures of viblio and nonpublic sehoob as all leers ol educance lelenentene. aseendars. and Wed. 1 Includes an estimate for "ether" demonism and secondary whack, such at Wrested. maidintial Wads for smoptionel children. Rodent sonuola for Indians. federally opetatod slonontary and secondory schools pan, and subcollagiate NOTE.-8epnning wets 1950-60 school eon. Includes Aloes end Havoli. *annum of institutions Of higher education. I Excludas expeditious for the "other" schools described In footnote 1. BOURCeli III U.8. Obortmont of HMO. eduatice. and Welt.". Notional 3 Estimoted on the basis of expenditure per boob & .n public elementary and Center for education Steustia, dooefffoo of Sono &hoof fiyaonot Riseiref wonder, echoes. Savona of buffnafoo of Iffglor flifueoffon: and unpublided data. (3/ U.S. InJoitae capitol outlay of 8113=745 by State and local schoolhousing ilsportmont of Condom. guisou of economic Analysis. &ow of Orme autttrwidoo. flosfono Algol 11/611..tele 1911. end bly 1974. I Distribution bemoan pads-groups Oundmmten-into 8, grades 9-13, and pootgradustel estimated on the assurnpuon that the cost per pupil in grades 8-12 is 50 percent Nov than in grades K-8. 6 Excludes an weaned 8615 minim expended for dont expansion directly from currant funds 18455 million by publicly convoyed, and MO minion by pricatett controlled. institutions of minor education) .

SOURCES: 111 U.S. Deportment of Meth. Education. and Wolfe's. Nolonal Center for mss. Nn Sistretics. Ilteenfor of Sono School &oust 1971-12: FOsofetel thotbdea of haiffution of Mews EdsfeeNon.1911 -13: and unpublished data cases in the National Coma for Education Statistics. IX U.S. Diontrent of the Index, Bureau of Indian Affirm. Table 28.- Direst expenditures of State and local govamnsents for all functions and for education, by per capita amount and percent of per capita income: 1971-72

, Direct general expenditures 1971-72

State Per All functions Education capita personal income, Amount Percent Amount Percent 1971 Per of per Par of per capita capita capita capita Income* Income'

1 2 3 4 5 8

United Stets 84,195 $801.38 19.1 $311.50 'A

Alabama 3,175 699.37 18.9 222.30 7.0 Alaska 4,949 2,148.83 43.4 727.98 14.7 Arizona 3,953 782.90 19.8 385.78 9.3 Arkansas 3,080 612.38 18.7 200.44 8.8 California 4,899 979.58 20.8 338.91 7.2

Colorado 4,204 814.77 19.4 369.42 8.8 Conneotkut 5,087 828.20 18.3 316.87 8.2 Delaware 4,878 1,009.72 20.7 489.43 9.8 District of Columbia 6.367 1 ,428.00 28.7 331.88 8.2 Florida 4,050 85722 182 284.28 8.5

Georgia 3,814 877.32 18.7 257.07 7.1 Hawaii 4,838 1,181.32 24.0 379.85 7.9 Idaho 3,487 878.70 19.6 287.98 7.7 Illinois 4,808 794.12 18.5 313.19 8.5 Indiana 4,051 853.29 18.1 323.28 8.0

Iowa 3.888 731.12 18.9 338.03 8.7 Kansas 4,097 893.88 18.8 304.37 7.5 Kentucky 3,327 825.29 18.8 241.30 7.3 Louisiana 3,299 723.38 21.9 262.05 7.9 Maine 3,397 884.08 20.1 239.80 7.1

Maryland 4,801 838.28 18.2 341.23 7.4 Messachtnetts 4,545 892.82 19.8 317.52 7.0 Michigan 4,481 868.77 19.2 358.84 8.0 Minnesota 4,019 905.81 22.6 415.38 10.3 Mississippi 2,832 830.44 22.3 228.78 8.0

Missouri 4,012 083.92 18.6 277.33 8.9 Montana 3,700 818.15 22.1 32127 8.7 Nebraska 3,974 889.73 17.4 291.03 7.3 Nevada 4,880 1,029.82 21.1 337.59 8.9 New Hampshire 3,978 882.87 17.2 280.83 GA

New Jersey 4,982 802.31 18.1 301.95 8.1 New Mexico 3,258 772.91 23.7 354.18 10.9 New York 4,982 1,238.72 25.0 407.71 8.2 North Carolina 3,470 683.45 18.2 240.41 8.9 North Dakota 3,559 752.28 21.1 319.88 9.0

Ohio 4,230 838.88 15.1 284.50 8.3 Oklahoma 3,563 870.79 18.9 '153.04 7.1 Oregon 3,979 809.28 20.3 333.01 8.4 Pennsylvania 4,187 741.28 17.7 303.88 7.3 Rhode Island 4,193 722.43 17.2 270.94 8.5

South Carolina 3,181 58724 17.8 252.15 7.9 South Dakota 3,283 788.78 23.4 388.27 11.2 Tennessee 3,373 808.78 18.0 228.28 8.8 Taxes 3,743 822.02 18.8 285.18 7.1 Utah 3,434 729.30 21.2 384.87 10.8

Vermont 3.633 89023 252 332.70 9.4 Virginia 3,981 837.53 18.0 275.88 8.9 Washington 4,224 891.58 21.1 355.18 BA West Virginia 3,309 701.69 21.2 250.88 7.8 Wisconsin 3,983 831.19 20.9 381.79 9.1 Wyoming 3,879 1,087.70 27.5 485.71 12.0

1 Percentages were computed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCES: II) U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Cement Business. August 1974. (2) Bureau of the Census, Govern. mental Ffruntese In 1971-72, Series OF72, No. 5.

27 Expenditures of State and Local Governments

During thedecade 1962-72, education was highway as the second largest item in the budgets of consistently the largest item in the budgets of State State and local governments. and local governments. Expenditures for education The proportion of money spent for health and accounted for 37 cents of every dollar spent in hospitals rose slightly during the decade. In 1971-72 1962-63 and for 39 cents per dollar expended in these items together accounted for about 8 cents of 1971-72. The total spending by State and local everydollar expended. Outlays for health and governments for education rose from $23.7 billion in hospitals have consistently ranked fourth among the 1962-63 to $64.9 billion in 1971-72. expenditures of State and local governments. Here, for purposes of comparison, are some other All of the figures cited above relate to "direct major expenditures at the State and local levels, general"expenditures;thatis,theyexclude hnluGing outlays for highways, public welfare, and expenditures resulting from the operation by State health and hospitals. Expenditures for highways, for and localgovernments of utilities,stores, and instance, amounted to 17 cents of every dollar spent insurance and retirement systems. They are derived in 1962-63 but came to only 11 cents in 1971-72. On from the annual reports of the Bureau of the Census the other hand, there was a substantial increase in the onGovernmental Finances.Additional information proportion of money spent for public welfare during on the expenditures of State and local governments that decade. In 1962-63 one of every 12 State and may be found in the accompanying table and chart. local government dollars went for welfare, but by 1971-72 this had risen to one dollar in every eight. IV. VANCE GRANT During the '10-year period, public welfare replaced specialist in educational statistics

8. Dint wend expenditures of Mete end Mad governments. by function: 198243 and 197142

193243 197141

(In millions of dollars( Year Total Educe- High. PublicHealth All Year Total Educe-High. Puolic Health All San PAM wet- and other lion ways mi. and other fare hospifuns- fare hand- funs. tats tions tab dons 198243 583.977 $23.729 $11.150 95.420 $4,838 519.040 196748 $102,411 $41,158 $14,461 $ 9,857$ 7,646$29,369 19834469.30228.28611.6845.7684.91020.878 196849118.72847,23815,41712.110 8,52033,443 19844574.54828.58312,2218.3155.38122,088 1989-70131,33252.71818,42714,879 9,66937.839 19654682.84333,28712.7706.7575.91024.119 197071150,87459,41318.09518.22811.20543.738 19664793.35037.91913,9328.2186.64028.8411971.72168.87364.88619.01021.07012.88749.040 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, annual reports on Oesernmenfal Finances. CHAPTER II Elementary and Secondary Education

The United States has gone a longway toward national totals. To secure data on pupils, staff, and providing universal elementary and secondary educe- finances at the local level, the National Ceder for don for its citizens. While regulations differsome- Education Statistics conducts a survey of Statistics of what from one jurisdiction to another, itmay be said Local Public School Systems. Separate reports have in general that free public education is availableto all been issued on the pupils and staff andon the and that school attendance is compulsory between finances of local school systems. the ages of 7 and 16. A school dropout before theage In recent yearsthisoffice has expanded its of 16 is becoming a rarity in this country, and the coverage of nonpublic schools with the publication of great majority of young people graduate from high Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary school. Schools. The latest report in this seriescovers the Elementary and secondary education is offered by school year 1970-71. Valuable informationon non- some 64,900 public elementary schools, 25,900 public schools has also been made available by State public secondary schools, 14,000 nonpublic elemen- education agencies, the National Catholic Educational tary schools, and 3,700 nonpublic secondary schools. Association, and the Bureau of the Census. The largest segment of the school population is found Since much of the instruction in vocational educa- in public schools. Pupils in the regular public school tion takes place at the secondary school level, system account for about 89 percent of the total statistics on enrollment in and expenditures for enrollment in kindergarten through grade 8, and for vocational education are also included in this chapter. 92 percent of the total in grades 9 through 12. More detailed information in this area is contained in Enrollment in nonpublic schcols, whichgrew at a the annual reports on Vocational and Technical rapid pace in the 1950's and early 1960's, has tended Education issued by the Office of Education. to decline somewhat in recent years. Today about Other recurring reports of the National Center for 1 pupil in 10 is enrolled in a nonpublic (church- Education Statistics which have appeared at less related or nonsectarian) school. frequent intervals are the studies of public secondary The National Center for Education Statistics day schools, offerings and enrollments in high school obtains statistics each fall from the State departments subjects, and special educationforexceptional of education on the pupils, teachers, and estimated children. The most recent statistics from each of expenditures of public elementary and secondary day these surveys, supplemented by estimates where schools. These data are usually available within about appropriate, are summarized in the tables which 5 months after the opening of the schoolyear. More follow. comprehensive statistics on the organization, staff, In general, the statistics in this chapter relateto pupils, and finances of public schoolsare collected 48 States and the District of Columbia through the biennially from the same sources. The data from the school year 1957-58. Data for 1959-60 and sub- two surveys are published in Fall Statistics of Public sequent years also include both Alaska and Hawaii. Elementary and Secondary Day Schools and Statistics Any deviation ram this rule is clearly indicated in of State School Systems, respectively. In thesetwo the tabular presentation. publications emphasis isplaced upon State and

29 43 Table O. - Enrolhnent In %BM= public elementary and secondary day schools, by level and by Stem: Fall 1973 and 6111974

Fall 1973 Fdl 19741

Web Total Kinc 101911thm Oradea 9-12 Total Kindergarten Omele 9-12 or through end throuilh end atiwo area grade 8 postgraduate graft 8 postgraduate

1 2 3 4 5 8 7

UMW Stew 45309305 31333390 14375025 45300300 30300,000 14,900,000 . , Nelsons 770.739 534,814 235,928 784300 524.000 240,000 Atoka 82.505 80,882 21,943 81.000 59300 22.000 Arizona 521,240 387.997 159243 517.000 381300 158,000 Animas 450.114 310,555 133,449 448,000 310,01A 138,000 California 4,459,328 3380.277 1399.051 4,419300 2.998,000 1321300

Colorado 573.154 395.218 177,938 588,000 387,000 181,000 Connection 887.088 440.065 228.123 882,000 432.000 230,000 ilderwre 132,940 90,325 42,815 132.000 89.000 43.000 Mika of Columbia 138,038 101,828 34211 135,000 100300 35300 Florida 1.537,952 1.085.489 472.493 1.524300 1,014300 480300

Gaon* 1.085,881 777,831 306.060 1,075.000 782.000 313,000 Mown 178,511 124,035 54,478 177,000 122300 55,000 Moho 189.133 128,871 82,482 187300 124.000 83.000 illinob 2320,872 1309,242 711,430 2.300.000 1,577,000 723,000 radians 1307,420 834,093 373,327 1.198,000 817.000 379,000

Iowa 831.132 431,222 199,910 528,000 423,000 203,000 Karnes 450,898 308,102 152.794 457,000 302300 155,000 Kentucky 709,784 494,487 215,297 703300 484,000 219.000 Louisiana 842,152 698,268 243,898 834,000 588,000 248,000 Paine 248,467 174380 70901 243,000 171,000 72300

Maryland 911,097 840.228 270.989 902300 827300 275,000 fassaseltuents 1,205.142 840940 359,502 1.193,000 829,000 384,000 Michigan 2.123311 1338,858 884.752 2.106.000 1.410300 898300 Minnesota 900.377 801.738 298339 893,000 580,000 303,000 alheledibl 519.788 389,487 180,319 515,000 382,000 153,000

Missouri 1319,803 700,874 319.129 1,011,000 087,000 324,000 Montane 172,045 115,234 58,811 171,000 14,000 88,000 thbresica ... 323,211 220381 102,930 321.000 218300 105.000 Wads 135.408 95,401 40,005 134,000 93,000 41,000 New Harrawhire 171,482 120,351 51.131 170,000 118300 52,000

New Away 1,481,805 1,020302 452,403 1,488300 1,008,000 480,000 Now Make 283.560 190,895 92,855 281,000 187,000 94,000 New Vat 3349330 2.349.518 1399914 3.419.000 2.302300 1.117,000 North Carolina 1.173,415 814,431 358,984 1.183300 798,000 385,000 North Dakota 138302 90351 47,951 138300 89300 49,000

Ohb 2,378349 1,817374 780,975 3388.000 1,ee8300 773,000 Oklahoma 800.948 414,717 188331 696,000 408,000 189,000 Oregon 478,518 321.819 164,899 472.000 315,000 157.000 Pernsylvarb 2321,437 1,551331 789,808 2302,000 1,520,000 782,000 Rhode blind 184,634 130,419 54305 183,000 128,000 55,000

South Coronae 626,814 444,518 182,298 821,000 438,000 185,000 South Dakota 157922 108,179 51343 158.000 104,000 52000 TOMINIM 902,704 843309 259395 894,000 620,000 284,000 Tow 2.782.151 1,991.738 790,415 2.754,000 1351,000 803300 Utah 305.800 211.110 94,890 303,000 207,000 98,000

Vermont 108338 76,441 30.795 106,000 74,000 31,000 Vinsinb 1,085,295 783,006 332.290 1,078,000 738,000 338,000 Vhdtington 788,324 537,885 250,459 781,000 527,000 254,000 West Virginia 409.184 288384 123.100 405,000 280,000 128,000 Whcondn 987,022 854,845 332,077 979300 842,000 337,000 Wyoming 85391 57,270 .8,121 88,000 58,003 29300

1 r 02113143areas - 754,200 807,443 170.757 774.000 M14.000 180,000 American Swarm 10,298 8,204 2992 10300 8,000 2,000 Canal Zone 11,985 8.438 3929 12,000 8,000 4.000 Guam 27.329 20.843 8388 27,000 20,000 7,000 Puerto Rico 712,58E1 583.149 159,439 704300 542,000 182,000 Virgin Wards 22322 16,811 8,211 21.000 18,000 5300

I Estimated.

SOURCES: 111 U.S. Ospertment of ifesith. Education. and Wiliam. National Center for Education Statistics. litadnico of Public Etenentory and Sotondffy Day School; FM 1973. 121 Estimates of the National Canter for Education Statistics. Table 30. - Enrollment by grade' In full4Ime public elementary and secondary day schools: United States, 1982 -83 to 1973 -74

Grade 1962-832 1983-643 1964 -683 1985-66 1956-6731967-883 1988 -693 1989-703 1970-713 1971-723 1972-733 1973-743

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13

Number, In thousands

All grades 39,746 41.025 42,280 42.835 43,898 46,078 45,843 48,631 46.828 47,002 48.668 48.317 r Kindergarten-grade 8 29,374 29.918 30.652 31.177 31,786 32,495 32.971 33.249 33,229 92,910 31,481 31,980 4 Kindergarten 2,182 2,177 2,250 2,328 2,411 2,432 2,577 2,053 2,610 2,533 2,552 2,692 1st grade 413,9281 4.023 4.014 4,097 4.092 4,155 4,082 4,020 3,985 3,737 3,529 3,407 2d grade 3,830 4(3,7051 3,800 3.768 3,828 3,885 3,918 3,878 3,817 3,755 3,551 3,359 3d grade 3.518 3.560 413,882) 3,741 3,743 3,823 3,844 3,883 3,827 3,781 3,714 3,508 4th grade 3,391 3.467 3.523 413,6091 3.706 3,741 3,777 3,820 3,841 3,792 3.753 3,687 5th grade 3,332 3,388 3,465 3,504 413,5811 3,723 3,718 3,777 3,798 3,833 3,785 3,722 6th grade 3,190 3,289 3,382 3,433 3,492 4(3,607) 3,701 3,721 3,781 3,791 3,837 3,781 7th grade 3,140 3,241 3.363 3,408 3,528 3.614 413,13981 3,825 3,827 3,883 3.913 3,938 8th grade 3,083 3,077 3,212 3,293 3.385 3,515 3,580 413,868) 3,763 3,808 3,847 3,868

Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 10,372 11,110 11,628 11.688 12,132 12,881 12,972 13,282 13,509 14,093 14,187 14,357

9th grade 3.172 3.190 3.198 3,307 3.412 3,648 3,847 3,708 4(3.8101 3,969 3,966 3,985 10th grade . 2,981 3.006 3,085 3.057 3,173 3,369 3,441 3,541 3,606 413,7481 3,821 3,825 11th grade 2,348 2,747 2,778 2,778 2,899 3,012 3,106 3,171 3,261 3,360 4(3,398) 3,480 12th grade 1.866 2.160 2,580 2,511 2,641 2,838 2,760 2,841 2,893 3,005 3,004 413,053) Postgraduate 6 6 7 6 7 16 18 21 29 10 10 14

Percent

All grades 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Kindergarten-grads 8 73.9 72.9 72.5 72.8 72,4 72.1 717 71.5 71.0 70.0 69.8 69.0

Kindergarten 5.4 8.3 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.7 8.6 5.4 5.5 5.8 lst grade 9.9 9.8 9.5 9.6 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.0 7.6 7,4 2d grade 9.1 9.0 9.0 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.0 7.6 7.3 3d grade 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.0 8.0 7.6 4th grade 8.5 8.8 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.0 8.0 5th grade 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.0 6th grade 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2 7th grade 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8th grade 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.4

Grades 9-12 and Postgraduate 28.1 27.1 27.5 27.2 27.6 27.9 28.3 28.5 29.0 30.0 30A 31.0

9th grade 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.t 8.4 8.5 8.6 10th grade 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.5 733 7.6 7.7 8.0 8.2 8.3 11th grade 5.13 8.7 8.6 6.5 6.6 6.7 (3.8 8.8 6.9 7.1 12th grade 4.7 6.3 8.1 6.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.6 Postgraduate 151 131 (3) 131 13) (51 131 .1 13) 13)

I Enrollment In ungraded and special classes Is not shown separately but is NOTE.-Because of rounding, details may not add to totals, prorated among the grades. 2 Data derived from special studies or estimates. SOURCES: 111 U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National 3 Estimated from fell date. Center for Education Statistics,Steatites of State School Systems, 1971-72 4 Figures In parentheses, shown In normal progression, Indicate enrollments in (21 Estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics. successive grades of the pupils who entered the 1st grade in 1962-63, Including retarded card accelerated pupils. Because of retardation, school retention rates should not be calculated directly from 1stgrade enrollment. 5 Less than 0.06 percent. 45 Table 31. - Enrollment, attendeno, and length of school term in public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1971 -72 ---, - Average Average Average ADA ADA Average number State or Enrollment' daily daily as percent as percent length of of days outlying area membership attendance of of ADM term in attended (ADM) (ADA) enrollment days per pupil enrolled

7 9 1 2 3 4 5 6

United States 413.833,7110 748,176,900 43,254,272 00.2 93.5 179.3 161.7

Alabama 3820,852 790.605 746.818 90.9 94.3 175.8 169.8 Alaska 88.221 83.483 77,924 88.3 93.3 170.3 150.4 154.4 Ant One 4502.854 464.081 428,043 85.1 92.2 181.4 Arkansas 4469,904 435,930 412,405 89.7 94.8 176.0 158.9 California 44,801,550 4.520,700 $4,453.800 596.8 598.5 177.0 $171.3

Colorado 694,514 659.679 525.128 88.3 93.8 179.7 168.7 Connecticut 4875,7 34 (6) 621.461 91.8 (6) 180.0 7188.3 182.8 Delaware 137.197 133.150 124.081 90.4 93.2 180.0 .18,305 141.733 130.040 88.9 91.8 181.0 180.9 District m Columbia ...... - Florida 1.569.977 1,460,351 1,363.647 88.2 92.7 179.7 7154.9 31,136,083 1,084,170 1,000.444 88.1 92.3 180.0 158.6 Georgia 155.2 Hawaii 4182,957 182,535 168,912 92.3 92.5 178.9 Idaho (6) 175.746 90.1 (6) 180.0 162.1 41b5.110 158.4 Illinois 42,379.982 2,262,920 2,106,308 88.5 93.1 178.9 Indiana 41,230.853 1,171,209 1,112,047 90.3 94.9 182.1 164.5

Iowa 4687,393 660,165 819.602 90.1 95.3 177.2 159.7 539,772 482,859 467.163 84.7 94.7 179.9 162.4 Kansas 157.6 Kentucky 738,408 707,406 mate 90.3 94.3 174.4 168.8 Louisiana 874,488 837,275 771,940 88.3 92.2 179.8 Maine 247.031 245,858 230,978 93.5 94.0 175.0 163.7

Maryland 949.050 918,484 837.000 88.2 91.3 182.4 160.9 Massachusetts 41,191,179 1,139,1353 1.076,273 90.4 94.4 180.1 182.7 42,182.769 (6) 2.008.147 92.0 (6) $180.0 7185.8 Michigan 164.7 Minnesota 948.183 928.688 838.106 93.5 95.6 176.2 178.1 181.4 Mississippi 546.342 522,712 494,080 00.8 94.5

Missouri 1,087,868 (6) 919,749 84.5 161 9176.0 7185.6 183,083 7173,500 181,494 88.2 93.1 11180.7 159.4 Montana' 0 178.1 189.0 Nebraska 4338,522 329,399 314,858 92.7 95.8 4130,256 129,372 120,460 92.6 93.1 180.0 1136.5 Nevada 159.8 New Hampshire 169.510 184,019 153,788 90.7 93.8 178.2 1,538,367 1,526,100 1,337,129 87.0 87.7 183.6 169.7 New Jersey 154.4 New Mexico 303,319 277,596 260,106 85.8 93.7 180.0 43,519,905 3,451,323 3.108.191 88.2 90.0 180.0 168.8 New York 182.7 North Carolina 1,197.797 1,151,778 1.082.650 90.4 94.0 180.0 North Dakota 151,354 144,515 138.799 91.7 96.0 180.6 165.8 42.438,743 2,405,216 2,245,779 92.1 93.4 180.0 185.8 Ohio 158.8 Oklahoma 644,440 812,488 577,804 89.7 94.3 174.9 7164.8 Oregon 497,825 468,857 436,328 87.4 93.2 177.0 2,4110,470 2,343,320 2.179.947 90.8 93.0 181.8 185.1 Pennsylvania 157.7 Rhode Island 197,432 189,088 173.017 87.6 91.6 180.0 649,487 622,791 582,104 89.6 93.6 180.0 181.3 South Carolina 177.2 161.8 South Dakota 171,638 164,023 156,875 91.3 95.5 938,047 893,220 848.190 90.4 94,7 178.7 159.7 Tennessee 179.8 169,8 Texas 2.1312,489 2,680,811 2 4'9,248 88.9 93.2 .77,578 180.1 158.8 Utah 314.799 304,482 88.2 91.2 Vermont 105,280 (6) 103,324 99.2 161 175.5 172.3 1,109,914 1,068,478 994,317 89.8 93.2 180.9 182.1 Virginia 188.9 Washington 4805,049 797,259 746,269 92.7 93.6 180.0 180.4 182.5 West Virginia 3418,388 401,730 378,849 90.1 93.8 4999.921 969,538 899,861 90.0 92.8 180.1 7162.1 Wisconsin . 168.4 Wyoming 488,430 85,331 80,840 93.6 94.7 180.0 a======com=arw Ou6iln9 limn 184,6 173.0 American Samoa 48,018 7,987 7,517 93.8 94.1 413,120 12,868 12,169 92.7 98.0 178.0 7163.1 Canal Zone 180.0 150.5 Guam 28,939 26,243 24,201 83.6 92.2 Puerto Rico 712,482 897,409 660,992 91.4 93,3 174.0 159.0 Virgin Islands 418.860 (6) 17,880 93.7 - 180.0 71138.7

Figure for a given State Includes pupils enrolled for the first time in the United 7 Estimated by the Nations) Center for Education Statistics. States during the school year and pupils transferring to that State from 8 Legal minimum. another during the school year (except those with footnotes 3 and 4). 9 Data from published annual State report. 2 includes estimates for nonreporting States. 1°. Data from various Publishedreports. 3 Net enrollment for the school yaw. Data for 1987-88 whool year. 4 Enrollment not cumulative but as of a specific date. Not strictly comparable with those of other States because attendance figures SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center Include excused absences and enrollment is not cumulative. for Education Statistics, Statbtics of Stare School Systems, 1971 -7Z 6 Data not available. Table 32.-Age ranges for compulsory and permissive school attendance, by State. 1972

Compulsory Permissive attendances Compulsory Permissive attendence1 State attendance State attendance age range) Minimum Maximum3 age range) Minimum Maximum3 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2

Alabama 7.18 (by Oct. I) 01 Montana 7.16 8 21 Alaska 7.16 (by Nov. 2) (4) Nebraska 7.18 6 (by Oct. 15) 21 Anson 8.18 (by Jan. 1) 21 Nevada 7.17 6 (by Dec. 31) (4) (4) (4) . 21 New Hampshire 6.16 Arkansas . 7.18 (by Oct. 1) .. California . 8.18 % (by Sept 11...... ell New Jersey 8.18 5 20 (4) (4) Colorado 7.16 21 New Mexico 8.17 Connecticut 7.16 (4) New Yak 618 5 (by Dec. I) 21 21 Delaware 618 ...... 21 North Carolina 7.18 My Oct. 1) District of Columbia 7.16 (by Nov. 1) (4) North Dakota 7.18 6 (by Oct. 31) 21 (4) Florida ...... 7.18 % Ohio 618 8 21 Georgia . 7.16 19 Oklahoma 7.18 8(by Nov. 1) 21 Hawaii 618 (by Dec. 311 (4) Oregon 7.18 8 (by Nov. 15) 21 Idaho 7.18 (by Oct. 16) 21 Pennsylvania 8 17 6 (by Feb. 1) 21 (4) Illinois 7.16 (by Dec. 1) 21 Rhode Island 748 (4) Indiana 7.19 (4) (4) South Carolina 7.18 8 21 Iowa 7.18 8 (by Sept. 15) 21 South Dakota 7.16 8 (by Nov. 1) 21 (4) Kansas 7.16 8 (by Sept. 1) (4) Tennessee 7.17 6 (by Dec. 31)

Kentucky . 7.16 6 (by Dec. 31) 21 Texas 7.17 8 (by beginning of school Louisan 7.16 6 (within 4 months of (4) year) 21 beginning of term) Utah 6.18 8 18 Maine 7.16 6 (by Oct. 15) 21 Vermont 7.18 8 (by Jan. 1) 18 Maryland 7.16 6 21 Virginia 8.17 67 20 Massachusetts 7.18 (4) (4) Washington 8-18 6 21 Michigan 616 5 (by let day of school (4) West Virginia 7.16 6 (by Nov. 1) 21 year) Wisconsin 7.18 8 (by Dec. 1) 20 Minnesota 7.18 55 21 Wyoming 7.17 8 (by Seat 15) 21 Mississippi ... . 8 (by Jan. 1) (4) Outlying WNW Missouri 7.16 6 by Oct. 1) 20 Puerto Rico 8.18 5 18

I The age span for permissive school attendance refers in most cases to the age range4 Not specified in the statutes. within which persons are entitled to free public education in the elementary and 5A :Iwol board may exclude children under 8. secondary grades. Separate provisions which apply to persons of kindergarten. nursery 6 A school board may admit children who have reached their 6th birthday 641 or befpre school, or tumor college age are not included in this tabulation. Sept. 30. 2 Many States have special provisions for children who have completed a certain level of education (usually the 8th grade or higher) and who are employed. SOURCES: (1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of " Sons States have special provisions for veterans and disabled parsons. Also, the Education,State LawonCompulsory Attendance.(2) National Education Association, statutes in a few States provide that no person shall be deprived of educational research reports,High Spots in State School Legislation. opportunities by reason of age.

Table 33. - Enrollment in grades 9 -12 in public and nonpublic schools compared with population 14 -17 years of age: United States, 1889 -90to fall 1973

Total Total Enrollment, grades 9-12 and number Enrollment, grades 9-12 and number School postgraduate Population enrolled School postgraduate) Population enrolled 14 17 years per 100 year 14-17 years per 100 year All Public Nonpublic of age2 persons All Public Nonpublic of age2 persons schools schools schools 14-17 schools schools schools 14-17 years years 01 age 01 NS 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4

1889-90 359,949 3202.983 394,931 5,354,853 8.7 1949-50 6.453.009 5,757,810 695,190 8404,7813 76.8 1899-1900 . .. 699,403 3519,251 3110,797 8,152.231 11.4 1951-52 8m8.361 5,917,384 678487 8.518.000 77.5 1909-10 1,115,398 3915,081 3117.400 7.220,298 15.4 1953-54 7,108,973 8.330,585 778.408 8.881,000 80.2 1919- 20 2,500,17632,200,389 3213,920 7,735,841 32.3 1955-58 7,774,975 8.917,790 857,185 9,207400 84.4 1929-30 4,804.25534.399.422 3.4341,158 9,341,221 51.4 1957-58 8,889,188 7,905469 963,717 10.139400 87.5 1939-40 7,123,009 6435,337 487,872 9,720,419 73.3 1959-80 9,599.810 8.531,454 1,068,368 11,154,879 88.1 1941-42 8433,285 6420.544 512,721 9,749,000 71.1 1981-82 10,768,972 9,818,756 1.152.217 12,048400 89.4 1943 -44 6,030,617 5.584.856 445,981 9,449,000 63.8 Fall 1983 12,255,498 10,935,538 1,319,980 13492,000 90.8 t946 -48 8.237,133 5,664,528 572,605 9458.000 68.9 Fall 1965 13,020423 11,857,808 1.383,015 14,148,000 92.1 1947-48 8.305,188 5,875.937 629,231 8,841,000 71.3 Fall 1969 14,518,301 13,084.301 51,434.000 15,550.000 93.4 Fall 1971 15,226,000 13.888400 31,340400 16,279400 93.5 Fell 19736 15,388,000 14,148,000 1,240400 113.743400 91.9

Unless otherwise indicated, includes enrollment In subcolleglate departments of 5Estimated. institutions of higher education end in residential schools for exceptional 6 Preliminary dila. children. Beginning in 1949-50. also includes Federal schools. 2 includes all persons residing in the United States, but excludes Arm./ Forces NOTE, - Beginning in 1959-60, Includes Alaska and Hawaii. overseas. Date from the decennial censuses have been used when appropriate. Other figures am Bureau of the Census estimates es of July 1 preceding the SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, National Center opening of the school year. for Education StatIstkatStatistics of State School System Statistics of Public 3 Excludes enrollment in subcolleglate departments of institutions of higher Elementary and Secondary Day Schools: Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and education and in residential schools for exceptional children. Secondary Schools:end unpublished data. 4 Date lot 1921 28.

33 Teals 30.-H1Sto7104 tureately if WOO deseentarY end 19008079

Item 1888 70 1879.80 1889 -90 1899 1900 1909-10 1919- 20

2 3. 4 8 7

Pope MOM Imp lb. std (nsoustIonin staff

10111 Pon lemon' !thousands! . . 39.818 5a 116 82.948 75.995 90499 104.512 Population aged 5- 17 veers inclusnel itboutends1 . 121166 15.0611 18.543 ' 21.673 24.009 27.558 Prowl of total populmion rode-. 17 . 30.3 30.0 29.5 28.4 25.5 28A

Tone enrollment m Momently and Ilcondiry day scheme lthoutends1 6.879 9.887 12.723 15.503 17,814 31878

Nursery'y, kindergarten. end peals 1 8 broutends) . . . 8.793 9.757 12.520 14.984 18.899 19.378 Grades 9-19 and postpeduates Ithoueencht '80 110 203 619 015 2.200

Percent ol total Po Colston enrolled 113 19.? 20.3 20.4 10.7 208 Percent of population 5-17 years owned . 57.0 86.5 882 71.9 74.3 78.3 Percent of total enrollment in high schools nodes 9-12 and posnadustes1 . . . . 1.2 1.1 1.8 3.3 5.1 102 High school maduetes (Monsen*/ . . 22 82 III 231 Aesop daily attendance lthousendsl . . 4.077 6:144 8.154 10.633 12.827 15.150 Total number of dyes mended by all pupils enrolled Moutons) 539.053 800.720 1.098.233 1.534.823 2.011,477 2815.181 Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily 59.3 69.3 84.1 68.6 72.1 74.8 Average length of snot term lin days' 132.2 130.3 134.7 144.3 157.5 1818 Average number of days attended by each Mod mooned . . 78.4 81.1 88.3 99.0 1130 121.2 Total inaniction2 Mallbhousends I 570 7 Principle lthousends1 14 Timbers. herenans. and other nonsupervoory instructional malla (thousands) . . 201 287 364 423 533 857 Men Ithouunds) 78 133 ITS 127 110 93 women uhousendsl 123 154 238 295 413 51311 Percent men 38.7 428 34.5 29.9 21.1 14.1

Name' Amounts In thousends of dean (ureeNusesd)

Total revenue Reno . . . . 8143.195 $219 766 04133.084 8970.120 Peden Government . . . 2.475 State governments 160.085 LOOP etsurCIII. including intermediate . . 807861 Percent of revenue receipts nom Federal Government ...... State governments .. 18.5 Local sources. including intermediate . 832 Total expenditures for all WhOOls . $63.297 8713.058 8140.507 $214,968 81838.151 Current expenditures far elementary and secondary day schools 114.300 179.514 355272 891.120 Capital °obey 18.207 38.451 69.978 153.543 Innen on school debt 18212 Other eximachtures7 ' 3,977 Percent of total expenditures devoted to. Current expenditures for elementary and secondary day schools 81.3 83.5 838 83.1 Capitol outlay 18.7 16.5 164 1411 Interest on school debt 1.8 Other expenditures,

Date In undiutted dollen Average annual salary of total instructions! stalta ...... 8189 8195 8252 8325 8485 2971 Personal moonset per member of the labor foreal Tome expenditure for all schools per capita of total population 1.69 1.58 2.23 283 4.71 921 National income' per cola of total Population . . Current expenditure' 0 per pupil innaa it 131322 131827 139725 Totes expenditurel3 for day schools per pupil inADA . . 15.85 12.71 17.23 20.31 33.23 64.16 National income per pupil in A.0 A.. .. Current expenditure per thou, per pupil rn A D A 13.10 13.19 13.18 .33 Total expenditure for day mewls per der per pupil in A D A. .12 10 .13 .14 .21 .40

Date in adlumed dollars-1971-72 pumbasine poem

Average annual unary or tram instructional stall si.eao Personal intone per member of the labor bra Total expo One br all schools per mite of total opuletion 21.39 Nat. set income per capita of total population CW ..Int expenditure par pupil in A D A. .. 11528- 'cod expenditure for der scheme per Peal m A 0A 13845 National income per pope in A D A Current expenditure per day Per pupil in A D A .71 Total axpendeute for day 'chock Per day rep pupil mADA .88

Data on population and labor force are Irom the Bureau of heCAMS.and dale 0 Because of a moddicetion of the scope of "cadent expenditures br elementary on personal income and national income Irom the Office ofSIMMS and akendaV day sallneal." data for 1959-80 end liter yens are not entirety U S Department of Commerce. comparable with data for prior yens. 2 Pall enrollment Includes Willf110/ Idt0011. community colleges. and adult education. Beginning I Data for 1810 1) in 1969-90. alto includes community cervices. formerly douttred with "current 4 Prior to lqi9 20. dale are for the number of different persons employed rather eaPendlturea br elementary and Ma'am del Wheels." men number 01 poutrom Beginning with 1971 - 72. excludes community college and adult education. 0.slirbution estimated by the Office of Eduaallon school Mtn*: United Man* 1899-70 to 1971-72

1929 30 1939 40 1948 50 lose- SO 1969- 70 1971- 72 Item

8 9 to 11 12 13 14

Population. MA, aml inehuations1 staff

131.770 130.880 148,665 179,323 203.212 206.217 Total pops:Wrong ithausandel Population aged 5-17 mark inclusive 31,417 30.150 30,163 43,881 52.490 52.294 Ittiousanthl 258 23 0 203 24.5 254 25.4 Percent of total population aged 5-17 minanximai=1 Total enrollment in alimentary and smontimf 25.678 26.434 76.111 38,067 345.619 345.081 day schools Ithounmels)

Nursery. lundsrgems, and wade, 1-8 71.779 18.833 19.387 37.602 332.697 132,788 'thousands) 4.399 8.621 5.725 8.486 313.077 313,818 Grades 9-12 end inatgralustes 'thousands)

21.1 19.4 18.9 70.1 22.4 22.3 Putnam of toot population enrolled 81.7 84.4 83.2 82.2 86.9 88.1 Percent of population 6-17 yaws enrolled Portent of total enrollment In high schools 17.1 26.0 77.7 23.5 28.5 300 %ono 9-12 and postweduatas) 592 1.143 1,063 1.827 2.589 2.708 High school graduates lehousendsl 21.265 72,042 72.284 32.477 41.934 47,254 Amos dory inondanos Ithoussada Total number of days attended by all Pupas 3.672. 785 3.868812 3.964.354 5.781274 7.501.094 7874.167 anrailad (thous ands) 82.8 86.7 88.7 900 90.4 90.2 Amen of enrolled Pings attending daily 172.7 176.0 177.9 178.0 178 9 179.3 Amp length of school term (in days) Average number of days attended by each 143.0 151.7 157.9 160.2 161.7 161.7 pupil enrolled 912 962 1.464 2.253 2,322 Total Inetructioml miff (thwoods) 7 5 9 14 32 37 Supervisors (thousands) 31 32 ma 84 91 97 Principals (thousands) Taschars. 'Omens, and other nonnipovisory 843 876 914 1,387 2,131 2.187 instructional ataff4 lthousendel 140 195 196 5402 5691 5737 Man (thousands) 703 691 719 5965 51.440 51.450 Woman (thoussnds) 16.6 22.2 21.3 529.0 533.4 133.2 Percent men

Amounts in thariands of Maws lunadiusied) nrencs

12.088.557 82.250827 95.437.044 $14.748818 940703.933 1160,043,645 Total revenue receipts 7.334 39,810 1613.848 651.639 3.219.567 4,487889 Federal Government 180.085 353.670 934.354 5.768.047 19.133266 Sots gammon= 1,727.553 1.638.383 3,115,507 8,326832 20,984889 2543024320 Local sources. including intarmadlans Percent of moms mains from .4 1.8 2.9 4.4 8.0 8.9 Federal Government 18.9 30.3 39.8 39.1 39.9 38.3 8tsta governments 92.7 88.0 57.3 58.5 52.1 52.8 Local awes. hnhndbq InhInnedlete 12.318.790 112.344849 16237.643 915813268 010833.429 848860283 Total amenditwas for an schools Current expenditures for slarionoty end 1843.552 1.941.799 4.687274 612229.389 634,317,773 641817.782 secondary day schwas 370.878 267.974 1414,178 2.661.786 4,669472 058.949 Coital outlay 92.538 130.909 103,578 489.514 1.170.783 1_278.236 inmost on school debt 9.825 13,387 35814 132867 635.802 395,315 Oast weenditures5 normal cif total irmanditunn dratted so: ClInent mpsisiltums for elementary 798 82.8 80.3 679,0 684.1 687.0 and secondary day schools 18.0 11.0 17.4 17.0 11.5 9.3 Coital outlay 4.0 5.8 1.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 home on school debt .4 .6 8 .8 IS .8 Other wigninditunts7 Del. in unolusod donuts

A annual salary of toed instruntional 81.420 81.441 53.010 15..174 88.840 810,100 staff) Pommel Income per member of the labor 1.634 1.358 3.400 6.413 8,750 9.763 fora) Total itapenditura for all schools per capita of 19.03 17.91 39.27 87.07 200.20 233.01 total population National income* per capita of total 037 587 1,620 2.272 3.829 4,348 population 88.70 88.09 209.83 375.14 815.98 98987 Conant rimanditwill0 pr pupil In &OA." Total expandkural3 for day schools ow pupil 108.48 106.74 265.85 472.17 056.00 1.127.81 in ADA. 3,848 3.502 10,312 12.547 18,6136 21226 National income per pupil In A.O.A. Current smenditure per dm" Per pupil in 50 .8o 1.17 2.11 4.56 6.52 A.DA. Total wmanditura for OW WhOols per MY per .63 so 1.48 2.66 8.34 629 pupil In A.DA. Dot in adhstod dean-1971-72 poodosins pour

Avenge annual wry of total incinational 83.414 24.243 03.230 57.248 19,831 810,100 Calf 3.928 3.992 8.906 7881 9,833 9.783 Person I memo per member of the labor form Total s .pendintre foe all schools per mum of 45.75 62 73 68.24 121.94 218.12 233.01 total opantion 1.603 1,728 2,841 3,182 4.172 1E349 Nations' Moms per capita of total population 208.43 259.35 382.86 525.38 869.01 989.87 Comm .menditure per pupil In A.DA. Total ex utditure for dry schools per pupil 260.81 311.33 449 -78 661.27 13140.57 1.127.81 in A,D 9.243 10.311 17.918 17.572 20.326 21,728 National moms per NMI In A.D.R. Current'wafture per do per WWII 1.20 1 47 283 2.95 4.97 5.52 in A.D. . Total pip /Mem for day 5010045 per dry I51 1.77 2.54 3.71 6.82 8.29 par pip in A.134.

9 Includes sup mon. principal. odors, end other nOnildlOnninni Manua 14 Oarmy rpm thrived by dividing annual nos by romp length of term. tonal stet !? Excludes curnol witillnditure not Mom o to oupit oho NOTE.-Eleginning In *969.00. include Ababa and Mevwa. Because of mural% "A.DA." mans average daily amodocis in shriontary and secondary del, details may not add to totals. schools. 13 Includes interest on school debt. SOURCE U.S. Osomment of Health. %doom" and Wallets. National Canter 13 The expenditure figna used hem is ths sum of warent expenditures allocable for Education Statistics. Senbtles Sed. School System& 1971-72 to pupil costs. coital outlay, and mono on school debt.

35 571-602 0 - 76 - 4 49 Public Schools in Large Cities

Each fallthe National Center for Education Additional information on public schools in large Statistics collects basic data on the public elementary cities may be found in table 35 and in Statistics of and secondary schools in each State. In the same Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall survey, statistics are also obtained on the public 1973, which may be purchased for 85 cents from the schools in the 20 largest cities in the country, as Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government determined by the 1970 Census of Population. Data Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. from the latest survey have recently become available with the publication of a report entitled Statistics of -W. VANCE GRANT Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall specialist in educational statistics 1973. The public schools of the 20 largest cities are an important segment of American education. In the fall of 1973 they accounted for slightly more than one-tenth of all public school pupils in the country, Percent The 20 Inlet cities In the United States enrolling 10.5 percent of those at the elementary 15 school level (grades K-8) and 10.0 percent of those ,mossassoossas6 1 at the secondary level (grades 9-12). They also employed 10.2 percent of all the classroom teachers 10 in public elementary and secondary schools in the United States. There were 21.5 pupils enrolled for 5 each classroom teacher in large cities, a figure quite similar to the pupil-teacher ratio in the Nation 0

(21.4 pupils per teacher). Accounted for 14.1 Enrolled 10.3 percent Spent about 12.9 mtnitnntscitietttel of the pupils In public meant of the soul During the 1973-74 school year the 20 cities oulW for public schools population in 1970 In fad sari" in 1973.74 spent an estimated $7.3 billion for public elementary and secondary schools, as compared with about $56.0 Figure 7.-Population, public school enrollment, and public billion nationwide. Indicative of the effort large cities school expenditures in 20 large cities as a percent are making to support public education are the facts of the national total that their current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance is about 30 percent higher than the Figure 7.-Population, public school enrollment, and national average and their teachers' salaries are about public school expenditures in 20 large cities as a per- 20 percent higher. cent of the national total.

Teats N. -blond ratilha 00 909191slotwdin mid teeendste schools in 10 bets elase canoed with the UMW Stets, head: WI -74 /mop wool Po offournsos Cana ray ios oopeoloass Cd, CINIIMM 11.11001 160 111 640 140 11,04466 01,06 1411165 Oa 566441111 so asap poOssund CI 44111 1.55 004 5 5 17 40 16611 In show dish sstnalsond 001011 10shisdvilh 1661 otiondsosol stills

1 2 3 4 a a 1 I e lo vend swot 4.400 50! 3133300 14.011./711 7.125.094 114 01031 041 41.110 011.114 910103 20 alp von loas 4115.092 3150.112 1104580 312.517 714 7261155 105 III 11.423

Illooffloos Up 197.733 137.104 60 109 53 11 710 20275 1.10 11313 10.11137 fo11op. Lets 97.441 50.40 23 447 0/10 1/5 511450 120 14309 11103 00.30 in 937.315 39204 141771 13.191 737 406.41. 114/ 6,62 17943 Comovol 13160 637164 94.143 44311 1000 77 1 1411400 1244 '7100 11.709 D.W. Ilis 141.003 101.343 44.262 0.515 170 181.800 90 13 141 9.800 0641.17.01 257.334 11810 75.457 10010 373 317153 1290 11. 117.174 Memos too 315 09 1St 642 58147 5263 00 1 70 1 /1 Ill 10194 9132 asals000t 44 91.461 08.319 20 141 4 090 279 94.555 917 11,033 10163 Los 6141101 Lao 812.9.1 431.20 191355 75460 715 9041111 1.117 1410 13.403 Shosoas ear 119129 83 173 30116 100 137 125515 1101 10103 LOW 066547. ao 177452 6.242 37295 5.425 230 134.205 1113 148/3 14002 Nu Wood Ls VI BM 11220 37.490 4 130 209 100.500 1/170 9 110 100 NM71g5, 'I V 11 103.234 1111.012 30 157 0000 154 1.434103 120 1001 14200 3606260 04 757907 10075 53114 1111313 375 451.715 1 Pm 13219 13.001 hems 46.1 175.115 170.191 55 974 1141 217 553.111 'MI 11.64 10117 31 Laos No 09 095 .066 30301 4163 71 7 10.011 1125 11,37 11 365 Us MMus Us 70477 0.404 31114 7.097 135 10321 122 1.113 9.403 56166 01 121.05 NMI 38/181 4.931 06 03034 1500 14143 13.493 36 Os6060. Can 0189 50 124 71632 4.633 15 3 140 117 119/ 14./70 14222 11161sorm 0 0 138 038 116.05 34 211 8 00 70 2 73200 1173 1740 17.705 hariona 501001 115 13061661 0 61616. 1106566 4.q 11406. 55.111.11 01111 Ooto 4.401014 tos 10.666 Suesoes.3111.4e ofMk flesiesems wed Studds. 1113 'Das 111/2 73 woos soos &Usk 1111

36 Table 36.-Selected statistics oflocal public school systems, by enrollment size: United States, 1888-70

Enrollment size of school system I tem Total 25,000 10,000 to 5,000 to 2,500 to 300 to Under or more 24,999 9.999 4,999 2.499 300

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8

Number of operating school systems 17,980 180 538 1,096 2.028 7,911 6,229

Number of pupils enrolled! 45.521.776 13.475,792 8.098.168 7.843.252 7,185.4348.509,353 809.777 Elementary 27,348.408 8.105207 4,763,114 4.588.2424,331.558 5,128,028 451.956 Secondary 18.175,370 8,370.284 3.335.064 3.077,0102.853,8783.381,328 157.820

Classroom teachers, 1,902,248 538.038 335.989 321.343 299,584 372,884 34.412 Elementary 1269.787 308,268 184.819 178.802 168.647 207,510 23,923 Secondary 832.481 231.770 151.370 142.541 130.937 185,374 10,489 Average pupil teacher ratio: Both levels 24 25 24 24 24 23 18 Elementary 28 26 28 28 28 25 19 Secondary 22 23 22 22 22 20 15

Thousands of dollars

Revenue receipts, total $375181,757$11,551,208$8.711.631$8.433.877$5,852.352$8,839,341$693,648 From local sources 20.289.939 8.245.582 3.596.181 3.474.6823,079.7653,652,115 341.644 From intermediate sources 448,251 60,535 56.069 58.994 87,398 186.739 39.518 From State sources 14,601.839 4.290.582 2,638.301 2,498,464 2.323.291 2,874,285 178,768 From Federal sources 2.841.928 964.529 420,979 401.558 381.907 447,222 35.733

Current expenditures 33.193.198 10232,186 5,889,224 6.570,488 6,052,801 5,858.182 510.515

Allocated to pupil costs 31,908,705 9.850.460 5.684.460 5272,4384,878,919 5.858,281 484.158

Other current expenditures 1.284,491 481.736 204.764 198,050 173.882 199.901 28.357 Average daily membership 44.793.929 13,144,939 7,971.259 7,706.2137.108229 8.250.040 815.249 Current expenditures per pupil in average daily membership $712.34 $749.37 $710.61 $897.18 $888.87 6885.85$788.93

1 Data are for Nil 1969. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Local Public VOTE. - Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. School Systems. Pall 1969. Pupils and Staff; and Stannic& of Local Public School Systems. Finances. 1969-70.

Table 37. - Enrollment in spodel education programs for exceptional children: United States, February 1963 and 1970-71

1983 1970-712 Area of exceptionality Total Local public Public and private Total Local public Public and private enrollment schools residential enrollment schools residential schools schools

2 3 4 5 6 7

Total 1,861,351 1,870,370 111,981 3,158.400 3,025000 133.000

Visually handicapped 21.531 13,982 7,589 24.000 15,000 9.000 Deaf and hard of hearing 45.894 28,551 17,043 78,003 58000 20.000 Speech unpaired 802,197 802,187 431 1.237,000 1.237000 Crippled and special health problems 84,842 84.842 431 289,000 259,000 Emotionally end socially rnalediusted 79,587 30.871 448.716 113,000 55,000 58.000 Mentally retarded 431.890 393.237 38,853 830.000 784000 46.000 Other handicapping conditions 22,039 22.039 431 128,0011 128000 Gifted 214,871 214,671 131 481000 481,000

Pupils are reported according to the male, type of exceptionality for which SOURCES: U.B. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. Office of they are receiving Memel education. Education, survey of Special Education for Exceptional Children. and Annual Estimated on the basis of State reports to the Office of Education. Report of the US. Commissioner of Education. Sneed Year 1971. 3 Not included in survey of resident's schools. 4 Incl:des education programs in public hospitals for the mentally Ill.

37 Si Table 313. -Pupils with handicaps, pupils receiving special instruction or assistance, and professional staff for the handicapped in local public elementary and secondary schools: United States, spring 1970 ,.._ Handicapped pupils Handicapped pupils Professional staff for the handicapped served 1 Specialised Teachers of Regular teach. professional Type of handicap Percent of Percent of separate es who pond. personnel who Number total Number handicapped Total ispeatel ed special in. Provided in enrollment pupils classes set uction in chinclualiseu regular instruction classes

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 a a V 1000 4,752,000 10.7 2,988,000 62.5 484,200 136.000 247.900 80,100 -4 Speech impaired 1.793,000 4.0 1.224.000 68.3 96.700 35.100 31.400 30,200 Learnmg disabled ...... 1.180.000 2.6 648.000 55.9 1231100 27.900 81,400 13.700 Mentally retarded 936.000 2.1 728.000 77.8 102.500 54.300 41,900 6,200 Emotionally disturbed 558,000 1.2 263,000 45.5 74.100 11,300 48900 14,000 Hard of hew mg . 131,000 .3 41.000 31.7 21,200 2,000 12,500 6.700

Deaf 23,000 .1 21.000 90.5 6,200 2,300 3.000 800 Crippled 82.000 .2 30.000 38.6 13,400 1,803 8,200 3.400 Partially sighted 64,000 .1 17,000 26.7 20.200 800 16.500 3.300 Blind 6.000 131 6.000 94.0 6,900 500 4,600 1,800

I Includes pupils receiving instruction or assistance from one or more of the NOTE.-Date are based upon a sample survey and are subject to sampling following. Separate (special) classes, special instruction from regular teachers in variability. Percents were computed from unrounded data. Because of rounding, regular classes, and individualized instruction from specialized professional details may not add to totals. personnel. 1 The totals may be somewhat less than the figures shown because some pipils SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. National Center and teachers may have been reported in more then one category. for Education Statistics. Number of Pupils with Handicaps In Local Public 3 Less than 0.05 percent. Schools. Spring 1 970: and Professional Staff for the Handicapped In Local Public Schools, Spring 1970.

Table 39.-Number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense, and current expenditures for transportation: United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72

Pupils transported Expenditure of at public expense public funds

School year Total Percent of Total. excluding Average cost enrollment Number total capital outlay Per Pupil enrollment tin thousands) transported

1 2 3 4 8 6

1929-30 ... 25,678,015 1.902,828 7.4 $54.823 $28.81 1931-32 ... 28,275,441 2,419,173 9.2 58.078 24.01 1933-34 ... 26.434,193 2,794,724 10.6 53.908 19.29 1935-35 ... 26,367,098 3.250.658 12.3 62,853 19.27 1937 -38... 35,975,108 3,769.242 14.5 75,637 20.07 1939-40 ... 25 ,433.542 4,144,181 16.3 83.283 20.10 1941-42 ... 24,562,473 4,503.081 18.3 92,922 20.64 1943-44 ... 23.266.618 4,512.412 19.4 107,754 23.88 23,299,941 5.056,986 21.7 129,756 25.06 1945-48 ... 30.11 1947-48 . . . 23,944.532 5.854.041 24.4 176,265 27.7 214.504 30.88 1849 -50... . 25.111.427 6,947,384 268.827 34.93 1961 -52... 28,562,664 7.897.130 29.0 136.55 18,411.719 32.8 307,437 1953-54 ... 125,843,871 138.51 1 27,740.149 19,695,819 35.0 353.972 1955..68... 416.491 138.34 1957-58 ... 129.722,275 110,881.889 38.5 1 39.78 112.225,142 37.8 486.338 1959 -60... 132.477,440 143.59 113,222,667 38.1 576,361 1981-82 ... 134.682,340 673.845 140.65 1963-64 . . . 137,405 .055 114A7%778 38.7 39.7 787,358 1 50.88 1555-68 ... 139,154,497 115.536,567 167.27 I 17,130,8 /3 42.0 981,006 1967-59 ... 140,827.965 1,218.557 1 66.98 141,934.3 76 116,198.577 43.4 1989-70 ... 1.507,830 77A3 1971-72 ... 142.264.272 119.474,355 46.1

I Pupils in average daily attendance. NationalCenter SOURCE- US. Department of Health.Education. and Welfare. for Education Statistics. Statisticseach. School Systenss. Iill:1: PM WI WO MP UM PPS MP PRP MP IMP

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39 53 Table 41. - Percentage distribution of enrollment in elementary end secondary schools. by control end by State: Spring 1970

Kindergarten through grade 8 Grades 9 thrOugh 12

State Nonpublic schools Nonpublic schools Todd Public Total Public schools Church- Non.church. schools Church. Non.church. related related related related

2 3 4 6 7 8 9 United States 100.0 88.1 9.7 2.3 108.0 90.3 8.8 3.0

Alabama 100.0 93.0 2.3 4.6 100.0 98.8 1.3 2.0 Alaska 100.0 97.5 1.1 1A 100.0 95.8 2.0 2.4 Arizona 100.0 91.4 5.8 3.0 100.0 93.7 4.0 2.3 Arkansas 100.0 95.5 2.0 2.5 100.0 97.1 1.3 1.8 California 100.0 91.5 8.8 1.7 100.0 92.9 5.0 2.1

Colorado . 100.0 92.7 5.9 1.4 100.0 93.4 4.2 2.3 Connecticut 100.0 86.7 11.6 1.7 100.0 83.5 9.2 7.3 Delaware 100.0 86.7 10.0 3.4 100.0 OBS 5.7 5.7 District of Columbia 100.0 89.7 6.3 4.0 100.0 85.3 6.6 8.0 Florida 100.0 89.5 5.5 5.0 100.0 93.3 3.5 3.2

Georgia 100.0 94.5 1.4 4.1 100.0 96.3 1.0 2.7 Howell 100.0 89.2 5.4 8.5 100.0 87.2 3.7 9.1 Idaho 100.0 93.9 2.9 3.2 100.0 97.4 1.8 1.0 Illinois 100.0 82.9 15.9 1.2 100.0 85.3 12.1 2.8 Indiana 100.0 89.8 9.1 1.1 100.0 92.7 5.8 1.7

Iowa 100.0 89.7 9.7 .6 100.0 90.7 7.7 1.8 Kansas 100.0 92.5 8.7 .7 100.0 93A 4.7 1.9 Kentucky 100.0 89.8 8.4 2.0 100.0 91.0 8.2 2.8 Louisiana 100.0 84.2 10.9 4.9 100.0 87.4 8.3 4.3 Maine 100.0 94.1 5.2 .7 100.0 94.0 2.3 3.7 Maryland 100.0 87.0 10.4 4.1 100.0 88.0 72 4.8 Massachusetts 100.0 83.1 13.7 3.1 100.0 83.2 11.0 8.7 Michigan 100.0 87.4 11.8 .8 100.0 89.0 9.2 1.7 Minnesota 100.0 86.9 12.4 .7 100.0 91.5 8.7 1.8 Mississippi 100.0 92.2 2.0 5.7 100.0 94.8 1.1 4.3

Missouri 100.0 88.8 11.9 1.3 100.0 89.3 8.2 3.5 Montane 100.0 92.4 5.0 2.8 100.0 93.2 5.1 1.7 Nebraska 100.0 88.1 13.4 .4 100.0 8e.1 10.3 1.8 Nevada 100.0 98.7 2.9 .4 100.0 95E 2.8 1 A New Hampshile 100.0 82.9 13.4 3.7 100.0 sr 8.0 5.1

New Jersey 100.0 81.7 16.8 1.5 100.0 84 11.7 4.2 New Mexico 100.0 93.5 3.8 2.9 100.0 98.. 1.2 2.8 New York 100.0 81.1 18.8 2.0 100.0 93.3 12.0 4.7 North Carolina 100.0 95.2 1.3 3.5 100.0 9' 8 .5 2.0 North Dakota 100.0 91.3 7.0 1.7 100.0 93.8 5.4 1.0

Ohio 100.0 86.5 12.5 1.0 100.0 88.2 9.3 2.5 Oklahoma 100.0 97.1 1.7 1.2 100.0 97.2 1.3 1.5 Oregon 100.0 91.6 5.3 3.1 100.0 94.7 3.8 1.8 Pennsylvania 100.0 80.4 17.7 1.8 100.0 83.7 12.11 3.7 Rhode Island 100.0 79.8 17.7 2.5 100.0 84.0 10.8 5.4

South Carolina 100.0 94.2 1.5 4.3 100.0 96.8 1.0 2.2 South Dakota 100.0 93.2 5.8 .9 100.0 94.5 4.1 1.4 Tennessee 100.0 94.4 2.2 3.5 100.0 95.3 1.7 3.0 Texas 100.0 92.9 3.7 3.5 100.0 95.9 '2.0 2.0 Utah 100.0 98.1 1.5 .4 100.0 97.8 1.2 12 Vermont 100.0 89.9 7.2 2.9 100.0 88.8 8.2 4.9 Virginia 100.0 92.5 2.9 4.8 100.0 94.9 1.7 3.4 Washington 100.0 93.7 4.9 1.4 100.0 94.4 3.5 2.1 West Virginia 100.0 95.4 2.9 1.7 100.0 95.8 2.5 1.7 Wisconsin 100.0 80.1 19.3 .6 100.0 89.4 8.8 1.8 Wyoming 100.0 96.1 3.0 .9 100.0 97.6 1.1 1.3 NOTE. - Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0. SOURCE: U.B. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Census of Population: 1V70.afIttIgiSocial and Economic Chatacteristies. Series PCI11-C. Table Q.-Nonpublic denethery and seconder/ schools, Tab 44.-Earcillmsnt of 3, 4, and Ilympold dtildren in preprintery pupils, and melon, by level and by cloud+ effilletion program by ape and by type of program: Untied State, of school: United States, 1970-71 October 1973

Teachers in full tome equivolents1 (Numbers in thousands(

Entonnent stems and Total. 3 yews 4 men 5 men Mhos type of program 3-5 man old old old Item Tom Roman Non. alhinaid old nonpublic Catholoc affiliated and unknown t 2 3 4 5

1 3 3 4 5 Entobrennt Man Schoch Tout population 10.361 3E87 3.443 3.364

Tom 18.142 11.343 2.834 3.975 Patent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Eiernaltswe ... 14.372 9.387 1.754 3.255 Seconder 3.770 1.081 1.070 719 Enrolled 40.9 14.5 34.3 78.0 Not enrolled on these pension 59.1 85.5 838 24.0 ropes Taps of mama 5.389.794 4.383.074 457.907 548,813 Eananuov 4.686.151 3.354818 272.575 429.780 Total monad 4234 818 1.177 tau Seconds@ ...... 1.313.843 Looms 188.333 130.053 . I. Nosey school 1.318 489 783 78 Teaches Public 394 127 232 38 225.703 1159.489 38.392 30.848 Nonpublic 924 383 521 40 Etenantav.... 150.559 1109.994 19.211 31.354 Sacondav... 75.147 145.474 17.181 9.492 ItualsaW1411 3.918 26 424 3.488

1 Esmond by the National Center for Education Statistats. Public 3.435 10 2813 2.139 Nonpublic 481 18 138 927 SOURCES 111 U.S. Department of Health. Educsbon. and Valfate. National Comm too Edmonton Stamm. unpoibiodoad data Noon the sunny Nonpublic NOTE.-Endudai from this table se 3413.000 frvesaolds In dernsotay schools filementsrr and Seraadery EduceNon. 1970- H. (21 National Cancun Educe- atom ths kincimpreen hare and 1134.000heece-alehIn PIPlInulto 0101111115 atonal imociation.ILS Clotho& Morn 1971- 72.(Copyropot 4171972 br the Oscan@ of roundirq, details nay not sold to totals. Nations Catholic Educetional esioasaon.1 SOURCE. U.S. Ospartmant of Commerce. flume of the Census. [tenet Ibpulation Reports Sales P20. No. NB.

Table 43. 811111111Ery statistics on Csthotio alarrantary and sscondoty schools: United States, 1919 20 to 1973 74

Number of schools Enrollment Instructiond staff* School year - Elemental/ Secondary Elementary Secondary Elementary Secondary

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1919-20 6,561 1,652 1,796,673 129,848 41.592 7,924 1929-30 7923 2,123 2322,698 241,889 68,248 14,307 1939-40 7,944 2,105 2,035.182 381.123 60281 20976 1949-50 8.589 2,189 2,660,816 606,572 66,525 27,770

Pail 1960 10,601 2,392 4373.422 880,389 108,169 43,733 Fell 1982 10.846 2.602 4,485,221 10E3,126 112.199 48.880 Ftdi 1984 10,832 2,417 4333,771 1,038,748 117,854 53344

1967-68 10,360 2,277 4.106.806 1,092,521 2129,800 258.000 1968-69 10,113 2,192 3,859,709 1,080391 2131,200 3t9.400 1989-70 9.695 2,076 3907,168 1,050330 3133.200 42,200 1970-71 9,370 1080 3.385,478 1.003,098 112,750 53,558 1971-72 8,982 1357 3275,785 959.188 108,886 52397

1972-73 8.761 1,773 2974325 924,141 106,384 50,580 1973-74 8,550 1.719 1 2.710.734 903374 102.785 51,098

Beginninp in 1970-71. includes fug-time teaching staff only. Chtholie Sionentory and Secondary Schools for theYears 15E7-68to 1869-70, 2 Indudes estimates for Me nont11170141110 454`0019. as compiled from theOfficial Catholic Directory:endU.S. Catholic Schools, 1973-74.(Copyright 0 1970 and 1974. impectiydy, by the National Catholic SOURCES; Notional Catholic Educetiond Association. AStatistical Report on Educational Association. All rights reserved.)

41 Table 45.-Estimated enrollment in nonpubla elementary and secondary Tale U.-Enrollment In foreign languages compared with total schools, by State: Fell 1974 enrollment in pedal 9-12 of magic secondary schools: United Suter, fall 1995, 1969, and 1970 State or other 6108 Total Elementary Secondary [Numbers in thousands] 1 I 2 3 4 UMW Status 4.700.000 33300,000 1,200,000 Percent Language Fell 1965 Fell 1968 Fe111970 change, Alabama 49,900 37,700 13.200 1985 to 1970 Alaska 500 300 200 Arizona 27.400 20,900 6.500 &tenses 11,100 8,100 3,000 1 2 3 4 5 Calif omb 309.800 244.200 65,600 Totel enrollment. Colorado 32.500 24,1' 8,200 grades 9-12 11.610 12.718 13,332 14.8 Connecticut 99.500 63,01m 38,500 Da lame 17,000 12.200 4,800 All foreign languages:! 20,900 8,600 District of Columbia 12,400 Number 3.659 3,891 3,780 3.3 Florida 103.000 74,300 28,700 Percent 31.5 30.8 28.3 Georgia 30.100 19.700 10,400 HIVIIIII 20.000 14p00 6,000 Modern foreign languages: Idaho 5.700 4,200 1,500 Illinois 407.000 3013,900 98.100 Number 3,088 3.618 3,614 14.6 Indiana 98,300 77,400 20,900 Percent 28.4 27.7 26.4 65,400 47,000 18,400 Iowa Spanish. Kenya 32.000 24,500 7,500 Kentucky 57,600 42.400 15,200 Number 1427 1,898 1.811 28.9 Loubiena 129,500 96,700 32.800 Percent 12.3 13.4 13.6 ... Wine 18.103 10.600 7.600 French: Maryland 108.800 78.900 27,700 Number 1,251 1,328 1,231 -1.7 Mesarchusetts 182.700 134.000 68.700 Percent 10.8 10A 9.2 ... Michigan 244.300 179,400 64,900 Minnesota 107,600 85,200 22.400 Mississippi .. 82.200 38,000 24,300 Gamlen: Number 328 423 411 25.2 Missouri 96,000 84,700 11,300 Percent 2.8 3.3 3.1 ... Montane 10,100 6,900 3,200 Nebraska 41,000 28,800 13.200 Russian: Nevada 2.800 2,000 800 Number 27 24 20 -24.5 17,300 . New ilimpdtire 25,400 8,200 Percent .2 .2 2 . . . New Army 239,800 185,100 54.700 New Mexico 12,700 9,700 3,000 Italian: New York 684.800 511,500 173,300 Number 25 21 27 8.3 North Caroline 28,100 20,800 5,300 Percent 2 2 .2 .. North Dakota 11,000 7,700 3,300 Other modem foreign Ohio 261.900 218,600 75,300 imillnailes: Oklahoma 11,500 8.300 3,200 Number 18 84 .4 Oregon 23.800 17.900 5,700 9 18 459,300 339.500 119.800 Percent .1 .1 .1 ... Pennsykinis _ Rhoda Island 34,000 25,100 8.900 Latin: South Carolina 28,200 23,100 5,100 Number 691 372 285 -55.1 South Dakota 11,000 8,300 2,700 Percent 5.1 2.9 2.0 ... Tennessee 32.000 20,600 11,400 Yeses 112,600 88,300 28,200 Utah 4,400 3,100 1,300 Includes enrollment In ancient Greek (not shown separately). Feast then 1,000 students were enrolled in this language in each of the 3 years. Vermont 11,300 6,700 5.600 Virginia 60,500 40,800 19,700 NOTE. - Bemuses of rounding, details may not add to totals. Percentages was Washington 42,300 30.800 11,500 computed from unrounded data. West Virginia 10,800 7,200 3.600 Wisconsin 174,200 140,200 34,000 SOURCES: (1) Modern Language Association of Americo. Foreign Lanairme Wyoming 2.100 1.900 200 1 Offerfrip and thwellmenes in Raba Sewn** Sehooll Fa 197a (2) U.S. Outlying areas 86,100 47,500 18,600 Department of Meath, Education. end Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics. Statistkv of PuNk pirmentery ow Secondary Day schools American Samoa 1,200 1,000 200 Canal Zone 500 400 100 Guam 4,600 3,500 1,100 Puerto Rico 66,000 39,600 16.400 Virgin Islands 3.800 3,000 800

SOURCE: Estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics.

42 56 Table 47. - Number of students enrolled in various subject areas compered with total enrollment in grades 7 to 12 of public secondary schools: United States, 1948-49. 1080-81, and 1972-73

1948-49 1980-61 1972-73 Subplot area - Number Percent of Number Percent of Number Percent of total total total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Toed enrolintwit. grades 7-12 6.907.833 100.0 11232.742 100.0 18212.671 100.0 r 0 English language arts 7.098.770 102.8 12972,238 110.8 23,387,341 128.0 Health and physical education! 7.794271 112.8 12,081239 103.0 20239.304 115.1 Social sciences 8981.980 101.1 11902499 100.8 18.315.919 101.1 Mathematics 4457.987 64.5 8.688,386 73.3 12255,242 71.0 Natural sciences 4.031.044 58.4 7.739.877 66.0 12.130.350 87.0 Music 2484.201 36.0 4954347 42.2 5,929212 32.7 Business education 3.188.207 48.1 4.667.570 39.8 26,283.169 34.6 Industrial ens 1.782242 26.5 3.361.699 28.7 5.503227 30.4 Hone economics 1293925 24.13 2916297 24.9 24493276 24.8 Foreign languages 1.234.544 17.9 2278.354 22.0 4,379205 242 Art 1,219993 17.7 2.383.703 20.3 4229.523 27.2 Agriculture 373.395 5.4 507,992 4.3 2371,528 2.1 vocational trade and industrial education 369.794 5.4 344.704 22 2475227 2.8 Distributive education 131 131 38,383 .3 2127498 0.7 Other 111,053 1.8 106.487 .9 48,893 (21

I Includes driver education and ROTC. NOTE.-Percentage nay exceed 100.0 because a pupil may be enrolled In more 2 IncludesenrollmentinIndividualcourses only(excludes occupational then one course within a set:feet area during the school year. propene). Data not reported separately. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education. end Welton% National Center 4 Includes talingual education only. for Education Statistics,Panetta of Course Wining: and Entvlbonsta 6r Pubik 5 Less than .06 of 1 percent. Sccondary *hook 1970- 71:andunpublished date.

Table 48. - Enrollment in federally aided vocational clams, by type a program: United States and outlying arms, 1920 to 1973

Type of program Fecal year Total Agriculture Distributive Home Trades and Health Technical Office Other occupations 00011Onsin industry occupations education occupations Programs

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9 10

1920 265.058 31,301 48,938 184,819 1930 981,882 188,311 174,987 618,804 1940 2.290.741 584,133 129,433 818,788 758.409 1942 2,624,785 605.099 215,049 954,041 860,697 1944 2.001.153 489,959 181,809 808.605 543,080

1946 2,227,083 510,331 174,872 911.818 630,644 1948 2,838,121 640.791 292,936 1239,788 782,828 1950 3,384,813 764.975 384,670 1.430.368 804.602 1952 3,168283 748,402 234,984 1291289 793,213 1954 3.104851 737.502 220,819 1,380,147 828,583

1986 3,413.159 788,898 258,025 1286.818 883,719 1958 3.029.339 775,892 282,559 1259,822 983,844 27,423 1860 3.768.149 798.237 303,784 1,588,1013 9313,490 40.250 101.279 1982 4.072.677 822,684 321.085 1.725,1380 1,005,383 48,985 148,920 1964 4586.390 980.905 334,126 2222.139 1.069,274 59.006 221.241

1986 6.070.069 907,354 420,428 1,897.670 1.289,051 83.977 253,838 1238243 1988 7,533,938 851.158 674,785 2283,3 38 1.828.542 140,987 289,832 1.735.997 49,297 1970 8293260 852,983 529.385 2270,410 1.906.133 198244 271.730 2.111.180 354,135 1972 11,710.767 896,4130 040,423 3.445298 2,397288 338,852 337,089 2251,833 1,304819 1973 12,283,638 927.591 738,547 3.516.683 2,702,238 421,075 384,044 2,499.095 1.114265

SOURCES: U.B. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, Office of Eduottion, annual reports onVocational and Ttschnical Education:andSuitt:nary Data. Vocational Education, Moil Year 1973. Table 49.-Enrollment in federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program and by level of instruction: United States and outlying areas, fiscal years 1988 to 1973

Level and type Percent of program 1906 1987 1988 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 change. 1972 to 1973

7 8 9 10 1 -...--...-.{2 3 4 5 8 7,047,501 7,533236 7,979286 8,793,960 10,525,060 11,710,787 12.283,538 4.9 All programs 6,070.059 -- Secondary 3.048,248 3,532.823 3,842,898 4,079.395 5,114,451 8,508,376 7,278,823 7.497,289 3.0 Postsecondary 442,097 449.906 692.970 706,086 1,013.426 1.148.312 1.336.191 1,369,722 2.5 Adult 2.530.712 2.941.109 2,987,070 3,050,486 2,666,488 2,870,973 3,088,053 3,418,527 10.4 Special needs 49.002 73,863 111,000 143,420 1805.384 11,423,710 11,636,782 1.601,633 .2.1 .. _. Agriculture 907.354 935.170 851,168 850,705 852,983 845,086 898,450 927,591 3.5

Secondary 510.279 508,675 628.148 636.039 550.823 562,141 603.324 621,051 2.9 Postsecondary 5,987 8,093 11,038 15.818 23.381 28,418 34,924 40.588 16.2 Adult 390,388 413,454 305.367 290.338 278.779 254.526 258,212 285,972 3.0 Special needs 700 4,948 8.819 8,514 189.087 194.138 1100.228 (2) ... nlefibUtiVO 420,428 481,034 574,785 583,431 529.365 578,075 840,423 738,547 15.3

Secondary 101,728 151,378 175.818 184,208 230,007 241,119 282,730 303,272 16.4 Postsecondary 15.833 21.003 44.824 80.718 82,180 85.859 102,844 105816 3.0 Adult 301,118 403,783 349,730 307,976 217,198 251,097 274,849 329.359 19.8 Special needs 1,749 4.870 4,415 10,531 147.272 161,877 163,703 (2) ...

Health 83.877 115.109 140,987 175,101 198,044 269.548 3343.852 421,075 25.1

Secondary 7,973 18,734 20.952 23,207 31.915 43.300 59,468 75,598 27.1 Postsecondary 36,498 54,135 84.592 91,922 102,515 137,943 177,468 192,612 8.5 Adult 37,065 42,721 52,866 58.603 83,614 88,303 99,720 152.887 63.3 Special needs 323 1,519 2,578 3,369 120,179 139,953 148,708 (2) ... a. Home economics 1,897,670 2.188,992 2283,338 2.449,052 2,5711 %10 3,129,804 3,445,68'+ 3,5113,883 2.1

Secondary 1,280.254 1,476,236 1,558,004 1.870,347 1,934.059 2.418,207 2.830.997 2,687,168 2.1 Postsecondary 2,852 3,506 4,395 13,490 44,259 62,972 138,604 68,077 -.8 Adult 602,383 685,225 877476 718,817 592.092 , 860,805 748,087 781,440 2.1 Special needs 12,401 23,026 43,481 48,398 1233.000 1528,518 1865,3W (2) ...

Of floe 1.238,043 1.572,335 1,735897 1.835,124 2,111,180 2,228,864 2,351,878 2 .499,095 8.3 --i 4 Secondary 798.388 985,398 1,059,08 1,122,198 1,331,257 1,395.909 1.507,861 1.599885 8.1 Postsecondary 185,439 192,839 225,182 218,448 331,001 335,198 380,245 379,838 6.4 Adult 271,149 389,194 443,481 482,160 448.902 495.747 483,969 519,894 7.4 Special needs 3,087 6,104 7,878 12,318 1197.389 1287,231 1294,491 (2) ...

Technical 253,838 288,054 289.832 315,111 271,730 313.880 337,089 384,044

Secondary 28.885 27,814 38,286 31.833 34,388 36,163 38,820 38,545 -.7 Postsecondary 100,151 97,158 104,748 130,584 151,621 177,718 189,488 201,173 8.2 Adult 124,730 140,431 127,418 151,714 85,723 99,979 108,781 124.326 14.3 Special needs 92 853 1,382 1,200 113,373 123,811 128,332 (2) ...

Trades end industry 1,269.051 1,490,607 1,6213,642 1,720,889 1808,133 2,075,168 2.397,965 2,702.238 12.7

Secondary 318,961 387,709 421,719 458,554 892.396 809,140 952,283 1,134,280 19.1 Postsecondary 115,539 123,374 137,732 174,201 281,182 309.812 368.879 346.065 -3.3 Adult 803.901 968,301 1,030,723 1,042,382 952,855 956,214 1.088,806 1,222.893 12.3 Special needs 30.850 33,343 38.388 45.742 1182,642 1288.894 1275,219 12)

Other 49,297 89.783 354,135 1.087,270 1,304,619 1,114,265 -14.6

Secondary 42,317 63,011 309.608 1.002,3913 1,223,239 1,037,714 -15.2 Postsecondary 483 928 17,307 20,572 46,781 36.775 -19.6 Adult 18 498 27,220 84.302 35.819 39,776 11.7 (2) Spacial needs 8,499 15,348 142,472 1124,588 1169,783 ...... 1 Disadvantaged persons Included in distribution by level above. SOURCES: (1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of 2DMnot meltable. Education, annual reports onVocational and Technical Education.(2) Unpub- fished data. Table 50. -Number of full-time and part-timer classroom teachers In publiq and nonpublic elementary and secondary day schools, by Stte: Fall 1973 and fall 1974

Fall 1973 Fall 19743 State or other area Total Public Nonpublic2 Total Public Nonpublic

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 United States 2,366,094 2,125,094 ' 231,000 2,131,000 231,000 Alabama 8.824 34.234 2.590 36,920 34,330 2,590 Alaska 4,108 4,048 80 4,120 4,080 60 Arizona 22,742 21,382 1,390 22,800 21,410 1,390 Arkansas 18.563 17,983 560 18,610 18,030 580 California 215,875 200.478 15,400 216,430 201,030 18,400

Colorado 28,282 28.392 1,870 28,340 26 ,470 1,870 Connecticut 40,440 34,750 8,690 40,540 34,850 8,890 Delaware 7,230 6,280 950 7,250 13.300 950 District of Columbia 7,890 8,680 1.310 7,910 6,800 1,310 Florida 73,022 67,532 8.490 73,210 67,720 5,490

Genesi' 47,285 45,375 1,910 47,410 45,600 1,910 Hawaii 8,887 7,877 990 8,890 7,900 990 Idaho 8,533 8.283 270 8,580 8,290 270 Illinois 12b,921 110,831 18,090 129,230 111,140 18,090 Indiana 66,778 52,048 4.730 58,920 52,190 4,730

Iowa 7d,118 32,708 3,410 38,210 32,800 3 ,410 Kansas 2,,189 25,529 1,840 27,240 25,600 1,840 Kentucky 34,382 31,412 2,970 34.470 31,600 2,970 Louisiana 47,894 41,884 6 ,010 48,010 42,000 8,010 Maine 12,772 11,612 1,160 12,800 11,840 1,180

Maryland 48,173 42,793 5,380 48,290 42,910 5,380 Massachusetts 78,099 88.249 9,850 78,280 86,430 9,850 Michigan 102,519 91,429 11,090 102,770 91,590 11,090 Minnesota 49,381 43,821 5,760 49,500 43,740 5,760 Mississippi 28.752 23,472 3,280 28.820 23,540 3,280

Missouri 51.290 46,880 4,610 51,420 48,810 4,610 Montana 9,199 8,639 580 9,220 8,660 560 Nebraska 19,439 17,289 2,160 19,490 17,340 2,150 Nevada 8,671 5,571 100 5,890 5,690 100 New Hampshire 9,915 8,405 1,510 9.940 8,430 1,510

New Jersey 90,148 79,168 10.990 00.370 79,380 10,990 New Mexico 13.280 12,520 740 13,290 12,550 740 New York 212,541 180,721 31,920 213,040 181,220 31,820 North Caroline 62,887 51,277 1,610 53,030 81,420 1,610 North Dakota 8,149 7,569 680 8,170 7,590 580

Ohio 118,087 105,127 12,940 118,380 105,420 12,940 Oklahoma 28,391 27,811 780 28 ,470 27,890 780 Oregon 23,830 22,250 1,280 23,590 22,310 1,280 Pennsylvania 130,703 110,523 20,180 131,010 110,830 20,180 Rhode Nand 11,10 9.428 1,730 11,180 9,450 1,730

South Carolina 28.890 26,960 1,730 28,780 27,030 1,730 South Dakota 8,797 8,127 670 8,820 8,150 870 Tennessee 39,260 37,160 2,100 39.350 37,260 2,100 Texas 137,077 130,517 9,550 137,440 130,880 6,560 Utah 12,590 12,370 220 12,820 12,400 220

Vermont 7,082 8,282 820 7,100 8.180 820 Virginia 55.881 51,781 4,100 58,000 81,900 4,100 Washington 35,039 32,889 2,350 35,130 32,780 2,350 West Virginia 19,054 18,474 680 19,110 18,530 880 Wisconsin 58,732 48,432 8,300 58,870 48,570 8.300 Wyoming 4,983 4,883 120 5,000 4,880 120

Outlying areas 32.410 29,070 3,340 32.490 29,160 3.340

American Samoa 663 823 40 860 820 40 Canal Zone 648 828 20 650 630 20 Guam 1,417 1,247 170 1,420 1,250 170 Puerto Rico 28,349 25,439 2,910 28,420 15,510 2,910 Virgin Islands 1,335 1,135 200 1,340 1,140 200

I The pastime teachers are Included in the totals in full-time OCIuMilentS. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center 2 Estimated. for Education Statistics, Staelarica of Public Elentenrary and Secondary Day Schools, Pail 1973: and estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics.

45 59 Table 81. - Instructional staff In public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of position and by State: United States, 1971 -72 tin fulltime equivalents)

Classroom teachers end other nOnsuPetvlsorY personnel Total Principals Consultants State or instructional (Including or Guidance and Other non outlying area staff assistant supervisors Classroom Librarians counseling Psychological supervisory principals) of teachers personnel personnel instructional instruction Pets Connell

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9

United States 2421.607 97,211 37,495 22.069,538 41,954 52,3613 7,378 15,385

Alabama 36.298 1.393 303 33.602 - 13) - - Alaska 4,491 190 72 4,017 92 101 11 8 Arizona 22.877 828 169 20,692 490 502 88 110 Arkansas 21.682 981 74 19,700 469 432 8 - California 210.508 9.679 1,829 191,055 1,783 6.084 1,098 -

Colorado 28,367 1,448 406 25,080 468 812 60 118 Cornet: taut 39.789 1,724 283 34,340 - - - 43.462 Delaware 6,801 288 88 6.049 117 170 33 36 District or Columbia 7 ,436 340 189 6,695 180 314 50 107 Florida 75,072 2.841 1,13/ 65.106 2.134 1,943 1.023 1,088

Georgia 49,375 2,803 347 43,433 1,818 976 - - Hawaii 9.182 391 47 8,235 226 203 - 20 Idaho 9,224 436 111 8,199 181 247 51 - Illinois 118.143 3.930 1,755 105,835 1,842 2,317 388 296 Indiana 55,732 2,558 690 60,124 980 1.334 100 66

Iowa 36.928 1,615 119 32,293 774 1,039 49 37 Kansas 28,852 1.405 347 26,348 800 818 86 251 Kantuc Iry 34.770 1,415 355 31,014 1,190 778 12 6 Louisiana 41,818 1,419 498 37.913 1,107 884 17 - Maine 12,294 556 238 11,115 150 229 7 -

Maryland 47,235 2,308 732 41,693 1,057 1,193 187 85 Massachina s 85,578 3,046 3.323 58.187 838 2.018 190 - Mkhigan 101,133 4.803 1.286 89,238 1,890 2.854 287 977 MInnesot 48.538 1,795 448 43.945 1,154 1.026 128 40 Missisum 25,848 1.221 418 22.829 833 502 14 33

Missouri 61,378 2.202 810 46.887 972 1,328 (6) 181 Montana' 9.936 - - 29,938 - - - - Nebraska 18,780 802 414 16,842 482 433 27 - Nevada 6,987 284 97 6.291 122 188 7 - New Hantinhire 8,745 407 111 7.988 80 179 - -

New Jersey 86.170 2,963 1,748 78.044 1,377 1,941 480 1,637 NmaNkuna 13,747 834 233 12,248 231 359 5 37 New Vork5 209,432 7.397 9,193 182,319 2.836 6,334 1,353 I North Carolina 55,780 1,985 873 50,434 1.778 870 42 - North Dakota 7,821 247 45 7,271 110 90 4 54

Ohio 111,870 4,883 902 99.819 1,794 2.837 498 1,187 Oklahoma. 30.520 2,113 283 27,154 375 579 22 14 Oregon 213.854 1,295 837 23.038 639 899 7 341 Pennsylvania 121.484 3.588 1,700 109,814 2,025 3.006 348 1,225 Rhode Island 10.548 403 184 9,242 220 374 32 111

South Caroline 30.567 1,420 1.318 25,910 991 775 44 111 South Dakota 9,152 388 46 8,193 191 1713 6 153 Tennessee 40,400 1,485 479 38.378 1,148 870 41 - Texas 140.580 13.739 584 127.237 2,043 1,428 (6) 2,551 Utah 13,724 588 180 12.084 308 347 55 184

Vermont 7,230 424 es 8,189 167 243 7 15K Virginia 58.841 2,815 811 52,417 1,537 1,290 171 - Washington 37.357 1,848 1.033 31,999 878 988 188 425 West Virginia 19,445 1,283 300 17.260 259 319 8 16 Wisconsin 58.134 2.069 225 51,142 1,103 1.206 194 196 Wyoming 5.221 224 47 4,872 83 102 28 87 4 MAW Ina Veal'

American Samoa 627 57 18 517 18 15 2 - Canal Zone 641 21 18 878 6 19 3 - Guam 1.363 88 88 1.142 34 43 - - Puerto Rico 25,751 1,083 172 27,1349 395 325 - 147 Virgin Islands 1.044 48 - 934 24 33 - 5

3 Includes audiovisual instructors. television Instructors, and other nonsupervisory 5 Include' date for summer school and adult education programs. Instructional staff. 6 Data not available. :Data for columns 3, 4. and 8 through 9 included in column 6 for the State of 7 Data from 1971-72 Montana Irdneatton [Victory. Montana. a Date are number of fun-time and pertthne positions. 3 Included with classroom teachers. 4 Includeslibrarians,guidanceendpsychologicalpersonnel,and other SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Center nonsupervisory instructional staff. for Education Statistics. Stanstka of State Systems. 1971- 72. Selected Characteristics of Public School Teachers

The National Education Aisociation (NEA) in Men teachers accounted for 34 percent of the total 1972 issued a report on the Status ofthe American in 1971 but only 31 percent of all teachers in 1961. Publk-School Teacher, 1970-71.The study provides Secondary school teachers constituted 47 percent of awealthofinformationonthepersonal the total in 1971 and 43 percent of all teachers characteristics, professional qualifications, teaching 10 years earlier. There was a slight decline in the assignments,and economicstatusofpublic number of pupils taught by each teacher between elementary and secondary school teachers. The data 1961 and 1971, but the average number of hours on the age, marital status, and academic attainment worked per week remained the same (37 hours in the of teachersin1971aresummarized inthe required school week and 47 hours per week on all accompanying chart. duties). The NEA has conducted several similar surveys at Since the above figures are based upon sample intervals of 5 years. When the data for 1960-61 and surveys, they are subject to the usual sampling 1970-71 are compared, the following trends emerge: variability. Highlights from the teacher studies were The typical teacher in 1971 was younger than in published previously in the December 1971 and 1961 (35 as compared with 41 years old) and had March 1972 issues of the NEAResearch Bulletin.The fewer years of teaching experience (8 versus 11 material is copyrighted by the NBA and is used by years). Teachers in 1971 tended to be better educated permission. than previously; only 3 percent did not hold a bachelor's degree, compared with 15 percent in 1961. They also earned substantially higher average salaries, nearly $9,300 in 1970-71 as contrasted with less W. VANCE GRANT than $5,300 in 1960-61. specialist in educational statistics

Figure 8. Seclected characteristics of public elementary and secondary school teachers: United States, 1970.71

NOTE: Oats are bawd upon sample sunny of teachers. Because of rounding. parcentagas may not add to 100.0 SOURCE: National Education Associa tion. Research Report 1972413. Status of the Anwhoon Public-School Teacher, 1970-7I. lOopyright 01972 by the National Education Association. All rights reserved./

47

61 Table 52.-Selected characteristics of public school teachers, by level and by sex: United States, 1970-71 -- . Item All teachers Elementary Secondary Men Women 1 2 3 4 a 8 . _ .. . it.grant draw.. nod Nu 4 yew Marsh* percent 2.9 4.6 1.1 2.1 3.4 Hachriiiidram.. . do 89.8 74.5 84.2 54.8 77.4 Mesta s .1egiv or I. years do 27.1 20.9 33.9 42.8 19.0 tru.hir .kgree . do 0 4 0.8 06 0.3

lidlethan v.ii-, rif !earning experience . .. . a 8 7 8 8

Length of ietruired school week ...... hours 36.5 36.3 36.8 Average Pumber of hCrice per week devoted to teaching duties 46.9 45.8 48.1 47.6 48.5 Average number of days Of classroom teaching in school year 1970- 71.. 181 181 181

Average ..o.1.1. salary at ClassrOOM teacher dollars $9,281 $9,092 $9,449 69,854 $8.953 Amato age . years 38 39 36 38 39 Sex . . percent 100.0 34.2 85.7 mar . tat status Married do 27.9 44.0 Single . do 5.2 14.2 Widowed separated, divorced do 1.1 7.5

NOTE. -Data are based on reports received from a sample of 1.533 teachers. SOURCE: Nationa Education Association, Research Division, Research Report Because of rounding. percents may not add to 100.0. 1972-R3. Status of the American PublicSchool Teacher, 1970-74 (Copy- right 0 1972 by the National Education Association. All rights reserved.)

Table 53. -Teachers of federally aided vocational education Table 54.-Public secondary school teachers, by teaching classes, by type of program: United States and outlying field and by sex: United States, 1970-71 areas, fiscal years 1970 to 1873

Teaching field in which largest All Men Women 1 nu of program 1970 1971 1972 1973 portion of time was spent teachers

2 3 4 5 1 2 3 Number o teachers All fields: Total 190.364 211.550 236.858 243,614 Number 931.898 504217 427,679 Agriculture . 12.420 12.910 13.270 13,912 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Distributive 10.458 11.974 13.796 14.804 18,780 Health 10,483 12.613 14,552 Agriculture 0.8 1.0 Herne econorr..cs 34,225 38.106 41.547 44.878 3.7 3.1 4.4 64,917 Art Office 45.081 49,383 52.862 3.8 8.8 Technthel 14,241 14.780 16,820 13.858 Business education 5.9 Trades and industry 56,720 59.065 65.105 70.848 English 20.4 13.2 29.1 Other or unclassified 6.736 12,770 17.907 14,017 Foreign language 4.8 2.3 7.8

Percentage distribution Health and physical education 8.3 7.0 10.0 Home economics 5.1 11.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Mathematics 14.4 15.2 13.4 10.8 18.5 3.4 6.5 5.6 5.7 Science Agriculture 8.1 14.0 19.8 7.2 Distribut;ve 5.5 6.7 5.9 8.1 Social studies Health 5.5 8.0 8.2 6.9 Horne economics 18.0 18.0 17.8 18.3 Music 3.8 4.9 2.5 Office 23.7 23.3 22.4 22.6 Industrial ens and vocational education 8.2 10.9 10.8 Technical 7.5 7.0 7.1 5.6 Special education 1.1 0.8 1.8 Trades and industry 29.8 27.9 27.8 29.1 Other fields 1.0 1.8 Other or unclassified 3.5 6.0 7.8 6.8 Vocational education only. NOTE Blouse of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, Office of Educe. NOTE. Percents are based on reports received from a sample of 707 teachers; ton, unpubl.shed data. because of rounding, they may not add to 100.0. SOURCES: National Education Association, Research Division, Research Report 1972-R3, Stoma of the American Public- School Teacher. 1970-71 land Research Report 1971-R13, Estimate- of School Stab**. 1971-72. (Copyright 0 1972 end 1971, resPeethrele, by the National Education Association. All rights reserved.)

Table 55. -Estimated number of class:corn teachers In nonpublic secondary schools, by teaching fide: United Stems. fdl 1974

Cheathamnachos Tanning Held Number reptant 3

All fields 78.000 100.0 18.5 English. 12.870 14.3 Social senile, 11.154 Rah on 5.884 12.8 Mathematics ...... 8.892 11.4 11.0 Pntheln hinflthlm ...... 8.680 Health ara1 phyucd education ...... 8.190 10.6 8.630 8.5 Scarce ...... 4.448 5.

4.200 5.5 Moe ...... f f 1.5 Home economics .. 858 1thlustria1 ass and theN end *Outman 545 7 .5 All other . . 390

SOURCE National Center No !Overton Mentos estinthets 48 Table 58. - Estimated average annual salary of classroom teeclun in public elementary and secondary schools: United Bates, 1985 -58 to 1073 -74

Average slaty lin dollars/ Average salary index 11965-58 00.01 School year All teachers Elementary Saeondary All reaches Elementary Secondary teachers teachers teachers teachers

1 2 3 4 8 6 7

1955-56 84.055 $3.852 100.0 100.0 100.0 1958-57 4.239 4,044 =4,681 104.6 105.0 103.9

1957-59 ...... 4.571 4.373 4,894 112.7 113.5 111.0 1958-59 4,797 4,607 5.113 118.3 119.8 118.0 1959-60 4,995 4,815 5,278 123.2 125.0 119.7

1960-81 5,275 5,075 5,543 130.1 131.7 125.7 1961-62 5.515 5,340 5,775 138.0 138.8 131.0 1962-63 5,732 5.580 5,980 141.4 144.3 135.8 1983-84 5,995 5,805 6,288 147.8 150.7 142.1 1964-65 8.195 5.985 6.451 152.8 165.4 148.3

1985-86 6,485 6.279 6.761 159.9 183.0 153.3 1986-87 6.830 8.622 7.109 168.4 171.9 161.2 1967-88 7,423 7,209 7,692 183.1 187.1 174.5 1968-69 7.952 7,718 8,210 198.1 200A 1882 1969-70 8,835 8.412 8,891 212.9 218.4 201.7

1970-71 9.269 9.021 9.588 229.8 234.2 217.0 1971-72 9,705 9.424 10.031 239.3 244.7 227.5 1972-73 10.164 9,878 10.497 250.7 258.4 238.1 1973-74 . 10.673 10,337 11,009 2832 288.4 249.7

SOURCE: National Education Association. annual Ernmarea of School Saddam Utast edition copyright 0 1974 by the National Education Association. All rights reserved ; tra

Table 57.-Percentage distribution of estimated annual salaries mid classroom teachers in public *matey/ and mender/ missals: United Stems, 1952-53 to 1973-74

Percent of olassroom teachers paid- School year Less then 53.500- $4.500- $5.600- $6,500- $7,600- $8.500- $.500- 410,800- $11,600 $3.500 4,499 5.499 8,499 7,499 8,499 9,499 10,499 11,499 Ofmore

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11

1952-53 62.0 25.0 113.0 1953-54 56.8 28.8 117.8 1954-55 48.5 29.2 122.3 1965 -56 42.8 31.4 126.0 1958-57 35.0 33.0 132.0

1957-98 25.8 33.8 140.9 1958 -69 17.0 31.7 28.7 15.7 29.9 1959-80 12.8 29.7 28.2 17.4 211.9 1980-61 92 26.0 272 19.3 10.9 37.4 1961-82 5.7 20.9 28.9 22.0 12.9 30.0

1962 -83 4.3 17.7 28.0 23.4 14.5 8.1 440 1963-84 2.7 142 28.8 24.2 15.1 9.0 48.3 1964-65 1.8 11.9 27.0 24.7 18.8 10.1 5.5 82.8 1965-68 R 9.0 22.7 28.8 19.1 11.5 6.8 Saa 1988-67 .3 4.1 19.7 26.7 19.8 13.2 8.8 4.5 83.1

1967-88 62.1 11.5 25.5 22.0 15.3 10.5 6.6 sea 1969-69 76a 18.1 24.5 18.1 13.4 8.8 6.0 4.3 1969-70 . 72.9 13.2 20.6 19.7 14.4 11.4 7.7 10.3 1970-71 71.6 72 15.6 18.8 15.8 12.5 9.4 19.0 1971-72 819.9 17.6 16.5 12.4 102 23.1

1972-73 814.9 16.8 18.0 14.0 10.7 27.7 .1973-74 88.9 14.8 15.8 14.9 13.2 32.7

! $4,500 or more: detailed breakdown not available. RM.-Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0. 6 MOO or more: detailed breakdown not avallebN. $7,500 or more: detailed breakdown not avellable. SOURCES: NationalEducation Association, Research Report 1973-R3, 4 $9.500 or more: detailed breakdown not available. Economic Statue of the Teaching Profusion, 1972-73; end Research Report 5 Detalkid breakdown not available beyond this salary range. 1973-R13, Betimates of School Senbtic4 1973-74. {Copyright 0 1973 and 6 Leo than $4.500: detailed breakdown not available. 1974, respectively, by the National Education Astociation. All rights reserved) 7 Less then $5.500; detailed breakdown not available. Lea than $7.500: detailed breakdown not available.

49 Table ea -Average annual salary of Instructional staffIn full-time public elementary and secondary day sthoob, by State; 1929 -90 to 1979 -74

State Unadjusted dollars Adjusted dollars (1973 -74 purchasing power12 or othr area 1929 -30 1939-40 1949-501929-80 1989-70 1973-743 1929-30 1939-40 1949-60 1969-60 1989-70 1973-743

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

United Suit& 81,420 81.441 93.010 115,174 98.840 811,185 413.870 84.810 SUN 69,216 810.919 $11.185 1 Alabama 792 744 2.111 4,002 8,964 9,443 2,159 2,483 4,158 8.364 8,590 9,443 Alaska 1,728 13) 6.859 10.993 16,053 4,710 19) 15) 10,891 13,579 18,053 Arizona 1,837 1.544 3,558 5.590 8.976 10,943 4 462 5,164 7,005 8,876 11,088 10,943 Arkansas 873 584 1,801 3,295 8,445 8,139 1.834 1,949 3,548 5,232 7,981 8,139 California 2.123 2,361 45) 68,800 9.980 13,875 5,788 7,848 45) 6,0,479 12,327 13,875

Colorado 1,453 1,393 2.821 4,997 7,900 10,767 3,960 4,650 6,557 7,934 9,758 10,757 Connecticut 1,812 1,861 3.668 8.008 9.400 11,880 4,939 8,212 7,009 9,540 11,811 11,860 Delaware . 1,570 1,884 3,273 65.803 9,300 11,860 4,279 6.821 8.447 89,209 11,487 11,880 District of Columbia 2.289 2.350 3,920 8,280 11,075 13,412 8,184 7,844 7,722 9.971 13,880 13,412 Florida 876 1012 2,958 5080 9.600 10,954 2,388 3,378 5,827 8,088 10,823 10,954

Georgia 6b4 770 1.283 73.904 7,372 9,110 1,864 2,870 3,867 16,199 9,108 9,110 Hawaii 1.812 131 (Si 6,390 9,829 11,968 4.939 15/ (5) 8,558 12,141 11,968 Idaho 1,200 1.057 2,481 4,218 7,257 8,696 3,271 3.528 4,887 8,894 8,984 0,898 Illinois 1,830 1,700 3,458 55,814 9,980 12,281 4,443 6,875 8,812 89,231 12,290 12,281 Indiana 1,486 1.433 3,401 5,642 9,674 10,828 3,998 4,783 8,700 8.800 11,928 10,828

Iowa 1;094 1,017 2,420 64,030 8,200 10,580 2,982 3,395 4,787 68,399 10,129 10,580 111141811 1,159 1,014 2,628 64,460 7,811 9,420 3,169 3,385 8,177 87,088 9,848 9.420 Kentucky 896 828 1,938 3.327 7,824 8,657 2,442 2,767 3,814 5,283 9,417 8,667 Louisiana 941 1,006 2,983 4,978 7,220 9,500 2,565 3,358 5,876 7,904 8,918 9,500 Wino 942 894 2,115 3A94 8,059 9,547 2,687 2,984 4,166 5,895 9,954 9,547

Maryland 1,518 1,d42 3.594 6,557 9.886 12,310 4,137 5.481 7,080 8,823 12,210 12,310 Massachusetts 1,875 2,037 3,338 25,145 9,175 11,710 5,110 6,800 8.576 98.804 11,333 11,710 Michigan 1,534 1.578 3.420 5.854 10,125 1013,060 4.181 5,261 6,737 8,977 12,506 1013.060 Minnesota 1,251 1,278 3,013 6,275 9.957 11,730 3,410 4,259 5,935 8,378 12,299 11,730 Mississippi 820 559 1.418 3,314 6,012 7,885 1,690 1,886 2,789 5,282 7,428 7,865

Missouri 1,235 1,159 2,681 4,538 8.091 9,823 3,736 3.869 5,084 7,202 9,994 9,823 Montana 1,216 1,184 2,982 64,435 8,100 9,772 3,311 3,952 5.835 97.020 10,005 9,772 Nebraska 1,077 829 2.292 3,878 7.855 9,541 2,935 2,787 4,515 6,164 9,702 9.841 Nevada 1,483 1,667 3,209 5,893 9,889 IS/ 4,042 6,197 6,321 9,039 11,968 13/ Now Hampshire 1,264 1,258 2,712 4,465 8,018 9,331 3,418 4,199 5.342 7,074 9,904 9,331 111.322 New Jersey 2,113 2,093 3,511 15,871 9,500 12,000 5,769 8,986 8.918 11,734 12,000 New Mexico 1.113 1,144 3,215 5,382 8,125 9.300 3,033 3,819 8.333 8,548 10,036 9.30D New York 2.493 2.604 3.71:4 8,537 10,200 13,300 6.795 8.692 7,300 10,379 12,599 13,300 North Caroline 873 948 2.888 4,178 7,744 9.823 2,379 3,158 5,295 8,634 9,565 9.823 North Dakota 900 745 2,324 3,695 6,900 8,790 2,463 2,487 4,578 8.887 8.523 8,790

Ohio 1,688 1,687 3,088 5,124 8,594 10,750 4,538 5.297 8,083 8,136 10,615 10,760 Oklahoma 1,070 1,014 2.738 4,859 7,139 8,500 2,918 3,385 5,390 7.398 8,818 8,800 Oregon 1,812 1,333 3,323 5.535 9.200 10,265 4,394 4,460 6,648 8,788 11,364 10,285 Pennsylvania 1,820 1,840 3,006 5.308 9,000 11,400 4,415 5,474 5.922 8.428 11,117 11,400 Rhode Wand 1,437 1,809 3,294 115,499 8,900 11,709 3,917 8.038 8,489 118,731 10,993 11,709

South Carolina 788 743 1,891 3,450 7,000 9,048 2,148 2.480 3,725 5.478 8,648 9,048 South Dakota 956 807 2,064 3,726 8,700 8,600 2,608 2.894 4,086 6,915 8,278 8,500 Tennessee 902 882 2,302 3,929 7,290 9.150 2,469 2,877 4,535 8,238 9,006 9,150 Texas 924 1,079 3,122 4,708 7,503 9,301 2,518 3,602 8,150 7.475 9,268 9,301 Utah 1,330 1,394 3,183 5.098 8,049 9,885 3.625 4,853 8,113 8,091 9,942 9,685

Vermont 983 981 2,348 4,468 8,226 9,189 2.825 3,275 4.825 7,091 10,160 9,189 Virginia 881 899 2,328 4,312 8,200 10,300 2,347 3,001 4,588 8,847 10,129 10,300 Washington 1,556 1,708 3,487 115,843 9,500 11.935 4,241 5,895 8.889 118.960 11,734 11,935 West Virginia 1,023 1,170 2,425 3,962 7,850 8,840 2,788 3,906 4,777 8,275 9,696 8,840 Wisconsin 1,399 1,379 3,007 124,870 9.150 11,637 3,813 4,803 5,923 127,733 11,302 11,637 Wyoming 1,239 1,189 2,798 4,937 6,633 10,184 3,377 3.902 5.512 7,839 10,539 10,164

Outlying wear

American Samoa (5) (6) (5) 852 5,130 (6) (5) (5) 151 1,353 8,337 151 Canal Zone (5) 15) 16) 8,034 10,400 13,965 15) (5) 13) 9,581 12,846 13,965 Guam (5) (5) (5) 4,107 7.800 13,800 (8) (5) 13/ 8,521 9,835 13,800 Norio Rico (61 (6) (5) 62,360 13/ (3) 15) (5) (5) 63,747 (3/ 15) Virgin Islands (5) (5) 15) 3,407 13) 10,521 (5) (5) 16) 5,410 IS/ 10,521

1 Includes supervisors, principals, classroom UMW% and other 'Mutational 9 Includes clerical assistants to intuuctional personnel. staff. 1.9 Represents actual salary for 1972-73 school yew. 2 Based on the Consumer Price index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor 11 Includes attendance personnel. Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. 12 Excludes vocational schools not operated as part of the regular public school 3 Estimated. System. 4 Beginning In 1959-60, includes Alaska and Hawaii. 5 Data not available. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Cantor 6 Partly estimated. for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systeme and Middles of 7 Excludeskindergarten teachers. Public filamentary and Secondary Day Schools, Fall l 973. 8 Includes administrators. Table 69.-Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, and average annual earnings of full-time employees in all industries, in unadjusted dollars and adjusted dollars: United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74

Unadjusted dollars Adjusted dollars (1973 -74 purchasing powerll

School year Salary per Earnings per Salary per Earnings per member of full-time em- member of full-time em- instructional ployee w irk- instructional ployee work- staff ing for wages staff ing for wages or salary2 or salary2

1 2 3 4 5

1929-30 $1,420 $1,388 $3,870 $3,778 1931-32 1,417 1,198 4,586 3,877 1933-34 1,227 1,070 4,322 3,789 1935-36 1,283 1,180 4,358 3,940 1937-38 1,374 1,244 4,479 4,058

1939-40 1,441 1,282 4,810 4,279 1941-42 1,507 1,576 4,513 4,719 1943-44 ...... 1,728 2,030 4,831 5,440 1945-48 1,995 2,272 5,105 5,814 1947-48 2,639 2,692 5,282 5,388

1949-50 3,010 2,930 5,929 5,772 1951-52 3,450 3,3322 6,122 5,895 1953-54 3,826 3,828 6,833 6,291 1955-58 4,156 3,924 7,212 6,841 1957-58 4,702 4,276 7,874 8,979

1959-60 5,174 4,632 8,215 7,355 1981 -82 6,700 4,928 8,844 7,848 1963-64 6,240 5,373 9,434 8,123 1965-66 6,935 5,838 10,131 8,529 1967-68 7,630 6,444 10,463 8,837 1969-70 8,840 7,334 10,919 9,059 1971-72 10,100 8,334 11,450 9,448 1973-743 11,185 9,392 11,185 9,392

I Based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. 2 Calendar-year data from the U.S. Department of Commerce have been converted to a school-year basis by averaging the 2 appropriate calendar yearsin each case. 3 Estimated.

SOURCES: (1) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center Cy Education Statistics,Statistics of State School SystemsandFall Statistics of Public Schools.(2) U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis,Survey of Current Business,July issues;U.S. Income and Output;andNational Income,1954 edition.

51 571,602 0 75 5 6$ Table 00.bloated stadide on schoolhowing in full ime public alanienaity and secondary day schools, by Stem 1970 71 and fall 1971

Number of pupils on cur ailed Number of instructiOn rooms 'onions. fall 1971 State or Completed Abandoned Available outlying Total Elementary Secondary during during and In use, area 1970-71 1970-71 fell 1971 1 2 3 4 5 f 7 United States 1170.788 1108.211 1264,576 388.300 118,005 21.918400 Alabama (31 (31 131 131 (31 (3) Alaska 102 16 3,248 Arizona 17.278 9,040 8,238 13) 431 (31 Arkansas 105 493 19.187 California 68.742 50,644 16,193 431 431 43)

Colorado 2.065 1,213 862 1,404 256 23,810 Connecticut 7.063 2,410 4,663 131 131 (31 Deferent 102 102 276 83 5.642 District Of Cabinda' se 24 5,848 Florida 116.147 pi) 4116,147 2.829 686 53,617

Georgia 4.544 3,359 1,185 1,802 941 45.799 Hawed 298 99 7,745 Idaho 167 103 7,923 Illinois 131 13) (31 1,900 300 101,800 Indiana 2,543 1,897 648 1,301 118 50.238 Iowa (3) (31 425 310 29,381 Kansas 717 360 25.958 Kentucky 1,438 862 29,162 Louisiana 131 907 38,166 Maine 4.880 2,977 1,903 271 214 10.463

Mwylend 21,331 8,085 16,248 2.087 376 35,057 Massachusetts 20.179 430 19,749 3,238 383 47,659 Michigan 1.808 808 93.085 Minnesota 3.48E 3.485 2.445 542 41.657 Mississippi 1.381 1,297 22.358

Missouri 950 997 40.182 Montana Plabraske 684 120 18.701 Nevada 131 (31 (31 238 1U 6,243 New Hampshire 241 133 7,059

New Jenny 32.521 20,691 11,930 2.821 775 62.734 New Mexico 3.018 3,018 537 189 12.583 New York 36,919 7.554 28,385 5,110 1,228 143,743 North Carolina 1,358 832 53,842 North Dakote 232 240 7,971

Ohio (31 431 (3) Oklahoma 823 294 27.198 Oregon 875 80 22,479 Pennsylvania 29,432 1,111 28.321 2,985 1,010 93,384 Rhode island 454 178 7,827

South Carolina 131 31 28.834 South Dakota 142 106 7,714 Tennessee 900 432 34,521 Tees 2,092 429 43) Utah es 30 11.648

Vermont 441 81 5,914 Virginia 131 (3) (31 1,728 1,001 50,622 Washington 327 131 35,915 INcist Virginia 174 174 658 359 16,625 Wisconsin 3,383 3,383 1,466 593 41.171 Wyoming 13) 131 431 Outtifine MO'

American Samoa 7.998 8.013 1,988 Canal Zone 1 3 610 Guam 186 1,047 Puerto Rico 255.971 161,801 94.170 517 263 19,213 Virgin blends 431 43) 940

1 Incomplete: escudos Stares for which data are not available. SOURCE: U.S.Departmentof Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center 3 Inducers estimate for the nonreporting States. for Education Statistics, Pan 1 971 Stattnica of Public Schaal. 3 Date not available. 4 Dee for column 3 included in column 4.

52 66 BEST COPYAVAILABLE I onet Nonent at lute bous edmineueno and moot mama. Table 82.-Number of public school systems In One toe ion end number of pupils enrolled. by site of system: United Stems, 1971-72 ...... 44 ....to3/ 1 Pupils en coo I* School systems w .* Enrollment 1.111. 1 .69 sin' 0 Numbs, Percent Number tin Percent f thousands) , . I 4 4 .. v 4 0000110 10 us las* SW 3107 1 2 Ie V 17,238 100.0 248,010 100.0 1 Total .... P . IS 0 00 606 100 .4 0 'I 14,084 20.3 1.1. t,N I ..., 75.000 or more . 184 1.1 12,000 to 74.999 423 2.5 8.938 14.5 %IA. 6110 bp 17.1 oIM,,0 0 110 6.000 to 11.999 990 6.1 8.194 3.000 to 5.999 1,913 11.1 7,986 18.8 11,11 py -1010 , 1.800 to 2.999 1.952 11.3 4,541 9 5

1.004. 1,0 WM*. 1.200 to 1.799 1,850 9.8 2,448 5.1 11, &11.L. 1 b, 60e3 to 1.199 2.836 15.3 7,268 4.7 11.11,.. 4111. 1 / 1... 1.,1 hr' 300 to 699 2.387 13.7 1,037 2.2 15t1 to 299 1.646 9.5 388 .8 NN 514 10 50 to 149 1.418 8.2 138 .3 011.0 M 1411 4. MP 15 to 49 905 5.3 26 3 7 141 10.44.0 1 10 14 770 4.5 411404.04.4 ,41 stet None, 378 2.2 0 0 41.44044 leo 8..,44 44. 4 /11 4 -.. 4001.4 .4 1 Based on the number of pupils enrolled in October 1971. 410 5114 .0. 3 Includes 1.832.000 students enrolled at the collage level. 4101 103: 60 1:4 01,o 8 .0 1 :l1 n. 10' 3 systems not operating schools. 004 11 4 LOU than .05 Dement. 044 0 1% 11

12 WWI M. Mg 1 Sri 0 NOTE. - Because of rounding. details may not add to totals. NINAMese 0 0 0 . WM 14 II 0 .00.0.8.41; 0 1..t. 1 SOURCEU.S. Department of CO1,101140, Bureau of the Census. 1972 Census uf 10 II 104 44.4. Id, Governments. Vol. 1. Onvenutientil Organisation. 1.41 6'1 24 .10404.94 911 .4. 1e 1i 111' Iii 1.00 1041 41. tanba .11 Mole .t, .114 '404 110 101 1110 4U v4.00 tat 246 J1 40.4.4 138 114 4 .4 00...0. 3. .. 314 0 OW 1.40... 0 : 0 334 1,0400 . 10 , b.1 1 OU 1.1 0...... 4.4,44.0.10441..-00.4. 1013110.0

1 401.. 0.14.4 1 C041 A.411 1 I deo, ..1. 1., :.% ...es.. 1 1 1 1 '411401 V ..t.140r...01 0 040 10..0...... owe.. 0004 1 ...0 0 10004 SOP.. .nne.. w. 3/444/01.1 o y ..... /ad. ,.... .4111441.4.4.44 1.30.

Table 63. - Number of local basic I lministretive units (school districts) and number of public andnonpublic elementary and seconday schools: United States, 1920-30 to 1972-73

Public school systems Nonpublic schools1

ENmen. School Elententmy schools Mondry School VIM Secondary districts3 schools tary Total t teacher 7 2 3 4 5 8 3,258 131 238,306 '49.282 23,930 9.275 1929.30 3.289 121.531 232.750 :43,391 28,409 9,734 1931 -32 9.992 3,327 131 238.236 139.166 24.714 1933.34 25.852 9.902 3,327 1935-38 131 232.114 131.101 25,481 9.992 3.327 1937-38 119.001 275.860 121.118 3,568 t17.108 131 113.800 13) 11.306 1939-40 10.285 3.011 115,493 183.112 107.892 25.123 1941 -47 50,286 3.011 111.383 169.906 96,302 28.973 1943- 44 ...... 3.294 101.382 180,227 88.583 24.314 9,883 1945. 48 25.484 10,071 3.202 1947-48 94.926 148,780 75.098 3.331 83,718 128.225 69,6t2 24.542 10.376 1949- 50 10,666 3.322 71.094 123,783 50.742 23.746 1951-52 11.739 3.913 83.057 110.87E 42.885 25,837 1953-54 28.048 12.372 3.887 1955-56 104.427 34.954 25,507 13.085 3.994 1967 -58 47.694 95.446 25.341 4.081 40.620 91.863 20.213 26,784 13.574 1959- 80 14.762 4.129 35,878 81,910 13.333 25.350 1143182. 4,451 31,705 77.684 9,895 26.431 131 1983-84 16.340 4,608 28,983 73.218 8.491 26,597 1965-88 14,300 22.010 '0.879 4.148 27,011 414,900 1987 -88 25,352 14,372 3,770 1970-71 t 7.995 65.800 1,815 1,475 26.922 414,000 43.700 1972-73 18,980 84.945

Data for most years are partly estimated. NOTE.- Beg nning In 1959- 60. includes Alaska and Howell. 2 Includes operating and nonothooting districts. 3 Date not available. SOURCES. U.S. Department of Health, Education. end Welfare, National Center 4 Estimated. for Education Statistics. Srattnica of State School Systems: Pali Sfdlblica of Public Schools. and SraliStlet of Nonpublic Plementary and Secondary Schools. 53 Table 04. - Number and percent of public secondary schools. by type of school: United States. 1919 -20 to 1970 -71 , Type of school Type of school Scloot yen Total School year Total Trish. Junior: !WOO Junior- Trish. Juniata Senior/ Junior - mond I renior4 well eenioe4

I 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 5 1919-20: 1951-52: Number 14,328 13,421 55 22 838 Number .. . .. 23.746 10.168 3.227 1.780 8.591 Portent 100.0 93.7 0.4 0.2 8.8 Percent 100.0 42.8 13.6 7.4 36.2 1929-30: 1988-59: Number 23.237 16.480 1,842 648 3.287 Number 24,190 8A24 4.990 3,040 10.130 Percent 100.0 74.0 8.3 2.9 14.8 Potent 100.0 24.9 20.7 12.8 41.9 1937.38: 1967 -68: Number 26.067 15.523 2,372 969 6,203 Numbs 329.631 6.433 7,437 4,318 8.343 Percent 100.0 .82.0 9.5 3.8 24.8 Percent 100.0 24.2 28.0 16.3 31.4 1945-46: 1970-71: Number 24.122 13.797 2.0113 1.312 6.380 Number 324,882 9.818 7.750 4,647 8.687 Percent 100.0 57.2 11.0 GA 26.4 Percent 100.0 29.8 31.4 18.8 23.0

NOTE.-Date through 1958-59 ere or 48 States end the District of Columbia. 'Includes regular 4yeo high schools proadtd by bone elementary schools: no Bemuse of rounding, womb may not odd to 100.0. niergenitetion hes tekon place. 3 Indudes 3. and 33Yeor bolo/ MIA schools. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. Office of 3 Includes 3 end 4year senior high schools Preceded by lunla` schools. Education. Statistics of Ifettseatton in the United Staten 1968-59 Series. 4lndudes IS- and boa high schools. Beginning In 1987-88. also includes Number 1.Public Secondary IkhooLe: Magnin of Sane School Systeme. combined elementerocondary schools. 1967 -68: and Statinfre of Allele Stententary and Secondary Day SchoolFall I Excludes incomplete high schools and vocational or beds high Moils (480 In 1971. 19137-68 end 870 in 1970-71).

Table 88. - Number of high school graduates compared with posh:don 17 yeen of age: United States, 1899 ..70 to 1972 -73

PoPu High shoal eredustes1 Number Pope. High school graduates' Mother School year lotion greduend per School you lotion V gredusted per 17 years Total Boys Olds 100 persons 17 years Total Soya Olds 100 persons old/ 17 years of age old/ 17 years of age I 2 3 4 5 8 I 2 3 4 5 8 1 1889-70 815000 10,000 7,004 8.938 2.0 1949-110 ...... 2,034.480 1.199,700 570.700 629.000 59.0 1879-80 948.028 23.834 10,605 13.929 2.5 1951-62 2480.800 1.198.500 869200 627200 58.8 18139-90 1,259.177 43,731 18,649 25.183 3.5 1953-54 2.128,600 1,278,100 eitsoo 663.900 60.0 1899-1900 . . .. 1,489.148 94,883 38,075 56,808 6.4 1955-58 ... 227000 1,414200 879.500 735.300 62.3 1909-10 1,788240 158,429 83978 92.783 8.8 1957-88 ...... 2224,000 1,608200 725,500 780,400 84.8 1819-20 . 1.885.173 311.268 123,884 287.982 16.8 1859-80 2982,005 1,86000 898000 966900 88.1 1929-30 2.295922 868.904300.376 366,528 29.0 1981-82 1939-40 2.768,000 1.928000 941.000 984,000 69.5 2.403074 1221.475578.718 842.757 80.8 1953-44 300100022900001.121000 1.189.000 78.3 1941-42 2,425,674 1,242275878,717 665988 51.2 1985-88 3.515,000 2.832,000 1,308,000 1,324000 1943-44 74.9 2.410,389 1019,333423.971 595282 42.3 1987-88 3221.000 2.7112,000 1,341.000 1261,000 78.7 1948-48 2254.738 1090.033466028613.107 47.9 1989-70 3225.343 2.696.900 1.433000 2202,927 1.483,000 75.7 1947-48 1,189,909582,863 037.946 54.0 1971-72 3,9570003008,000 1.490.000 1.518.000 78.0 - . - tan-tt_.-i_igaiseg_Am000 1001.000 memo 752

! Indudes oedema of public and nonpublic schools. SOURCES: U.S. Deportment of Heath, Education, and Welfare, National Canter Der from Bureau of the Census. for Edo:teflon Ststletbs, statistic of State School Syetnnt: Stattnks of Pubic 61nstesttsey and &wonder, Day Schools Pan 1973: Statieties of Nonpublic NOTE.-BeennIng In 1959-60. Includes Abdul and Hans& Stemenrary and Seeotheltry &hoots: and urdublidted data.

Table IA -Percent of high school dropouts among plicate 14 to 24 veers old, by sacs and Na: United States,1997 and 1973

1987 1973

Ags Block White Meek White Female Mete Female Male Female Mole Ponds 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 Total,14 to 24 wen old 23.9 21.8 11.9 13.1 17.8 18.9 10.4 11.3 14 end 15 von old 3.6 4.0 1.5 1A 3.1 3.1 19 2.8 IG end 17 yews old 11.7 14.6 7.0 9.4 10.8 10.0 8.7 92 18 end 19 yews old 308 22.0 15.4 152 27.7 23.0 14.1 152 20 to 24 yews old 42.6 39.1 18.8 19.0 24.9 29.0 13.7 142 NOTE.-Dropouts -e proms Wu) ere not enrolled In school end who are not SOURCES: U.B. Department of Comore. Bureau ui tne Census. Outent high school roduetse. Population Report% Series P-23, No. 48. and Series P-20. No. 272. High School Graduates Compared With Population 17 Years of Age

The National Center for Education Statistics Of the 3,037,000 graduates, 1,536,000 (50.6 percent) estimatesthatnearly3.1 million young people were girls, and 1,501,000 (49.4 percent) were boys. graduated from American high schools during the Thisrepresentsasubstantialchangein As school year which endedinJune1974. This distribution of graduates since 1920, when girls made represents an increase of about 2 percent over the up 60 percent of the graduating class. 3,037,000 persons who graduated in 1973. The figures for high school graduates reported The size of these graduating classes reflects the above include graduates of both public and private high birth rate in the mid1950's and also the present schools. in 1973, approximately 90 percent of the tendency of students to remain in school at least until graduates were awarded their diplomas by public high high school graduation. During the past century, as schools and the remaining 10 percent by private high the accompanying chart shows, the proportion of schools. in addition, each year a number of persons young people finishing high school has steadily are granted high school equivalency certificates. In increased. Between 1870 and 1970, the number of 1973, approximately 191,000 persons received these high school graduates for each 100 persons in the certificates. population 17 years old rose from 2 to 76. In the class of 1973, as in each graduating class for NEVA A. CARLSON the past 100 years, there were more girls than boys. specialist in educational statistics

Figure 9.-- Number of high school graduates for each 100 persons 17 years of age: United States, 1869-70 to 1969-70 80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 193 1940 1950 1960 1970

SOURCE: Table SS.

SS

69 Table 67 - Number of public end nonpublic high school spadplates, by sex and by State: 1972 -73

Public high school graduates' Nonpublic high school graduates: State or other area Total Boys Girls Total Boys ;aids

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

United States 32,730.000 31,353.000 31277.000 300,0011 144,000 156,000 Alabama 44,441 21,450 22,991 1,700 800 900 Alaska 3 970 1,974 1,998 200 100 100 Arizona 24,012 12,267 11,768 1,400 700 700 Arkansas 25.708 12,909 12,798 700 300 400 California 268,021 132,339 135.682 19.500 9,200 10,300

Colorado 33.358 18.443 18.915 2.100 1,000 1,100 Connecticut 37,871 18,298 19,575 7,700 4,000 3,700 Delaware 7,733 3,730 4,003 1,000 600 400 District of Columbia 5,213 2,076 3,137 1.800 1,000 800 Florida 81.773 40,771 41.002 3.000 1,600 1,000 Georgia 57.755 27,811 29,944 2,100 1,300 800 Hawaii 11,147 5,529 5.618 1,800 1,000 800 Idaho 12,714 6,028 6,288 300 100 200 Illinois 135,735 68,574 89,161 24,300 11,100 13,200 Indiana 73,165 37,022 38.133 6.600 2,700 2,900 Iowa 44,521 22,459 22.062 6.400 2,600 2,800 Kansas 33.941 17,110 16,831 2,600 1,200 1,400 Kentucky 40.807 20,171 20.436 4,900 2 ,000 2,500 Lambkins 45,704 21,848 23.856 8,100 2,800 3,300 Maine 14,377 7.174 7,203 3.000 1,700 1,300 Maryland 52,813 25,531 27,282 6,300 2,900 3,400 ...4Ciassachusetts 274,372 337,188 237.188 16,700 7,800 8,900 .. Michigan 3128928 264,077 384.851 17.200 8.000 9,200 Minnesota 83,394 31,908 31,488 8,400 2,800 3,800 Mississippi 28,128 12,849 13,479 1,000 600 600

Missouri 60.069 30,518 29,552 7,900 4,000 3.900 Montana . 10.532 45,268 45,266 1,100 500 800 Nebraska 22,459 11.008 11.461 2.800 1,400 1" Nevada 8.414 3218 3,198 200 100 100 New Hampshire 9,849 4,881 4.968 2,500 1,500 1,000 New Jersey 91.629 45.087 48,582 12,900 8,200 8,700 New Mexico 17248 8,627 8,621 800 400 400 New Vork 3204,680 4101207 4103.353 41.100 18.700 22,400 North Carolina 69,322 34.081 35,241 1,100 500 800 North Dakota 10,563 5,290 5,273 1,200 600 800 Ohio 152,428 78282 76,148 18,600 8.800 9,800 Oklahoma 37,349 19,028 18,320 800 400 400 Oregon 31,221 15,602 15.619 1,700 800 900 Pannsylvan!3 5154.600 79279 75,321 31,500 15,200 16,300 Rhode Island 10,802 5.288 5,514 2,500 1,300 1,200 South Carolina 636,150 17.400 18,750 700 400 300 South Dakota 12.184 6,152 6,012 700 300 400 Tennessee 52,115 26.280 28.835 2.700 1,700 1,000 Texas 163,529 76.426 77,103 5,700 two 2,900 Utah 18,993 9,473 9,520 400 200 200 Vermont 6,303 3.098 3,207 1,700 900 800 Virginia 62.089 29,000 33,180 3,800 2.200 1,600 Washington 50,988 25,355 25.6.fa 2,700 1,100 1,600 West Virginia 24,541 12.295 12246 800 400 400 Wisconsin 70.789 35,395 35.393 11,100 6.300 5,800 Wyoming 5.653 2,872 2,781 200 100 100 Outlying areas:

American Samoa 448 220 228 40 30 10 Canal Zone 738 362 377 Guam 1.056 521 535 I30 50 80 Puerto Rico 24.081 10,648 13,433 2,190 830 1,360 Virgin Islands 589 80 20 60

I Excludes approximately 7.000 graduates of subcollegiate departments of 6 includes pupils graduating during summer of 1973 insteadof those graduating Institutions of higher education, Federal schools for ballots and on Federal during summer of 1972. installations, and residential schools for exceptional children. 2 Estimated by the National Canter for Education Statistics. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, end Welfare, National Center 3 Includes estimates for the nomporting States. for Education Statistics,Statistics of Puts& Elementary and Secondary Day 4 Distribution by sex estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics. Schools, Ilan 1973:and estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics. $ Estimated by reporting State.

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1 1 IL Iii /8 1 i I i - 1 1 " I i I (41. 1 i I 11 113 AI iIldi lit Ell 411; 14114118p li tHill Iii; Its `24111111111101111111 Elf Iiiilefirliniffa Table A.Estimated revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary schools, by source and by State: 1973.74 !Amounts in thousands of dollars]

Revenue receipts Total revenue end Fedortil State Local end other2 Nonrevenue State 110,111NeflUe receipts maims Total Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent of total of total of total

1 2 3 4 5 d 7 8 9 10 United Stets 860228203 856235009 64.213,777 7.5 624,316.561 43.0 1128,004670 49.5 63703.398 Alabama 806,606 691,508 85,000 14.4 402.508 88.0 104,000 17.6 Alaska 15,000 188.605 188,417 28,368 16.8 105,847 82.8 34,702 ?0.3 Afil0110 20,188 643,060 559,180 41,380 7.4 215.128 38.5 64.1 Arkansas 302,675 83,880 378 .933 357,933 58,437 16.3 174,569 48.6 124.927 34.9 21,000 California 7,142.590 6,905,590 481,877 6.7 2,909,480 42.1 3,535,283 51.2 238.000 Colorado 800,983 704.983 51,300 7.3 249,000 35.3 404,883 57.4 96,000 Connecticut 975,065 966,065 39,980 3.1 223.160 23.1 712.965 73.8 Delaware 10,000 234,240 209,240 13200 8.6 146,740 69.7 49,600 23.7 District of Columbia 25,000 231,697 231,697 28,430 11.4 ...... 205,287 88.8 Florida .... 1.781858 1,739,225 180,834 8.7 993,765 57.1 594,826 342 42,431 GOMIS 1,001,103 943,294 112,598 119 514,184 84.5 316,532 Hawaii 33.6 57,809 239,850 239,860 19,660 82 212.976 88.8 7,214 Idaho 32 ... . 176,059 179,659 19,000 11.1 374,059 43.3 78.000 45.6 Illinois 5000 3,590223 3,378,473 199,500 5.9 1,361,155 40.0 1,828,818 54.1 Indiana 214.160 1,725,000 1254000 64000 5,1 410000 32.7 780,000 622 31,000 Iowa 741,000 708,000 35.000 4.9 250,000 35.3 433,000 59.7 Kansas 33.000 589.996 641,596 43.363 6.0 170300 31.4 327,933 Kentucky 60.5 28,000 818,000 580.000 80000 13.8 320,000 552 180.000 31.0 39000 Louisiana 907.780 804,290 112,370 14,0 450,010 58.0 341,900 30.1 Meine4 103,500 247,775 227.775 21.185 9.3 79,720 35.0 126870 55.7 20,000 Maryland 1,489,765 x,460,270 90,203 62 688,121 47.1 661,948 46.7 Mainchusetts 29,496 1,690255 1,483,556 76805 5,2 358,450 242 1,048200 70.7 107,000 Michigen4 2,914,070 2,558,070 102,240 4.0 1,278,035 60.0 1.175.795 Minnesota 46.0 358.000 1,403,000 1.290.000 60,920 4.7 760,000 58.1 479,080 37.1 Mississippi 113,000 472.596 440,695 108200 242 231,096 52.5 101.500 23.0 32,000

Missouri 1,134,728 1279006 82.408 78 387,700 35.9 608,900 58.4 Montana4 55,720 178.452 173,152 14,718 8.5 69,260 40.0 89.174 51.5 Nebraska 5,300 332,510 322.510 25,510 7.9 67,000 20.8 230,000 71.3 10000 Nevada 169,650 151,660 9,300 6.1 63,350 41.8 79,000 52.1 18,000 New Hampshire 189,653 171853 5,414 3.0 12,656 7.4 163,983 89.6 10,000 New Jersey 2,448000 2,348,000 135,000 5.7 673,000 28.7 1,540,000 85.6 100,000 New Mexico 288,294 272,779 43,630 16.0 175,570 64.4 53,679 New York 19.8 15.515 7.158,000 6,681,000 326.400 4.9 2,571,000 39.1 3.685.000 56.0 577.000 North Caroline 1,236,538 1,204,538 126,722 10.5 827,814 88.7 250.000 20.8 32000 North Dakota 159,870 153,870 14,000 9.1 487,800 43.9 72,370 47.0 8000 Ohio 2,840,000 2,480,000 180,000 7.3 850,000 34.3 1,450,000 582 360,000 Oklahoma 574,000 536,000 50000 98 240,000 44.8 246,000 459 Oregon 38,000 827,795 587,795 24275 4.1 143,520 24.4 430,000 71.5 40,000 FennsyMusis 3,352,730 3291,230 223,272 8.8 1,615,640 49,7 1,432,118 43.5 61,500 Rhode island 241,303 228,303 18,579 8.1 83,374 38.4 127,350 65.5 12,000 South Carolina 609.164 571,164 90,000 15.8 328.024 57.4 153,140 28.8 37,000 South Dakota 165.700 161,000 24,000 14.9 21,000 13.0 116,000 72.0 4,700 Tennessee 792,007 744,007 97,309 13.1 335,459 45.1 311,239 41.8 Tens 48,000 2,933.205 2,670,205 295017 11.0 1267,619 47.5 1,107,549 41.5 263,000 Utah 331,000 294,000 24,000 8.2 187,000 55.8 103000 35.0 37,000

Vermont 148874 137874 8,421 6.1 45,485 33.0 83,968 Virginia 809 9,000 1,298,000 1,198,000 125,000 10.4 440,000 38.7 833,000 52.8 100,000 Washington4 1.976.849 993,404 88,426 8.7 560,888 86.5 348,080 34.8 West Vkginie 83,445 379.977 351,015 43.956 12.5 201,735 57.5 105,324 30.0 28,952 Wisconsin 1260200 1,230200 40,000 3.3 491,800 40.0 688.600 568 Wyoming 30,800 91,000 90,000 10,000 11.1 33,000 36,7 47,000 522 1,000

2 Federal revenue receipts include Federal grant programs to Stahl end local 4 National Education Association estimates. school systems. Including funds under the Elementary end 5econdery Education 5 Includes $12,600,000 from general revenue sharing. Act, Economic Opportunity Act, aid to federally impacted areas, National Defense Education Act, Manpower Development and Training, vocational NOTE.-Oecaum of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0. education. etc. Funds received from the School Lunch and Milk Program are Included, but reporting on the money value of commodities received is SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Report 1973R8. Ersti. incomplete. Funds from .:Itater share of general revenue sharing ere included. mate, of &hoof Statistic& 1973-74.(Copyright O 1974 by the National a Local and other revenue receipts Include menus receipts from local and Education Association. All rights reterrod.) intermediete sources, gifts, end tuition and fees from patrons. 3 Includes $8200,000 of general revenue sharing apportioned through foundation programs to public schools.

58 72 Table 70. - Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State, local, end other Nunes. byState: 1971 -72 [Amounts in thousands of dollars)

Federal' State Local sources (including intermediatefa State or Total other Me revenue receipts Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent of total of total of total

6 8 7 8 1 2 3 4 52.8 United States $110.003,645 114.467.960 SA $19,13301116 38.3 S16.402420 122,873 22.4 Alabama . 547.500 117,691 21.5 306,936 56.1 121,003 30,192 25.0 78,460 64.8 12,351 10.2 Aie511e3 228,393 47,9 Arizona 478,595 56,278 11.8 191,924 40.3 Arkansas 302,884 64,304 21.2 130,320 43.0 108,240 35.7 3,097,778 68.7 California 5,279,814 414,938 7.9 1,768,898 33.5 371.426 84.0 Colorado 580.687 48,868 8.4 160,493 27.8 467,584 58.0 Connecticut 808,854 32,896 4.1 306,394 37.9 37,417 22.1 Delaware 189,410 14,232 8.4 117,781 89.5 182,122 72.9 District of Columbia 222,324 80,202 27.1 485,201 Florida 1,377.397 164,078 11.9 728,120 62.9 35.2 294,715 35.0 Georgia 841,580 132.040 15.7 414,825 49.3 3,334 1.5 Hawaii4 228.8413 27,082 11.8 198.230 88.7 147.838 18,075 12.2 59,303 40.1 70,458 47.7 Idaho 81,0 Illinois 2,841,444 168,171 5.9 940,791 33.1 1,7320632 82.3 Indiana 1.217.265 89,854 6.7 389,289 32.0 758,332 457,647 85.2 Iowa ... 702.217 45,743 8.5 198,827 28.3 291,727 62.8 Kansas 464,194 41,183 8.9 131.284 28.3 1513,910 282 Kentucky 543,081 96,282 17.7 289,869 53.4 228.677 30,2 Louisiana 758,353 110.781 14.8 418,895 65.2 123,447 Maine 224,565 21,557 9.6 79,561 35.4 55.0 63,0 Maryland 1,161.894 90,232 7.8 468,337 39.3 815,325 1,017.093 68.7 Massachusetts 1,480,571 72,817 4.9 390,861 28.4 Michigan 2,377,400 172,287 7.3 1.031.781 43.4 1,173,352 49.4 45.7 Minnesota 1.112.611 73,149 6.8 531,204 47.7 508,258 171.920 48.5 83,853 23.6 Mississippi .1 A 168 98,585 27.8 67,2 Missouri 978.713 90,481 9.3 327,185 33.5 559,087 174,508 17,987 10.3 39.000 22.3 417,521 67.3 Montana° 210,576 723 Nebraska 291,275 28,814 9.8 62,085 17.9 69,449 52.1 Nevada 133,232 11,987 9.0 51,798 38.9 128,292 88.0 New Hempshirs 149.212 11,851 7.8 9,289 8.2

1,953,799 111,241 5.7 466,771 23.4 1,388,787 70.9 New Jeneys 48,510 New Mexico 244,000 49,998 20.5 145,492 59.8 19.9 2,873.557 Now York 5,878,715 387,889 13.8 2,417,489 42.8 50.8 237,061 252 North Carolina 938,098 168,808 18.0 532,229 58.7 79,482 55.8 North Dakota 142,404 23,136 18.2 39,807 28.0 2,786,378 77,4 Ohlu 3,574.381 141,309 4.0 688,694 18.7 45.2 198,829 41.3 Oklahoma 481,538 65.003 13.5 217,704 20.2 196,689 71.2 Oregon 558,755 47 783 8.8 112,324 1,293,172 48.2 Pennsylvania 2,799,878 191,129 6.8 1,315,577 47.0 117,108 51.0 Rhode Island 229,458 17,120 7.5 98,228 41,5 133,082 27.5 South Caroline 484,387 90,775 18.7 280,530 53.8 14.0 102,952 70.6 South Dakota 148,105 22,848 15.5 20,507 47.1 248,930 38.1 Tennessee 847,288 95,238 14.7 306,122 47.1 939,822 40A Texas 2,324,584 290,478 12.5 1,094,287 51.4 95,797 37.5 Utah 255,527 28.385 11.1 131.365 72,881 57,9 Vermont 125.837 7,597 8.0 45.359 38.0 53.4 Virginia 1.013,533 141,531 14.0 330,846 32.8 541,157 338,040 Washington 844.872 79.487 9.4 427,145 50.8 40.0 68.4 101,125 West Virginia 338,489 48,407 13.7 190,967 29.9 327,353 30.7 688,880 84.5 Wisconsin 1,087,113 50.900 4.8 Wyoming 93,414 9,739 10.4 32,113 34.4 51,5132 55.2

Outlying ems:

American Samoa 7,831 7,831 100.0 Canal Zone 15,150 4113,150 100.0 71.6 Guam 24,026 6.839 28.5 17,187 239,163 73.3 Puerto Rico 328.099 88.938 26.7 Trust Territory° 9.275 59,275 100.0 23,694 89.6 Virgin Islands3 26,437 2.743 10.4

I Includes value of commodities distributed under the school lunch and milk 5 Includes date from published and unpublished reports; partially estimated by programs. the National Center for Education Statistics. 2 Includes a relatively minor amount from other wumes (gifts and tuition and 6 Dee hum United Nations report. transportation fees from patrons) whk.h accounted for 0.4 percent Of total revenue receipts in 1967 68. NOTE. Because of rounding. details may not add to totals. 10. i from published reports 4 Both State and local revenues are reported even though the entire State of SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Sure &hoot Systems. I v7172. Hawaii is regarded as a single school system. Table 71. -Public elementary and secondary school revenue receipts from Federe , State, end local sources: United States, 1919 -20 to 1972 -73

Local Local School yew Total Fedora State (Including School year Total Federal State (Including inter Inter. mediate!! modiste)!

1 2 1 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 6 _... AMOUNT IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

191920 $970,120 $2,475 8160,085 $807,561 1919-20 100.0 0.3 16.8 83.2 1929-30 2,088,857 7,334 353,870 1,727,553 1929-30 100.0 .4 16.9 82.7 1930-40 2180.527 39,810 684,384 1,536.383 1939-40 100.0 1.8 30.3 68.0 1941-42 2918,880 34,305 759.993 1,822,281 1941 -42 100.0 1.4 31.5 87.1 1943-44 2,604,322 35,886 689,183 1109,253 1943-44 100.0 1.4 33.0 85.8

1945-48 3,089,845 41,378 1,082,057 1.066,409 1945-48 100.0 1.4 34.7 838 1947-48 4,311,834 120.270 1976.362 2.514902 1947-48 100.0 2.8 38.9 58.3 1949-50 5.437,044 155,848 2,165989 3,115,507 1949-50 100.0 2.9 39.8 87.3 1961 -52 6,423,818 227,711 2,478,506 3.717,607 951-52 100.0 3.5 38.8 57.8 1953-54 7968.852 365.237 2844.103 4.587,512 1963 -54 100.0 4.5 37.4 58.1

1955-58 9888977 441.442 3,828,888 5,416,350 1955-58 100.0 4.8 39.5 55.9 1987-58 12,181,513 486,484 4,800,368 8.894981 1957-59 100.0 4.0 399 58.8 1959-80 14,7413,1318 651,639 5,768,047 8128,932 1959-80 100.0 4.4 39.1 58.8 1981-82 17927,707 760,975 8189,190 9,977,542 1981-82 100.0 4.3 38.7 58.9 1983 -64 20,644,182 896,966 8978914 11,669,213 19133-84 100.0 4.4 39.3 56.3

1906 -66 gowns 1998,954 9,920,219 13,439,088 1965-68 100.0 7.9 39.1 53.0 1967-68 31,903,064 2,806,469 12,275.538 18,821.083 1967-68 100.0 8.8 38.8 52.7 1989 -70 . 40.266923 3,219957 18.062,776 20984.589 1969- 70.... . 100.0 8.0 39.9 52.1 1971-72 50,003945 4,487,969 19,133,255 28.402.420 1971-72 100,0 8.9 38.3 52.8 1972-73 52,117,930 4,825,000 20,843,820 26,749,412 1972-73 100.0 8.7 40.0 51.3

I Includes a relativsly minor amount from other sources (gifts. 1n1110n, and SOURCES: U.8. Deportment of Health, Education, and INalfare. National Center tronsportallon fees from patrons), which accounted for 0.4 percent of total for Education Statistics. Statistic: of Mate School Symms; and expenditure, and revenue receipts in 1967 -68. Revenues for Public Momentary and Secondary Education, 1972-73. NOTE.- Beginning In 1959-60, includes Alaska and Harrell. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

Table 72.-Results of public school bond elections: United States. 1957-138 to 1972-73

Number of election Percent Par value of Issues voted on Percent Fiscal year approved (in millions/ approved - based on i based on Total Approved number Total Approved dollar value 6 7 1 2 3 4 5

1967-68 (I) (I) (I) $1,542 $1,123 72.8 1958 -59. (I) (I) (I) 1,801 1,433 79.6 ' 2,672 1,792 67.1 1959-60 .W .. (I) ( I ) (1) ... 1,218 75.9 1980-61 I I 1 ( I ) (I ) 1,605 1961-62 1,432 1,034 72.2 1.849 1,273 68.9

1962-63 2,048 1,482 72.4 2,659 1,851 69.6 1963-64 2,071 1,501 72.5 2,672 1,900 71.1 1964-65 2,041 1,525 74.7 3,129 2.485 79.4 1965-66 1,745 1,266 72.5 3,660 2,652 74.5 1986-67 1,625 1,082 66.6 3,063 2,119 69.2

1967 -68 1,760 1,183 87.6 3.740 2,338 82.5 1968-69 1,341 782 562 3,913 1,707 43.6 1989 -70 1,216 647 63.2 3,285 1,627 49.5 1,381 41.4 1970-71 .. ... 1,086 507 48.7 3,337 1971-72 1,163 542 47.0 3,102 1,365 44.0

1972-73 1,273 719 66.5 3,988 2,266 58.6

I Data not available.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Bond Sales for Public School Purposes, 1972- 7.7.

60 1 Table 73. - Estimated expenditures for public elementary and semndery education, by purpose and by State: 1973 -74 (In thousands of dollars]

Current expenditures

Toter Public Capital Interest on State NNW debt or expenlitures Total elementary Other outlay other area and secondary progrems2 whacks 1 7 1 2 3 4 5 8 82,127,998 91.888.938 United 8tetes3 558,031.041 848,084,773 $413.988,775 35,259.330 52,000 2,100 Alabama 575,352 521,282 518,888 2.388 32.000 7.705 Alaska 189,8813 130.181 125.419 4,7132 141 15,018 Arizona 1382.828 530,922 530,922 116,888 47,297 9,741 Arkansas 378,622 321.584 317.038 4,548 454.101 194.324 California 8,714739 4082.314 5,128.438 935.878 18.000 Colorado 888.545 577,545 572.548 5,000 90.000 Connecticut 848.270 801,270 5796.770 5,500 25,000 22.000 35,000 Delaware 218.080 172,070 6189,870 2,200 8.990 District of Columbia 232.080 194,820 187,302 7,318 37,460 - 30,982 Florida 1,1301,452 1,483,012 51,478,879 74,133 287.488 70,129 33,345 Georgia 978,882 873,188 857,188 16,000 28,484 1,139 Hawaii 237,149 209.528 202,641 8,985 14.600 3,500 Idaho 188,842 148,642 148,500 142 Illinois 3.048,470 2,841,970 2,843,061 98,919 328,000 78.500 173.844 48,236 Indiana 1,275,847 1,056,987 1,035,105 20,882 80,120 15,500 WWII 763,620 888.000 888.000 - 21,538 9,178 Kansas 482.025 451,311 449,925 1.388 21,800 Kentucky 543,500 477,000 474,000 3,000 46,000 87,800 23,500 Loubiana 846,000 758,000 753,000 2,000 20,000 6,600 Maine 245.500 219,000 212,000 7.000 39.040 Maryland 1,326,851 978,990 963.950 13,040 310,1321 105,395 80,980 Massachusetts 1,813.385 1,347,000 1,328,000 21.000 98,400 Michigan 2,893,526 2,505,126 2,480,128 46,000 290,000 51,065 Minnesota 1.321.197 1,181,288 1,098,177 82,991 108874 30.000 4,700 Mississippi . 464,159 419,459 381,659 37,800

Missouri 997,193 889,188 871,996 17,190 83.752 24.265 3,200 Montana 201.000 191,000 191,000 - 6,800 1,617 37,185 8,370 Nebraska . 388,278 320,721 319,104 23,000 7,500 Nevada 182.100 131,600 129,000 2,800 142,843 543 18,919 5.878 New Hampshire 185,083 143,488 175.000 7:,700 New Jersey 2,195,700 1,948,000 1,910,000 38,000 53,917 3,034 New Mexico 323,209 286,268 284,501 1.767 New York . 8,555,700 5,848,800 5,820,800 228.000 500.000 206900 70,000 13,500 North Carolina 1.183,044 1,079,544 958,195 121,349 17,500 3,000 North Dakota 149.500 129,000 128,000 3,000 180,000 82,000 Ohio 2,457.000 2,216,000 2,200,000 16.000 40,000 8.000 Oklahoma 515,000 488.000 485.000 3.000 1,474 44.582 10,093 Oregon 801.109 546.434 544.980 158,1300 310,500 1133,000 Pennsylvania 3.381,440 2.887940 2,709,140 983 13,108 7,000 Hhode island 231.541 217.435 218.472 7.324 60.383 12.509 South Carolina 873,303 500,431 493,107 10,000 1,850 South Dakota 164,200 142,350 140,350 2.000 748,859 877,059 884,759 12,300 44.600 27,300 Tennessee 114,285 Texts 2.548,378 2,128,745 2,037.746 88.000 308,348 8.200 47.000 4,700 Lb 292,900 241,200 235.000 15,987 4,034 Vermont 132,141 112,120 111,989 151 125.500 35,000 Virginia 1.172,000 1.011,500 988,500 23.000 28,320 Washington 896,377 778,057 708,057 70.000 94000 4,010 25,000 3.109 West Virginia 383.801 335,692 331,882 1,081,732 13.618 88,358 34,153 Wisconsin . 1,217.859 1.095,350 4,008 1,509 Wyoming 104,186 98,649 99,495 184

Outlying areas: 523 American Samosa 8,085 5,542 5,190 352 - 788 Canal 2one . 18.484 t7,578 15,728 1.950 Guam 32.787 32.787 22,939 9,848 - 19,811 Puerto Ricca 319,042 299.431 299,010 421 - 29.808 676 - - Virgin Islands 30,284 30.284 ..._. Includes value of commodities donated by tne U.S. Department of Agriculture, 6 Does not include the value of commodities donated by the U.S. Department of except as indicated by footnote 6. Agriculture. 2 Includes expenditures for summer schools, adult education, community services 7 Does not include luninr colleges. (such as public libraries operated by school districts, expenditures for nonpublic Date for 1972-73. schools where authorized by law. community centers. recreational activities, and community colleges and technical entitutions under the lurisdlction of SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Weller% National Center local boards of education). forEducationStatistics, Seinisnes of Pub& Ekmentory and Secondary Day 'Includes estimates for nonieporting States. Schoolt, Fall 3973. 4 Data not available. Data inc',Atis expenditures for summit school.

61 Table 74. -Summary of expenditures for public &mentor/ and wooden, education, by purpose end by State: 1971 -72 1ln thousands of dollars'

Tool Current exisellturs for fultims elarrantery and secondary day 'shook 'newest Stem intend'. , Other Capital on or turn. dl Admine Ogetin Ion Melee. Pled Other programs ethyl shoe °Merano stools Total aeon' Instruction of plant ems chanin school die ' of plant service 1 2 3 4 8 a 7 8 cs 10 11 12 Used States 848350283841517.781111.875.504$28,148,306723,145,2317111,179,540 84398,40483,372.7908395215114,40354991,378,238 Aherne 563.637 500.513 18.793 320,642 21,720 10,337 52,718 478.402 (41 47,193 5,931 Alaska 168.010 129.519 7364 88,847 9.482 5.005 9,392 9.730 Arizona 528 31,742 4.223 477.159 371,615 18,889 262.673 28,595 10.587 17,359 33,812 94311 10,933 Aeneas 311 ,518 273,130 17.157 169.952 17,728 8,934 23,898 37.482 1.107 Califcsnie 28835 8,646 4.948,256 4,445,041 224,547 3,108364 318,157 144.237 442,303 2013933 87,811 330,601 102,898 Colorado 579,486 480,878 20.204 335450 34,891 13 ,510 43,544 33,479 4,767 79,679 14,182 Connecticut 779,889 717,551 25952 503,753 773,891 17) 81450 47904 5494 39,499 17,425 Delman 181.710 135,582 8,252 87.431 11,851 3.234 12,570 12243 2,186 District*, Columbia 36,636 7,407 185,612 163.553 5388 108,448 15,269 5.475 9,823 18.479 382 21,877 Florida 1,370,638 1.178.382 48,937 832,300 80,115 38,828 94,845 82,657 2.728 168.126 28.275 Georgia 961328 709,404 35,199 461,671 47.372 21,648 68.396 85.217 7,212 122,928 21.484 Havel 207,219 175,897 12,585 121,171 5.323 7,752 14.727 14,370 Idaho ... 29.979 1,342 139,184 122.699 7,217 80,585 9,720 3.101 12,851 9,525 13,845 2.820 Illinois 2304,814 2,296,916 114,088 1850,019 217,022 55,288 187.270 172,879 16,743 Indians 331,843 59.112 1256.781 983,085 28819 865.841 87,970 25,898 94,453 79,407 17,008 213,970 43,708 laws 706,932 620.170 43939 403,752 770,275 171 48,607 54,697 3,028 68,893 15,042 Kew 429.385 402.905 19,018 276,834 33,966 11.034 29.203 32,851 480 Kentucky 19,402 8,597 505,111 454,576 16,384 317,917 28,683 9.590 29,197 52.1305 680 32,766 17.188 Loubisne 764,370 875.082 39.771 430,915 38.248 19,830 42,210 104,091 4,523 Maine 62,628 22.157 213,055 192,253 8,433 130.740 14931 4,565 13,803 19,780 5,045 10,338 8449 Maryland 1,102,048 907381 30,387 813.273 78,747 23,703 84,317 5,626 Mossehusetts 71536 148,456 41,006 1,298,591 1.131,709 39,488 808.570 119,394 33,063 59.572 73,821 8,317 123,824 32942 Michhen 2,1335329 2234,112 105,328 1,477,705 197,174 Minna= 54,444 285.213 114,256 23,712 272,288 105,219 1.169316 960946 35,552 844.0913 83,290 17,441 92.085 88,501 18,389 141,541 50.759 Menke 354.286 33'378 15,015 211,422 18322 9,264 22.503 80,097 ON 20,845 4,206 kliamari 904,519 771 390 31,149 538,429 56.800 28,232 58,938 69,842 18,765 Montana 86,497 20368 152,913 146,328 8,288 93.837 11,354 4852 13,535 lama 4.249 3,336 Nebraska 324,276 288,804 18837 195.306 21,917 9,284 21,040 22,739 1,472 26389 9,112 feeds 142519 110,819 4.183 78869 9,380 3,720 7,814 7,205 210 New Hampdlint 24,599 8,991 151537 130.191 5,547 91379 9,871 2,846 8.479 12.389 311 16,687 4,548 New ern 2,018779 1,740,442 73,005 1,155301 134,270 51,882 187,629 138,254 8,010 205,683 83,783 New Mexico 246.143 214,798 8,684 145.147 14,180 6,891 18.899 21.215 8208 New York 20,382 2,765 5,654,600 5.140517 215.308 3,311,287 74313,049 171 715,691 460.513 51,687 273347 188.155 North emoting 885396 803312 31339 543306 39,128 25.438 79,912 83,490 967 North Dakota 89,257 12,849 129,449 115,381 8,682 72,717 9.288 2.237 8,723 15,724 131 11,264 2,702 Ohio 2.158499 1,921.109 82,890 1,358.566 173394 43,774 248.762 113,232 10,685 173,612 53,793 Oklahoma 468,444 422.5.7 19511 273,605 30,724 23334 35,103 39,690 1.284 37.152 7,232 Oregon 839,175 489904 37,304 317.461 37,883 18,242 43,993 35,221 698 38,384 10.189 Pennsylvania 2,814,380 2360.334 104.797 1,528589 7265,616 171 280,846 200406 39,397 Rhoda Mend 293,635 121394 200,206 181,873 8.248 123.027 14,309 3,899 17,780 14,709 409 11.495 8329 South Caroline 484,315 424243 17,305 279,194 23,145 11,409 42,815 60,375 5,375 44,610 South Dakota 10,0136 141.358 129329 6570 84909 9,388 3.170 8,737 15,856 598 9,878 1,863 Teepee 680,694 568,871 25.527 382 ,838 38.787 14.268 51,057 58,213 7,647 Texas 78,243 25,535 2,349,185 1,963,888 99,025 1,447,106 7185,599 171 90.838 141,519 7,437 287,209 90,552 Utah 249543 213,274 10,150 141,790 15,190 7,392 non 113588 7.471 24,856 4341 Vermont 126,703 102,788 U.445 87.783 8,394 2,705 7,390 10,090 58 19,382 3.476 WW1 1,038,989 874,423 27,384 604,328 57,687 31,870 77,528 75,647 8,433 125,069 31,085 endemism 878,955 765,420 38.681 522,512 60,214 22,749 68,321 04.703 2,224 78324 33,887 West Vingnis 339938 308,887 11.530 187.421 19,690 10,035 41449 38,843 5.425 22,707 2,939 INhconsin 1,084393 957.608 34,148 633,532 78,980 29,499 109579 73.488 9.469 83,000 34317 Wymnim 91,377 85,799 5,048 58369 6,062 2.680 6.796 8,355 406 ar 3,794 1,379 °Whin, ems

American Sums 5388 5.412 1,021 3.269 184 eo 220 827 134 Canal lone 440 ... 15,913 15.081 757 10,827 1,173 1,008 1,311 208 706 124 ... Guam 213.284 24,373 2,545 18,348 540 34 316 2.592 17 904 ... Puerto Rico 348,499 329.134 20,799 215,997 16459 3,023 24,784 48372 421 'roust 'renew 9,275 18,944 ... 9,083 880 66,173 171 171 171 171 212 ...... Virgin lends 24,675 23,832 1,543 14,112 1,784 989 2,010 3,415 843 ...... Include expenditures for administration et all !seals. 7 Includes espentlitunla for operation and maintenance of plant, fixed*huge, 2 Inches expandlage by school building autherities. and other school service. Include atimeme for the 6 Status that we wises to differentiate between 7 Dal ere Included under instruction. weendllres lot cessation and for maintenance of plant. 7 Gee for "other progienr included with "other school owykes" NOTE.-Bassue of round*/ details may not add to totals. ExPendltures for maintenance of plant are included with operation 0104111. SOURCE: U.S. Department of liedth. Education, and Wangle. National Cent for Education Meddles. Ssethrice teem Ballot theme 1971-72.

62 76 Table 75. -Summary of ommoditierm for publk liernmttsry ant serombry blutotion, by purpOun United Iltstos. 1910 -20 to 1971 -72 _ .._ - ..... - School vw Pthouse of expenditure [1919 20 1928 30 1939 -40 1819 -50 1959- 60 1961-83 1983-64 1985-68 1987-68 1903- 70 1971-77

2 3 6 8 8 9 10 11 12

AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS

Total eatheridttunth lehools 81.035.151 61.316.79082.34434905.637.643016,613,3861,818.373.3281111.334390,826848.016 1132,977.1113 SOMAS648.080333

Current expenditures. all schools 684,395 1.851377 1.955.166 4.721288 1236).955 14.923.363 17,645,973 21.701384 27243,581 84.853.578 42.213093

Public elernhnesy afel mcondely Almelo 881.120 1343.562 1341.199 4687,374 12229,399 14.739.770 17211446 71.053.380 28871187 34217,773 41817,787

Admunsumion . . . 3,752 78,880 91,671 271050 539.408 648.372 744,770 937.308 1249.028 1.605846 1875.504 1111111411011 . 832.586 1,317,727 1.033285 3,113,340 8,350.738 10.016,280 11150.489 14346.484 16,375 782 23370.158 28.148.308 Plant opethion . 115.107 210,073 194.365 427,587 1.0135.036 5.283.005 1345345 1262.745 7374.838 3,537257 3.145.231 Plant maintenance . 30.432 78.810 73.321 714.184 422.586 477.348 539.186 623381 789.760 974.941 1.1 79.540 fixed charoes ...... 9.285 50,270 50.116 261.039 909.323 1.071278 1.343384 4700955 2,388,288 3.266,920 4.095,504 Oilier Elmo, senthes1 . 36.387 104993 129.141 461,583 1.033.297 1,325.900 294393 1.582858 1399389 3361316 3,373.790

Sun/nth schools 131 131 131 131 13,283 21.328 28,994 70.310 106894 106.481 90364 Aduh education3 . 3,277 9,825 13,367 353)4 28,858 29,528 129,574 151,884 128.778 131 Convnunity wimps . 13/ 12) 13/ 34.492 71.252 245.433 301,145 389 138,513 Community terrines.. 11/ 111 111 11/ to.953 71 .079 78239 155.575 213980.592 361,731 304,766

Capital oullay4 153.643 370.878 357.974 1,014176 2.881,788 2.882.153 2$77.978 3.754,883 4,215.791 4,859.072 4.460.880 Interest 18.212 92.538 130,900 100.578 039.514 587.823 701.044 791,580 977310 1,171783 1278335

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

Total sainndtheth. schools 1003 100.0 100.0 100.0 100A 1003 100.0 1000 100A 100.0 p. Cumin exoenchtum. all schools . 83.4 80.0 83.4 80.9 79.8 81.3 82.7 82.7 134.1 817 879

Public aleinamary and secondary schools 83.1 79.6 828 80.3 79.0 80.3 80.7 80.3 81.5 84.1 87A

Administration 3.5 3.4 3.9 38 3.4 3.6 33 3.8 3.8 39 39 instrucuon 910 58.9 593 53.3 53.5 64.6 55.1 550 55.7 57.3 583 them opium . 1 I 2 9.3 8.3 7.3 6.9 70 63 9.7 6.3 62 63 Plant meintenunth .. 3.9 3.4 3.1 3.7 3.7 33 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 Fixed chews .9 2.2 3.1 4.5 6.8 5.9 63 6.5 72 8.0 03 Other school anneal 3.5 4.4 5.5 7.7 6.6 63 8.5 93 6.1 6.3 7A

Summer schools 13/ 12) 13/ 12/ .1 .1 .1 .3 .3 .3 .7 Adult education3 .3 .4 .2 .2 .4 .6 .5 .3 13/ Corravunity consols ...... 1Si 13) 121 13) .2 .4 1.2 1.1 1.3 .3 13/ Comnsunny unman 11/ 11/ 111 II) .4 .4 .4 .7 .8

OWN MOW 14.8 18.0 11.0 17.4 17.0 15.8 14A 14.3 129 11.5 9.3 Inuthet 1.8 4.0 17 3.1 32 31 3.0 3A 3.9 7.9

1 Aim to 1959-80. luny included under "ocher school senior mere fitted NOTE. -Baptising In 1959-61 Includes Alaska and Health Because of rounding. under "suaskary unvicth." a more commehensem cleenticanon which also Mulls trey not add to totals. includsd communPy sannthe. 1 Pfletto 1959. 60. data shown for aduft education regiment combined SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Wilkie. Notional Center expenchumn lot adult education. summer schools. and community colIeose. for Edmiston St/0Mb% thatesha of State &WO System 3 Date0010010b10. *Plias 10 1966- 68. excludes ague outlay by Sung and local mhoolhausim anhosities Table 78. - Personal income, 1973, related to public school expenditures, by State: 1879 -74

Tots) expenditures for Current expenditures for Personal Income Public elementary end nubile elementary and secondary educationt secondary des schools State Total Amount As 8 percent Amount Asa percent lin millions) Per capita (in thousands) of personal (in thousands) of personal Income Income

1 2 3 4 6 6 7

United States $1,067,825 $5241 $56,031.041 5.30 $48,050,775 4,44

Alabama 13,700 3.871 575,352 4.20 518,888 179 Alaska 1,968 5,933 189,886 8.88 126,419 6.41 Arlon 9.60 4.892 662,828 6.87 830,922 5.60 Arkansas 8,050 3,952 378,622 4.70 317,038 3.94 California 113,745 5,521 8,710,739 5.90 8,128,438 4.51

Colorado 12,258 5,029 885,545 6.59 572,545 4.67 Connecticut 18,285 5,938 848,270 4.64 795,770 4.38 Delaware 3,328 5,778 216,060 6.49 169.870 8.10 District of Cotumbis 4,728 8,337 232,080 4.91 187,302 3.96 Florida 37,799 4,923 1,901.452 4.77 1,478,879 3.91

Georgia 21,032 4,395 978,682 4.84 857,188 4.08 lfetvafl 4,582 5.541 237.149 5.18 202,541 4.42 Idaho 3,398 4,413 168,842 4.90 148,500 Illinois 4.37 84,833 5,770 3,048,470 4.70 2,543,051 3.92 Indiana 28,510 4.997 1.275.647 4.81 1,035,105 3.90

Iowa 15,314 5,273 783,620 4.99 868,000 4.38 Kansas 12,088 5,304 482.025 3.99 449,925 3.72 Kentucky 13,478 4,033 543,600 4.03 474,000 3.82 Louisiana 14,795 3,931 846.000 8.72 753,000 5.09 Maine 4,196 4.082 245,500 5.85 212,000 5.06

Maryland 22,339 5,489 1,325,851 5.94 963,950 4.32 Mauschusetts 30,681 5.263 1.513,388 4.95 1.328200 4.34 Michigan 50,201 6.551 2,893,625 5,78 2,460,126 4.90 Minnesota 20,019 5,137 1.321.197 6.60 1,098,277 5.49 Mississippi 8,112 3,558 454,189 5.60 381,669 4.70

Missouri 23.031 4,841 997,193 4.33 871,998 3.79 Montana 3,378 4,882 201,000 525 191,000 5.88 Nebraska 8,127 5,271 386,276 4.51 319,104 3.93 Nevada 3.148 5,745 182,100 6.15 129.000 4.10 New Hampshire 3.713 4,894 165,083 4.45 142,843 3.85

New Jersey 43,028 6.845 1195,7013 5.10 1,910,000 4.44 NOW Mexico 4,282 3,853 323,209 7.58 264,601 6.21 New York 104,198 5,705 8,665.700 929 5,820,800 5.39 North Carolina 22,577 4.282 1,183,044 5.15 958,195 4.24 North Dakota 3,845 5,895 149.500 4.10 128,000 3.48

Ohio 54A74 5,078 2.457,000 4.51 2,200,000 4.04 Oklahoma 11,658 4,340 518,000 4.48 465.000 4.02 0609011 10,753 4,833 001.109 5.59 544,960 5.07 Pennsylvania 59,427 4,993 3,361,440 5.66 2,709,140 4.66 Rhode Island 4,710 4,841 237,541 5.04 2113,472 420

South Carolina 10,5132 3,882 973,303 5.42 493,107 4.66 South Dakota 3,229 4,713 154.200 4.78 140,350 4.35 Tennessee 16.897 4,095 748859 4.43 6364,759 3.93 Texas 53.912 4,571 2.5413/8 4.73 2,037,745 3.78 Utah 4.711 4,072 292,900 6.22 235,000 4.99

Vermont 1.881 4,054 132,141 7.03 111,989 5.95 Virginia 23,606 4,8813 1,171000 4.99 988,500 421 Washington 17,674 5.164 896,377 5.07 7013,057 4.01 West Virginia 7,107 3,961 3133.801 5.12 331,882 4.87 Whconsin 21.703 4,750 1,217.859 5.61 1,081,732 4.98 Wyoming 1,857 4,695 104,186 6.29 98,496 5.94

I Includes current expenditures. capital outlay, and Interest. SOURCES. (II U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Wallace, National Center for Ethcation Statistics. Statistics of Pubic Elementary and Secondary NOTE. - Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. Day Schools. Pall 197.i. 121 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, August 1974.

64 78 Public School Expenditures Compared with Personal Income

Current expenditures for public elementary and programs, capital outlay, and interest payments on secondary day schools in the United States totaled school debt are excluded from the computations. about $47.0 billion during the school year 1973-74. Comparingpublicschoolexpenditures with Total personal income during the calendar year 1973 personal income is one way of assessing the effort amounted to $1,057.8 billion. A comparison of these State and local governments are making to support figures reveals that the operating budgets of public public education within a State. However, it should schools accounted for 4.44 percent of the Nation's be pointed out that the amount of assistance the personal income. public schools receive from the Federal Government As the accompanying chart and table 76 indicate, varies widely from State to State. In 1971-72, for there are substantial differences among the States in example, the percent of revenue receipts from the the proportion of personal income that went for Federal Government rangedallthe way from public education. Thirteen States and the District of 4.0 percent in one State (Ohio) to 27.8 percent in Columbia spent less than 4.0 percent of their personal another (Mississippi). In general, the States that income for public schools. Fifteen States spent receive large amounts of Federal funds are those with between 4.0 and 4.49 percent; 10 States, between relatively low personal incomes per capita and those 4.50 and 4.99 percent; 6 States, between 5.0 and with numerous Federal installations within their 5.49 percent; and 6 States, 5.50 percent or more. In borders. each case the percentages are based upon the current operating expenditures for public elementary and W. VANCE GRANT secondary day schools. Expenditures for other school specialist In educational statistics

Figure10. Estimated current expenditures for public elementary and secondary day schools, 1973-74, as a percent of personal income in 1973, by State

IMO less than 4.0% 5.0 to 5.49%

CD 4.0 to 4.49% 530% or more

United States 4.44 percent NMI 4.50 to 4.99% 65

79 labia 77.- Estimated expenditure per pupil In average daily attendance In public elementary end secondary day schools, by State: 1973-74

Expenditure per pupil

State or Total 1 Cu rrent2 Coke, Interest on COW OM outlay school debt

1 2 3 4

United Metes $1,281 $1.116 11125 $40

Alabama 790 718 72 3 Alaska 2,102 1,07 407 98 Arizona 1,439 1,153 284 33 Arkansas 912 773 116 24 California. 1,318 1,170 104 44

Colorado 1,278 1,075 169 34 Conntericut 1,359 1,283 40 35 admen 1.747 1,388 288 73 District of Columbia 1,927 1,523 305 FlorkkA 1,030 885 124 21

Georgia 974 889 71 34 Hawaii 1,391 1,224 180 7 Idaho 942 $40 82 20 Illinois 1.425 1,228 158 38 Indians 1,152 950 168 42

lows 1,273 1,113 134 28 Kansas 1,114 1043 so 21 Kentucky 829 727 33 MAW* 1,086 978 $8 31 Maine 1.033 918 87 28

Maryland 1,691 1,188 376 47 Massachusetts 1,279 1,138 90 82 Mahlon 1,469 ago 148 50 Minnesota lASO 1,288 126 89 Mississippi 858 787 62 10

Missouri 1,082 963 92 27 Montana 1,248 1,188 42 20 Nebraska 1,188 1,040 121 27 Nevada 1,278 1 A32 184 60 New Holopshke 1,038 900 100 38

New Jersey 1,588 12 127 53 New PAexleo4 1220 1,08504 206 12 New York 2,037 1.609 161 87 North Carolina 978 900 13 North Dakota 1,101 947 132 23

Ohio 1.120 1,009 83 28 Oklahoma 921 835 72 14 Oregon 1,341 1,219 100 23 Pennsylualsb 1,474 1,247 143 84 Rhode Island 1.415 1,295 78 42

South Caroline 983 858 106 22 South Dakota 1.011 932 68 12 Tennessee 841 789 81 31 Texas 977 809 122 48 Utah 998 818 163 18

Vermont 1.309 1,109 138 40 Virginia 1,142 983 126 35 Washington 1,136 974 124 39 West Virginia 945 871 66 8 Wisconsin 1,335 1,200 es 38 Wyoming 1,301 1,232 so 19 OtitiVini amass

American Sun& 719 683 es asS Canal Zone 1,641 1,487 73 e Guam 908 908 Ose Puerto Ric o3 483 483 30 Virgin islands 1,387 1,387

1 includes current expenditures for day schools, coital outlay, and intereston school debt. 2 includes expenditures for day schools only: excludes adult education,summit schools, community collages, and community maces. 4 Estimates for 1972-73. 4 61411411wrimpil expenditures for kindergarten pupg..

NOTE.-Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Seatiellet of Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fah 1973; and unpublished data.

6so Table 78. -Total and current expenditure per pupil in average daily Table 79.- Expenditures of Federal. State. and focal funds attendance in public elementary and secondary schools; for vocational education; United States United States, 1929-30 to 1973-74 and outlying arms. 1920 to 1973

lln thousands of dollars] Adjusted dollars Unadjusted dollars 11973-74 purchasing School year wadi rod: Curtent3 Total2 Current3 F Wel year Total Federal State Local 2 3 4 6 1 2 3 4 5 1929- 30 $106 $87 $294 $237 1920 88.635 $2.477 $2,670 $3,388 1931 -32 97 81 314 282 1930 29.909 7,404 8,233 14,272 1933- 34 78 67 268 238 1940 55.081 20,004 11,737 23,340 1935-38 88 74 299 281 1942 59,023 20.758 14.045 24.220 1937-38 100 84 328 274 1944 84,299 19.958 15.018 29,325 1939. 40 108 88 354 294 1946 72,807 20.628 18,538 33,841 1941.42 110 98 329 293 1948 103.339 28.200 25,834 51.305 1943 44 125 117 335 314 1950 128,717 40.834 61.561 1045- 46 146 138 371 348 26,823 1952 146,465 26,853 47,818 72.784 1947-48 203 179 408 358 1954 151.289 25,419 54.650 71,320 1949- 50 259 209 610 412 1956 175)388 33.180 81.821 80,884 1951-52 313 244 555 433 1988 209.748 38.733 72,306 98.710 1963-E4 351 285 609 480 1980 238,812 45,313 82.465 111,033 1955- 461 388 294 873 510 1982 283,948 51,438 101,284 128,246 1957-58 449 341 733 557 1984 332,785 55,027 124,975 152,784 1959-80 472 375 749 595 1966 799,896 233,794 216.08E 1981 -62 630 419 822 660 349.518 1968 1,192883 530.117 1963-64 559 460 845 032.384 400.382 696 1970 1,841,848 1985-66 854 537 966 785 300.046 (I) 11,541.801 1972 2.580.759 488,029 12,194.730 1987-89 788 858 1,078 902 II) 1973 3.033,859 482,259 II) 12,551,400 1969 -70 955 8113 1.180 1.008 1971-72 1,128 990 1.279 1.122 Stets funds are included with local funds In column 5. 1973 -744 1.281 1,116 1.281 1,118 NOTE.-Becauve of rounding, details may not add to totals. I Owed on the Consumer Peke Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statialcs, U.S. Department of Labor. SOURCES: II) U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of Education, annual reports onVocational and TechnicalEdureffen. 121 Unpub- Include current apenditunt for day schools. capital outlay, and interest on lished date. school debt. inclirke dm school experditures only: excludes current expenditures for other program. 4 Estimated.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Width, Education. end Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics,Stethacs of State School Systems: for1973-74 estimate.Satisfies of Public Elementary and Secondary Jay &Rooth Pall 1973.

571-602 0 - 75 8 Table 80.Expenditures of Federal. State. end local funds for vocational education, by State: Fiscal year 1973

In thousands of done's!

Expenditures by source State Of Total 1 Federal Suite and other ern local

1

United States and oudWngasses 53,033.859 $483.299 51.581.400

Alabama 37.906 10,289 27,817 Alaska 8.255 948 5.309 Arizona 21.773 4.793 18,980 Arkansas 16,962 5.213 11.749 California 278.170 37.603 238.587

Colorado 33.631 5,578 28,053 Connecticut 43.296 6.716 37.680 Delaware 9,815 1.483 8,352 District of Columbia 4.629 2,092 2,537 Florida 128,936 14.749 114,187

Georgie 48.025 12,448 35.679 Hawaii 8.088 2,101 5.985 Idaho 7,897 2.243 5.654 Illinois 209.709 20,579 189,130 Indiana 34,929 11.052 23,877

Iowa 43.674 7.477 36,197 Kansas 21,341 5,261 16.080 Kentucky 32.738 8,872 23.888 Louisiana 38.347 11,195 27.152 Maine 17,107 3,076 14,031

Maryland 73282 8,839 84.843 Massachusetts 145,388 12.685 132.803 Michigan 75229 19.902 55.327 Minnesota 84.789 8 873 76.216 Mississippi 26,681 6,161 20,600

Missouri 48,175 11,950 38.225 Montane 8.785 2.137 8.828 Nebraska 15.001 3.927 11.074 Nevada 4,515 1,267 3,248 New Herninhire 8.829 2.383 8.286

New Jersey 82.274 12,471 49,803 New Mexico 15.310 3.019 12,291 New York 376.329 33,811 342,718 North Carolina 113,315 18.171 97,144 North Dakota 8.643 2,004 4,639

Ohb 146,708 23,821 128.187 Oklahoma 29.501 6,866 22,835 Oregon 53.438 4,874 48,782 Pennsylvania 189,148 24.145 145,001 Rhode Island 10.142 2,778 7,366

South Carolina 24.088 8,072 18,018 South Dakota 5,9119 1,956 4,013 Tennessee 45,868 10,904 34.962 Texas 150,660 33.489 117.171 Utah 21,820 3,039 18,681

Vermont 9.188 1,385 7,803 Virginia 50,802 11,505 39,297 Washington 88,877 7,324 61,353 West Virginia 17,678 5.323 12,356 Wisconsin 84,686 10,205 74,481 Wyoming 5,189 1.156 4,033 Outlying was:

American Samoa 0 0 0 Guam 1.471 298 1.176 Puerto Rico 29,602 8,068 21,534 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 1,719 251 1,488 Virgin Islands 0 0 0

I Amounts Sr. Ow sum of columns 3 and 4 and may differ from total amounts actually reported.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and INelfere. Office of Educa- tion,Vocational and Technical Education, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1975.

68 Er CHAPTER III Higher Education

Universities and colleges exist in every State in the with rising costs, have found it necessary to increase Union and in all of the larger and more populous their basic student charges over time. Thus the typical outlying areas. More than two - fifths of the entire college student usually finds that his expenses for group of 2,720 institutions are under the control of tuition, fees, room, and board are higher when he State governments or of cities, counties, or other returns to school in the fall than they were the subdivisions of States. Seven service schools and one prneding year. How to raise fees without losing some junior college are controlled by the Federal Govern- le students they would like to attract is increas- ment. The remaining 56 percent of the institutions ina:y a problem for college administrators. are controlled by religious denominations, profes- The National Center for Education Statistics sional organizations, or self-perpetuating groups of conducts an annual survey of opening fall enrollment public-spiritedpersons. The publiclycontrolled in which it obtains statistics directly from the colleges colleges and universities tend to be much larger than and universities on total and first -time students. theirprivatelycontrolledcounterparts. Approx- Preliminary data are usually available within 3 or 4 imately three-fourths of all college students attend months after the opening of the fall term. The public institutions. openingfall enrollment survey has been supple- A salient characteristic of higher education in this mented from time to time by a comprehensive survey countryisitsdiversity. American colleges and in which more detailed information is requested. In universities offer a wide range and great variety of the comprehensive survey, students are classified not programs. For example, a junior college usually offers only by control of institution and by sex but also by only the first 2 years of training at the college level, status as resident or extension students and by but a university normally offers a full undergraduate full-time or part-time attendance. course in the liberal arts, graduate work leading to the Other studies of institutions of higher education doctorate, and courses preparing for entrance into at which have been conducted periodically by this office least two or three of the learned professions. Between include surveys of faculty and other professional these two extremes are numerous colleges which staff;facultysalaries; earned degrees conferred; reflect local needs and purposes. enrollment for advanced degrees; engineering enroll- Higher education has become increasingly accessi- ments and degrees;receipts,expenditures, and ble to all segments of the population. The growth of property; basic student charges, including tuition and public junior colleges and other low-cost public fees and room and board rates; and land-grant institutions means that the expenses of the students institutions. The most recent data from each of these attendingtheseinstitutionscan be heldto a studies are summarized in the pages which follow. minimum. The Basic Educe &mai Opportunity Grant Some of the tables in this chapter provide totals Program, Guaranteed Student Loan Program, and for the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Others other Government programs have also attracted many also include those outlying areasAmerican Samoa, students who otherwise would have found it difficult the Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Trust to finance a college education. Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin A less optimistic sidelight to higher education is Islandswhich have within their borders ore or more that most American colleges and universities, faced institutions of higher education. The coveragoof each table is specified in its title or in the table stilt,. Table 91. -Total enrollment in institutions of higher educetion. by attendance status. sex of student, control of institution. and Rote: FaN 1973

State Total Attendance status Sec of maim Control of institution or enrollment *---- . other wee Fir II.time Pertame Men Women Public j Private -.. 1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8

United States 9.602223 8.189.493 3.412.630 6.371.033 4231.071 721%516 2.182,007

Alabama 126.829 89.938 38.891 71.361 55.468 110.515 16.314 Alaska 13.224 4.767 8.457 6,025 7.160 11,987 1.237 Anions 138.188 72.431 85.757 79,834 58.654 133,504 4,884 Arkansas 53,872 41,998 11,878 29,918 23.754 44.781 8.891 California 1.489.144 719.594 749.550 825.092 644.063 1.323,013 148.131

Colorado 131.893 94.398 37,595 74.240 57,763 117,978 14.015 Connecticut 135.911 86,331 50.880 73.607 62204 83,509 52,402 Denham 28,888 18,384 10.524 15,433 13,455 24,807 4,081 District of Cia lumbis 80.324 48,805 33.519 47,987 32.357 14,638 05,9136 Florida 281.104 180.545 100.552 160.608 120.409 234235 40,009

Gargle 148.001 106.392 40.200 803170 65,631 119244 27,357 Hash 42.817 30,933 11.684 23.668 18.981 39.673 3,044 Idaho 36.188 26.410 9.788 20.051 16.147 28.479 6.719 Illinois 497.148 308.662 190.484 272,376 224,771 384220 132.926 Indians 200,124 141,422 58.702 113.118 87.000 145,578 54.548

lova 109.2134 91.133 18.161 82,780 46.504 73,835 35.649 Kansas 108.023 78.530 29,493 60,003 47,080 95204 12219 Kentucky 110.759 78.418 32,343 60.538 50,221 91,885 18,894 Louisiana 135.237 102,637 32.800 75.409 59.828 116.428 19,809 Meine 36.122 27,049 9.073 20.299 15.823 27,297 8225

Maryland 177.268 100.049 77,219 96.119 82.149 144,881 32,407 Masachustas 333.860 232,009 100,041 186355 146.595 139.789 193,081 Michigan 426.259 250.188 178,001 237.785 188.494 374.684 51.675 Minnesota 163.282 119.570 43,712 90.050 72.632 130,894 32.388 litssinippi 82.314 84.783 17,531 43,337 38,977 72,917 9,397

Missouri 193.193 1213.176 64.017 109,910 83283 140,160 83,033 PAgnana 77.317 22.460 4.867 16.692 11,025 24.628 2.889 Napalm 88.034 48.847 17.187 38.732 29,302 82.433 13.001 Nevada 20.044 13,321 6.723 11.754 8.290 19,927 117 New Hampshire 33.389 28,051 5,348 19.553 13,948 19.284 14,135

New Jersey 256,357 149,292 108.066 137.167 118,190 187,688 67,659 New Mexico 48,839 33.716 15.124 28.418 20,421 44.601 4238 New York 903.959 580.291 343.688 482.474 421,486 644,820 359.139 North Car a 201.833 158.101 48.532 115,611 89.122 154,989 49,664 .North Da ...e 29,460 24.413 6.017 18.818 12.642 28.194 1,288

Ohio 396.888 279.610 117.266 227.799 169,087 208250 98.316 Oklaame 125.983 88,098 39.865 74.700 51.283 105.933 20.030 Oregon 122.341 79.838 52.505 73,197 59.144 118.089 14272 Pennsylvania 440.866 308.794 133.872 250.178 190290 281,601 179.165 Rhode Island 55.122 34,391 20.731 31.168 23.954 29,989 25.133 South Caroline 96.496 74.098 22.398 65.363 41.133 73,945 mai South Dakota 26.530 22,173 4,357 15.092 11.438 20296 6.035 Tonnages 154,893 112.930 41,963 87.147 67.746 117.183 37.740 Teas 503,250 344,998 168.752 294.954 208.798 422,985 80.785 Utah 80.486 62.712 17.753 47,524 32.941 49,987 30.478

Vermont 27.707 22.241 5.466 13,688 14.121 16.157 11.550 Virginia 193.277 124,347 68,930 101,316 91.961 164,987 29.320 Washington 199,478 133.686 85,812 106,814 90.684 178.771 22.707 Wen Virginia 69.201 48.019 20.182 36.878 31.323 57,949 10,252 Wisconsin 721.277 152.679 68.598 125,608 95,689 191.271 30,046 Wyoming 17,922 10.529 7,393 9.874 8.048 17,922 0 U.S. Sehrice Schools -18.573 16.573 0 16.667 6 18,573 0 Outlying NOS 82.174 67.192 24992 43.112 49.0132 58,991 33,283

Arnericen Samoa 909 408 503 551 358 909 0 Canal Zone 1.832 470 1.162 839 793 1.832 0 Guam 3.430 2.145 1.285 1.830 1,600 3,430 0 Puerto Rico 64.390 6322 20,939 39.202 45.188 51.107 33283 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 115 115 0 90 25 115 0 Virgin Islands 1.698 604 1.094 600 1.098 1.698 0

NOTE. -Tool enrollment includes students whose programs of study are SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Wafers. Natrona Center creditable toward a bachelor's or higher degree end also undergraduate students in for Education Statistics. Pall Enrollment in lather Education. 1973. 2.. or 3isar occupational programs which ere not creditable award a bachelor's dares. Table 92.Total and *Mime degrecoredit enrolment In Institutions of WAN education. by Stem Fall 1973 and fall 1974

State Total enrollment Firstiirra students or other wee 1973 19741 1973 19741

1 2 3 4 5

Linked States 8.519.750 8.900.808 1.750.(64 1.850,000

Ak Mame 118,118 123.000 25,683 27A00 Masks 12.550 13.900 3,308 3,000 Arizona 116,988 122.000 23,481 25.000 Manses 51.938 54.000 11,603 12.000 California 1.157,313 1,209,000 222.479 235,000

Colorado 117,995 123.000 23.984 25,000 Connecticut 133,852 140,000 30,517 32.000 Delmar° 28,718 29,000 5,761 .000 District of Columbia 79.428 83.001) 10,582 118,000 Florida 245,197 259.000 50.767 53,000 Moro le 138,877 143.000 25,509 27,000 Horan 35.884 37,000 7,752 8000 Idaho 30.893 32.000 8.800 9.000 Illinois 424,440 444.000 84,036 138,000 Indiana 180,600 197.000 38.181 40.000

Mao 98,884 101,001) 21.540 23.000 Karam 102,934 106A(10 24.141 25.000 Kentucky 104.433 109.000 20.302 21.000 Louisiana 131,584 2079 28A00 Maine .32.822 /34,000 6.579 7.000

hlwahind 154,126 1131,001) 28.988 32.000 Messechusetts 339,442 323,000 63.940 67,000 Michigen 352.028 389.000 79.990 84,000 Minnesoto 155418 1133A00 2E1,752 31 fAissIssippi 73,042 78,000 19,719 21A.00000

Missouri 180.923 169.000 36.0130 38,000 Montana 28,277 27.000 5,871 6,000 *bake 62.255 65.000 12,413 13000 Nevado 15,700 16,000 4,768 5.000 New Nommishe 29,888 31.000 13.873 7,000

New Away 234.173 245,000 49,787 52,000 New Skidoo 47.260 49.000 8.408 9,000 New York 8813.652 927.000 173.772 184,000 North Caroline 1133,024 170AM/ 37/335 40.900 Dakota 26.378 28/303 6.383 7.000

Ohio 353,282 370000 74.075 78.000 Okla horns 120,827 mow 24.881 28,000 Oregon 103.470 109A00 23,121 24A00 Pannsalvenie 407.367 428,000 88,281 93,000 Rhode Idand 52,853 55.000 11,403 12,000

South Carolina 88.488 92.000 24.607 28.000 South Dakota 25,397 27,000 5,779 8,000 Tunnels's 148.361 155.900 28.380 30,000 Texas 457.228 479AM/ 97.998 104.900 Utah 71.148 74.001) 13.177 14000

Vermont 25,770 27.000 6,639 7,000 Virginia 179,629 187AM/ 20,606 31.000 ,moan 156.088 183,000 36.786 39,000 West WOW' 64,338 87.000 13,929 15,000 Wissandn 172,882 181.000 34,071 38,000 Wyoming 15.812 17000 2.733 3,000

U.8. Service Schools 18,573 17.000 4.371 5.000 Outlying ems. 84,003 WOO 18,874 19,000 American Minns 909 1 A00 343 (2) Owl Zone 1,632 2,000 710 1.000 Cluom 2.951 3.000 767 1.900 Puerto Rico 78,932 60.000 18.457 17.000 Virgin Islands 1,579 2,000 97 12)

! Esdrnsted. 3Prow thin 500 students.

SOURCES: US. Depertsrant of Medd% Education, end Welts% Nadonet Center for Education Ststistics, Pail Enrollment In Miter Education. 1973: and Notional Center for Education Statistics stibnite. Table 83. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment and by State: Fall 1973

All degree Degree credit students Non. credit and degree. State iendegree Under First Graduate Unclassified credit Or credit Total graduate professional students Other aces students

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 United States 9.602.123 8,819,760 6233,047 218.990 1,123,482 644261 1.082.373 - - .- Alebema 1283339 118.118 93.170 2.102 12,392 9,854 8.711 Awake 13.224 12.550 9.072 0 1,725 1,753 674 Ansune 138.188 118,985 86.198 1.370 16.953 13,444 21,223 Arkansas ..... 53.672 51,938 45,021 1.200 4.337 1.380 1.734 California 1.469,144 1,157,313 895.698 27.239 148,584 86,784 311,831

Colorado 131.993 117.996 88.054 1.893 16,909 12.339 13.9913 Connecticut ...... 136,911 133.652 100,841 2.318 24,889 6,028 2,259 Delayers 28,898 28.718 17.588 0 1,783 7,349 2.170 District of Columbia .. 80,324 79,428 40.681 8.167 17.810 1 2,770 898 Ronde ...... 281.104 245,197 195,693 3,959 19,371 26,174 35.907

Georgia . . 146,801 136,877 106.671 4.606 20808 4.692 9,724 Hewes ...... 42,817 35.884 27,931 62 4,066 3,615 8,963 Idaho 35 198 30.893 26.673 286 3.058 896 4.305 Ilimoa... . 497,146 424,440 310,033 18,187 62.661 36,659 72,708 indiums ...... 2011,124 188.600 142,217 4,662 32,043 9,678 11,524

lows . 109.284 98.884 79,201 3.494 11,110 3,059 12.420 Kansas . 108,023 102.934 82,041 2,321 13,744 4,828 6,089 Kentucky . . 110,759 104.433 84.066 4,522 14.184 1,671 8.328 Louisiana 135,237 131,564 108,057 4.640 15.252 3,716 3,873 ..... 38,122 32,822 23,689 292 1,901 8,940 3,300 Maryland 177,268 154,126 109.858 3,87d 21,885 18,527 23,142 N'enachusetts 332,860 309,442 218,587 11,517 80,239 29,129 23.408 Michigan 428.269 352.028 283,593 10.650 50.327 7.468 74,231 Minnesota 183,282 165.418 123.458 4.439 20.552 6,969 7,884 Mississippi 82,314 73,042 82,123 1.229 7,985 1,705 9,272

Missouri . 193,193 180,923 127,880 7,887 23.287 21,869 12,270 Montana 27,317 26.277 23.243 187 1.898 949 1,040 Nebraska 66.034 82,265 51,04t 2,459 6.592 2,163 3.779 Nevada ...... 20.044 16,700 12,160 0 1,896 1,854 4.344 New Hampshire m.398 29.688 24,432 109 2.800 2.347 3,711

New Jersey 255.357 234,173 171425 4,039 38,662 22,157 21,184 New Mexico 48.839 47,260 38,272 584 5,683 4,841 1.679 New York 903.959 888.852 661.266 17,884 139.374 68,349 17.107 North Carolina 201,633 163.024 131.126 4,358 18,594 10,948 41,609 North Dakota 29.460 28.378 22,172 350 1,998 1,880 3.082

Ohio 396.866 353.282 283.748 10.238 43.603 16.695 43,584 Oklahoma 125.963 120,627 98,317 2,477 16,248 4.485 6.436 Oregon 132,341 103,470 78.795 2,878 12,614 11.486 28,871 Pennryiyane 440,868 407.361 298.898 12.823 53.174 42.474 33.299 Rhode bland 66,122 62,863 37,055 139 6,125 9,534 2,269

South Carolina 96.498 88.488 74,999 1.881 10.226 1.382 8.008 South Dakota 26.630 25.3137 21 -795 401 2,139 1,052 1,143 Tennessee 154,893 148,381 117,545 4,653 17,062 9,141 8,512 Texas 503.750 467,228 378.573 12.600 61,724 14,331 46.522 Utah 80.485 71.148 60.739 953 7.179 2,277 9.317

Vermont 27,707 25.770 20,941 301 1,828 2.702 1,937 Virginia 193.277 178,829 109.952 3.599 23.292 41.788 14,848 Washington 199,478 156,066 122,317 2.935 18.234 14.680 43.412 West Virginia 69.201 64,338 49.886 852 9,762 3,837 3885 Wisconsin 221.277 172.882 136,897 3,117 21,300 12.588 48.396 Wyoming 17,922 16,812 9,914 231 1,481 4,206 2,110

U.S. Service Schools 16.573 16.673 14,705 0 1,803 86

Outlying areas 92,174 84.003 72,133 2289 4,488 5,113 8.171 American Samoa ...... 9013 909 909 0 0 0 o Canal Zone 1,632 1,632 1,832 O 0 0 0 Guam 3.430 2.951 2.393 0 549 9 479 Puerto Rico ...... 84,390 78,932 66,749 2,289 3,904 4,010 7.468 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 116 0 0 0 0 0 115 Virgin brands 1,898 1.579 450 0 36 1.094 119 SOURCE U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. stational Center for Education Statistics, PO Enrollment in Higher Education.

72 86 Table 84. - Resident dcypeaceedit enrollment in institutions of Maher education, by State and by place of residence: Fell 1972

Duval. All students In 41tate students Stets students Foreign students State or , other area Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

United Stets 7,989232 100.0 6.676,872 83.8 1.141038 14.3 rot 244 1.9

Alphonse '09.389 100.0 95.001 88.9 13,460 12.3 828 .8 Alaska 11,978 100.0 10.791 90.1 1.032 8.8 188 1.3 Arisons 102.858 100.0 85.074 82.7 16.158 157 1,825 1.6 Arkansas 51,300 100.0 44.080 85.9 8.870 13.4 370 .7 California 1.012A39 100.0 988.314 94.1 37,582 3.7 23.143 2.2

Colorado 111.219 100.0 77.714 89 9 31 426 28.3 2,079 1.9 Connecticut 129.033 100.0 107.016 82.9 2thei09 16.1 1.208 .9 Delaware 20.341 100.0 11,281 55.6 8.782 43.1 298 1.5 District of Columbia 72,833 100.0 22,633 31.0 43938 80.5 6.183 8.5 Flotide 224.033 100.0 191.488 85.5 29.132 13.0 3449 1.6

Georgia 134.278 100.0 108,647 80.9 23.741 17.7 1.890 1.4 Haydn 33.539 100.0 29.008 88.5 2.758 8.2 1.773 5.3 Idaho 30.074 100.0 22.484 74.7 7,036 23.4 574 1.9 Illinois 401.098 100.0 358.748 89.2 34A16 8.6 8.838 22 Indiana 189.903 100.0 144975 78.3 42,308 22.3 2.719 1.4 love 97,831 100.0 72972 74.8 23,408 24.0 1,351 1.4 Kansas 100.929 100.0 82981 82.2 18.300 18.1 1988 1.7 Kentucky 98.883 100.0 79295 802 18904 18.8 084 1.0 Louisiana 130.021 100.0 114,578 88.1 13.105 10.1 3.338 18 Maine 30,527 100.0 21.768 71.3 8.489 27.8 280 .9

Maryland 147.742 100.0 120,384 81.6 24.851 163 2.827 1.7 Mauschugetts 277,883 100.0 188,048 67.7 81.841 29.4 7974 2.9 Michigen 339,173 100.0 304912 902 27.199 8.0 6.052 1.8 Minnesota 138.444 100.0 115984 83.8 19,888 142 2.804 2.0 Mississippi 72,865 100.0 86,423 89.8 8912 9.3 630 .9

Missouri 174.721 100.0 139.157 79.8 32,313 18.5 3251 1.9 Montane 25.944 100.0 21.495 82.9 4213 182 238 a Nebraska 81.301 100.0 49,433 80.6 10974 17.9 894 1.5 Nevada 14,076 100.0 11,405 81.0 1,954 13.9 717 5.1 New Hampshire 27,880 100.0 13,883 4432 14,874 62.7 323 12

New Jersey 218.700 100.0 197,435 90.3 18.343 8.4 2.922 1,3 New Mexico 44.999 100.0 38.364 85.3 5934 132 701 1.6 New York 830.733 100.0 736.758 88.7 742138 9.0 19,809 2.4 North Caroline 161.579 100.0 115,250 78.0 34.482 22.7 1,887 1.2 North Dakota 25.760 100.0 21.495 83.5 3.781 14.7 474 1.8

Ohio 354.737 100.0 298.858 84.3 52.179 14.7 3.690 1.0 Oklahoma 114.930 100.0 0,614 88.7 13,054 11.4 2,282 2.0 Oregon i. 89,314 100.0 71,482 80.5 15,289 17.1 2.183 2.4 Pennsyhonie 383.506 100.0 315,663 82.3 131.588 18.1 8.254 1.8 Rhode Island 39.993 100.0 35.579 64.0 13,210 33.0 1,204 3.0

South Cornball 78,515 100.0 64.600 82.3 13.397 17.1 518 .7 South Dakota 25.626 100.0 19,834 77.4 5,580 21.7 242 .9 Tennessee 141920 100.0 108.086 76.1 31978 22.5 2.008 1.4 Texas 437.796 100.0 391938 89.5 389:0 84 9.228 2.1 Utah 68.389 100.0 43.729 84.0 22.541 33.0 2.100 3.1

Vermont 23.914 100.0 10,903 45.6 12997 53.1 314 1.3 WOMB 145,880 100.0 114915 783 29.793 20.4 1.172 3 Washington 147,663 100.0 129.332 87.8 15.121 102 3.110 2.1 West Virginia 57.278 100.0 41,884 72.7 15903 282 811 1.1 Wisconsin 159.711 100.0 142.383 83.9 24.141 14.2 3.707 1.9 Wyoming 13.469 100.0 10,699 79.5 2,971 18.4 289 2.1

U.S. Service Schools 113999 100.0 731 4.4 15.700 94.1 368 1.5

Outlybes rem 78.818 100.0 73.474 93.5 1995 2.3 3,839 4.2

American Samoa 883 100.0 883 100.0 0 .0 0 .0 Canal Zone 1,419 100.0 1,118 78.8 0 a 301 212 Guam 2.988 100.0 1.487 49.1 941 31 5 680 19.4 Puerto Rico 72.759 100.0 69,555 056 839 12 2.388 3.3 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 121 100.0 121 100.0 0 .0 0 .0 Virgin Islands 488 100.0 350 74.8 28 6.3 93 19.9 ' - NOTE. -Oats from the maidens* and migration study differ slightly from those 8',URCE; U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Center previously published inPOE Enrollment in Mahar Education. 1971Because rf for Education Statistics.Residence and Migration of College Students. Pall 1972 rounding, percents may not add to 100.0. Table 85. -Selected statistic' for the 00 institutions of higher education enrolling the largest number of students: United States, fell 1973

Enrollment by Enrollment by Sell attendance status Institution R0/11, Control 3 Type3 Total order! cnrutlment4 Men Women Full-time Pentime

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

University of California . . . . 1 1 U 147,134 87.988 59,1413 113,998 33,136 University of North Caroline 2 1 U 94,786 51,917 42,889 78,889 18,897 Indiana University 3 1 U 88,963 37,942 31.021 42.484 26.499 Pennsylvania State University 4 1 U 66,478 38.878 28,598 44.083 21,393 University of Minnesota 6 1 U 85.237 39,574 26,663 43,717 21,520

University of Illinois 6 1 U 60.032 i .. +'? 22,770 51.431 8.801 University of Maryland 7 1 U 54,525 JO_1'Ai 24,157 37,238 17.289 University of MissOurt 8 1 U 52.648 32.3tii 20.185 37,382 15,188 Ohio State University 9 1 U 61 .491 31,09i 20.394 45,123 8,388 Chicago Cow Colleges 1111.1 10 1 T 45,595 21,631 23,984 17,945 27,660

Michigan State University 11 1 U 44.988 24,838 20,328 35.200 9.766 University of Tens at Austin 12 1 U 43,863 26.167 17.888 39,539 4,314 University of Tennessee 13 1 U 43,333 25,468 17.887 31.139 12,194 University of Michigan 14 1 U 43.180 25 .490 17,670 33.950 9,210 Louisiana State University 16 1 U 41,701 24,092 17.809 31,753 9,948

Rutgers, The State University (N.3.1 18 1 U 40,740 24,323 18 .417 26.889 14,041 University of Wisconsin, Madison 17 1 U 38,315 22,860 15.685 30,378 7,937 Purdue University find.) 18 1 U 38.857 23.209 13.848 27.178 9.879 University of Cincinnati 10hall 19 1 U 36.282 21.760 14.602 22,935 13,327 University of Nebraska ...... 20 1 U 38.204 20.650 15,554 24.845 11.559

University of Washington 21 1 U 34.942 20.907 14.035 30,273 4,689 City Univ. of N.Y.. Brooklyn Collar 22 1 F 4,382 15,813 18,589 19.550 14.832 University of Kentucky 23 1 U .s4,187 19,209 14,958 24,969 9.2013 Northeastern University Mess.) 24 2 U 34.078 22.895 11.383 18,269 17,809 Wayne State Univenoy (Mich.) 25 1 U 33.908 19,326 14.583 20,882 13.047

California State Univ., San Diego 28 1 F 33,344 18,331 16.013 18,888 14,458 University of Colorado 27 1 U 32,795 19,430 13,365 24,812 8.183 California State Umv., San Jose 28 1 F 32,678 17,163 15 ,416 18,677 16,001 University of Pittsburgh (Pa.) 29 1 U 32.628 19,083 13,445 19,690 12,838 Southern Illinois University 30 1 U 32,488 19,593 12,873 23.898 8.570

Arizona Stir' wetter, 31 1 U 31,849 18.007 13,842 19,396 12,453 Temple University (Pa.) 32 1 U 31,049 18,484 12,585 17,931 13,118 California State Univ.. Long Beech 33 1 F 30.774 17.687 13,187 18,089 14,705 University of Massachusetts 34 1 U 30,600 17,473 13,027 27,170 3,330 City Univ. of N.Y.. Queens College 35 1 F 30.346 13.117 17,228 17,223 13.122

Miami Dada Junior College IFIa.1 38 1 T 30,097 18,753 14,344 16,/130 14,337 New York University 37 2 U 28.643 18,644 11.999 13,539 15,101 Son Diego City College (Celd.) 38 1 T 28,133 17,548 10,588 7,713 20,420 University of Arizona 39 1 U 27,706 15,885 11,821 18,889 8.817 Brigham Young University (Utah) 40 2 U 27.687 14,421 13.146 22,050 5,517

University of Houston (Tee.) 41 U 27.552 18,816 10,737 18,869 10.883 California State Univ., Northridge 42 F 23,870 13.839 12,631 14,710 11,780 University of South Carolina 43 U 18,342 16,524 10,818 18 ,499 7,843 Long Beach City aglow (Calif.) 44 T 25.800 13,331 12,469 6 ,498 20,302 University of Florida 45 U 25.823 18,128 9,495 22.675 2.9413

University of Maine 46 U 26,441 13,530 11,911 18,785 8,678 Kent State University (Ohio) 47 U 24,972 13,371 11,801 19.073 5.899 University of Wisconsin. Mihrookee 48 F 24.943 14.110 10.833 15,115 9,828 California State Univ., Los Angeles 49 F 24.865 13,7613 11,097 10,785 14.080 Orange Coast College (Calif.) so T 24,415 12,389 12,047 8.108 18,307

El Gamboa College (Calif.) 51 T 24,373 13,427 10,946 8,931 17,442 State Univ. of N.Y. at Buffalo 52 U 24.191 14,654 9,537 17,037 7,164 City Univ. of N.Y.. Hunter College 53 F 23.899 8.173 17.528 13,421 13,278 University of Virginia 64 U 23,603 12,808 10.795 13,484 10.139 University of Oklahoma 55 U 23,684 14,764 8,830 18.277 7,307

Boston University (Mass.) 68 2 U 23,581 11,039 11,912 17,381 8,200 Northern Illinois University 57 1 U 23,063 12,182 10,871 15,047 8.006 California State Univ., San Francisco 58 1 F 22,983 11.301 11,882 12,930 10,053 Columbia University IN.Y.I 59 2 U 22.841 12,57.1 10,288 15,868 6,973 University of Arkansas 60 1 U 22.835 13,459 9.376 17,108 5,727

I Institutions inked by size of total enrollment NOTE. For institutions with more than one campus, enrollment shown is the 3 Publicly controlled institutions are identified by a privately controlled, by combined figure for all campuses. a "2-. 3 The types of institutions are identified as follows'1.1", universities. 'I", other SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, National Center 4yeer institutions, '7", 2.year institutions. for Education Statistics. Pali Mtralimeni In Higher Education. 107.i. 4 Includes students whose programs of study are creditable toward a bothelor's or higher degas, and also undergaouate students in 1-, 2, or 3-Year occupational programs which are not creditable toward e bachelor's degree.

7488 Table N. Degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education compared with population aged 18 24: United States, felt 1950 to fe111973

Population Number an Population Number en- Yee, 18 24 years Enrollment roiled per 100 Year 18-24 years Enrollment rolled Per 100 of *el persons 18-24 of *gel persons 18-24 years of age years of age

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1960 16,076.000 2,286,500 14.2 1960 16.128.000 3,682,726 222 1951 16,781,000 2,107,108 13.4 1951 17,004300 3,860343 22.7 1952 15,473,000 2.139.158 13.8 1982 17,888000 4,174638 23.8 1963 15,356.000 2.235.977 14.8 1963 18,268300 4,494,026 24.8 1954 15,103,000 2.452.468 18.2 1984 18.783.000 4,950 173 28.4

1956 14665,000 2.660,429 17.8 1966 20,293,000 5328.326 27,2 1956 14.980300 2,927,387 19.5 1966 21,378,000 25.928.000 27.7. 1957 15,095.000 3,047.373 202 1987 22,327,000 6,406,000 21, 7 1958 15.307.000 3.235,414 21.2 1988 22,883300 8,928,115 30.3 1959 15,677000 3,377,273 21.5 1969 23.723,000 7,484,073 315

1970 24.683000 7,920.149 32.1 1971 25.776000 8,116,103 31.5 1972 25,901,000 8,265,057 31,9 1973 28,361,000 8,519,750 32.3

1 Thom Bureau of the Census estimates are a of July 1 preceding the opening of SOURCES: 111 U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National the academic year. They Include Armed Forces OMNI& Center for Education Statistics,Asa Ennoilitiont fn Mew Education.121 U.S. 2 Estimated. Department ofCOMM**Bureau of the Census.clement Population Rape" Series P-25, Nos. 311 and 519. NOTE.- Date are for 50 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning In 1953, enrollment figures Include resident and extension students; data for earlier yeas exclude extension studenN.

Table 87.Degree credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by see and by control of Institution: United States, 6111940to 6111974

Enrollment by sex Enrolment by control Enrollment by sex Veer Enrollment by control foal of Institution Yew Total of Institution Men Women Public Private Men Women Public Private I 2 3 4 5 8 1 2 3 4 5 8

1948 v2,078,095 11,417,695 121 1680300 pi 1981 3,886,643 2,4013,601 1.452,042 2328,912 1331,731 1947 2,338,226 1359,249 678,977 1,162,377 1,185,849 1982 4.174,938 2,987.291 1,597345 2.673,720 1,601,216 1948 2,403296 1)09267 694,029 1,185388 1,217,808 1953 4,494,828 2,772,562 1,722364 1949 2,444,900 1,721,572 2.848.454 1.848.172 723,328 1,207,151 1,237,749 1964 .. 4,950,173 3,032,992 1,917,181 3,179,627 1.770348 1960 2,281,298 1360,392 720.908 1,139399 1,141,599 1965 6.526.325 3274,603 2,161.722 3,624,442 1,901,883 1951 2,101,962 1,390,740 711,222 1337338 1,064,024 19601 5,928,000 3,577,000 2,351,000 3,940000 1388,000 1952 2,134,242 1,380,367 753,885 1,101,240 1.033,002 19671 6,392.000 3.822300 2,670,000 4,249,000 2,043,000 1953 2.231,054 1.422,598 806,456 1,185,878 1,045,178 1968 6,928.116 4,119,002 2.800,113 4,891.743 2.038,372 1954 1,583.382 2,4413,693 883,311 1,353,531 1,093,182 1969 7,4840734,419,147 3,064,626 5,414,934 2,069,139 1955 2353,034 1,733,184 919,850 1,476,282 1,176,752 1970 7,920,1494,036,641 3.283,509 5300,089 2.120.060 1966 2,918,212 1,911,458 1,006.754 1356.402 1.281310 1971 8,116,103 4,717,098 3,399.005 6.013,934 1937 2,102,169 3036.938 1,985,088 1,051,860 1,752,669 1,2134269 1972 8,265.0417 4,700,822 3154,435 6,159,929 2.106,129 1968 3,225.038 2,092,218 1,133320 1,883,980 1,342,078 1973 8,619,750 4,772,288 3247,4824389.619 2,131,131 1959 3,384,861 2,1532135 1,211296 1.972,457 1,392,404 19741 8,900,0004,900300 43000008.703300 2,200,000 1980 3,582,728 2,256,877 1225,849 2,115,893 1,460333

Estimated. 2 Data not available. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics,Pori Muttliment fn Higher Education;and estimates of the National Center for Education Statistic. NOTE. Beginning in 1960, dote are for 50 States end the District of Columbia; date for earlier years are for 48 States end the District ofColumbia. Beginning in 1853, enrollment figures Include resident end extension students: data for earlier years exclude *revision students,

75 69 Table 88. - Resident degree-ceadit enrollment In Institutions of higher eduanion related to total population and to age roux 18 -21 and 18 -24: UnitedMetes, 1889-70 to fall 1972

001Ntet tont Resident degree-credit enrollment Ratios

Total resident degrastredit Undergrad- students to 100 of- uate Year Torah 749.7 Ages Total Under. Graduate resident 19. 213 18 243 greduete4 degree. Total Penult' Papule. midst papule tion tow students to non 18-21 18-24 100 of popu lawn 18- 21

2 3 4 8 7 8 9 10 11

Academic year 1869 70 39.818.449 3.116.000 4.574.000 52.288 15/ 15/ 0.13 1.68 1.14 18/9 HO 50.1567113 4.253200 igaz000 116,8 7 111 t .23 2.72 1.63 1103 90 . 62247.714 5.160.000 8.826000 158.756 154,374 2,382 .25 3.04 1.78 2.99 1890 1900 75.994.575 5.931.000 10.357200 237.592 231.781 6.831 .31 4.01 2.29 3.91 1909 10 ..... 90.492.000 6934,000 12.300.000 366,213 346,080 9.153 .39 5.12 2.89 4.99

1919 104.512.000 6388.000 12,836000 597,880 682.288 15,612 .57 8.09 4.88 728 1929 30 121.770.000 8,862,000 16,280.000 1,100,737 1.053,482 47,256 .90 12.42 7.20 1129 1939 40 . 131.028.000 9.582200 18.458.000 1,494,203 1.388.456 106,748 1.14 15.59 9.08 14.49 1941 42 ...... 133.402.000 9.706000 18.715.000 1.403.990 61.318.547 685.443 1.06 14,47 8.40 13.59 1943 44 . 136.736000 6706.000 16214,000 1,156.272 61.096041 659,231 .84 11.90 823 11.29

194b 46 139.928.000 9.667.000 16.790.000 1,876251 1.555.599 121.252 1.20 17.55 9.99 18.28 194/ 48 144.126.003 9,276,000 18,419,000 2.816.282 2.441.830 174.432 1.82 2820 15.93 28.32 1949 60 149.188.000 8.990.000 16.120.000 2,856021 2,421213 237.208 1.78 29.58 16.50 28.94 19b1 62 154.283.000 8.742200 16.706000 6301284 2.068257 233.327 1.49 26.33 14.65 23.66 1983 54 169.559.000 8.441200 15.221200 2.514.712 2.237.713 278,999 1.58 29.79 18.52 26.51

1st tam ut academic year November 1963 . . 159.559.000 8,441,000 15.221.000 2,199,972 1,976.883 223.109 1.38 26.06 14.46 23.42 November 1965 166.278.000 8,608,000 14.966,000 2.597.670 2,347256 250,014 1.67 30.53 17.36 27.69 1st term. 1957 58 171218.000 8.844200 16,118,000 2,896585 2,621.919 277.648 1.69 32.79 19.18 29.65 1st term 1959 60 177,830,000 9,190.000 15.677200 3.21%544 2,873,724 341,820 121 34.99 20.51 31.27 1st term. 1981 62 183291.000 10,290,000 172134,000 6726,114 3,326288 397,826 2.03 38.21 21.91 32.34

Fall 1953.. 189,242200 11,171.000 18.266000 4,234.092 3.755215 478.677 2.24 37.90 23.18 33.82 Fall 1903 200.706.000 14.529.000 22.883.000 8,659.203 5,856279 807.924 3.32 4523 29.10 40.27 Fait 1989 ...... 202.877.000 14228.000 23,723,000 7,136075 8.308.029 828.046 3.52 49.47 30.08 43.73 Fall 1970 .... 204.879,000 14.705200 24.683.000 7,545,340 6,645,308 900.032 328 51.31 30.57 45.19 Fall 1971 207.045.004 15.019.000 25.776.000 7,799.644 8.891.876 907,868 3.77 51.93 30.28 45.89

Fall 1972 208.842.0W 16.432.000 25.901.000 7.956528 7,007,188 943.358 321 51.52 30.70 45.41

I Armed Forces oversees are excluded from 1889-70 to 1929-30. they ere 4 Includesstudio senrolledforfirst-professionaldegreeS.Also includes included in 1939-40 and subsequent years. "undessified" students when not reported by level. 2 Oats are actual census counts as of June 1 from 1870 to 19011 for later years Date not available. they are estimates by the Bureau of the Census es of July I preceding the fell 6 Distribution by level estimated. term of each school year. 3 Data from 1869- 70 to 1939- 40 are estimates by the Office of Education from SOURCES! U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Centx figures for brood alp groups supplied by the Bureau of the Census. data for tater for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the (Mired States; end rears are estimates by the Bureau of the Census. comprehensive and fell surveys of enrollment in Institutions of higher education.

Table 89. -Degreocredit enrollment In Institutions of higher education, by type end control of Institution: United States, fall 1908 to fall 1973

Type and control 1956 1989 1970 1971 1972 1973 Percent change. of institution 1968 to 1973

1 2 3 4 5 a 7 8

All institutions 6928.115 7284,073 7,v.148 8.116.103 8,285.057 8,519.750 23.0 1.....r.- Um-mites 2,702,412 2.880.313 3200.295 3.004.988 3214974 3.110,130 15.1 Other 4-yew institutions 2.938.204 3.096.331 3.289,872 3.386,794 3.458.529 3,487,894 18.8 2 yew institutions 1.289.499 1,528,429 1224982 1.725,321 1,791,854 1926726 49.0 021== TSICI.CB, t /0=12===1/1I Pubis instihrtions 4291,743 5.414,834 5,800289 6,013934 6,158,929 6,3E81219 30.5

Univerrtier 2.008.131 2.182,317 2.277.735 2.301.976 2,310.047 2,405,895 19.9 Other 4 -year institutions 1,716271 1,840,007 2.002.592 2.089,252 2.154.417 2,153,713 25.5 2year institutions . 1.1139,141 1.41168'.0 1,516782 1,826706 6694.455 1,829,211 KS

Pirate instdutions 2.036.372 2269.139 2,120,050 2.102.159 2,108,128 6131,131 4.7

Unmet sit Ns 696.281 697,996 732.580 703,012 704,627 704,435 1.2 Other 4 yew institutions 1.219.733 1.255.324 1.287,280 1.298.542 1.306112 1.334.181 9.4 2year mstitutions...... 120.358 115,819 110,220 102,815 97,389 92,515 -23.1 SOURCE U.S. Department of Redth. Education. and Welfare National Canter for Education Stetistica. Patt btrottfttent tn Higher Education. Table 90. - Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment, end control of inetltution: United States, foil 1973

Number of students Number of students Type of enrollment and -. Type of enrollment and control of institution Total Men Women control of institution Total Men .Women 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

All lintdutions. Fullime . 3.681.500 2,084,880 1,596,640 Ad resident and extension students 9.602.123 5.371.052 4.231.071 Part time 1.343.424 701,483 841,941 F nu.professionat students 91.949 81,811 18.138 357,1392 Degree credit students 8.519.750 4.712.288 3.747.482 Graduate students ...... 799.155 441,483 Jnderg, Musts and test professional Unclassified students .. 486.591 239.680 247.011 students . . 3.806.931 2.945.106 . 457.124 Undergraduate students 6.533.047 3.620.634 2.912.413 Nondegree-credd students .. . .. 1,030.897 573,773 F ull.tene . 4.976.150 2.792.440 2.183.710 Part 4 one 1,556,891 828.194 728.703 Privately controlled institutions: Fast-professional students 218.990 186.297 32.693 All resident end extension students.. . 2.182.607 1,268,082 914,525 Graduate studehts . . 1.123.462 047.158 4713,305 Unclassified students 644.251 318.201 326.050 Degree credit students 2.131.131 1,243,091 888,040 Undergraduate and f irst professional Non.dewee-credit students.. 1,082.373 598.764 483.6E9 students 1.649,164 958.777 690,387 x, Undergraduate students . 1,828,123 854391 673.832 Publicly controlled Institutions: Fulltime 1.314,680 727,580 587,070 All resident and extension students 7,419,516 a,102,970 3,318.546 Parttime 213,473 128.711 86,782 Firstprofessionalstudents 121,041 104,486 18,555 205,693 118,614 Degrescredit Students . 6.388.619 3.529.197 2.859,422 Graduate students 324,307 Undergraduate and first professional Unclassified students 157,680 78.621 79,039 students 5.102.873 2.848.154 2.254.719 Undergraduate sto.derns 5,144.924 2,768.343 2.238.581 Nondegreecrerbt students 51.478 24,991 26,485 _ st)URCf, U S Ow& tment of Health. Education...' Wel are. National Conte: for Ere-cation Stanstws. Pan hnnollotornt on Inane. Fdurer m, 19

Table 91. - Firsttime degree...edit enrollment in institutions of higher education, bysex and by control of Institution: United States, fell 1948 to fall 1974

Enrollment, by sex Enrollment. by con. Enrollment, by sex Enrollmen . by con. trot of institution Year Total no, of Institution Year Total

Men Women Public Private Men Women Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 8 426,448 648.238 370,125 1946 1896.419 1499.632 1196.887 121 121 1961...... 1,018,361 691,913 432.455 869,728 380,826 1947 592.846 399,972 192.874 298.508 294.338 1962 1.030,554 598,099 442,135 359.558 1948 567.191 368.940 198,251 298.136 272,056 1983 1.048,417 804,282 Beam 701,524 523.316 814.884 410,176 1949 554.605 355.319 199.289 298.515 268,093 1964 1224.840 1.441,822 612,607 990,021 451,801 1950 512,427 317.183 196.284 281,911 230.516 1966 829315 591.000 947,000 431,000 467.999 276.092 189,907 259.560 208A39 19681 1.378.000 787.000 1951 825.000 1.024,000 415,000 1952 532.310 321.310 111.000 304,518 227.792 19671 1.439.000 814,000 1,629,751 924,580 705,171 1300,784 428,987 1953 565.989 341.761 22a.208 331,656 234.313 1968 986,719 762/336 1,309359 439,286 1954 624.910 382,852 242,058 371.7013 253,204 1969 1.748,665 983,794 798.325 1,337.896 442323 1955 698.064 14,571 263.493 398423 269,841 1970 1,780.119 1.765,625 797.766 1,339,177 428,448 1956 714.966 441,525 273,441 427.611 287.355 1971 987.859 1,740.438 811,834 1322,664 417,874 1957 721,547 44C,613 280.934 431/358 289.889 1972 928,804 826,071 1,322,903 417.535 1958 772.292 483.865 308.427 471.712 300.580 1973 1.758.864 930.783 1,850,000 870.000 1.420,000 430.000 1959 818,280 486.067 332.223 498.852 319.628 19741 980,000 1960.. 923.089 539,512 383,567 577.744 345,325

I Estimated. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. National Center Data not available. for Education Statistics, van intrellmrnt In Maher Education: and estimates of the National Center for Education Statistics. NOTE. Beginning in 1980, data me for 50 States and the District of Columbia: for earlier years. tor 48 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning in 195:.i. enrollment figures include resident and extension students: for earlier years. they exclude extension students. Table 92. - Selected characteristics of brimless students in institutions of higher education: United States, fell1973 (Percentage distribution)

Fast time students First.time students Item Item Total Men Women TotalI Men Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Toler 100.0 100.0 100.0 Average grade in high school wontinuedi: i 4 C. 10.9 14.0 7.4 Age by December 31. 1973 C 9.7 13.1 8.0 .1 .1 .2 0 .4 .8 .1 17 ...... 4.7 3.3 6.2 Distance from home to college: 18 74.7 71.9 77.8 5 miles or lets 13.3 13.6 12.9 19 15.3 17.9 12.3 8 to 10 miles 14.9 15.4 14.4 20 ...... 1.8 2.4 1.2 II to 50 miles 248 24.2 25.5 21 . .7 .9 .5 51 to 100 miles 12.8 12 3 13.3 22.25 1.5 2.2 .8 101 to 500 miles 25.9 75.3 28.5 28 or older 1.2 1.3 1.1 More than 500 miles 8.3 9.1 7.4 Racial background:1 Highest degree planned anywhere: White. Caucasian ...... 88.5 99.1 87.9 None 3.8 32 4.0 Bleck. Negro. AfroAnterican ...... 7.8 7.0 8.6 Associate (or equivefent) 82 5.0 7.6 American Indian .9 .8 1.0 Bachelor's (BA.. BS.) 30.8 28.5 33.3 Oriental...... 1.1 1.2 1.0 Master's (51.A., M.8.) 32.1 29.4 35.0 Meincen-Anwrican. Clucano. 1.3 1.3 1.2 Ph.D. or Ed.D 10.9 12.1 9.8 Puma Rican-American .4 .5 .4 M.D.. 0.0.. 0.0.8.. or D.V NI 8.2 10.8 5.4 Other 1.8 1.5 1.5 LL.B. or J.D. (law) 5.2 7.5 28 Marital SOON B.D. or M.Div. (divinity) .4 .13 .2 Presently married 1.9 2.1 1.8 Other 2.5 2.9 2.2 Not married 98.1 97.9 98.2 Probable realer field of study: Veteran status: Agriculture (Incl. forestry) 28 4.4 1.0 No 98.3 95.9 99.8 Arts (fine and performing) 6.7 5.1 8.3 Yes, served in Southeast Asia .9 18 .0 Biological sciences 7.0 82 5.7 Yes, did not save in Southeast Asia ...... 8 1.6 .1 Business 17.7 21.1 14.0 Father's education Education 12.2 5.2 198 Grammer school or loss 7.2 7.2 7.1 English 1.5 1.0 2.1 Sono high whoa! ...... 14.0 14.5 13.4 Engineering 8.13 12.1 .7 High school graduate 28.4 29.8 28.9 Health professions 10.4 4.6 16.5 Postsecondary other then college 4.3 3.9 4.8 History and geography 1.6 2.0 1.1 Some college 14.4 13.9 14.9 Home economics 12 .0 2.5 College degree 17.2 16.8 17.7 Humanities (other) 28 2.0 3.5 Some graduate school ...... 2.4 22 2.5 Mathematics and statistics 1.7 18 1.6 Graduate degree 12.1 11.7 12.6 Physics and chemist'', 1.7 2.8 .7 Estimated parental Income. Physics' sciences (other) 1.0 1.6 .4 Less then $4.000 ...... 6.5 5.9 7.3 Psychology 3.3 22 4.5 134,0013 to 55.999 4.6 4.3 8.0 &Mel sciences (other) 48 5.5 4.1 $6,000 to 37.999 64 8.3 6.5 Social work 1.8 S 3.1 88.000 to 59.999 8.6 8.9 8.3 Technical fields 6.3 8A 2.0 810.000 to $12.499 15.8 16.9 15.3 Other fields 5.4 7.1 3.6 $12,500 to $14,999 14.0 14.6 13.2 Undecided 4.7 4.5 4.9 $15,000 to 519.999 16.8 17.5 16.0 Reasons noted as very Important 520.000 to $24.999 ...... 10.9 10.9 10.9 In 'electing this cab*: I 525.000 to 629.999 6.3 5.2 5.4 Parents wanted me to come here 9.5 79 11.3 $30.000 to 534.999 3.7 3.4 4.1 Wanted to live away from home 15.4 11.7 19.6 $35.000 to $39.999 22 1.9 2.4 Teacher advised me 52 5.1 6.3 $40.000 or more ...... 5.3 5.3 5.5 Has a good academic reputation 49.0 44.4 54.2 Current religious preference Offered financial assistance 16.8 168 16.9 Protestant ...... 46.4 441 47.0 Advice of someone who attended 188 17.9 19.9 Roman Catholic 34.3 34.6 33.9 Offers special education program 202 24.8 342 Jewish 5.1 5.0 6.1 Has low tuition 28.9 28.4 27.5 Other &O 5.0 6.1 Advice of guidance counselor 9.5 98 92 None 10.1 11.4 8.8 Wanted to live et horns 13.9 13.5 14.3 Political orientation Could not get a lob 28 2.8 2.t Per left 2.2 2.7 1.6 Sources of financial support for Liberal 32.8 332 32.0 soilage of $500 or more: I MIddle-olthe road ...... 50.7 482 53.5 Partume Or summerwork 24.0 31.6 15.6 Conservative 13.9 16.0 12.6 Full.time employment 68 9.3 4.1 Par right .6 .8 .4 Savings 17.0 198 14.1 Year graduated from high school Spouse 1.8 2.0 1.9 1973... 911 91.8 94.7 Parental family 54A 50.4 58.5 Did not graduate in 1973.. 6.9 8.4 6.4 Pennies military service benefit 2.1 2.3 1.8 Average grade in high school Parent's social security benefit 3.6 3.7 3.6 A or At 7.5 5.9 9.3 Personal military service benefit 1.9 3.4 .3 A. 9.8 7.4 12.4 Scholerships or grants 20.8 21.4 20.1 co ...... 20.6 17.0 24.7 Loans (federally Insured, or collage) 15.1 14.7 16.4 B ...... 25.6 24.1 27.4 Other repayable loans 5.1 4.7 5.3 8...... 15.5 18.0 12.7 Other sources of support 3.3 4.1 2.3

I Because some students gave multiple responses to this item. percents add to SOURCE: American Cnuncil on Education.The American Freshman: National more than 100.0. Norms for FaU 1971 NOTE. -Data are based upon a sample survey of (unisone freshmen enrolled in college for the lest time. Because of rounding. percents may not add to 100.0. College Students by Major Field of Study

In October 1966 and again in October 1972, the There were noticeable differences in the majors of Bureau of the Census collected statistics on the major college men and women in 1972. The fields in which field of study of students enrolled in colleges and women predominated were education, health fields, universities in the United States. The data are for and English and journalism. About one-half of the students between the ages of 14 and 34. When the majors in the social sciences and fine arts were figuresfor the two yearsare compared, some women. While women were well represented among interesting trends in enrollment emerge. themajorsinthebiologicalsciences and in Enrollment in all fields increased from 6.0 million mathematics and statistics, a majority of these in 1966 to 8.3 million in 1972, a gain of about students were men. Men were clearly predominant in 39 percent. Some fields, however, received more than such fields as engineering, agriculture, law, business their share of the additional students, while other and commerce, and physical and earth sciences. fields failed to keep pace with the overall enrollment The data cited above are based upon sample increase (see the accompanying chart). The number surveys of the population. They are subject tothe of students majoring in education, engineering, and sampling errors inherent in surveys of this kind. For physical or earth sciences actually declined during the more detailed information, the reader maywish to 6-year period. Reflecting the decrease in the demand consult the Bureau of the Census publication, Social for new public school teachers, education majors and Economic Characteristics of Students, October declinedfrom19 to12 percent of thetotal 1972 (Current PopulationReports,Series P-20, enrollment. Engineering majors decreased from 9 to No. 260). The report is available at $130 from the 4 percent, and physical or earth science majors from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government 4 to 2 percent of the total. There were small increases Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. in the percent of students majoring in the social sciences and in the biological and health sciences. Substantial increases were reported for students majoring in "other" fields (subjects other than the W. VANCE GRANT arts and sciences) and those not reporting a major. specialist M educational statistics

Figure 11.liflajor field of study of college students 14 to 34 years old: Unites States, October 1986 and October 1972

October 1966 October 1972

NOTE.-Bocause of rounding percentages do not odd to 100.0. SOURCE: U.& Deportment of Commerce. Bum of the Census. Curfew Population Repo*. Sense P.20. No.MO.

79

93 Table 93.- Enrollment for advanced degrees, by level of enrollment, sex of student, attendance stems, and field of study: United States and outlying areas, fall 1971

Firstveer studentsl Students beyond the first year2 Alt Field of study students Total. Men Women Total Men Women

Full- Part- Full. Part- Full. Part- Full. Part- time time time time time time time time

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12

Enrollment for master's and doctor's degrees 838,294 528.151 141,354 170.459 72.883 143,455 308.143 129,999 90,430 44,285 43,429

Agriculture and natural resources 10,975 5,283 3,562 1,281 316 124 5,692 3.677 1,832 238 145 Architecture and environ menial design 6.262 3,515 2,353 512 505 145 2,747 1,839 432 381 95 Area studies 3,838 2,141 B61 430 479 371 1,897 776 296 436 189 Biological sciences 37,981 18,042 8.082 4,748 2,852 2.382 19,939 11.462 3.514 3,656 1,307 Business and management 97.359 66.392 23.947 38,067 1,898 2,682 30,987 13.313 18,213 751 690

Communications 5.557 3,987 1,697 914 842 634 1,870 649 441 245 235 Computer and information sciences 8.300 4,921 1,903 2,418 270 332 3,379 1.493 1,538 173 175 Education 280.510 189,288 20.137 55.404 23.155 90,592 71,222 13,746 24,295 9,852 23,329 Engineering 59.132 30.545 14,607 15,388 284 268 28,687 16,124 11,967 307 189 Fine and applied arts 23,484 14,527 4,728 2,674 3,837 3,288 8,957 3,538 1,846 2,422 1.351

Foreign languages 17,285 9,089 1,716 1.477 2.765 3,141 8.196 2,219 1,434 2,679 1,884 Health professions 20.596 12,738 4,199 1,508 4.799 2,234 7,858 3,714 830 2,618 698 Home economics 4.939 3.580 212 88 1,336 1,924 1,379 121 72 600 588 Law 2,472 2.165 686 1,372 52 75 307 100 191 5 11 Letters 50,849 29,638 7,048 5.936 8.483 10,191 21,211 7,787 4,384 4,877 4;183

Library science 13.272 9,907 1,046 829 3,845 4,387 3,365 456 373 960 1,576 Mathematics 20.547 11,996 3,969 4.318 1,383 2,348 8,551 4,647 2,292 863 749 Physical sciences 38,928 16,665 9,284 5,006 1,377 998 22,263 15.424 4.684 1,697 558 Psychology 26.712 14,754 sass 3.595 3,024 2,747 11,958 5,641 2,308 2,888 1,343 Public affairs and services 24.138 16,350 5,689 3.457 5,859 1,365 7,788 2,923 1,048 3,384 433

Social sciences 75.337 43.164 15.889 14,240 6,018 7,019 32,173 16,642 8,868 4.791 3,074 Theology 9.667 4.276 2,274 1,059 512 431 5,391 3,652 1,140 432 167 interdisciplinary studies 18,154 15,208 2,117 5,748 1.448 5,897 7,946 1.078 1,034 354 482 Enrollment for *omb *bold degrees 190.749 69.909 58.001 6,601 6.411 896 120,840 102,963 9,194 7,897 788

Dentistry (D.D.S. or 0.M.0.) 17.433 6,103 4,932 11 160 12,330 12,121 14 196 Medicine (M.D.) 43.966 12,948 11,229 1,898 5 31,019 27,963 27 3,022 7 Optometry 10.0 2.091 796 768 2 28 1,895 1,821 14 59 1 Osteopathic medicine ID.0.1 . 2,301 690 855 4 31 1,811 1,558 5 48 Podiatry or porhatric medicine (Pod. 0.. OP.. or D.P.M.) 1.287 394 387 7 873 865 8 Veterinary medicine ID.V.M.) ...... 5,163 1.509 1,278 3 228 3,864 3,284 5 366 Law, general (LL.B. or J.D ) 94.416 40,003 29,262 8,088 3,875 778 64,413 42,108 7,883 3,762 860 Theological professions, general 117 16.0.. M.Div.. Rabbi) ...... 22,789 8,206 7,295 472 326 113 14,683 12,891 1,241 334 Other 724 282 195 5 62 462 352 5 104 1

1 Students with less than 1 full year of required study for an advanced de- SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Na tonal Center gree or its equivalent in part-time study. for Eduation Statistics, Students &trolled for Advanced Domer, Pa 1 P71. 2 Students with 1 or more years of requite.' study for an advanced degree.

80 94 Table fn.Enrollment for maters and dootoes degrees, by field of study: United States and oudyinoUM.fell 1960 to fall 1070

Field of study 1960 1982 1984 19881 1968 1970

1 2 3 4 8 6 7 .. , . All fields 314.349 373,815 07.1136 655,023 703 .745 816,207

Agriculture 3,852 4.1 J2 4,772 8,308 6497 7.186 Architecture 585 836 847 1.161 1,424 2,240 Biological sciences 14,376 17.780 23,660 29,378 33,047 38.499 Business and commerce 26,342 29,750 43.999 53,2114 86,747 87.487 City planning (2) (2) (3) 1,316 2,039 3,193

Computer science and systems analysis (2) (2) (2) 2,032 3.893 7,938 Education 94.993 114,641 133,478 188,434 216,131 254.473 Engineering 38.836 43,850 64,318 58.385 83.882 84.7138 English and Journalism 13,463 16,873 22.681 27,499 32,2913 35,967 Pine and spelled arts 9,254 11,613 16.016 18.802 23,974 28,748

Folklore (2) (2) (2) 102 178 187 Foreign languages and literature 6,310 8,878 12,108 16,498 19.937 20.461 Forestry 560 713 850 930 1,180 1.485 Geography 1,041 1,281 1.743 2.207 2.1338 3,334 Health professions 6,842 6.588 8.234 9,338 11,373 14,242

Home economics 1,680 1.587 2.213 2,410 3,484 4.611 Law 1.851 2,124 2,407 2.430 2.539 2,633 Library science 1,380 1.858 7.563 9,277 10,982 12.416 Mathematical sciences 11.770 14,121 18.228 20.380 22.947 22.672 Philosophy 2.258 2,684 3,450 4,183 4,931 4,851

Physical sciences 26.707 28,591 34.061 38,081 40,937 40,113 Psychology 10,877 11.344 13,733 16,695 21,843 26,342 Religion 5,314 6.447 8,111 7,393 12.820 12.227 Social sciences 37,313 46,121 59,808 69,282 83,726 97.185 Broad general curriculums end miscellaneous fields . 4081 5,199 8.281 8.308 16.825 26.071

I Excludes 35 nonreporting institutions with an estimated science, and social work. Data for subsequent years include 28000 students enrolled for master's and doctor's degrees. all students enrolled for master's and doctor's degrees. 2 Data not available. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Motion. end Welfare, NOTE.Date for 1960 and 1962 exclude students enrolled National Center for Education Statistics. reports on golden& for fist-professional degrees, including some master's degrees Bnronedfor Advanced Da m+. in such fields as business and commerce, education, library

Table 96. Selected characteristics of college students 16 to 34 yews of age: United States. October1973

Percent Number Percent Characteristic Number Characteristic lin thousands) On thousands/

2 3 1 2

Marital status. All students 6.173 100.0 Married. present 1,996 24.4 Other 6.177 75.5 RV: 113and 17 years 289 3.5 18 and 19 years 2.517 30.8 Residence: I 2.073 25.4 Metropolitan areas lin central 20 and 21 wows 2.837 34.7 22 to 24 Weft 1.465 17.9 cities) 1.378 15.6 Metropolitan areas (outside 25 to 29 were 3453 42.2 30 to 34 years 551 6.7 central Odes) Nonmetropolitan areas 1.882 23.0 Sex. May 4,677 57.2 Year of college: 2.275 279 Female 3.497 42.8 First Second 1,807 22.1 1.476 18.1 Race; Third 7.318 89.5 Fourth 1.230 15.0 White Fifth 694 8.5 Black 684 8.4 Sixth or higher 691 8.5 Other 171 2.1 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Current I Residence refers to the permanent ` address of the student rather than to Popularly', Report; Series P-20, No. 272. where he attends college. NOTE. Date are based upon a sample survey of the civilian noninstitutional population. Because of rounding. details may not add to totals.

81 9$ Table 98. - Engineering enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level: United States and outlying areas, fall 1949 to fall 1973

Level of enrollment, for- Level of enrollment, for - Total Total Fall engineering Pint Master's Doctor's Fell engineering Pint Master's Doctor's enrollment engineering degreel degree enrollment engineering degree! degree *Wee degree

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

1949 219,712 201,927 15.242 2.543 1969 ...... 278,348 242.992 29.713 5,543 1950 180.262 161,592 15,889 2,801 271,850 234,190 31,215 8,445 1961 ...... 165,837 145,997 16.765 2.875 1961 .. . 272,777 232,104 32,804 7.869 1962 176.549 156.080 17,539 2.930 275,329 230,730 35.359 9.240 1963 193,333 171,725 18,807 3.001 281,452 232,001 38,457 10,994

1964 214.414 193.892 17,441 3.281 1984 299,388 244,807 42,159 12.622 1955 243,390 221,448 18,779 3,183 1965 ...... 311,587 253,412 44,208 13,947 1958 277.052 251,121 22,529 3.402 1989 ... .. 321,471 254,514 47,087 19,870 1967 297,077 288.761 24,136 4,180 1970 ...... 318,995 250.175 49,089 19.751 1968 289.880 268,779 28.138 4,763 1971 ...... 292,854 229.047 45,097 18,710 1972 ...... 270,153 208,878 43,895 17,382 283.003 202.397 44,527 18.079 . _ 1973 ......

I Also includes enrollment for other postgraduate predoctoral degrees. SOURCES: 111 U.S Department of Health, Education. end Weft are. National Center for Education Statistics, Engineering Degrees 11964 -6.1)and Enrollments NOTE.- Includes fulltinse and Partinla dellreleakill student& 1Fia1 1964 12) Engineering Manpower Commission of Engineers Joint Council. linstneertns and Technology Enrolhnents. Fah 1973.

Table 97.Total enrollment, fall 1973, and degrees conferred, 1970 71, In institutions attended predominantly by Meek students: linked States

Pour .yeer institutions! Two.year institutions Item Total .. r Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8

Number of Institutions 114 90 38 64 24 14 10 w r Total enrollment 247,7134 192,101 132,720 59481 55 603 53.166 2 Men 117;161 91,162 62,632 28.830 2439 24.779 1Z Women . 130.603 100,939 70,188 30,751 29.864 28.388 1,278 Full time enrollment 182,826 154,128 100,729 ¢ 399 28.M 2493 Men 89.422 74.806 48,708 ,098 1.2911: 13,528 1,086 Women 93,404 79,322 52,021 27,31)1 '14;082 13.077 1.006 _ _ Par t-time enrollment 64.879 37.973 31.991 . 28.905 26.509 346 Men 27,679 16,356 13.824 :,Z 11,323 11,251 72 Women . 37.199 21517 18,167 3.450 15,592 15,309 273 ..._ ' r Earned Jbgrees conferred: Bachelor's and first professional 26,433 26,423 10 070 16,363 Men 11,197 4.366 6,641 Women j15221,1961 15,226 5,714 9.512

Master s 4.121 4.121 1,284 2.857 Men 1,821 1,821 537 1,284 Women 2,300 2,300 727 1,573 1 _ .. _ fr Doctor's 47 47 47 0 Men 40 40 to 0 Women 7 7 7 0

I Colleges and universities offering bachelor's Ind /or advanced degrees. SOURCES U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics, Pall finnolimen: on Higher Minn:Inn. 1973: end Earned NOTE Total enrollmentincludes students whose programs of study are anners tlatterred. 197 71. creditable toward a bachelor's or higher degree and also undergraduate students in 1. 2.. nr 3year occupational program which are not creditable toward a bachelor's degree.

82. 96 Table Natrilet of alai institutions of highs, education arid **amnia antollinont. by comet of institution and be tow Wiled NMI. fed 1947 to fall 1913 qr.* Numbei of dislituliont Imottment by control Smottment by tea Yost total of institution 11 enrollment tams Oubto pint* Public Private Men Women

3 4 5 0 7

1947 480 790 230 722.049 153.005 59.040 151,003 70,042 1948 497 757 239 310.977 153,970 57.007 139.830 15,347 1949 518 VS 243 129.001 170,899 98.312 151.191 11,810 1930 SU 299 719 711.403 157.874 49.079 139,878 77,535 1091 SI 1 394 717 199.997 156.339 43.798 119.601 79,108

1981 525 399 236 238.121 191.601 46.820 141.459 99,753 1953 III 393 229 288.241 210,006 49.139 155.806 102.4.19 1994 474 177 197 287.433 741.149 41.388 171,792 mop 1999 457 Ps 597 108,411 769.375 43.909 100,071 111,749 1996 487 278 204 347.345 297,011 49.724 975630 121,710

1957 490 383 207 368.998 315.900 53.008 237.017 131.381 1988 495 190 205 385.438 330.881 114.1195 147,942 137,494 1959 508 310 196 409,195 355.987 53.128 099.904 149,691 1980 521 315 306 451.333 392.310 99.013 182.1115 169,178 1961 514 339 195 517.925 456.381 91.544 320.158 197,769

1962 961 349 212 589.529 519,757 10,772 355.524 223.905 1983 573 397 716 674.789 531.308 73.481 388660 238.139 1954 817 389 228 710.868 830.959 90.009 439.509 271.359 toss 633 399 234 841.437 737.890 103.547 911.846 319,591 19651 700 490 254 945.000 840.000 109.000 577.006 369.000

108/1 739 495 340 1.075000 906.000 109,000 653.000 422,000 1969 9011 548 254 1.289.993 1.169.039 120.368 787.602 907.391 1969 813 577 230 1,938.410 1.412.610 119.819 910.631 517.798 1970 833 603 324 Lenny 1,519.763 110,220 953081 676.021 1971 854 837 217 026.331 1.622.700 103,615 1,003.173 733.149

10/2 883 871 212 1,791664 I.894.465 97,380 999.238 793,618 1973 929 709 720 1.931,735 1.829,711 92.815 1.048.458 873.368

astimeted The total numbs' of 3yeer institutions. indulging those offering 1993,enrollment figures include. resident end extension depsectedit students. non4eweiscnnet programs exclusively. was 733 in 1068 end 788 so. '167. dela for earlier pun occlude extension students.

NOTE Beginning in 1980. date ere for 50 Steles end the District of Columbia. SOURCE- U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Center dire for eerher years ate far 48 States and the Oistrect 01 Columbia. Beginning in 10r Vducetion Stennis% Pal Enranwnt se Higher Eduratfon.

83 57 Mg 0 71 - 7 97 Min 00. .4411101104 imam al Wu It,. soda et, apes, end Nemo In Ini1hut1en4 of 13.52 edUcetion: UMW 313111. 11183.70 to 1101-72-- tam MO /0 1919 00 MO-00 1889-1900 1900. 10 1919 -20 1028 -30 1939. 40 1949 -50 1959-80 1969 - 70 1971- 72 4 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 Melfttnall Tout 811 1 9891 911 051 1541 1.48 1.1081 1551 - I008J 2.618 2.606 114000,1 Total 711,522 15.553 115.8131 23.888 38.480 48.515 82.288 148.910 246.721 380.554 1515200 7007500 Mon 24.8d7 17.353 112.704 29.133 35.807 612017 163,318 188.189 206,773 1443200 3107,003 Worms 14,194 $3.1011 1.348 13.805 n.369 40.801 80.533 93.781 1192200 1200500 4 Roam deenereln asoUnn4t4 Total 152.188 3115.817 158.756 331,592 355,713 597.1310 1,100,737 1.494.203 2259211 13.116.3M 47,136515 61250.515 Men LK 180 377.972 11(15,453 153,354 1214548 819,935 893.760 1233.058 13.079,788 54241,018 64,549,410 *wan Immo 337,845 188,303 85,338 3140,565 282314.938.942 480.902 300.953 005,853 14.135,7138 62.889,081 43.401566 Iternaldesteastonhein Bectaiors and hat molemonai Total . 9.371 15.530 IMO 27210 31,199[ 48.022 121.484 188,500 432588l 382.440 837234 1926.810 /.993 10,411 12,857 n 173 28.102 31580 13,615 109,548 30.841 264583 484,174 7631540 Women 1.378 1.485 2,882 6,237 8,431 18.342 48.889 76.984 103217 138277 343.0110 7388,930 Mater's mom hest. caohissionel7 Total 879 1,016 1.583 3,117 4,279 14209 28.731 613.183 74,435 209291 7250.070 Man 0 82 1 1.280 1265 2.985 8.926 113.508 41,330 50.898 135.624 3159,100 Woven . 11 194 303 518 1 8244 10,233 18563 23,631 82.6137 3101,970 Doctors Total 64 149 382 615 7209 3.290 6,420 9,829 29,90e 133.330

Men . . 1 51 147 359 399 522 1,956 2.881 5,804 Women 8.801 25,990 728.060 3 2 23 44 93 353 419 616 1.628 3.916 35,770 Phonies Un thoumnds of dollars)

Taal current Income 141 1111 141 151 678.883 3199922 355011 6715,211 12479640 331 .515,243 Educational) end general 1113.785627 526234259 mama 111/ 191 $21 484 535.084 67,017 173,929 483.065 1,833,845 Total anent opera 571.2138 4,688252 18.486.177 20.200289 lutes 1111 lel 15,1 19/ 17/ 507.142 074.688 2245581 6,601,378 21,043,113 Educational and general 25559,560 expenditures 171 3) 171 (7) Oh 377.903 521,990 1,708.444 Value of Orme 4,613208 15,788599 19200,508 11800111V (SI 98.426 253.599 460.532 741,333 2555950 92.163.780 4,799954 13.448.548 Endowment and other 42993580 50,153,25t nonependebk Wilde° 181 IN 18,788 194998 373,851 450271 1,512,023 1,764,604 2944.213 5.571,1311110.853A161111E83.208

I Total number of different individuals (nos reduced to full-time eouivelentl. I? Book value. Beginning in 1959-60, dem are for the tint arm of the academic yea. I' Endowment funds only. tothroted. 011,611mM/re data NOTE.-fleonning In 1959-130. includes Alaska and lavaii. 4 Untla Othartfill mdleseted, includes students enrolled at any tuna during (hi eadernle roar. SOURCES: U.S Department of Health, Education. end While. National Canto Dale for first term of the academic veer. for Education Sonatas, Menotti Survey of Sdarottav 4u Ow United States; 6 Opening fen enrollment. Faculty and Other hafistIonal Staff In IntrItudons 4 Higher Sdireettom 7 Beolnnum in 1989-70, Includes ail maser's C. OM Cbatprehasive Report on Enrollment in Hipp Education. Pea Ihnolintent Os Data not availebie. Higher Sdatotton; Hamad Doren Cbnlettitt Financial Stathaa Of 91817919041 9 Includes mama:woad Pam Ion& of Higher Beacotton; and unpublished dem

'84 98 Table 100.Estimated Maims and timeline noldont intauetional Neff In institutions of blobs, education, by academic tank: United States, fell 1980 to 1914 lin thousands)

Junior instructional staff tutu resident Instructor or above I Fyn of instructional stall Toot Fulltinte Pitttme Total Fulllime Part.1111111 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 40 8 32 1960 . . ... 270 238 164 82 1961 ... 292 748 182 88 44 9 35 1982 312 288 173 92 41 10 37 IP 40 1963 . .. 331 381 184 07 50 1984 307 307 212 95 50 12 48

1955 412 339 248 91 73 15 58 1988.. 445 361 278 83 84 17 87 1967 484 389 299 90 95 14 91 1986 523 427 331 95 96 16 80 1989 548 448 349 99 98 15 83

1970 674 472 368 104 103 15 87 1971 596 490 382 109 100 16 90 113 91 1972 ...... 603 498 187 109 107 1973 .... 620 510 399 112 110 16 94 111 18 95 1974 . 822 511 399 112

NOT . -Because of rounding, details may not add to tools. Higher bdueetion: Numbor and Charoctoittita of Emptopas Mbuffnakestof Higher Education; Thochtnn and Rematch Staff by Academic Held to inintutions SOURCES U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, end Welfare, Notional Center of Myna Education. Asti 1968;and ureublirhid dote. for Education Statistics, iraculfyand Mho Profitattonat Staff in inttUntiout of

Table 101. Teaching and research staff in institutions of higher education, by academic rank end field: United States and outlying eras, fal11070 (In full-time equivalents)

Resident instruction and depart. Organised research mantel research staff staff

Academic held Total Senior Junior Total Senior Junior

1 2 3 4 13 7

All fields 455277 404.182 51,095 39,888 22,988 17,273

Agriculture 6.452 5,487 985 6,817 4,660 2.257 Architecture 2.335 2.214 121 46 33 12 Biological sciences 25.383 21,201 4.182 4,445 2,399 2.086 Business end commerce 28,098 25,978 2,118 539 344 198 Education 32,748 29,838 2,910 1.519 851 688

Engineering 21,012 19411 3201 4,451 2,205 2,248 English end lournalism 40,06P 36,290 3,779 249 133 116 Fine sad applied arts 39261 38.534 2.917 287 149 138 Foreign lanwrmas 22,881 19,930 2,851 192 122 70 Forestry 768 878 78 447 252 198

Creograghy 3,381 2890 491 78 39 37 Health professions 44,306 38.190 8,118 7240 4,493 2,947 Home economics 4237 4,098 341 215 127 88 Law 3.384 3.266 98 81 49 12 Library science 1.744 1,618 128 26 15 11

Mathematics 23,441 20.800 2.841 1319 338 283 Military science 1,840 1,785 88 B 3 3 Philosophy 8.604 6,031 573 50 30 20 Physical and health education 17.878 18.693 1.015 87 41 48 Physical sciences 34.172 27,179 6.993 6,729 2.817 3,112

Psychology 13.604 11,915 1,689 883 280 393 Religion and theology 6.724 8.502 222 74 26 49 Social sciences 51,832 48,886 5,148 2,489 1,365 1,104 Trade and industrial 11,437 11.194 243 130 93 37 All other 9.829 13,056 1,773 2,920 1,782 1,168

NOTE.-Because of rounding. detail may not add to totals. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished data.

85 99 Selected Characteristics ofCollege Faculty Members

A recent report from the American Councilon 1968-69. When the 1968-69 and 1972-73 studies Educationdescribesinconsiderabledetailthe are compared, the following trends are apparent: demographic characteristics,professional During the 4year period, theage of college faculty backgrounds, and academic activities of the teaching members increased. A larger percent of teacherswere faculty in colleges and universities in 1972-73.While 41 years old and over in 1972-73, anda smaller college teachers are obviouslya diverse group, a proportion were aged 40 or less. The percent of composite picture of the typical faculty member women on college faculties increased from 19 to emerges from the report. 20 percent. The proportion of faculty members who The typical American college teacher isa white are black rose from 2 to 3 percent. The percent of male between the ages of 31 and SO. He holdsat least teachers with the rank of professoror associate a master's degree, and he has attained the rank of professor increased from 42 to SI percent, whilethe assistant professor or above. Heearns nearly $15,000 percent with the rank of instructor declined from 20 a year, but this figure is inflated somewhat by the to13 percent. Possibly reflecting the growth of fact that a sizable number of teachers are employed enrollment and staff in 2year colleges, thepercent of for 11 or 12 months a year rather than the traditional faculty members holding a professionalor doctor's 9 or 10 months. degree declined substantially between 1968-69 and The typical college teacher received his highest 1972-73. academic degree in the 1960's, and he also began A great deal of additional informationappears in service with his present employer in the 1960's. His the two reports, College and University Faculty: A principal occupation is classroom teaching rather than Statistical Description and Teaching Acuity in administration or research, and he likes his work. If Academe: 1972-73, both by Alan E. Bayer. They he had a chance to start allover again in a new job or may be purchased from the American Council on a different academic discipline, he would decline the Education, I Dupont Cirde, Washington, D.C. 20036. opportunity. The Carnegie Commission on the Future of Higher Education aid the American Councilon Education W. VANCE GRANT conducted a similar survey of college facultyin specialist in educational statistics

Figure 12.Selected cheracteristics of teaching fain, in colleges and universities: United States, 187273

NOM dsgise hid

Academie rank

Profestonsl INrehrOns etudicieS 5.1% SOURCE: Anwrican Council on Education. Research Report vol. 8. No. 2. bathing Fatuity in Modena: RUM Sacheloni Ns 61%

86 100 Table 103. - Professions! issekoroond and academie Kenny of Celle" 180121Y 111MISIMS. by type of Institution and by WC United States, 1973 -73 (Percentage 91111,1bl/hen!

All institutions Untwisting *WSP Colleges %aced colleges Hem Total Men Women Toed Men Woman 1Total Men Women Total Men Women

11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 10

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Highest ilegrest curiantly held 2.3 None. less titan 13.A . . .. 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 OA 0.6 0.5 0.7 3.3 3,6 Bechelues 4.0 4.5 8.5 5.1 4.9 6.3 3.7 2.8 4.3 8.2 7.3 10.9 Masters 44.9 40.8 61.8 302 25.0 59.9 47.0 44.3 58.8 73.5 73.6 73.2 LI. 8.. JO.. other profesponal (emcee medical) 5.0 5.4 3.? ILI 6.6 32 4.7 5.1 3.6 3.1 22 32 Doctorate Immo., medical &W.. or Ph.D.) 12 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.7 I. 12 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 Ed D 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 32 4.0 3.1 1.6 1.7 IA Medico IM.D. or DM 1.1 12 0.5 2.3 22 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 Ph.D. 30.2 33.8 15.6 40.2 44.9 18A 31.4 34.2 21.5 4.3 4.5 3.4 4.7 4.9 4.0 Me answer) ...... 8.1 8.3 7.4 10.3 10.8 8,5 7.3 7.1 82

Wier highest degree recessed 3.6 3.7 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.2 &Rom IOW ...... 4.4 4.6 3.4 6.0 6.3 4.7 1940. 1949 9.0 9.4 7.4 11.8 112 105 7.6 8.0 8.5 5.7 8.2 4.1 1960 -1959 24.3 26.5 19.1 28.2 27.7 18.7 22.7 23.5 20.0 22.9 24.4 18.1 1960 5969 48.5 45.4 50.7 43.6 42.4 49.8 48.5 47.8 50.8 48.8 472 519 1970 present 10.5 9.. 12.9 8.0 7.8 11.8 12.5 12.1 93.8 10.9 10.1 13.8 No Mahar degree. Or no mew 5.5 5.2 6.5 4.1 4.0 4.7 5.1 4.9 6.0 92 8.9 10.2

Meier field of highest degree. Business 4.1 4.7 1.9 3.2 3.7 OA 4.7 5.5 2.0 I0 5.5 3.5 Education (including physical and Math education) . 14.8 12.6 23.4 11.3 9,1 21.9 16.3 13.9 24.8 192 182 22.9 Biological sciences (including agriculture) 6.8 7A 4.3 9.2 10.1 4.7 4.9 5.1 4.2 SI 5.4 4.1 Physical sciences (including mathematics/statistics. and computer 8.2 sciences) 11.5 13.3 4.3 102 12.3 3.0 12.4 142 4.4 11.4 13.0 Engineering (including architecture/ design 8.3 7.8 0.4 8.9 10.5 OS 4.6 5.8 0.3 4.0 5.3 0.0 Sodas sciences (Including psychology 10.5 and fPoilrolMV) 12.4 13.3 8.8 13.1 14.2 7A 13.0 14.1 8.7 9.5 9.2 Fine ern 8.4 8.3 9.2 7.2 7.0 8.4 10.2 9.8 11.6 7.7 8.2 5.9 Humanities 17.6 162 20.8 14.3 14.0 15.7 21.2 20.5 232 17.7 18.2 22.3 Health sconce 4.6 3.2 10.2 8.2 6.6 NA 1.5 0.5 5.1 3.0 0.6 10.1 Other prolesPons i.ncluding soda work. taw. lawn* sm. library 1.4 1.0 science) 4.0 3.7 4.9 5.3 5.1 8.2 3.7 3.3 5.1 2.8 All other fields !Including horns ecomonics. industrial ens. vocational. technical) 2.7 2.1 5.4 22 1.7 8.4 2.0 1.5 3.6 4.2 4.3 32 None. no higher dimes (Including no envied 8.7 8.7 GA 52 8.2 5.5 5.3 6.3 11.4 12.5 8.1

athtelpla activity of current Position: Administration 11.4 122 8.5 122 13.7 8.6 12.0 12.5 10.0 8.9 7.5 5.2 Teaching 82.2 812 88.5 752 74.2 93.5 85.4 94.9 87.2 90.5 90.8 89.8 Research 4.2 4.8 1.6 8.5 9.5 3.7 1.3 1,5 0.6 0.3 02 OA Other 2.2 1.8 3.4 22 2.6 4.2 IA 1.1 2.2 2.2 12 4.8

Employment status for current scedimic year NH time 95.3 96.1 91.8 932 94.8 89.2 96.4 98.5 91.4 98.2 98.8 98.3 Pan time. muse than half time 1.3 0.8 2.9 1.6 1.2 3.8 1.4 0.9 3.2 0.5 0.3 1.2 0.8 2.7 1.3 OA 3,5 1.4 1.0 22 0.6 0.4 1,2 Half time 1.2 13 Less than half Pm 22 2.1 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.5 18 1.7 2.5 0.7 0.6

Present rank: 7.4 Professors 28.4 30.3 11.0 36.2 40.9 12.3 21.3 27.8 112 8.0 82 Associate professor 34.3 26.1 21.0 20.4 28.4 20.4 272 27.8 212 188 152 14.9 Ailment professor 252 232 31.2 24.4 22.3 35.1 32.2 30.8 37.1 122 12.5 13,9 Instructor 132 10A 24.3 8.7 192 22,8 102 8.6 18.4 292 262 37.8 Lecturer 2.5 22 4.0 32 2.7 5,8 2.8 2.4 4.3 0.4 OA 0.4 Do not hold mina dedipiation 6.7 6.8 6.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.13 1.6 32.1 34.4 25.0 Otter rant 12 1.1 2.5 1.7 1.4 32 1.1 1.0 1.8 2.1 2.5 1.0

Number of hours per week in scheduled teaching. None. or no answer 8.8 8.4 7.8 7.2 7.1 7.9 8.2 52 7.1 OA 5.8 82 Ore to four hours 11.8 12.5 8.0 172 182 122 9.0 9.2 8.6 3.7 3.7 3.5 Plie tonged hours 21.8 232 18.2 32.8 34.6 22.5 17.5 18.0 15.8 5.9 5.5 7,2 Nine to heeler bows 28.3 28.3 33.1 25.4 24.5 28.7 39.6 40.5 313.6 11.4 11.6 11,1 Thirteen to sixteen hours 17.3 18.2 21.9 82 7.7 14.3 17.5 172 182 38.7 35.7 40.0 Seventeen hours or mon 14.1 13.3 17.1 8.4 7.3 132 10.1 9.3 /3.1 35.9 37.7

Current base institutional salary: 5$.500 or less 2.7 2.0 5.7 22 7.3 8.1 2.9 2.1 8,3 1.7 0.9 4.1 $8.800-19.1900 7.0 4.4 172 4.3 2.2 14.7 9.2 8.0 21.5 8.7 ILO 15.5 $9.800-011.600 12.5 10.4 21.4 9.0 8.4 22.0 18.9 15.3 22.8 11.6 9.8 18.0 111.600- 513,600 18.4 18.2 17.3 132 12.8 19.1 19A 20.4 15.7 IBA 15.5 17.2 $13,800 -0t 5,500 15.8 18.5 13.1 16.0 15.1 14.6 15.1 18.3 10.6 19.1 20.4 15.0 $15.600- 117.500 13.2 14.2 8.9 12.6 13.2 9.4 10.4 11.5 6.0 20.6 22.7 13.3 817.600-$19.500 9.9 102 5.5 10.8 112 4.5 7.3 8.0 4.7 13.4 15.0 8.4 2.4 $19.800-1121.500 82 7.7 2.8 82 9.9 3.4 8.0 833 2.6 3.7 $21.800- 124,500 6.I 7.0 2.3 8.9 10.3 1.7 8.0 5.2 32 IA 2.2 0.5 124.600 or more 9.7 102 5.4 14.1 16.0 42 7.9 8.4 6.0 3.5 2.9 5.8

Salary hews: 9110 months 86.8 68.2 69.0 60.1 69 3 64.3 68.4 68.7 87.5 782 78.5 792 11 /12 months 33.2 332 31.0 39.9 40.7 35.7 31.8 31.3 32.6 21.1 21.5 20,1

NOTEData are toted uponsample sunny. Because of rounding, percents may SOURCE: American Council on Education. Research Report Vol. 8. No. 2. not add to 100.0. Teachine Faculty M Academe: 1972- 73. 87 101 Table 103.-Demographic and background characteristics ofcollege faculty members, by type of institution and by sex: United States, spring 1969

(Percentage distribution, -r All institutions Universities Fouryear colleges Twoyear colleges item Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 - - Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 i f - , v Aga: Over 60 (born before 1909) .... . 7.7 7.3 9." 7.4 7.2 8.6 8.5 7.9 10.4 8.6 6.2 8.0 b1 -60 (born 1909-1918) 15.7 16.1 196 15.7 11.1 19A 16.6 15.0 17.7 18.1 152 18.5 41-50 (born 194b-19281 .. 28.7 28.7 i 6 27.1 27.3 25.8 28.7 25.6 28.4 28.0 27.6 29.0 38-40 (born 1929-1933) 16,5 17.3 13.0 17.3 18.3 11.7 15.9 18.4 14.5 14.8 15.5 12.2 31-35 (born 11034-1938) 17.4 18.5 12.8 17.8 18.6 13.3 17.1 18.4 12.8 16.6 18.3 11.9 30 or Ian (born after 19381 .. .. . 16.0 15 0 19.7 14.8 13A 21.1 17.0 16.7 18.1 18.0 17.2 20.3 Race. White 96.3 96.8 94.7 97.7 97.7 97.7 93.6 94.2 91.3 98.4 99.1 98.7 Black 1.8 3.9 0.6 0.4 1.0 6.0 4.2 7 4 .7 5 1.4 Orienal 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 .9 .5 .2 1.4 Other .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 2 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .5 Citizenship. Not U.S. citizen 3.8 4.0 2.8 4.8 5.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 .9 .8 1.3 U.S. citizen, naturalized 5.3 5.5 4.6 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.6 5.8 4.9 as 4.3 2.2 U.S. citizen, native 90.9 90.5 92.0 el9.8 89.2 91.6 91.1 90,9 91.9 95.3 949 96.5 Father's educational attainment: Eighth grade or less 29.1 30.0 25.6 28.1 26.9 21.9 30.5 31.5 28.2 37.1 39.4 30.5 Some high school 14.3 14.4 13.7 13.9 13.8 13.3 15.0 15.4 13.6 15.1 15.2 15.0 Completed high school 17.5 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.2 17.7 17.1 17.4 18.0 19.3 19.1 20.1 Some college 12.6 12.4 13.7 13.1 12.9 142 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.1 10.8 15.9 College graduate 9.7 9.5 10.0 11.0 10.9 11.7 9.0 8.7 10.1 8.5 8.7 5.8 Some graduate school 5.4 5.0 7.1 5.8 5.5 7.5 5.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 2.7 4.5 Advanced dean* 11.4 11.1 12.6 13.1 13.0 13.8 10.7 9.9 13.3 6.6 8.1 8.2 Religious background: Protestant 64.1 63.9 65.4 87.6 66.8 722 69.4 59.3 59.7 64.3 64.4 84.1 Catholic 16.9 15.9 21.3 13.0 12.7 14.8 19.9 18.6 24.3 23.4 21.8 28.2 Jewish 9.7 10.4 6.7 10.1 10.7 62 11.5 12.3 8.9 3.3 3.7 2.2 Other 3.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 3.4 2.6 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.8 3.8 2.8 None 3.2 3.3 2.6 3.7 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.5 22 2.4 1.4 No answer 2.7 3.0 1.2 2.3 1.8 .9 3.0 3.4 1.8 3.1 3.8 1.3 Cunene religion: Protestant 47.9 47.1 61.4 48.9 47.8 55.8 45.1 44.6 46.7 62.0 51.4 Catholic 53.5 13.5 12.2 19.2 9.6 92 122 18.4 14.7 22.4 20.1 17.0 28.8 Jewish 7.0 7.3 5.4 8,9 7.3 4.9 8.8 9.0 7.5 2.4 2.6 Other 1.6 5.9 8.1 5.2 8.0 6.2 5.1 6.8 6.7 5.1 8.8 7.1 None 5.9 20.7 21.9 15.8 23.7 24.6 18.8 19.0 20.2 15.0 13.8 15.0 10.1 No answer 4.9 6.4 3.1 4.7 4.9 3.4 5.3 5.8 3.3 5.0 8.0 2.1 Marital status: Currently married 79.3 87.0 47.4 83.2 89.4 48.1 74.9 83.7 45.8 78.7 88.0 50.3 Divorced. separated. widovad... . 4.8 3.0 12.4 4.1 2.7 12.1 5.7 3.5 12.9 2.8 Never married 52 12.2 15.9 10.0 40.1 12.7 7.9 39.8 19.4 12.8 41.6 18.1 11.2 37.5 Number of children: None 38.1 29.3 85.3 32.3 26.2 87.3 40.6 33.7 64.8 38.0 29.7 One 81.9 15.9 18.7 12.3 15.7 16.4 12.0 18.0 16.9 12.8 Two 18.3 18.0 11.5 23.7 28.3 12.9 25.4 27.7 12.0 22.0 24.3 139 22.5 25.9 Three or more 12.7 24.3 27.7 9.6 26.6 29.7 8.7 21A 25.1 8.8 23.1 26.3 13.9

NOTE.-Data are cased upon a sample survey by the Carnegie SOURCE: American Council on Education, Research Report Vol. 5. Commission on the F iture of Higher Education and the American No. 5.College and University Faculty: .A Statistical Description.June Council on Education. Because of rounding. percentages may not add 1970. to 100.0. Table 104. -Number and average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 10.ntonth contacts in institutions of higher educttion, bytype of institution mademle rank, end sets United States, 1972-73

Total Universities Other 4year 2year institutions institutions

Number Number Number Number Rank and tie of Average of Average of Average of Average faculty Pam faculty Want %write salary faculty salary members members members members

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .., Toed 251,897 013.913 93.234 $15,301 120.192 013.059 38,371 $12,053

Men 195.843 14,380 78,008 15,869 92.108 13.493 15,/29 12.890 Women 58.054 11,901 15,326 12,410 28.088 men 12,642 11,868

Psalmists 55,424 18.916 27,516 20.792 25.378 17.131 2.430 18.231

Men 49,968 19.127 25.878 20.987 22.198 17.203 1.894 16,644 Women 5.455 18,978 1,710 18.199 3.180 16.622 538 15.122

Associate professors 68,755 1.4.354 24.409 14,983 30.044 13,833 4,302 14,426

Men 49,205 14,472 21.366 15,072 24.813 13.953 3,226 14,459 Women 9.550 . 13.748 3.043 14,389 5,431 13,291 1.076 14,327

Assistant professors 86,234 12.046 31,371 12.484 48.697 11.741 8,166 12.181

Man 65,710 12,232 25.172 12,602 34.981 11.980 5,857 12.269 Women 20,524 11,450 6,199 11,901 11,716 11.088 2,609 12.015 instructors 81.484 10,662 9,938 9,779 18.073 9,482 23,473 11,959

Men 30.960 11,006 5,594 10,031 10,314 9.605 15,052 12,327 Women 20,624 10,143 4,344 9,454 7,759 9,273 8,421 11,301 _...._ SOURCE U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics. preliminary data from release doted February 16, 1973.

Table 105. -Median salaries of instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by modernist rank, type of institution, end site of enrollment: United Stases, 1971-72 and 1973-74

1971-72 1973 -74 Type of institution and sue of enrollment All ranks Professors Associate Assistant Instructors AU ranks Professors Associate Assistant Instructors combined professors professors and combined professors professors and lecturers lecturers

2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11

All year collages and universities 512.932 $18,091 913,968 $11,611 $9,347 $14273 $19297 $16,331 02244 $10211

Public universities: 10,000 students and over 13,960 19,131 14,629 12,109 9,863 15,882 21,238 15,918 13,186 10.498 5,000 to 9.499 12,757 17,052 13,770 11,562 9,382 14,187 18.717 15,144 12,844 10,229 Under 5.000 12,411 18,777 13 707 11,3132 9,278 14,001 19,302 15,342 12,569 10,157 Private universities; 5,000 and over 14.303 20,889 14,644 11,912 9,029 15,496 21,506 15,683 12,750 10,363 Under 5.000 12.783 17,639 13,857 11,480 9.386 13.636 19.124 14,732 12,243 10,065 Public colleges 12.304 17.885 13,618 11,271 9.353 13,518 18,352 14,916 12,470 10,748 Private colleges: 1.000 and over 11,483 15,929 12,716 10,748 9,217 12,410 16.822 13,570 11,488 9,708 600 to 999 10.440 13,735 11,470 10,007 8,456 11,081 14,690 12,164 10,499 9,960 Under 500 9.950 13,250 10,962 9,411 8,120 10.639 13,554 11,321 9,893 0.479

All 2yeer institutions' 11,759

Public institutions 11,952 13/18 2,000 students and over 13.255 14,925 1.000 to 1.999 10.765 12,442 Under 1,000 10,002 10,863 Private untie. .ons 8,856 9,457

t Sono a minority of the reporting 2.year institutions have not established SOURCES: National Education Association. Research Report 1972 Rb, Salaries professorial ranks, data are not shown by rank for these institutions. Aid and SalaryRdated Practice in Higher Education. 1971-74 and Research Memo 19744, Summary of Salaries Paid in Higher &location, 1973. 74. NOTE.-Salanes are for 9 months of fulltime teaching. (Copyright 0 1972and1974,respectively.bytheNationalEducation Association. All rights reserved.) 1%A. 100. Median annual navies of Instructional staff and cesministrativeofficers In Ow mikes 000 adversities: United States, 1939 -.GOto 1973.74

Position 1959-60 1861-83 1963 64 1969.48 1987-68 1969-70 1971-72 1973-74 -.... -- ..I 4.. 1 2 3 4 6 -4 8 7 8 9 Insttuellorial staff in Syeer . 1141149111end untasnitint

All mks $6,711 $7,488 ProNstors 18.183 $9,081 $10,235 $11,748 $12,932 $14,373 9,107 10,268 11,313 12,053 Astaciete Protatant 14,713 16.799 18,081 19,897 7,332 8,167 8.969 10,068 11,393 Assistant protesters 12,985 13;48 18,331 8,231 6.900 7,539 8,417 9.472 10,598 11,811 instructors end lecturers 5,088 5.683 12.644 6,114 6,761 7,498 8.416 9,347 10,211 Adistinbustive officers:

President 13,827 15,375 17.330 19.638 22.339 26,879 29,760 31,342 vise president 14,154 18.000 17,130 Ow of the cotiego 19,012 21,458 23,260 26.313 27,687 10,723 12,230 13,644 15,703 Dean of students 18,141 19,128 19,975 22.000 8,788 9.592 10,694 12,027 Dean of men 14,088 16,050 17,830 119,117 7,280 8,303 9,144 9,783 Dean of women 10,983 12,319 13,090 14,500 5.539 7,309 8,218 9,209 Dean of admissions 10.289 11,408 12,448 13,198 7.880 8,838 9,572 10.384 Registrar 11.445 12,993 14,280 15,773 8.340 7,312 8,142 9,123 10,388 11,743 13,108 Business manager 8,538 14,443 9,405 10.512 11,780 14,914 17,615 19,019 21,039 Chief librarian 7.078 8,183 8,883 10,225 11,817 13,439 14,891 Director of public relations 7,194 7,689 16417 8,440 9,595 10,823 12,784 14,652 Director of athknim 8,104 15.523 8,930 9,871 11,125 12,470 14,311 18,821 17,815 Reed football coach 7.824 8,554 9321 10,718 11,488 13.395 14,591 18,159 Reed basketball coach 6,888 7,700 8,542 9,383 10.485 11,779 13,208 14,700 t Median for "student personnel services vice presidentor director." SOURCES: WORM EducationAssociation.Research Report Economic Salim of Ow Midas *Onion, 1972- 1973.23, NOS.-Wanes of instructional staff ere for 9 months of full time teaching; 19741, TS; endResearch Memo salaries of adminbtrative off tears are usually for 11 or 12 months of service. ,6sinnmeyof Make Fold InliquoreducoNon,5973-7A (Copyright 0 1973 end 1074.meistatantlY.by as Nationet Association. All rights reserved.) Education

Table 107. - Number of institutions of higher education,by type, control, and size of alrolatent: United States, fal11973

All institutions Universities Control of institution end AB other 2.yeer institutions site of enrollment - 4.yeer institutions - -s. Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrolknent Number . , Enrollment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 e 9 Public and privets institutions 2,885 ... 9414450 3.048,894 1,842 3,800.379 984 2.626.787 Under 200 282 28.947 0 200 to 499 0 190 19,889 72 387 130,019 0 0 9,058 500 to 999 542 215 78,209 152 83.810 398,178 0 0 386 1,000 to 2.499 880 288.811 178 127,387 2,500 to 4,999 1.082.699 1 1,985 409 6374.6 328 1,181,428 10 270 423,987 MOO to 9499 40,410 175 811,911 143 269 1,841,726 48 809,107 10,000 to 19.999 371,133 120 836,034 93 149 2,093494 48 703,222 834,559 20,000 to 29.999 44 52 872,172 81 718,600 1,014,980 27 220,045 30,000 or more 34 11 252,302 6 142,480 1,488420 29 1411,878 4 128,025 1 47,119 Public institutions . A 1,182 7,059.574 94 2,342.439 9% 2.174,571 733 2,562,584 Under 200 -. .. 10 1,483 0 200 to 499 0 4 483 5 60 23.095 0 0 979 500 to 99P 199 8 2600 52 30,285 119603 0 0 21 1.000 to 2,499 314 17,241 138 102,882 811,792 0 0 68 2,500 to 4,999 233 115,193 248 3913.599 8,000 to 9.999 836611 0 0 94 208 1,453,452 341.181 139 494,330 10,000 to 19,999 15 123,701 99 700.261 129 1,808,344 30 92 829,800 20.000 to 29,999 488,849 48 619,096 39 897,233 22 51 718 600 30400 or more 502,450 11 262,302 6 33 1,420,783 27 1,247439 14:A80 r 4 128,025 1 41,119 Privet* innitutions , 1,483 2,145498 46 709458 1,197 1,3213,814 231 113,233 Under 200 252 27,488 MO to 499 0 0 188 307 109,924 19.409 06 8.079 500 to 999 0 0 207 383 278,275 0 73,409 100 33,815 1400 to 2.499 0 346 251,570 38 386 580,905 1 24.706 2,500 to 4,999 98 1,988 343 521,833 22 325,917 10 40.410 27,088 5.000 to 9.999 53 81 270,730 4 14,777 10,000 to 19,999 388,374 31 247,432 21 20 287480 135,783 1 5,059 20,000 to 29,999 16 234,573 4 5 117,818 53.077 0 0 30400 or more 8 117,818 0 0 0 2 84,237 2 84,237 0 0 0 0 0 NOTE. - Includes students Mime proweins ofscaly are creditable toward s bachelor's or higher degree end also students In 1, 2.,or 3-yew undergraduate SOL iCE: U.S Department of Health. Education. and Weltare, for I du cation Statistics, National Center programs not creditable toward a bachelor's degree but designedfor knmediete FaN Ovothnent lie Mt liveasion, !NM employment or to provide general education. Table 109. --Number of institutions of hither education. by typo. tona01. and State: 1979 74

All other 4ess State AU institutions Univeruties institutions Vyear insolidions or Total Privet other area Public Private Public Private Public Private Public a 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 65 347 1211 780 243 Muted Mato 3,730 MOO 1.520 93 ... 2 0 to IS Is s Alabama .. .. . 51 30 21 ..... 1 3 1 2 1 0 0 1 u Alaska ...... 6 2 0 1 a 13 1 Anions ...... 21 IS .. .. 2 3 Arkansas.. 19 8 11 1 0 5 8 91 9 Celsius me 221 117 104 1 4 21 95 7 12 0 Colorado 33 21 t.' 2 I II 1 19 16 5 Connecticut 48 21 25 1 4 I I 3 Delaware ...... 7 3 4 1 0 I 2 7 1 2 .. I. 3 14 0 5 District or C olumhta . 5 Florida 88 37 29 3 1 6 23 28

1 1 IS 22 15 e Georgia 82 31 31 1 0 I 4 7 0 Hawaii ...... 13 9 4 2 1 9 6 3 1 0 3 2 Idaho 10 Illinois 137 50 87 3 5 I 72 40 33 2 4 Indiana 45 5 39 4 2 0

1 IS 6 Iowa 55 18 37 2 1 30 24 0 4 20 21 4 Kansas . 52 28 3 .. 38 28 2 0 6 21 0 7 8 Kentucky 2 Louisiana 23 12 11 1 2 9 9 0 1 13 2 1 Marne 18 4 14 I 0 8 18 IS 3 Maryland 47 25 22 1 1 31 87 1 7 13 54 17 36 Massachusetts 118 8 42 48 3 1 10 39 29 Michigan 88 4 57 38 31 1 0 7 27 18 Minnesota I1 18 7 Mississippi 42 24 le 2 0 a 6 73 22 51 1 2 9 43 12 Miaow' 3 3 0 Montana 12 9 3 2 0 4 1 4 12 a 1 Nebraska 27 13 14 1 1 3 0 5 5 I 1 0 1 Nevada 12 7 3 New Hampshire 25 10 15 1 0 2 23 IS 8 81 28 33 1 2 II New Maw 4 3 2 0 New Mexico 11 8 3 2 0 259 80 179 2 12 34 133 44 34 New York 28 12 99 58 43 1 2 0 58 North Carolina 3 3 0 North Dakota 12 9 ;I 2 0 4 I 82 20 8 Ohio 104 33 71 8 a 1 9 14 4 Oklahoma 40 28 14 2 10 17 13 2 Oregon 40 20 20 2 1 5 15 100 14 10 Pennsylvania 148 32 114 3 4 1 10 1 0 Rhoda Island 13 3 10 1 0 47 23 24 2 0 7 19 14 5 South Carolina 2 16 e 10 2 0 4 8 0 South Dakota 34 12 8 62 19 43 1 1 5 Tennessee 28 45 80 s Texas 13E 81 55 6 4 1 2 1 8 2 Utah 13 9 4 2

14 1 0 3 12 2 2 Vermont 20 6 6 70 38 34 3 0 10 28 23 Virginia 4 12 25 0 Washington 43 31 12 2 0 1 10 8 4 2 West Virginia 25 15 10 0 1 28 16 1 Wisconsin 59 29 30 1 12 1 0 0 7 0 Wyoming 8 8 0 0 0 7 7 0 0 0 7 0 0 U.S. Service Schools ,,===ig - ___ 7 3 1 Outlying mass 16 8 a 1 o 0 I I 1 0 0 0 0 American Samoa I 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Canai Zone 0 o 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 Guam 7 1 1 Puerto Rico 11 3 8 I 0 1 1 0 0 0 Virgin Islands 1 1 0 0 0 Trust Territory of the 0 0 0 I 0 Pacific Mends 1 1 0 0 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Resod, Education. and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Schication Education Directory, 1973 74. Trends in the Number of institutions of Higher Education

Between 1953-54 and 1973-74, the number of chart suggests, the number of single-sex institutions colleges, universities, and putfinsional schools listed reached a peak in the mid-1960's (there were 236 in the Office of Education's Education Directory: colleges for men and 281 for women in 1965-66) Higher Education increased from 1,845 to 2,720. The and has subsequently declined very substantially. net increase of 875 institutions included almost 500 Today there are only 127 men's colleges and 142 2-year institutions and nearly 400 4-year colleges and women's colleges in the country. They tend to be universities. The number of 2-year institutions nearly small, privately controlled institutions, andmany of doubled over the 20-year period, while the 4-year them are affiliated with a religious group. Thereare colleges and universities increased bymore than only 11 publicly controlled, single-sex institutions in one-fourth. the country today. Five of these are service academies The last two decades have seenan upsurge in the operated by the Federal Government. The remaining relativeimportance of public higher education. six are State institutions, four for men and two for Twenty years ago public institutions enrolled slightly women. more than one-half of all college students. Today For moredetailedinformationonthe more than three-fourths of the students are attending characteristics of institutions of higher education, the these institutions. The number of public institutions reader may wish to consult the Education Directory: has increased by 557 since 1953-54, while private Zither Education, The 1973-74 edition of this collegesanduniversitiesrose by 318. About annual publication is available for $5.30 from the 56 percent of the colleges and universities at the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government present time are private, but they tend to be Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. substantially smaller than their publicly controlled counterparts. Another major trend in higher education today is W. VANCE GRANT the trend toward coeducation. As the accompanying specialist in educational statistics

Figure 13.Number of institutions of higher education formen, for women, and coeducational: United Statee,190344 to 1973-74 INSTITUTIONS

2.500 2 500

2.000 " 2.000

1.500 1,500

1.000 1,000

500 Institutions for women

1ollstUlicos for nun

195344 195748 198102 19E1549 1989.70 1973.74 NOT!, Oete MO 'or 50 states and the District of Columbia for all years. SOURCE: U.S. Oetwohnent of Health. Education. end Welton. Office of Education, Education Elitactotv Huh., Education.

92 106 Table 109,Number of Institutions of highs, education, by highest level of offering, ten of students, and control of institution; United States 1973 74 1.111 NIPS Pi fate gON of iota Ina anti Likol Icily. Sidle State I memo:wont RIPIgiou$ grout. sea of students fades& I State county. ni and anatorl dl relg taus 6111160 WOO romp istotestans Catholic Othef

1 3 9 10 11

all All ...... 667 _al 122 ..L._ Cuedu.anonal 1:113 -it3 -t01 41 .1 JUI1 3 671 47t t47 14 Mtn only 127 5 4 0 0 0 37 87 19 Women only 142 0 2 0 O 0 AO 10 43 1 Coastlines 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 151:14ren-Unnhts." 2 but less sin 4 years beyond Soh school .,1.011.1 268 297 204 0 138 73 30 Coeducatnmai 954 267 297 204 0 10S 70 18 2 Men only . 11 0 0 0 0 8 0 4 0 Women only 0 0 0 0 0 27 3 8 0 . a 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 Coordinate" .0...... ~govaiumikammois=100selamena 41.or 5.year baccalaureate dross 753 a 61 4 2 1 280 280 172 8 011..0.1.111

..:ooducational 628 0 sa 4 2 1 230 265 64 4 Men only ...... 50 3 0 0 0 Is 2 24 3 Woman only 79 0 0 0 0 0 35 1: 31 Coordinate" 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 0

Fiestprc,ossionai &woo . 78 4 1 0 0 30 21 9 4

Coeducational 57 0 4 0 0 32 19 1 0 4 Men only . 21 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 8 Women oi ly .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coordinatx7 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sister's dosses...... 434 0 138 76 as 9

Coeducational 387 0 138 I I 0 134 74 38 3 Men only 27 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 14 6 Welton only 19 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 4 0 Coordinate.'...... 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Beyond master's but NU than doctorate 109 0 88 0 0 20 11

Coeducational 99 0 67 5 0 0 18 3 6 o Mon only 0 0 0 1 0 8 2 Wilms only . 2 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 Coorthisate3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A Doctorate 333 2 140 5 2 2 110 40 22 10

Coeducational 317 2 139 5 2 2 102 40 20 5 Men only 10 0 0 0 4 0 2 4 Women only ...... 4 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 Coordmato3 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

I Includes 7 U.S Service Schools and Marken Indian Jumot College. 3 Institutions vath senses swims for men and for women. Includes Jewish, Letteay Saints. Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Unitarian SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Cantor for Education Statistics. 11141to edurotien: Eduroffon Directory, 1573 M. Tubb 110, IWO d8W555 90011 rid by foittfutions of Moho ol000tioo, by foal of degree andby gaup II and 1811 ...1:

40 1970-71 1971-711 Mee eraltelor's Puss. Meter's Doctor's - 1. Woo 't Pot Master's Deetor's decree. potimonsi dorms degmes degrees prefessiolud *DM Open other wee deafen . A dopes 1 2 3 5 .3 7 0 Un to: Stem 839,730 $7 1,948 230,509 21,107 803.800 WOO 1150260 38.280 Magma 13.000 ala 2.561 $3 13,7110 490 3.190 Alaska ...... 389 0 231 12 Among . 0 280 10 8.361 tit $.155 396 8.100 140 3.420 410 Maws 7.284 305 1.185 116 7,700 *40 Ceidonue /3.6,4 1.390 tie 3,893 31,097 3,349 77,70 4.460 NAM 3.470

Colorado ...... 12.401 502 3.571 658 13.000 510 3170 Connection 11,459 680 449 4.353 13,100 510 4.720 540 Pe loam 1,602 0 473 75 Monet of cohort,* 1.700 0 510 80 5,997 1,844 4,833 516 0,200 1.7/0 GAN Ponds .. . . . 30.933 866 5,069 702 211.000 760 5.500 730 Oeofshe 15,117 /69 4,541 456 15,000 980 4.930 470 Rowan . . . 3,051 0 1,104 18 3,100 0 1,200 80 Idaho . . 2,144 34 452 51 2,900 40 500 00 ...... 41,951 2.461 13,787 JOS 44.000 3.820 14,940 3,180 INDIUM 33.643 888 8.833 1,355 34200 990 9,380 1,410 ...... 14,184 5912 3,266 703 15200 080 2,890 730 12.3130 387 3.849 387 Kentucky 13,000 440 LON 400 13,459 844 1.785 190 13,100 970 Lousiane ...... 14,051 /00 820 3,343 391 14,830 940 33.000.630 410 Mew...... 4,4132 50 748 to 4,700 70 810 30 kleytand 12,624 tot 3,244 551 13,300 690 3,1320 510 Mesmchusetts 30.832 3,111 11,236 1,791 33,200 Mithisen 9.430 13,190 1180 38.792 1.481 13,281 1,793 38.700 1.690 14.390 1,080 /Annotate 10,014 738 3.791 813 Miniumpi 19,800 840 3220 840 8,816 195 1,856 225 9,300 220 1 900 330 Missouri 19,533 1,405 6,009 1345 20,600 Leto Montane 6.520 610 3.991 3$ 693 1. 4,200 40 140 so Nebraska 9.870 402 1,374 223 farads 10.400 460 1,490 230 1,283 0 260 19 1,300 0 280 New flemoshire to 4,328 0 598 54 4.600 0 650 60 New army 19,690 683 5,094 501 20.700 780 New Mexico 0.180 570 4,327 82 1,301 182 4.600 90 1,410 190 New York 72,236 4.199 20,971 3.310 4800 North Wolin, 76,000 32,1110 3.490 19,847 737 3,443 123 20.900 040 Noah Dekute 3,740 750 4,017 34 035 18 4,200 40 730 190 Ohio 44,325 1,730 9,782 1.419 46,600 1,080 10,590 1,470 Oklehome 12,486 352 2,868 487 13,100 400 3,140 490 Oregon 10189 489 3,251 494 10,600 5410 510 Pefinsylmnia 3.630 50.074 2,388 12,434 1136 62,700 3,70 13.490 1.700 Rhode blend 5,107 0 1.301 207 5,403 0 1,420 no South Quoins. 8.039 278 1,093 125 8.500 320 1,180 130 South Dakota 4.798 58 888 52 5,000 70 Tenamme 940 50 16.575 888 3,236 484 17,400 990 3.610 900 Twin 43.329 2,112 9,803 1.399 45,800 2,430 Uteh 10.420 1.410 9,363 168 2,018 394 0.800 190 2,190 410

Vermont 3,045 46 704 as 3,200 780 Virginb 50 30 14,782 808 3.174 372 1500 920 3,440 Washington 390 16.558 387 3,427 874 9,400 440 3,720 West Engine 800 7,901 184 1,265 102 8.300 210 1270 110 Wisconsin 22,700 614 4,815 960 23,900 700 5.220 1,000 Womb RI 1,315 329 88 1,400 40 360 90 U.S. Service Schools 2287 0 958 19 3,000 0 1,040 20

A 0113134n0 craw 5,350 330 97, 6,300 300 1,000 10

CAW Zone 7 O 0 0 121 0 0 0 Gum 97 0 8$ 0 100 0 0 Puerto Rico 70 6.228 330 014 6 8,600 380 900 10 Virgin Wends 48 0 0 0 100 0 0 0

I U.S. tomb are orelimlnwy date hounded!. Stem end Vie figures are estimated. SOURCES: U.S. Department of 'faith. education. *no Welfare. National Canter Lem then 50. for Education Sunistka. aim* °awn ConArm4 7970 -71: and eglifnlarli of the National Ceram for education Statistics Table 111.Bich slo", master% sod dootoes dogmas =Mood by in tituticas of Watt **viatica. by ID of student and by field of study: United Ststos, 1970-.71 ... . Bachelor's degrees Seconders's! (mesas's) Doctor's degrees Mew tee of study requiring....--. 4 or 6 years degrees (PhD.. Ed.13.. etc.) Total Men Women Total Men Women Total flan Women

2 3 4 5 8 7 8 a 10 230409138.14692.363 32.10727.530 4.577 AB fields 639,730478,694364.136 2.313 144 1.086 1.065 31 Agriculture end newel resource 12.672 12,138 636 2.457 123 122 Agricuiture. general 1.491 1.445 48 293 293 10 169 165 4 Agronomy 823 812 11 87 84 3 89 84 5 Soils stenos 212 207 6 344 318 28 145 140 6 Animal science 2.445 2.232 223 245 237 8 54 62 2 30 30 .. .. Dairy science 5 27 27 .... Poultry science DO 79 1 so 45 7 43 42 1 Fish, geme, end wildlife management 938 916 20 151 144 . 78 73 3 Horticulture 386 347 38 161 147 14 1 2 Ornamental horticulture 200 178 24 10 9 Agneatural end farm management 213 210 14 212 209 3 Agncultuna economies .175 1.168 10 417 403 Agnculturel business 883 868 18 6 119 110 9 Food science end technology 333 280 47 188 165 33. 92 Forestry 1.826 1.804 22 291 282 9 92 .... 16 . .. Natural resources management 424 396 28 76 74 2 16 Agriculture and forestry technologies 164 154 .... 18 18 .... 8 8 . .. 15 .. .. Range management 136 134 2 27 27 ... 18 711 681 30 184 147 17 43 42 1 Other 3 Architecture end environmental desIgn 5.570 4,906 684 1.705 1A69 238 36 33 .. 2 Environmental design, general 568 404 164 58 42 16 2 Architecture 3A59 3.284 176 626 678 47 6 i.... Interior design 314 82 232 6 2 Landscape architecture 505 474 31 107 99 8 1 3 2 Urban architecture ...... 60 54 8 i City. community. and regional planning 229 204 25 810 658 152 23 23 .... 3 1 1 .. .. Other 496 458 37 39 36 120 24 Arell studies 2.492 1,174 1,318 1,007 818 389 144 5 1 Asian studies, general 162 83 79 100 68 32 6 22 7 1 Ent Asian studies 42 18 24 87 85 s South Asian (India. etc I studies 26 16 10 18 11 7 3 Southeast Asian studies 10 s 5 8 8 27 2 African studies 13 5 8 67 40 3 1 1 Islamic studies 4 fitosion end Seek studies 136 73 83 49 29 20 Lean Anierican steles 280 148 132 148 78 70 3 Middle Eastern studies 4 2 2 8 European studies. general 81 31 Eastern Ewopean studies 20 17t 3 West European studies 28 11 15 8 4 American steles 1.468 830 838 231 108 126 87 49 18 Pedfle wee studies 1 Other 282 133 119 GM 206 ft 50 46 4 Biological seems 36.743 25,333 10,410 5.728 3.805 1923. 3.645 3.060 896 iliolo ay. general 26,294 18.263 8.041 2.665 1,748 919 638 405 131 546 349 197 311 212 99 223 195 38 Soma. Fowl 42 all 8 BecterlologY 383 210 143 74 47 27 100 6 Plant istalcologif 16 13 2 so 69 21 105 7 6 1 28 19 9 37 34 3 Wont ShYsioloGV 72 Zoology, general 6.310 4,314 1.068 691 451 240 418 346 Pathology, human and aninte ...... 85 54 11 58 WI 6 Plammeoloay. human and animal 1 1 .. 76 es 17 161 141 20 inersioto)y, human and enirnel 177 146 32 148 116 32 245 ael 4 t 158 69 Microbtolway 1.122 698 526 382 224 323 264 Amatoeny 6 4 1 112 73 39 149 126 23 Histol097 1 1 ... 1 1 .. 81 Bloetemistry 668 430 135 251 152 99 617 436 14 Biophysics . 53 34 19 39 31 8 101 87 Molecuter biology se 49 17 6 4 2 32 25 7 Cell biology 29 17 12 6 1 6 16 10 6 12 12 Marine b i o l o g y 8 2 6 0 2 46 4 0 6 .. .. Biometrics and biostecisties 8 4 4 44 31 13 24 20 4 Ecology as 78 18 21 16 s 17 15 2 Entomology 154 147 17 188 161 27 215 302 13 Genetics 48 22 24 88 51 37 128 109 19 Reliobiology ...... 26 19 6 13 11 2 Nutrition. scientific 39 14 24 103 23 V 42 32 10 Neuroscience 22 18 8 2 2 8 7 1 Toxicology ...... 9 4 5 9 4 t Embryology ...... 1 1 Other jai 651 120 .i 6 we ifs 38 Business and menage rent 116.627105.060 10,467 14.544 26,606 1.038 810 787 23 Business end commerce, general 30,187 27,208 2,979 8,693 8,318 377 190 188 2 Accounting 22,099 20,036 2,083 1,097 994 103 61 59 3 Business stealing 198 171 27 104 97 7 7 Renting and 'Weise 8,922 5,767 165 1,781 1.741 40 23 23 . Investment end securities 183 174 9 47 44 3 2

SOURCE: U.B. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics, Lamed Owvis C0011,10: 1970 n.

95 109 Table 111. - Bachelor's, master% and domes degrees confuted by Institutionsof higher education. by sex of student end by field of study: United States. 1970-71- Continued

Bachelor's degrees Secondlovel frostier's) Doctor's degrees maior hold of study requiring 4 or 5 years degrees (Ph.D.. Ed D..,..---.. etc.) total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women .. 1 2 . 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 Business management end administration 28,028 26,096 1,932 9.571 9,253 318 306 296 10 Operations research 138 129 7 604 478 28 80 48 2 Hotel end restaurant management 616 568 48 18 17 1 Mahatma and purchasing 15,985 14.698 1.289 1,383 1,328 se 15 26 .... transportation and public utilities 882 858 8 83 3 Real estate 420 404 18 40 3 insurance 478 464 14 18 18 . 3 International business 220 202 18 245 235 1.0 6 Secretarial studies 1,323 Personnel management 1,205 1.116 89 296 288 8 3 Labor and industrial ',lotions 1,148 1,094 64 300 294 18 25 24 Business economics 1 2.179 2,051 129 241 225 17 86 62 4 Other 4,538 4,204 334 2.142 2,090 52 37 38 1 Communications 10$02 6,989 3,813 1,888 1.214 642 146 126 19 Communications, general 1,734 1,068 888 518 314 204 93 78 15 Journalism 5.144 2,883 2,281 853 588 295 15 13 2 Radio/television 1,889 1,581 339 195 143 92 5 Advertising 1.194 882 312 94 73 Communication media 478 330 149 86 se Other 363 285 88 110 70 40 32 30 2 Computer and information sciences 2,388 2,084 324 1,588 1,424 184 128 125 3 Computer and information sciences, general 1.624 1,388 238 1.131 988 143 110 107 3 Information sciences and systems 177 148 31 143 130 13 11 11 .. .. Data processing 409 380 49 171 188 Computer progi.vring 32 32 . .. 5 Systems analysis 88 87 1 88 88 6 Other i se 51 7 50 49 1 1 Education 176,571 48,089131,482 88.718 38.899 49,817 6,398 5,043 1,355 Education, general 2.026 383 1.843 12.867 5,458 7,409 1.598 1.272 328 Elementary education. general 90,432 8,090 82,342 17$70 3.123 13,947 219 1111 103 Secondary education, general 3,649 1,629 2,020 5,422 2$37 2.486 212 170 Junior high school education 42 721 280 481 134 67 97 2 Higher education. general 1 1 8 6 . .. . 308 145 183 274 233 41 Junior and community college education 1 1 . ... 91 BS 38 Adult and continuing education 6 5 1 12 7 5 239 141 98 45 35 Special education, general 10 2,320 3 1,979 3,051 846 2,208 114 77 37 Administration of special education ...... 106 40 es 9 6 3 Education of the mentally retarded 2,640 375 2,285 935 287 Education of the gifted 868 18 13 6 12 1 11 28 7 Education of the deaf 239 11 228 208 40 1138 4 Education of the culturally 2 2 disadvantaged 3 1 2 115 es Education of the visually handicapped 78 4 74 97 25 72 Speech correction 2 1 1 2,358 284 2,074 572 78 494 40 Education of the emotionally disturbed 30 10 347 58 291 378 91 287 Remedial education 14 9 5 ...... 87 17 Special learning disabilities 125 9 116 179 37 142 2 Education of the Physically handicapped 149 17 132 150 32 118 Education of the multiply handicapped 83 4 es 60 12 Social foundations 180 110 70 534 304 230 129 Se 31 Educational psychology 307 198 109 1,288 612 Preoiemetary education 674 382 274 88 3,406 47 3,358 533 34 499 9 2 Educational Oltenia and research 7 3 . . . 3 61 34 27 BB Educational testing, evaluation, and 45 13 measurement ...... 222 109 Student personnel 118 30 24 6 7 3 4 13,335 6,589 6,746 558 Educational administration 440 116 5 4 1 7,702 6,127 1,575 957 Educational supervision 875 82 ...... 707 333 374 Curriculum and instruction 71 82 9 113 81 216 2,281 887 1,374 458 Reading education 341 117 9 1 8 2.789 299 Art education 2,490 61 31 30 5,661 1,598 4,083 998 334 Music education 864 53 37 16 7,264 3,084 4,200 1,564 837 727 Mathematics education 109 95 14 2,217 1,078 1,139 782 429 353 Science education 49 34 16 891 479 412 883 540 343 Physical education 91 78 15 24,732 15,177 9,555 4,410 3,032 1,378 283 Driver and safety education 214 69 132 89 33 171 146 25 Health education 2 1 1 1,089 447 642 405 109 206 51 liminess, commerce, and distributive 43 8 education 8,550 2.627 5.923 1,924 777 1,147 Industrial arts, vocational and 82 56 28 technical education 7,071 6,988 108 2,099 1988 Agricultural education 111 106 100 6 1,398 1,384 14 447 428 21 Education of exceptional children, 43 42 1 not classified above 28 3 23 112 28 ee 4 3 1 lame economics education 6,449 94 6,355 802 77 725 28 1 27 Suring education 603 13 580 330 13 317 28 1 27 )tier 1.195 238 957 ginearing 2,272 1,279 993 219 178 43 50,048 49,646 400 18,443 Engineering. general 16,258 185 s,038 3,615 23 2,864 2,829 38 813 kerospaoe. aeronautical, astronautical 804 9 219 216 3 engineering 2,443 2,428 17 qpicultural engineering 717 711 8 217 214 3 504 903 1 135 134 1 65 55 .... _ .__ _ : unent of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics,Earned Dairies Conpred: 3970- 71. Table 111.-Bacheioes, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of Wiper education. by sex of student end by field of study: United States, 1070-71 - Continued

Bachelor's degrees Second-level (master's) Doctor's degrees Major field of study requl Mg 4 or 6 years degrees (PhD., Ed.()etc.)

Total Mon Women Total Man Women Total Men Women -. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 10

Architectural engineering 272 288 4 31 29 2 3 81wmigineering and biomedical engineering 68 67 1 73 72 1 29 29 .. .. Chemical engineering 3,579 3.516 63 1,100 1,074 28 408 404 2 Petroleum engineering 292 281 1 100 99 1 17 17 .... Civil, construction. and transportation engineering 8,528 6.474 52 2,425 2,397 38 448 443 3 Electrical, electronics, communications engineering 12,198 12,122 78 4,282 4.262 30 879 878 3 Mechanical engineering 8,858 8,817 41 2,237 2,232 5 438 43E1 ... . Geological engineering 123 122 1 39 9 Geophysical engineering 28 26 .. . 7 1 Industrial and management engineering 3,171 3,152 i9 1,921 1,698 23 139 138 3 Metallurgical engineering 623 617 6 273 272 1 148 147 1 Materiels engineering 78 73 3 124 118 6 78 77 1 Ceramic engineering 178 174 4 39 25 25 .... Textile engineering 212 211 1 32 31 1 1 Mining and mineral engineering 158 187 1 68 88 .... 43 43 .... Engineering physics 373 368 5 65 63 2 28 25 1 Nuclear engineering 250 248 4 329 327 2 120 120 ... . Engineering mechanics 260 258 2 264 282 2 148 147 1 Environmental and sanitary engineering 54 62 2 238 224 14 49 49 .... Navel architecture and marine engineering 418 415 1 71 71 ... . 13 13 .... Ocean engineering 64 64 . 62 1 Engineering technologies 5,148 5,106 42 134 134 ... . 1 Other 1,310 1,292 18 876 851 26 127 125 2 Fine end applied arts 30,394 12,258 18,138 6,875 3,510 3,185 821 483 138 Pine arts, general 3,695 1,272 2,323 558 268 288 28 21 7 Art 10,688 3,920 6,768 1,690 960 730 6 3 3 An history and appreciation 1.709 333 1,376 283 92 171 48 24 22 Music (performing, composition, theory) 3,318 1,559 1,769 1,713 878 835 200 164 38 Music (liberal arts program) 2,648 1,124 1,524 623 382 271 88 73 13 Music history and appreciation 98 43 53 99 47 52 40 38 4 Dramatic arts 3,675 1,881 2,014 1,039 549 490 122 100 22 Dance 297 23 274 78 10 88 1 . .. . 1 Applied design 2,048 916 1,132 120 82 38 2 1 1 Cinematography 70 58 12 28 24 2 Photography 477 401 78 57 50 7 ...... Other 1,773 946 827 411 198 213 90 81 29 Foreign languages 19,945 6,028"14,870 4,755 1,642 3,113 781 484 797 Foreign languages, general 607 219 388 444 171 273 122 87 59 French 7,308 1,140 6,166 1,437 331 1,108 192 103 89 German 2,801 982 1,639 890 298 394 144 95 49 Italian 201 55 146 87 28 89 10 5 5 Spanish 7,068 1,807 5,281 1,458 629 927 168 98 70 Russian 715 277 438 110 61 59 14 14 .... Chinese 89 43 46 22 10 12 8 Japanese 77 28 51 19 3 18 1 1 Latin 483 168 297 132 49 83 6 Greek, classical 104 es 39 21 10 11 18 11 7 Hebrew 203 129 74 19 17 2 4 Arabic 15 4 11 0 4 3 1 Indian (Asiatic) 1 1 3 Scandinavian languages 82 16 48 29 13 18 1 Slavic languages (other than Russian) 110 55 55 88 37 51 32 24 8 African languages InonSamiticl 2 . . 2 3 2 1 1 Other 321 41.0 211 192 89 103 54 43 11 Health professions 25,228 5,788 19,438 5,749 2,667 3,182 486 389 77 Health professions, general 230 140 90 46 26 20 12 11 1 Hospital and health care administration 60 56 4 498 438 60 14 14 .... Nursing 12,199 283 11,948 1,530 31 1,49 7 1 6 Dental specialties 5 5 .... 450 428 22 14 14 .... Medial specteldes 11 11 . . 128 108 23 43 29 14 Occupational therapy 883 28 837 51 8 Optometry 351 339 12 12 10 2 :' Pharmacy 4,549 3,638 913 194 154 40 94 93 1 Physical therapy 1,252 257 995 73 19 Dental hygiene 531 2 529 24 .. - Public health 127 91 38 1,244 772 472 B6 88 19 Medical record librarianship 148 7 Podiatry or pediatric medicine ...... 6 Biomedical communication ...... 5 Veterinary medicine specialties 2 2 89 83 6 48 48 1 Speech pathology and audiology 1,427 178 1,251 823 152 671 70 48 22 Chiropractic 2 2 ...... Clinical social work 38 24 12 304 168 138 7 8 2 Medical laboratory technologies 3,097 388 2,711 45 13 32 4 3 1 Dental technologies 82 62 ...... Radiate* technologies 48 29 19 32 23 9 10 10 .... 284 131 65 68 48 10 Other 426 142 198 i SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics. anted Degrees ConfOrtid: 1970- 71.

97 111 Table 111.-Bsehalaes, muter's, and doctor's decrees conferred by institutions of highereducation, by see of student and W field of study: United States, 1970-71- Continued

Bachelor's degrees Second4Ny.1('11ml) Doctor's degrees Major field of study requiring 4 or 5 years degrees (Ph.D.. Ed.D.. etc.) _ .. Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women . 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 Home economics 11,167 301 10.866 1.452 88 1,384 123 48 76 Home economics, Om& 8.439 49 6,390 648 21 827 18 .... 18 Home decoration and home equipment 378 17 359 31 .. - 31 1 Clothing and textiles 1,821 13 1,508 123 2 121 8 . ... 8 Consumer economics end home management 232 13 219 58 2 56 5 1 4 Family relations and child development 1,667 41 1,826 296 45 251 65 34 21 Foods end nutrition 981 19 982 231 10 221 33 13 20 Institutional management and cafeteria management 342 128 214 32 6 26 2 Other 609 21 698 33 2 31 1 .. - 1 Law 545 518 27 956 909 46 20 20 .... Lew. general 636 509 27 922 880 42 20 20 .... Other 9 9 .. - 33 29 Letters 73,122 28,546 44,576 12,710 6,407 7,303 2,416 1,849 iii English. general 51,562 17,002 34,660 7,610 2.852 4,558 1208 708 300 Literature, English 4,641 1,699 2,942 885 385 520 274 190 84 Comparative liters ire 428 150 278 246 85 160 96 88 28 Classics 341 177 184 110 61 59 57 49 8 Linguistics 250 83 187 352 173 179 150 113 37 Speech, debate, and forensic science 8,970 2.983 3887 1,715 700 1,015 235 180 55 Creative writing 154 72 82 185 132 53 6 Teaching of English as a fomitll44911401 43 5 38 238 78 158 5 2 3 Philosophy 5,785 4.620 1,165 598 449 149 394 358 36 Religious studies 2,381 1,508 855 728 445 283 180 152 8 Other 887 349 338 148 77 69 31 23 8 Library science 1,013 81 932 7201 1,311 8,690 39 29 11 Library science, general 978 80 898 6,959 1,296 5,563 38 26 9 Other 35 1 34 42 15 27 4 2 2 Mathematics 24.801 15,369 9,432 5,191 3,673 1,618 1,199 1,106 93 Mathematics, general 24,253 14,951 9,302 4,499 3.132 1,367 971 890 81 Statistics, mathemeticel and theoretical 214 160 54 495 386 99 186 173 12 Applied mathematics 248 201 47 132 115 17 43 43 .. .. Other 88 57 29 65 30 35 Military Oen= 357 356 1 2 Military sciences (Army) 86 Naval science (Navy, Marines) 44 Aerospace science (Air Force) 22 21 Other . ... . Physical sciences 21,412 18,459 2,953 6,36; 5221 .949 4,390 4,144 246 Physical sciences. general 985 830 148 297 240 57 29 28 1 Physics, general 5.046 4,708 338 2,174 2,027 147 1,449 1,407 42 Molecular physics 3 3 ...... Ember physics 22 18 4 14 11 3 33 32 1 ChemistrY, general 11237 9,006 2,031 2,197 ' 1,733 464 1,952 1,798 154 Inorganic chemistry 14 10 4 6 4 1 20 21 5 Organic chemistry 9 7 2 26 14 12 58 53 6 Physical chemistry 1 14 8 8 48 41 5 Analytical! chemistry ...... 2 2 11 11 .. Pharmaceutical chemistry 2 31 28 9 68 62 4 Astronomy 102 94 9 100 88 12 76 69 7 Astrophysics 34 33 1 8 6 2 24 23 1 Atmospheric sciences and meteorology 249 245 4 153 149 4 61 81 Geology .. . 2,359 2,097 262 608 544 62 289 279 10 necchernistry 7 8 1 5 5 4 3 1 Geophysics and seismology 48 46 2 40 39 1 31 31 ... Earth sciences, general 667 659 108 282 227 35 25 1 Paleontology 24 3 3 9 7 2 7 6 1 Oceanography 228 222 9 152 140 12 Metallurgy 52 60 2 39 39 . .. 44 43 1 30 30 . Other earth sciences . .. 24 23 1 15 16 .. - 2 Other physical sciences 533 498 35 213 193 20 119 113 Psycholoay 8 37.680 21,029 10,851 4,431 2,783 1,848 1,782 1,356 427 Psychology, general 37,219 20,682 16.537 3.227 2,063 MN 1.443 1,100 343 Experimental psychology 44 44 . . . eo 44 18 Clinical psychology 72 57 16 24 18 8 191 119 72 133 104 29 Psychology for counseling 21 14 7 499 288 213 Social psychology 20 16 4 78 33 46 37 25 12 51 Psychometrics 33 18 ...... 7 2 5 2 Industrial psychology 42 28 14 21 19 2 Developmental psychology 6 4 1 8 .. 8 24 10 14 13 7 8 Physiological psychology 20 14 6 4 4 Other . - 4 2 2 424 198 226 361 211 150 39 Public affairs and services 30 9 9220 4,723 4.497 8,260 4.274 3,986 178 135 43 Community services, general 233 77 156 72 64 8 Public adminiettation 2 426 372 63 1,406 1,255 151 38 33 3 Parks and recreation management 1.821 1,058 583 218 153 65 2 1 1 Social work and helping1111ViCel 4.608 1,139 3.489 8,019 2,415 3.604 126 87 39 Law enforcement end conectIons 2,045 1.856 189 194 174 20 1 International public service 88 83 5 83 54 Other 9 1 200 138 62 288 159 129 10 10 a A .. .. SOURCE: U.S. DenertanInt of Hide% Education. and Wafers, NationalCome for Education Statistics, Sensed Dawn Confirred: 1970-71.

98 5 12 Table 111.Elaelieloel, master's, and doctors degrees confened by institutions of Meter educetion, by sex of student end by field of study: United Roes, 1970-71 Continued

Bachelor's degrees Second-level Insister's) Doctor's degrees Major field of study requiring 4 or 6 years degrees (Ph.D..- Ed.D.. etc.) Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 i Social sciences 155,326 98.145 57.181 16.501 11.798 .703 3.655 3,152 507 Social sciences, general 21,543 11,753 9,790 2,330 1.522 808 50 38 12 Anthropology 4,384 1,952 2,432 766 429 337 241 178 63 Archaeology 72 34 38 29 11 18 8 4 4 Economics 15,758 13,890 1,868 1,996 1.733 262 721 888 63 History 44.663 29.055 16.608 5.157 3 ,470 1.687 991 871 120 Geography 4.155 3,291 884 649 528 121 164 147 17 Political Warne and government 27,482 21,966 6,516 2,318 1,839 479 700 815 85 Sociology 33,283 13.810 19,653 1,808 1.131 677 574 455 119 Criminology 659 508 151 138 116 20 15 12 3 International relations 1,212 850 382 783 860 123 86 58 8 Afro-American (Wank culture) studies 80 47 33 17 13 American Indian cultural studies 2 1 1 1 .. . Mexican-American cultural studies 8 7 1 7 6 Urban studies 371 207 184 236 161 8 5 3 Demography 5 3 2 6 4 2 Other 1,869 971 698 283 175 88 121 101 20 Theology 3,744 2,727 1.017 2.710 2.049 681 312 306 6 rualogiest professions. general 1,891 1,844 247 1,342 1,204 138 249 248 3 Religious music 116 64 62 106 78 30 6 6 .... Biblical hinguages 24 23 1 18 10 Religious education 1,365 722 843 937 551 386 .34 31. 3 Other 348 274 74 307 208 99 23 23 .. .. Interdisciplinary Mau 13,787 9,824 3.943 1,708 1.106 600 91 77 14 General liberal arts and sciences 5,481 3,880 1,681 649 308 243 11 8 3 Biological and physical sciences 3,897 3.193 704 624 407 117 15 14 1 Humanities and social sciences 2,020 1,091 929 336 184 152 21 14 7 Engineering and other disciplines 178 174 4 24 22 2 17 17 . . .. Other 2.211 1.486 725 273 187 88 27 24 3 ... - SOURCE: V.B. Ocipartrnent of Heald% Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, tamed Down Conferred: 1970-71.

99

571-802 0 - 75 8 113 Table 112. Bachelor's, master's. and devisor's degrees conferred by Institutionsof higher education, by sex of student and by field of study: United States. 1971-72

Bachelor's degrees Master's mmmnri4m5yem Doctors degrees degrees (Ph.D.. Ed.D.. etc.) Meier field of study - Total Men Women Total Mm Women Totes Men Women 1 2 .0 4 5 t. 7 8 9 10 All fields 497,300 .883,600 3111,300 250.080 148,100 101990 33.330 28.060 8.270 Agriculture end miturairetoume 13.700 12.900 800 Architecture and en- 2.660 2.480 180 970 950 20 wronmentel design 8,500 5,700 800 Area studies 1.880 1,820 270 so 40 3,000 1,800 1.600 10 1,080 840 410 160 130 Biological sciences 37.200 26.200 90 11,000 6.100 4,090 2.010 3.850 3.030 Business and management 121,800 110.200 11900 820 29.980 28.760 1.200 900 880 20 Communications 12,400 8.000 4,400 Computer and information 2.200 1,440 780 110 go 20 memos 3,400 2.900 600 1,840 Education 1,620 220 170 160 10 190.800 49.400 141,400 Engineering 97.740 41,650 66.090 7040 8.380 1960 50.300 49.800 500 F me end applied arts 16.660 16,370 280 3.660 3.640 20 33,800 13,800 20,200 7.540 4050 3,490 670 430 140 Foreign languages 18,800 4,700 14,100 4.620 1.620 3,000 840 520 Health professions 28.600 6.900 320 Home economics 21,800 7,120 3.080 4.040 440 360 12,000 400 11.600 80 Law 1.670 120 1,650 100 30 70 500 500 (11 Letters 620 580 40 40 40 73.200 29,300 43,900 (3) 12,710 8,380 7,930 2.680 1,890 700 Library science 1.000 100 900 7.380 Mathematics 1,480 5.900 70 40 30 23,700 14,400 9,300 Military sciences 6.190 3,660 1,640 1,130 1,040 TOO 200 90 Physical sciences 20,400 17,300 3,100 Psychology 6.160 5,280 890 4.090 3,820 270 43.000 23.100 19,900 5,290 3,260 2.030 1,880 1,410 470 Public affairs and services 12,500 6.600 5900 9,360 5.000 4,380 210 150 Social sciences 157,600 100.400 57,200 60 Theology 17,430 12.520 4910 4,080 3,480 600 3.900 2,800 1.100 2,760 _Interdisciplinary studies 2.110 WO 440 420 20 15,300 10.300 6,000 2,140 1,300 840 160 130 20 Less than 50. 2 Len then 6. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, NationalCenter for Education Steadies, preliminary date (rounded) from thesurvey of &Med Degree: Oenterred: 1971-72. NOTE. -The subfields included in each of the broad fields shown abovemay be found in the preceding table.

Table 113.Pirstprofessional degrees conferred by Institutions of higher education,by sex of student, control of institution, sod field of study: United States, 1970-71

Control of Institution Fint-inufassionai deems) Control Of institution Fint-professiond degrees' and fluid of study andfieldof study Tote: Man Women Toni Men Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Total, di institutions 37,948 35,544 2,402 Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) 1,098 1,018 82 Law (LL.B. or 1.D I 7.805 7.132 474 Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M D I 3.745 3.703 42 Theology (8.0.. M.Div.. or Rabbi) Medicine MD I 8.919 8,110 800 Other 93 62 31 Optometry (0.D.) 831 518 13 Osteopathy (0.0.) .... 472 461 11 Total, Private* controlled Institutions 21,807 20.433 1.374 Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or pediatric medicine ID P.M.) 240 238 5 Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M 0 I 1,878 1,668 20 Medicine (MD I 3,828 3,429 398 Veterinary medicine (3.V.M.I 1.252 1.154 St) Optometry (0.1).1 349 344 s Law (LL.B. or J.D.) 17.421 18.181 1.240 Osteopathy (0.0) 472 461 11 Theology 18.11. M.Dni.. or Fights') 5,055 4937 118 Podiatry (Pod.O. or D.P.I or pediatric medicine Other 311 i45 68 (D.P.M.) 340 335 5

TotaL pubNoly controlled institution' 16.139 16,111 1,028 %monody medicine (D.V.M.) 154 Lew ILLS. or 1.0.) 9.815 949,0138 78816 Dentistry ID.D.S. or D.M 0) 2.087 2.045 22 Theology (8.0.. M.Disi.. or Rabbi) 5,065 4.937 118 Medicine (M.D.) 5,093 4,682 411 Other 218 183 35 Optometry (0.0.) 182 174 8 Osteopathy (0.0 I Podiatry (Pod.O. or D.P.) Of poi:aerie medicine r (D P.M.) 1 Includes degrees which require at least 8 years of college work for completion (Including at least 2 years of preprofessiond training).

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics. Earned Dawes Conferred: 1970-71. Table 114. Number of firstprofessional degrees conferred in dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex: United States, 1949 50 to 1971 72

Watling (13 U s or tr M 01 Medicine IM.D.1 Law ILLS. or J.0.11

Year Number of Downes conferred Number of Dew ees conferred Nunttrei of Degrees conferred mammon' institutions institutions conferring Total Men Women conferring Total Men Women conferring Tote! Men Women degrees degrees degrees

2 3 4 b 6 1 8 9 10 12 13

1948- 50 . 40 2.619 2.561 18 72 5.812 6.028 5 1950-51. 40 2.803 2.768 36 72 6.014 5.583 45 1951 52 . 41 2.918 2,896 23 72 6.201 5,871 330 1952- 53 . 41 7.935 2,920 15 72 6.8813 8.326 360 1953 54 . 42 3.102 3,083 39 73 8.112 6.377 335

1954 55 . . 42 3 099 3,071 28 72 7.014 6.683 331 128 8,209 7,921 288 1955 66 42 3.009 2.976 34 /3 6.810 6.464 348 131 8,282 7,974 288 1958 57 43 3.038 3.011 27 75 6,744 6.397 347 127 8.794 8.525 289 1957 58 . 43 3,085 3.031 34 75 6,818 8.469 347 131 9,394 9,122 272 1958- 59 43 3.1511 3,138 14 78 6,825 6,457 368 132 9.868 9,599 257

195 130 .. 45 3,247 3.221 28 79 7,032 8,849 387 134 9,240 9,010 230 1960 61 48 3,265 3,247 18 79 6,940 330 134 9,429 9,182 247 19131 -82 . 48 3,183 3.168 17 81 7,138 8.749 389 134 9,384 9,091 273 1982-83 ... 46 3,189 3,145 24 81 7,231 8.831 400 134 9.884 9.582 302 19133- 84 . . 48 3,1130 3,168 12 82 7.303 8.878 426 133 10.679 10,372 307

1984 85 45 3,107 3,085 22 81 7.304 8.832 472 134 11,583 11,216 387 1985 66 . 4/ 3,178 3,146 32 84 7,873 7.170 603 138 13,248 12,778 470 1988-67 . 47 3,341 3,312 29 83 7,723 7,159 884 134 14,683 14,112 551 1987 88 . 48 3,422 3,375 47 as 7,944 7,318 828 138 16.454 16.805 649 1988- 69 .. 48 3,408 3,376 32 84 8,025 7,415 810 140 17,053 16,373 880

1989- 70 . 48 3,718 3.684 34 88 8,314 7,615 899 146 14,816 14,115 801 1970-71 48 3,746 3,703 42 89 8.919 8,110 809 147 17,421 18,181 1,240 1971-723 49 3,860 3,820 40 90 9.260 8,420 830 150 21,760 20.280 1,500

Data Poor to 1954-55 are not shown because hey lack comparability with the SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center I igures for s Assquent years. for Education Statistics,tamed Degrees tautened;and unpublished data. 2 Preliminary data.

Table 115. Earned degrees conferred by 'malodors' of higher Table 116. Engineering degrees conferred by institutions education United States, 1889-70 to 1972-73 of hipper education, by level of degree: United States and outlying areas, 1948 -49 to 1971-72 Earned degrees conferred Bachelor's Year Bachelor's Master's Alf and first Year Alldinnees end first. except I mist- Doctor's INEIhmednil engineering Master's Doctor's professional professional! degrees degrees dames' degrees

2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

1889-70 . 9,372 9.371 0 1948-49 50.415 45,200 4.'98 417 1879-80 13.829 12.898 879 se 1949-50 58,130 62.732 4.904 494 1889-90 18.703 15,839 1.016 149 1950-61 47,636 41,893 5,156 588 1899-1900 39.375 27,410 1,583 382 1951 -62 35,013 30,288 4,141 586 1909- 10 39,755 37.199 2,113 443 1952-53 28.499 24,184 3,743 592

1919-20 53,518 48.622 4.279 615 1953-54 27.003 22.236 4,177 590 1929-30 139.752 122.484 14,988 2.299 1954-55 27,872 22,589 4,484 599 1939-40 ...... 218,621 188.500 28,731 3.290 195558 31.840 28,306 4,724 610 1941-42 ...... 213,491 185,348 24,848 3.497 1958-57 37,039 31,211 5,232 598 1943- 44 141,682 125.863 13,414 2,305 1957-58 41.787 35,332 5 788 847

1945- 48 157,349 138,174 19,209 1,868 1958- 59 45.801 38,134 8,753 714 1947 -48 317,807 271.019 42.400 4,188 1959-130 45,753 37,808 7.159 788 1949.50 . 498,881 432,05d 58.183 6,420 19130-61 44,980 35.860 8,177 943 1951-62 401,203 329,9813 63.534 7.683 1981- 82 44,851 34,735 8.909 1,207 1963-54 .. 358.808 290,825 58.788 8,995 1982-83 44,471 33,458 9.635 1,378

1955-58 378,973 303.812 10,258 a,903 1983-84 47,746 35,228 10.827 1,693 1967 - -68 . 438,979 382.554 65,487 8,938 1984-85 50.871 38,891 12,058 2.124 1959-80 . ... 470 704 392.440 74,438 9.829 1965-613 51,795 36,816 13,877 2,303 1981 -62.- 514,323 417,848 84,803 11,822 1968-67 52.887 38,188 13,885 2.814 1983-61 ...... 1314,194 499.1354 101.050 14,490 1987-69 55,734 37,814 15,188 2,932

1986-88 709,837 581.040 140,555 18,237 1988-69 60,173 41,563 15.243 3.377 1987-88 888.548 666,710 176,749 23,089 1989-70 64,050 44,772 15,597 3,881 ;989-70 1.016.391 827.234 208,291 29.868 1970-71 70.452 50.357 1970-71 . 18,457 3.838 1.140,292 877,678 2.10,50) 32.107 1971-722 71,000 50.600 18.700 3,700 1971- 722 1210,280 928.870 250.080 33.330 1972-733 1,295.100 1,004,700 256 300 34 100 Also includes other postgraduate predoctoral degrees. 2 Preliminary data. Beginning in 1965-60 includes all mater'sdegrees. 2 ProliMirrin date. SOURCES. U.S. Department of Health, Education. and Welfare, National Canter I Estimated. forEducationStatistics,Engineering Degrees. 1965 -66: tamedDegrees alifferfed. end unpublished date. NOTE. -8efpnamg in 1959-60, includes Alaska and He

SOURCES U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education ðnics,Biennial Surrey of Edasation in Me United States: Earned Degrees Confeweel:and unpublished date

101 115 Table 117.-0ot:ton degrees, confined by 80 51155 inititutions of higher education:1001-82 to 1970-71

Rank Tule!. Institution ado 3 1961-62 to 1970-711961-631962-631983-041964-651965-681968-671987-6819613-691969-701970-71

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Columbia University (N.Y 1.. 1 6,804 649 517 602 616 631 750 796 823 816 705 University of California at Berkeley 2 8.352 430 418 492 585 645 722 675 803 823 749 Unnermy of Wisconsin.. 3 8.308 435 428 458 531 645 627 720 749 900 915 University of Illinois 4 6.076 444 450 495 493 645 689 660 721 903 870 Harvard University (M0380 6 5,107 379 446 483 471 491 516 568 554 NB 612

University of Michigan . 8 5.094 364 379 403 384 439 476 648 627 686 809 Ohio Sten University .... 7 4,413 282 329 341 397 362 425 457 642 822 676 Michigan State Univeisity . 8 4,279 210 223 303 368 365 423 461 530 875 731 Stanford Univenity (Calif.) .. .. 9 4,226 261 278 301 382 403 498 481 527 605 562 New York University. .... 10 4,217 299 349 382 345 365 438 439 607 519 574

University of Mammon 11 4,208 276 314 318 366 396 408 489 484 546 613 Indiana University 12 4.110 234 268 322 342 393 384 448 547 581 623 Purdue University tInd.) 13 3,839 258 290 302 322 345 361 403 484 676 498 Urnversity of California at Los Angeles 14 3,816 202 224 269 306 311 398 442 481 615 570 Cornell University (N.Y.) 15 3,572 261 212 269 312 318 358 406 431 494 531 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 16 3.489 224 270 308 335 360 398 351 414 439 400 University of Teen 17 3,319 198 219 243 249 336 359 381 448 418 488 University of Chicago 1111.1. 18 3.177 228 280 273 290 306 293 328 384 381 434 Yoe Urnwerty (Mani 19 2.860 224 231 283 395 6285 6285 278 316 348 346 Pennsylvania State University 20 2.743 167 202 201 232 258 268 278 344 379 436 University of Southern California 21 2,702 142 169 176 305 241 281 341 322 393 493 Northwestern University 1111.1 . 22 2.698 166 198 198 236 241 279 298 320 360 404 University of Pennsylvania .... 23 2.693 154 184 212 246 251 262 265 368 373 378 University of Washington 24 2.625 142 161 182 228 262 286 290 332 342 432 University of Iowa 25 2.610 173 205 223 224 225 282 278 292 319 380 Iowa State University of Science and Technology a 2,343 165 174 201 216 2013 248 253 271 296 311 University of Miuoun5 27 2,115 93 100 122 184 190 219 217 267 362 381 University of Maryland 28 2,108 Ice 110 118 177 166 205 241 285 350 339 Princeton University (N.J.) ... . 29 2.073 167 172 192 171 222 216 229 212 238 265 Case Western Reserve University 1010o)6 30 2,026 102 148 148 180 145 177 235 271 295 327

University of Floe& 31 2,018 121 99 129 159 185 216 244 TM 208 303 Univenity of Pittsburgh (Psi 32 1,900 139 137 135 168 169 181 186 181 315 326 University of North Corinna ex CUMMINS 33 1,820 114 117 138 162 164 165 213 239 241 278 Rutgers, The State University IN..L1 74 1.777 91 111 147 172 no 191 198 229 245 233 Florida State Univertity 35 1,734 so 84 81 126 131 182 207 233 288 314

University of Colorado 38 1,701 91 108 123 148 189 163 193 193 261 252 University of Oregon 37 1.659 66 70 93 124 152 172 203 348 273 280 University of Kansas 38 1661 78 92 07 128 139 160 as 233 268 280 Syracuse University (N.Y.) 39 1.621 80 00 1172 132 531 152 193 194 290 267 Jobe Napkins University Mt/ 40 1,615 113 103 119 136 141 148 219 201 223 212

University of °Mahone 41 1,5135 es 91 107 122 155 176 172 fl 245 224 Duke University (N.C.) 42 1,559 92 los 116 141 159 158 WI 164 223 220 Boston University (Mess.) 43 1.498 la 116 TIM 118 111 123 as 208 216 214 Catholic University of Americo (O.0 ) 44 1,063 110 118 107 129 130 133 143 182 191 MO OliNhorns State University 45 1433 se 63 94 120 144 on fa ta 218 MB University of Nebraska 48 1.410 69 91 101 99 536 171 ISO 165 213 222 University of Utsh 47 1,407 67 81 81 92 114 151 142 193 248 239 University of Tennis's ... 48 1.400 60 77 77 91 98 103 175 197 236 ' 2138 Louisiana State University 49 1,306 75 104 89 95 117 148 181 178 199 221 University of Rochester 10.'1.1. 50 1,384 82 90 88 104 110 144 154 184 215 203

Wayne State University (Midi.) . 51 1.360 09 69 so 111 124 143 548 1617 190 208 TOMB A. ts M. University 62 1,283 so 45 73 96 130 138 1E0 177 318 215 SUN University of New York at Buffalo 53 MN 33 37 155 72 100 114 134 218 348 249 University of Anions 54 1.249 40 44 63 99 115 154 139 137 214 245 Oregon Sate University 56 1.192 03 66 82 99 119 93 145 159 156 207

University of Virginia 58 1.152 62 se 73 $4 90 119 129 155 178 226 Unitienity of Northern Colorado 67 1.144 78 71 81 78 101 100 191 137 147 160 University of Georgia se 1,124 23 41 61 56 92 135 118 as 197 250 North Caroline State University at Raleigh 59 1,074 40 54 54 96 96 123 102 143 163 205 California Institute of Technnopy 60 1.069 84 90 401 98 104 110 110 125 120 117

I Indio*, Ph.D.. Ed.0., and comparable degrees at the doctoral lova Excludes 5 Includes degrees conferred by the University of Kansas City, WW1 become fintrofessionsl degrees, such it M.O.. 0.13.8., and O.V.M. branch of the University of Missouri In 1963-64. 2 Institutions ranked by total number of doctor's degrees conferred during the Indudes degrees conferred by Case Institute of Technology and Western 10year period 1961-62 to 1970-71. Reserve University prior to their merger in 1906 -67. 3 Includes degrees conferred by Radcliffe College. a Estimated by the Office of Education. SOURCE. U.S.Department of Health, Education, end Welton. Office of Education. 8411101 Dyne! C011fOred

102 11-6 Table 118. -Statistical profile of parsons receiving doctor's degrees,' by field of study: United Metes, 1972 -73

Reid of study ON. Item All Arts and Education Engineer. Life Mahe. Plweicel Profession. Social f 'olds humanities Mg oilman maim sciences at fields scenes

1 2 3 4 S 8 7 8 9 10

Doctor's degrees confined 333.737 5.3P4 7248 3.3311 8.068 1222 4.016 1,481 5.911 yr Sex laments): Men 82.0 71.2 75.4 98.7 82.8 90.3 93.8 88.3 79.0 Women 18.0 28.8 24.6 1.3 17.2 9.7 6.4 13.7 21.0 Retie liahnis group Isercenta :3 White, Caucasian 81.7 87.3 84.9 69.5 182 141 4781 86.6 84.8 Oriented flA 1.9 1.8 17.4 9.1 14) 41, 3.0 4.0 Black. Negro, Afro American 2.7 1.7 6.7 1.0 2.4 141 41.0 2.1 1.8 SpennitAntencen, Mexicen.American. Chicano .8 1.1 .7 .5 12 14/ .4 Other .7 .7 .9 1.0 .8 141 4.6 .2 No usable response 7.7 7.3 5.3 10.7 8.3 483 7.8 8.1 Citizenship Isercenta: United States 82.6 88.7 92.9 83.7 78.1 77.3 77.0 81.9 85.1 Foreign 15.3 8.9 5.4 34.9 r.I 20.8 21.3 14.5 13A Unknown 2.1 2.4 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.8 2A Manta status !percents): Married 73.5 68.2 77.5 78.3 74.7 69.8 70.8 77.4 73A Not married 23.1 28.1 19.6 21.1 21.9 26.8 28A 18.2 24.0 Unknown 3.4 3.7 2.8 2.6 3.4 3.4 32 4.4 3.0 Median age at doctorate Iran) 31.3 32.0 36.5 30.4 30.1 29.1 29.1 332 30.5 Median time lapse from bachelor's degree to doctorate lyears) 8.4 9.2 12.5 7.7 7.2 8.8 6.7 10.0 7.7 Percent with bachelor's degree In sense field as doctorate 59.0 63.8 44.2 83.1 42.9 75.2 79.7 39.5 60.0 Postdoctoral study 'percents): Fellowship 7.5 1.9 5.7 22.4 4.3 18.4 .7 4.1 Research antwiewship 6.0 .7 .5 7.1 11.8 3.4 23.8 2.0 Treineethip .6 .2 .3 .3 1.1 .3 .5 .3 .7 Other IA 1.9 1.0 3.7 1.4 1.8 .5 12 Postdoctoral employment Ipacents): advances! Institution 53.7 77.8 74.9 22.8 32.5 65.2 19.7 69.1 59.3 Industry. butanes 9.0 1.7 1.7 39.7 7.4 9.2 16.1 5.8 4.4 Government 8.3 1.8 8.4 12.8 9.5 8.1 8.9 6.7 11.5 Nonprofit orgenitation 3.3 1.8 3.6 2.5 2.5 .9 1.0 7.5 8.2 Other and unknown 3.9 4.2 4.3 aa 3.4 3.0 3.3 2.3 4.8 Postdoctoral status unknown 8.1 8.1 4.7 4.4 5.7 6.1 6.9 63 5.9 Pr14419f postdoctoral work activity Imircants): Reminds and development 21.4 3.1 8.8 81.3 39.9 27.8 60.9 8.5 17.2 Tessrating 51.4 83.6 45.7 20.2 38.7 61.9 32.1 66.0 54.3 Administration 10.2 2.5 29.3 2.9 3.5 .9 2.7 8.8 48 Prefestional services 8.4 1.7 10.7 6.0 8.9 2.7 3.7 9.3 168 Other 1.6 1.0 2.3 2.8 .7 2.1 1.3 1.3 Unknown .1 7.5 8.7 72 8.2 8.0 &6 6.1 6.2

I Includes Ph.D.. Ed.O.. end cornmeal' degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes differences ars that history is included under arts and sciences rather than social firetorolessional degrees, such as M.D., D.O.S. . and D.V.M. lames. and Pnichology is included under social 'alums. Because of rounding. 3 Includes 99 digress in other or unaseelfnd fields not shown separately. percents may not add to 100.0. 3 Bawd upon responses from 81 percent of the graduates. 4 Mothernstics is included under physical sciences. SOURCE: National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council. Somme* Report 1973 Doctorate Recipients from flatted States Untversines. NOTE.-The above classification of degrees by field differs somewhat from that 14 most publications of the National Center for Education Statistics. The major

IV? Tense 119. -Male Whale graduate* in the population, by10y..... field of West degree: United States, March 1907 Field of Mohan degree Number OnPercent Field of highest degree Number fin Percent thOusends) thousands/

1 2 3 1 2 3

Total %WO 100.0 Humanities 379 8.0 English and journalism 174 2.7 Biological sciences 285 4.6 Speech and drama 31 0.5 Agriculture 138 2.1 Foreign languages and literature' .. 53 0.8 koology 18 0.2 Philosophy 47 0.7 Forestry 16 0.3 All other fine and applied arts! .. . 74 12 All other biological sciences' .. . 117 1.8 Law 406 8.4

Business and commerce 1.171 18.4 Physical sciences 533 8.4 Accounting 238 3.7 Mathematical subjects 124 2.0 All other business and commerce' 935 14.7 Chemistry 223 3.5 Physics 93 1.5 Education 976 16.4 Geology 38 0.6 Elementary education 24 0.4 All other physical sciences! 66 0.9 Educational administration 76 1.2 Industrial arts (educational) 37 0.6 Religion 142 2.2 Physical education 58 0.9 Theology 110 1.7 All other educationl 781 12.3 All other religion! 32 0.6

Engineering 1.000 15.7 Social sciences 678 10.7 Civil engineering 111 1.7 Psychology 95 1.6 Electrical engineering 173 2.7 Economics 174 2./ Mechanical engineering 188 3.0 History 158 2.6 All other engineering' 628 8.3 Political science 61 1.0 Sociology 55 0.9 Health professions 477 7.5 All other social sciences! 138 2.1 Dentistry (D.D.S. and D.M.D.) .. . 93 1.5 Medicine 151.D.) 235 3.7 Other fields 178 2.8 Pharmacy 80 1.3 Architecture 64 0.8 All other health professions! 69 1.1 All other .. 124 2.0

Not reposed 128 2.0

1 Includes not specified.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of theCensus. Current Population Reports, Series P -20 , No. 201.

Table 120 - Associate degrees contorted by institutions of higher educed:3m by sex of student end by type of degree: United Stetes.1995-99 to 1970-71

Sex of student end type of degree 1985-88 1968-87 1867-438 1988-89 1869-70 1970 -71

1 2 3 4 6 8 7

All associate digress 111607 138.183 169,441 183979 206.523 252,610 A Men 63.779 78,356 90.317 105,881 117A32 144.395 Women 47.828 60.827 89.124 77.618 88,581 108.215 I 4IP. II Associate In arts 72,034 88.785 101.289 113.709 ' 127.903 (1) i.- - Men 39.132 47.984 541472 62.452 70.113 (1) Women 32,902 40,801 48,797 51,257 57,790 (1) b I Associate in science 18,928 25,801 31.148 36.454 40.743 (3)

Men 11,472 15,434 19,252 22922 24.748 11/ Women 7,456 10.387 11,894 13,412 15,995 (1) st.. All other associate degrees 20,1345 24,E97 27.028 33,116 37.377 II)

Men 13,175 14,938 18,693 20.287 22671 111 Women 7.470 9.659 10,433 12,829 14,806 11)

Data not available. work that Is wholly or chiefly creditable toward a bachelor's degree. NOTE.-Associate degrees are based on at least 2 but less than 4 yews of work beyond high school. Except for theSOURCE:U.S. Depertnient of Health, Education, and years 1985-66 and 1970-71. respondents have been askedWelfare, Nation! Center for EducationStatistics, Associate to report only degrees which are based on at least 2 yews ofDegreesandOtherFormal Awn* Belowthe Baccalaureate.

104 TOM 121. Foisted swamis band on organised occupational 011171011111418 at the technical or anderotossional level in institutions of higher ideas*" by length and typo of 09,1601111mind by sat of recipient: United States and outlying moo 197641

Awards based on maniac, ocoupetionsl currIculurra of Curriculum All awards At least 2 years At least 1 year but less than 4 years bit less than 2 yews

Total Men Women Total Men Women ital Men Women

2 3 4 6 6 7 IC

All curriculums 153,549 83,380 70,189 124,093 71,527 52,888 23,488 11.053 17.603

Science and angineenrigneNted curriculums . 87,728 50,882 38,8413 68,213 42.123 25.090 19.615 8.759 10,758

Mechanical and engineering technologies . ... 37,437 38,915 sn 30.172 48,781 411 7.285 7.154 111

Mechanical engineering, general 2,580 2,5313 22 2.383 2,342 21 197 196 1 Aeronautical and aviation 2.173 2.154 19 1951 1937 14 222 217 Engineering graphics 2,917 2,857 60 2,355 2.313 42 562 544 18 Architectural drafting 1938 1,1385 53 1,891 1,849 42 247 238 11 Chemical 589 485 104 547 478 71 42 9 33 Automotive 4,041 4,037 4 2,820 2,816 4 1,221 11221 Diesel 721 712 9 559 650 9 182 182 Welding 1.097 1,090 7 475 478 822 815 7 Civil 1,837 1,1325 12 1,577 1.5135 12 60 60 Electronics and machine 7,851 7,828 25 7,001 13.979 22 850 847 3 Electromechanical 1,301 1,297 4 1,279 1.278 3 22 21 1 Industrial 1,657 1,837 20 1,28) 1,252 15 390 385 5 Textile 156 48 107 148 42 108 7 6 Instrumantedon 203 201 2 157 165 2 48 46 Mechanical 2,749 2,732 17 2.347 2.337 10 402 396 7 Nuclear 86 se 9 83 55 8 2 1 1 Construction and building 4229 4,215 14 2,551 2.541 10 1,878 1,874 4 All other mechanical engineering technologies 1,854 1,520 34 11121 1.001 20 633 519 14

Neturelicience technologies 7.028 6.428 1.002 8,107 4.751 1,356 921 675 248

Natural science. general 483 173 472 305 187 184 178 Agriculture 2,870 2,608 282 2.734 2,487 241 138 121 15 Forestry and wildlife 1287 1279 8 867 949 8 130 130 Food services 693 482 231 455 343 112 238 119 119 Horns economics 872 75 797 781 81 700 111 14 97 Marine and oceanographic 183 168 15 175 188 15 8 8 Laboratory. general 144 84 60 144 84 60 Sanitation and public health impaction ... 145 130 15 80 74 6 135 58 9 All other natural science technologies 378 337 41 329 288 41 49 49

Health services and paramedical technologies 34,818 2,911 31.807 24.370 2.455 21,915 10.148 458 9,892 *- Health services assistant, general 268 28 230 48 9 37 212 19 193 Dental assistant 2,191 63 2.138 885 32 853 1,508 21 1,485 Dental hygiene 2.506 17 2,489 2.481 16 2.445 46 1 44 Dental laboratory 284 171 93 227 153 74 37 18 19 Medical or biological laboratory essIstent 1.335 305 1,030 1,018 281 735 319 24 29 :i Animal laboratory assistant 55 32 23 65 32 23 Rediologic 1,139 357 782 1272 333 739 87 24 43 Nursing. R.N. 14408 809 13.799 14,405 808 13.797 3 1 2 Nursing, practical 7,708 212 7,498 1.218 41 1.177 8.490 171 8.319 Occupational therapy 243 28 217 185 23 182 58 3 55 Surgical 244 40 204 70 28 44 174 14 160 Optical 81 73 8 81 73 8 Medical record 374 15 359 338 15 423 38 36 Medical assistant and medical office assistant 1,268 80 1.178 552 61 491 704 19 885 Inhalation therapy 570 300 270 540 280 250 30 10 20 Psychiatric 834 205 429 555 172 383 79 33 48 Elect,* diagnostic 22 17 14 4 10 8 1 7 Institutional management 176 es 91 ss 40 IS 121 46 78 Physical therapy 239 43 196 228 42 188 11 1 10 All other health services and paramediad technologies 815 255 580 587 204 383 248 51 197

Datprocassing technologies 8,745 5230 3.115 7,5134 5.158 2.408 1.181 474 707

Data processing, general 5,027 3.302 1.725 4.898 3.087 1911 329 216 114 Key Minch operator and other input preparation 648 81 507 184 24 140 484 57 427 Computer programmer 2,149 1,554 598 1985 1,415 560 184 139 45 Computer operator and peripheral equipment operation 387 188 199 210 130 80 177 se 119 Data processing equipment maintenance 431 428 2 431 429 2 All other date processing technologies 103 78 27 96 71 25 7 2

105

119 Table 121. - format awards based on organised ocoullationti nurtieulenn at the technicalor tolniProfersional level In institutions of higher education, by length and type of curriculum end by sex of recipient: United States and outlying areas, 1970-71 - Continued

Awards based on organized occupatio.ial curriculums of- Curriculum Allawards A least 2 yews At least 1 year but less than 4 years but less than 2 years

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Norman ice- and nonengineennwrelated curriculums 65,821 132,498 33,323 55,880 29.404 28.478 9.941 3,094 8,847

Business and commerce technologies 51,047 23,457 27.580 43,671 22,087 21,604 7,488 1,390 6,078

Business end commrce. general 11,008 7,991 3,017 10,395 7,781 2.815 812 210 402 Accounting 5.301 3.581 1.710 4,829 3.414 1,415 472 177 295 Banking and finance 272 218 58 252 207 45 20 9 11 Marketing, distribution, Purchasing, business, and industrial

management 9.237 6,888 2,571 8.649 6,217 2.432 588 449 . 139 Secretarial 1%534 279 18,255 12,190 238 11,952 4,344 41 4,303 Personal service 1,262 78 1,184 498 22 478 784 55 708 Photography 577 518 61 529 488 41 48 28 20 Communications and broadcasting 728 527 201 723 522 201 S 5 Printing and InhowaphY 512 487 25 431 420 11 81 67 14 Hotel and restaurant management 918 894 222 847 844 203 89 50 19 Transportation and public utility ..... 324 238 es 282 203 69 82 35 27 Applied ans, groin arts, and fine ans 2.998 1,355 1,843 2,924 1,312 1,812 74 43 31 All other businei and commerce technologies 1,388 819 549 1,041 599 442 327 220 107

All other normalising- and nonengineering. rotated curriculums 14,784 9,041 5,743 12,309 7.337 4,972 2,475 1,704 771

Public service related, general 277 102 176 212 92 120 es 10 55

Bible study or religion related 744 340 404 604 306 299 140 35 106 Education 3.856 689 3,287 3,3131 508 2,843 505 81 424 Library assistant 471 31 440 378 30 348 95 1 94 Police, law enforcement, corrections 8.873 8.453 420 5,502 5,088 404 1,371 1,356 18 Recreation and social work related 1,148 526 620 1,121 506 818 25 21 4 Fire control 735 718 19 581 571 10 154 145 Public administration and management 111 98 15 84 74 10 27 22 5 Other 571 188 383 478 154 324 93 34 59 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education. and Welfare. Office of Education,Associate Degrees and Other FormalA wants Below theBaccalaureate. I970-71.

106 1.20 Table tn.-Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by source of revenue: United States, 1971 -72 AmountsInthousands of dollars!

Currant.fund revenue, by control of Institution

Source Public and private Public Private

Amount Amount Percent Amount Percent

1 2 3 4 5 7

TotalelliteRt4tInd leVentin 100.0 17 79 784A2 $26 134 259 1002 100.0a Educational and general revenue 20200,269 77.0 13612.699 6,5137270 72.0

Tuition anu fees from students 8.894.095 21.3 2,332.535 13,7 3.261.560 35.6

Federal Government 3,098,891 11.8 2.017.493 11.8 1.0E11.197 11.8

Unrestricted appropriations swam 2.5 542,562 3.2 119,638 12 For sponsored research 1.589.437 6.0 877,084 5.1 892,363 7.6 For othersponsoredprograms 887.284 3.3 597,847 3.8 269.408 2.9

Stets governments 7,120.982 27.1 6.969.897 402 151,085 1.7

Unrestricted appropriations 6,612.888 28.3 8.786.114 39.7 125,974 lA For sponsored research 75,155 .3 64,428 .4 10,727 .1 For other sponsored programs 133.739 .5 119,355 .7 14.384

Local governments 991,034 3.8 944.771 8.5 48,284 .5 Unrestricted argroprlatIons 904,423 3A 901,941 5.3 2,482 Ill For sponsored research 7,013 Its 3,254 Itl 3.759 Ill For other sponsored programs 79,598 .3 39.578 .2 40.023 .4 r Endowment earnings 480,805 1.8 85.234 .3 425,572 4.6

P. iota gibe and grants 1,208,070 4.8 322.806 1.9 885,466 9.7

Unrestricted gifts 765.224 2.9 90.927 .5 674,297 7A Philanthropic. research 112,789 .4 32,884 .2 79.926 .9 Other grants, research 161,130 .6 11.3.127 50.002 .6 Philanthropic, other programs 48,466 .2 16,309 32.158 A Other grants,other programs 120,481 .6 79,378 .6 41,083 .4

Recovery of indirect costs 413,427 1.8 209,464 12 203.974 22

For sponsored research 340,875 1.3 168,007 1.0 174,689 12 For other sponsored Programs 72.750 .3 43,446 .3 29304 .3 fr Other aducadenal and general revenue 1392,953 4.9 760,709 4.5 532,254 52 A Auxiliary enterprise revenue 3208,957 12.8 2,018,655 11.8 1390303 14.1

Student-aid gents 784590 2.9 416277 2.4 349314 3.8

Federal Government 382,058 1.5 139.584 1.4 143,512 State governments 118,288 .4 83,909 .5 32,357 A Local governments 3,585 Ill 2,892 Ill 694 Ill Private gifts and grants 148.012 69,938 A 78.070 .9 Endowment earning 80,142 .3 11.170 .1 68,97a .0 Other studentid grants 34,518 .1 8.916 .1 25,602 .3

Major service programs 1,950,442 7.5 1,033,140 6.0 927302 10.1

Federal funds for hospitals 28,434 .1 9.790 1 16.044 2 Other hospital revenue 980,431 3.7 608,854 3.8 371,777 4.1 Other major service program revenue: 953,5n 3.8 414.696 2A 538,882 5.8

.1. Lett then0.05 percent. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Canter Revenue for federally funded research and development centers were reported for Education Statistics, Financial Stailaties of Insittutiont of Higher Education. In this item. 1971-7z

NOTE. -Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

11'721 Tab's 123.-Cuttenfund menu of institution of highat education ftatn Suns and load g94071119.967 Waled to total 497renttundsovenue, by gonad of Itedtudan and by Stater 1971-72

Publicly controlled Privately controlled Institutions' instilutIonS State Amount (in Percent of Amount Use Percent 01 thousands total thousands total of dollars) currentfund of Mere currentfund revenue revenue ...1041 111, 2 3 4

Urribiel Stales 788.001A69 48.8 SWAN 2.5

Alabama 98.156 36.7 1.139 2.2 Alaska 21.745 00.4 401 6.1 Arleen* 115,388 48.6 250 2.8 Arkansas 54.381 42.7 California 1.204.159 53.3 4,392

Colorado 111,877 35.0 587 I. Connecticut 100.273 59.2 3.474 1.4 Delaware 21,801 38.8 District of Columbia ... 27.848 64.3 478 .2 Florida 234.162 50.1 3,872 2.1

Georgia 138.489 47.3 805 Hawaii 48.030 42.0 .. Idaho 32.485 52.8 Illinois 473.792 66.8 18.011 2.4 Indians 198.115 39.8 2.351 1.4 !ewe 114,886 39.8 218 .2 Kansas 101.932 43.2 10 I7) Kentucky 126.817 80.0 so .a Louisiana 121,817 63.7 425 .5 Maine 29.308 46.8 .1

Maryland 138.730 44.8 4,074 1.6 Massachusetts 140.884 60.7 3,952 .4 Michigan 392.036 41.8 791 .6 Minnesota 152,745 39.7 815 .8 Mississippi 80.787 42.1

Missouri 181.585 51.1 877 .3 Montana 31.243 44.0 22 .4 Netwaske 58.411 39.3 166 .4 Nevada 19.203 51.8 New Hampshire 16,340 31.0 .0.

New Jersey 196.970 87.2 4,901 2.3 New Mexico 45,842 37.1 89 1.0 New York 837,398 69.0 125,304 7.6 North Caroline 198,486 44.9 1.124 .4 North Dakota 25,973 35.3 .1

Ohio 281.733 33.3 6.539 1.7 Oklahoma 74,111 31.7 108 .3 Oregon 97,720 38.9 822 1.4 Pennsylvania 300 .428 41.1 36.778 5.1 Rhode Island 29.894 47.1 282 .3

$outh Caroline 78.434 43.7 107 .2 South Dakota 20.087 27.8 41 .2 Tennessee 117.099 45.4 527 .3 Texas 422,827 80.1 4.304 1.8 Utah 53.033 32.8 305 .4

Vermont 13,925 27.6 178 .4 Virginia 138,280 37.4 17) Washington 185.393 49.4 182 .3 West Virginia 62.478 84.7 162 Wisconsin 282,815 3.082 2.9 Wyoming 20.341 al 1 .a

Excludes U.S. service Schools. 2 Lass than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.-Secause of rounding, details may not odd to totals.

SOURCE: U.S Department of Hoalth. Education. and Welfare, National Conies for Education Statistics. Financial Stailases of Hither Education. 1971- 72. Table 124. -Ctorentfund revenue of Institutions of higher Edmiston, by cannot of Institution and by State: 1970 -71 and 1971 -72 (Amounts in thousands of dollars)

1970 71 1971-72 f ercent change. State 1970-71 to 1971-72 Or tither area Total Public Privets Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 2 3 is 5 6 7 8 9 .0

United States 6113.814.188 815.538285 68253.303 876.234.289 817.079.870 89,154259 10 10 10

Alabama 281.828 233,414 48.414 327.131 274.906 52.228 16 18 8 Alaska 39.668 38.623 3.043 49.736 43,170 6,586 25 18 118 Arizona 213.310 205.145 8.185 245.004 237.164 8,840 15 16 8 Arkansas 133.406 112.710 20.696 150,289 1 3 r 280 22.979 13 13 11 California 2.918.610 2143,414 773.196 3,122,549 2,258.108 864240 7 5 12

Colorado 334,101 285.028 49,073 371.173. 318.877 52,296 11 12 7 Connecticut . 379,549 183.380 228,188 408 794 169,414 239.379 8 10 8 Delaware 59.540 52.001 7.539 64.192 56,541 7.661 8 9 1 Nstrict of Columbia 302,882 29.797 273.086 353.174 43.312 309.862 17 45 13 Florida 591.200 435.277 155.923 834,877 487.713 167.164 7 7 7

Georgia 398,888 269.992 128.894 431.969 293,019 138.950 8 9 8 Hawaii 111.593 104,673 7,020 121,964 114.326 7,837 9 9 9 Idaho 69.678 56.809 12.719 75.258 61.515 13.740 8 8 8 Illinois 1.418293 806,022 612.570 1,576775 838.868 736.109 11 4 21 Indiana 811,319 448,450 163,869 688,558 498.340 168.217 9 11 3

Iowa 368.991 284278 104.513 398,308 289.116 109,192 8 a 4 Kansas 259.213 224,409 34,804 271,804 235.812 35,793 5 5 3 Kentucky 279.372 227.330 82.042 307,274 253.108 54.168 10 11 4 Louisiana 303.880 229.104 74.676 304,488 228,423 78.088 II ) .1 5 Maine 89,012 56.895 32.117 99,827 64.010 35,818 12 13 12

Maryland 470,609 273,883 198,647 530,914 309.615 221.398 13 13 13 Massachusetts 1.088.537 200,921 887,817 1.184,307 232.027 952.280 9 15 7 Michigan 996.152 889.714 128.438 1,073,381 938.848 134,632 8 8 8 Minnesota 452,360 358,898 8.481 488.891 384.976 10(`.918 7 7 8 Mississippi 193.799 172.394 21.408 214,887 191.897 reses 11 II e missoun . 482.345 285.597 198.749 530.815 316.293 214.322 10 11 9 Montana 73,014 67,289 6,724 78.714 70,988 5.728 5 5 Is) Nebraska 173.465 129.748 44.717 188,604 143,480 43.044 8 II 4 Nevada 33,471 31 417 89 37,126 37,041 85 11 11 44 New Hang:whim 110.218 4321 61.695 120.375 52,722 67.1353 9 9 10

Na vo Jersey 500.082 293.662 208.501 860.401 344,509 215.892 12 17 6 Neal Mexico 120.934 114,358 8.576 132.317 123.531 8,788 9 8 34 NOW York 2230,675 1296,506 1234.169 2,871.411 1.214,068 1,687,358 9 11 8 North Carolina 810,860 389.110 221,780 006,559 437.707 265,852 14 12 17 North Dakota 72.479 68.702 3,777 77290 73.521 4,070 7 7 8

Ohio 1,017,835 711.778 306,087 1.118.609 788.47 330,470 10 10 6 Oklahoma 244.749 209275 35,474 272.956 233.975 38,981 12 12 10 Oregon 272.682 232.148 40,834 295,058 251,397 43,668 8 8 8 Pennsylvania 1286235 618,994 667,941 1,458209 730285 725225 13 18 9 Rhode Island 129.485 81.247 88.207 140.138 83,481 78,857 8 0 12

South Caroline 209.137 152.250 56.886 235.649 175,098 80,454 13 15 6 South Dakota 81.930 613.837 15,293 89,519 72.743 16.772 9 9 10 Tennessee 393.841 222,588 171.264 480,424 258,000 202,424 17 1E1 10 Texas 983245 736,970 226.875 1,087.793 843289 243204 13 15 7 Utah 218.471 149.147 69,324 230,443 161,872 68.771 5 e .1

Vermont 84.429 46.114 38,316 95.488 80.528 44,940 13 10 17 Virginia 412,153 326.196 85.959 457.787 364.955 92,933 11 12 8 Washington 417,661 385.530 52.131 430.771 375.140 55.631 3 3 7 West Virginia 149.765 123,890 26,876 141,445 114.268 27.179 4 5 Wistomln 597,662 500.215 97,448 668.701 582279 108.222 12 12 9 Wyoming 44.570 44,570 49,319 49.319 11 11 ...

U.S. Serit. Schools 182212 182,912 248.198 248.198 36 36 ... 1.1=1:Pi Oudying wen 142.187 117,849 24,338 168,868 131,156 35,600 17 11 American Samoa 744 744 ...... Canal Zone 1,088 1,088 1,101 1.101 1 1 ... Guam 5,829 5.829 8,288 8.288 42 41 ... Puerto Rico 129,828 105.490 24.338 150.210 114.710 35,500 16 9 48 Virgin Islands 5.441 5,441 5,870 5,870 8 8 ... Trust Territories 443 443

Less then 0.5 percent. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Center for Education Statistics, Financial Stasietica of holitudow of Higher Education. NOTE.-Elecause of rounding, details may not ado to totals.

109 Table 198. -income of institutions of higher education: United States. 1919-20to 1971-72

1ln thousands of dollars)

Item 1919-30 1923 -30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-60 11163-64 1985-88 1987-88 1989-70 1971-72

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 0 10 11 . ' Cummtfund 1110011111 8199.922$854,511 8715211 62,374,846 16,7813237 89243,514 1112,734225 816,835,198821,515242 828,234259

Educational end general 172,929 483,065 571.289 1.8"3,845 4.688.3W 7.788.448 10,285.252 13,848,898 18,488,177 20.200.269

Student tuition end fast.. .. 42,265 144.128 200.897 394,810 1,187,482 1.892,839 2,689,699 3,380,294 4.419,845 5,194,088 Federal Government: V e t e r a n s ' tuition and fees' .. 307.325 3,422 Research: 1:1 (3) (3) 13: 827,283 1,798,710 Other Magus 12,763 20.858 39,850 216,994 205,305 364.179 2,653.778 3,348240 2.682.384 3,028,991 Staaparemments4 161.690 71110,84, 151,222 491,638 1.374,478 2,110,981 2,984,314 4,181,070 5.787,910 7,120,982 Local governments 151 151 24.392 81,700 151,715 339,851 316,483 503,601 774,803 991.034 Endowment earnings 36,482 88,806 71,304 86,341 205,619 288.187 316.231 383,990 447,278 480,806 Private gift, end ranee 7.584 28.172 40,453 118.627 382,569 550.8134 840,744 848.450 1,001,484 1,208.070 Related activities (31 (3) 32,777. 111,987 244,672 383,220 689.821 484.977 890.448 Sales and services of educational der amend 13) 13) 131 131 45,423 64,742 MAW 118,618 127,800 148,711 Or iv educational and general . 22,138 72.867 11,383 34.625 88.207 139,082 411,488 759,730 887,231

Atimilery enterprises 26.993 80.419 143,923 511,286 1204,283 1,806274 2,139.117 2,481,670 2,900,390 3,309,957 Studentd income 13) 13) 13) 16.288 92.902 148,093 309,855 497,930 658,016 764,590 Other current income 11.027 13,247 81.470,860 1260.441 Plant4erse receipts 19,194 92,078 86.209 5213,747 1,308,806 2,632,004 3,483206 (9) (9) 191

Federal Govenerent 22.987 12.358 57,599 134,215 322.473 Stec governments 11,394 30.b21 18.404 283,920 319,513 630,473 738,328 Local governments 2.154 19,373 38,304 62.694 80.868 .. Prase' gets and WOOS 7.900 51,457 22,683 72,820 198,408 314,586 385,910 Loan-noniratitutional sources . 13) 13) 13) 131 381.112 744,308 1,512,787 Loans-Institutional serum (31 13) 13) 13) 31,873 64,121 . 77,558 Transfers from other funds 13) (3) 13) 60.582 228.578 422,673 I 375,986 Miscellaneous rootlets 131 (31 (31 79.894 77,122 158,988 Other hod imams (9) (9) 44,615 10116.932 498,850 829.371 815,702 (9) (9) (9)

Private gifts and grants 60,907 83,512 36,376 86,850 209,146 308,592 327,072 Other soma 141 141 8,142 50,082 289.804 320,779 488,630

Net Masao In Winded of fends . 171 (9) (9) (9) 419.310 480.935 652.578 (0) 357,979 729,541

Endowment funds11 375,178 444,669 862.578 387,978 729,641 Annuity funds 11,854 MAW (9) en (9) Student ken funds 32,729 13,915 171 19) (9)

1 Tuition and fees recolgod from veterans under Public Law 860 are reported 9 Oct. not collected. under student fees end not under income from the Federal Goverment. 39 cost not (WWI/ Inlerfu,nd staastan. 2 know* from the Federal Government for reaserch at agriaduand experiment 13 Includes funds functioning an endowment; harm calculated on book value. stations admininered by landarent institutions le included under Federal Government "other Purposes." not under "research." NOTE.-11tginning in 1959-60, doe ere for 50 Soto and the District of 3 Dete not mare* collected. Columbia; date for earlier mars ere for 48 States and the District of Columbia 4 Includes Federal aid received through State elonnsis end regional compose. °scene of rounding, details may not add to total'. 11 Income hone Sus end local governinents tabulated under Stets. 6 Beginnuo in 1967-68. the private grads represent frranitgangderrial Menu* SOURCE: U.B. °emigrant of Redth, Eduardo% and Wafers, Natrona Center to moored re ean% and other sponsored Program. for Education Statistics, FinintelaiStsebticsofkatiationeefliesterEducatioa 7 Specified, detested or semerked funds. 8 Milo public service programs previously MOW In Federal GOW11111111( retook in related activities, end r4. other items of education and general rewire.

110 12,4 Table 126. -Moto WU end idents to ingitotiont of MOW education. by control of insdtutioni United swiss, 1959 -1110 to WI -72 (Amounts In thousands of doilies!

Control of Institution and putpose of private 1959-60 1961-42 1983-64 1965-66 1967 -88 1989-70 1971-72 glft and grant 6 7 8 1 2 . 3 4 5 GIFTS AND GRANTS TO ALL INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION adamant and general tun& $382,560 $450.145 $550684 1640.744 $840.41.0 51,001,455 $1.208,070 As percent of total education& and 6.1 6.0 general revenue 8.2 1.5 7.1 6.2 6.1 Research, included in 'doodlers& and $273,919 general funds= $87274 $93,876 $123384 $152,9015 $213.754 $255378 $148,012 Studentold funds $45475 957.000 $65.121 $1313476 6103,012 $127,9134 As percent of total student. 19.4 19.4 old nwenueS 48.9 12.3 44.0 27.9 20.7 Plant tuft* $198.408 $226,486 $314.558 $365210 15) IS) IS) As percent of total plant. fund income 28.8 23.8 243 19.3 IS) Real property. tuPtaidd value $24.187 $49387 $42,397 $72821 $69.132 151 As percent of grow additions 1.8 3.0 1.7 2.3 1.7 to plant assets if i Endowment funds $187,527 8230.074 $2494133 $282373 IN (5) As percent of total endowment income applied to educational end general revenue and to studetudd revenue 81.9 88.1 88.3 79.7 /5) I5) 15) Annuity and living trust funds $16,000 $19.645 $30,294 $34,493 IS) 151 151 t si Student loan funds $5.819 $9166 $9.1335 $10405 14 IN : 41 A GIFTS AND GRANTS TO PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS

Education& end general fun& $85232 $98.148 $113.832 $155378 $215,592 $262A85 $322,604 As percent of total educational and general revenue 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2A Research. Included In educational ard goner& funds2 537.727 143,378 $60,842 181,491 $111.0813 $128028 1138,991 Studentdid funds $17245 ULM S23,492 130.782 140.197 $53,261 $69938 AS of total student. aid levenue3 42.8 42.2 37.4 22.4 15.5 15.3 16.8 Plats hinds $19900 $18,0134 $30,807 $44,518 151 151 151 As percent of total plant- fund irdome4 4.2 2.7 3.3 3.3 Real progeny, appraised value $9.831 $26.557 $15,942 128.847 $341318 IS) 151 As percent of gross additions til plant *MS 1.3 '4.7 ,, 1.1 1.6 1.3 Endowment funds $17.711 $25398 $34373 $46,724 Pi t5) Pi As percent of total endowment Income applied to educational and genet& revenue and to student- aid (avenue 75.2 95.8 103.9 130.8 151 15) 151 Annuity and living trust funds $57 $641 $450 112.559 14 ter) (5) Student loan funds 11.670 $3268 $4.184 $2393 14 15) 151

GIFTS AND GRANTS TO PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS I. Educational and general funds' 5297. 337 $351.998 $437.052 $4853135 $1332357 $738970 $886466 As percent of total educational and general revenue 14.7 13.. 12.7 11.3 122 13.3 13.4 Research. included In educational and ganard furds2 $49.545 MAIM $62943 $71313 $102,666 $129,880 $137.028 Studentaid funds $28230 1135.439 141,629 $65.714 $62215 $74223 178.078 As percent of total student. 542 52.9 48.8 32.3 28.3 243 22.4 aid revenue3 14 Plant funds $17631013 $2013.412 $283348 $321392 I5) 151 As percent of total plant- fund Income 82.1 75.9 78.0 58.3 Reel property. awed& value $14255 $23.309 628.456 844,074 $34A14 151 01 As percent of gross &Midas to &tent nests 2.8 3.4 2.8 3.9 2.5 Endowment funds $170354 $2042713 $234.690 $233.450 151 (S) (S) As percent of total endowment income applied to educational and general revenue and to student- aid tetanus 82.6 87.3 87.5 73.7 01 (5) 15I Annuity and living trust funds $15,943 $19.200 $29.844 $31.934 (51 151 (SI Student loan funds $4,049 $5.200 $4.651 $7,413 15) (5) 0 i

I Oats for 1967-68 to 1971-72 include separately reported revenue from ! Excludes transfers end loam. noniovenwriental sources for sionsored mewed and mho sponsored prawns. ' Data not collected. 3 Data for 1967 -68 to 1971-72 were reported 415 Mama from nolifwellrolonlal sources for sponsored research. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and We ens. Mann& Center Endo*es revenue for student work assignments and student Honk for Education Statistics,Faimsdat Swanksof Mined=of WierEdueoefea Who Pays for Higher Education?

The National Center for Education Statistics has 1971-72, the average tuition and feescame to estimated that colleges and universities in the United $1,820. Some additional charges to graduate students States spent an average of $2,219 to educate each broughttheoverallaverageto$1,827. The full-time student during the academicyear 1971-72. accompanying chart shows the amount and the The cost per studentwas somewhat lower for percent of money that colleges and universities publiclycontrolledinstitutions($2,020)and received from tuition and fees and from other substantially higher for privately controlled colleges sources. and universities ($2,800). It is generally reuognized The "student education" expendituresused in that college students, through their tuition andfees, these computations include expenditures for general pay for only a portion of the cost of their education. administration,instructionanddepartmental Publicly controlled institutions derivea substantial research, other sponsored programs, libraries, and partoftheirincomefromgovernmental physical plant maintenance and operation. Over the appropriations, especially State governments, while past decade the percentages represented by tuition private colleges and universities dependupon a and fees as a source of revenue for "student variety of other sources, including private gifts and education" expenditures have remainedvery stable. grants, endowmentearnings,and theFederal The increases in tuition and fees inrecent years have Government. only kept pace with the increasing expenditures for Theaveragefull -timeundergraduatestudent "student education." attending a publicly controlled institution in hisor "Student education" expendituresare a portion of her home State (or local district in thecase of educational and general expenditures and exclude students attending locally controlled colleges) paid expendituresforseparatelybudgetedresearch, $376 in tuition and fees for the academicyear extension and public service, and organized activities 1971-72.Publicinstitutionsreceivedsome of educational departments. The excluded itemsare additional funds from outof-State and graduate those which largely serve the general public rather students,sothat the average tuition and fees for all than the students. students was $447. For undergraduate students C. GEORGE UND attendingprivatelycontrolledinstitutionsin statistician

Figure 14.Cost of student education from tuitionand Tess and num other sources, by control of institution: United States, 1971-72 Publicly controlled institutions controlled U.020 per FTE student institutions 113,200 per FTE student

FTElull time equivalent. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Edift t, end Welfare. National Center lot EducationSundaes. Financial Varieties of Innautsons of Mph*, (duration end Proiecoons Of EducebonalStat4ttes. Table 127.Estimated tuition end fees, and room end board rates, in institutions of higher education, by type end control of institution: United States, r... 1994-65 to 1974-78 Tuition and required fees Board rotes Charges for dormitory rooms

Year and contro: All Other Bytom All Other yeer All Other 2-yeer of institution instie Univer 4year instit Mediu Univer 4/ear instit instit Univer 4year fastens. lions shies !rialto. dons lions titles insdt lions dons sides intim dons lions dons tions

11 12 13 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10

1984-138: Public $243 2208 $224 $90 $438 $482 $402 $381 $371 $291 $241 $178 Privets 1.088 1,297 1.023 702 488 615 479 484 331 380 308 289

1889 -70: Public 324 427 307 178 511 540 483 488 370 396 347 308 Private 1.633 1,809 1,489 1,034 682 808 542 548 437 503 409 414

1974-78: Public 482 691 488 283 672 717 824 849 588 707 822 497 Private 2,381 2.781 2.286 1.581 731 814 l 699 699 632 733 582 598 NOTE.Data are for the entire academic year and are average charges per SOURCES: Estimated from U.B. Jeportment of Health, Education. end Welfare. fullahno resident degrowcredit student. They have not been adhoded for changes National Center for Education Statistics.Higher ihhteetion dole StudentMerges, in the Parch:wine power of the dollar. andFall Stuniintent in Nigher liduention.

Table 128. Basic student charges by institutions of higher education for tuition and fees, room, and board, by =Mold and type of institution, and by residence of student: United States end outlying areas, 1971 72

Charon to full ime Charges to full-time undergroduste students graduate students Type of charge and type of institution Publicly Publicly controlled Privet* controlled Privately COW Resident Now trolled Resident Now trolled resident resident

1 2 3 4 5 8 7

Tuition and fees. room, and board $1.285 $1A434 $2.1561 $3.033 $2.918 Universities 1,542 Z226 3.330 $1.804 2.238 3,114 Other 4yr. Institutions 1,282 1,823 2.819 1,350 1,823 2.322 yeer Institutions 1.049 1,639 2,101

Tuition end required fear 374 953 1,898 517 1.081 1.819 Univerdties 514 1,198 2,117 858 1,210 1.901 Other Syr. Institutions 390 981 1,834 478 961 1,337 2-you institutions 219 709 1,137

Room Amiss 368 388 478 425 415 504 Universities 448 448 684 488 446 884 Other Syr. hntitutions 383 383 424 383 383 424 year institutions 334 334 420 Baird Amps 523 823 579 538 828 598 Universities 582 882 829 682 582 829 Other Syr. Institutions 489 489 561 489 499 561 yeer institutions 496 496 644

NOTE.Oate represent average institutional chenille unweighted by numbers of SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Health, Eel:radon, end Welfare, National Center students attending. for Education Statistics,Higher education Mule Student Chen" 1971-72.

113 127 Table 129. -Cunentfund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control end bypurpose: United States. 1971 -72 (Amounts in thousands of dollars(

Currentund expenditures, by control of institution Purpose Public and private Public Private Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 2 3 4 5 8 7 Total censabfund expenditures 525259.660 1002 818,484,325 ,0,0 lumps 100.0 Educational and general expenditures 19,200,506 76.1 12,906,763 78.3 4293.742 69.4 General adminisuation and general expense 3,344,216 13.1 2,028,177 instruction and departmental research.. 12.3 1,316038 14.5 8,443.281 33.0 5,978,425 38.3 Extension and public servian 615.997 2.4 2,484238 27.2 Libraries 569.648 3.4 764.411 3.0 58249 .8 498,6131 3.0 265,930 Plant operation end maintenance 1,827,553 7.5 2.9 1284.098 7.8 643.455 Sponsored activities other then research 1,059289 4.1 7.1 Sponsored research 751.848 4.6 308,143 1,890276 7.4 3A Other separately budgeted research 1,034,214 8.3 866,061 378.007 1.5 9.4 Related organized activities 306,327 1.8 ,680 779,729 3.1 485,478 2.8 31684,250 3.5 Auxiliary enterprises 4 3,178272 12.4 Student-aid grams 1,912,131 11.8 1,284141 1,241,372 4.9 13.9 Major public service Programs 821,387 3.8 819,986 6.8 1,939,411 7.8 1.044,045 6.3 895,388 9.9 Hospitalsl 998,585 3.9 828,880 Other major public service programs: 3.8 371,726 4.1 940,826 3.7 417,185 2.5 523.640 8.8 1 Before 1968-69. these datewere Included with educational and general Items. SOURCE: U.8. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare,National Center for Education Statistics, Finn:dal Statistics of hutfteflons ofMaher ilducadoe, NOTE .-8ecause of rounding. deans may not add to totals. 1971- 72.

Table 130. Expenditures of institutions of higher education: United States,1929 -30 to 1971 -72 (In thnusends of dollars)

Item 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-80 1981-82 1903-04 1955-29 1967-90 1999-70 1971-72 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Conant Aund expenditures 5507.1420742890245.661 84801.378 82.152.528 89.1222122 812.804499 9141.4120789 931.028.112 556,569,853 Educational end general - 377,903 521990 1,708,444 4.513,209 5,788,243 7.425.083 9251.108 13,190220 15,768299 19200,505 General administration end general expense 42,833 82,827 213,070 583.224 730,429 Instruction and departmental 957.512 1,201.107 1238.948 2227293 3244,215 research 221998 280,248 780,994 1.793.320 2,202.403 2,801.707 Extension and public 13211,377 15,6530 /3 17953.097 9,503,250 services 24,982 38,325 86,674 208,595 244,337 Libraries 297.350 438,385 597.544 521,148 615,997 9,654 19,487 56,147 136,384 177,382 238,718 Phnt operation end 34620 483,288 652,696 784,481 maintenance 80,919 89,812 225,110 489,843 864,225 688,054 Separately organized 844,508 1,127290 1,541298 1.927,653 research 18,117 27,268 225,341 1.022.353 1.474.408 1,973,383 Related activities 2.448,300 2299,90 2,144,078 2,285,282 (2) 27.225 119,108 294. 367.027 458,507 Other educational and 558,170 640.711 648,089 779,728 general (2) 121 12) 39.134 38,013 313,832 153,013 240322 121 (2) Auxiliary enterprises 141 124,184 478.401 918,117 1,157.517 1,452,244 1,887.744 2,302,419 Studenteld expenditures (t) fel (4) 172,060 2,769,276 3,178,272 228,785 300.320 425,524 712 .425 Other current expenditures 129.239 28,514 62.818 954,894 1,241.372 .... 246,115 275,623 21,500,544 21239,411 Groh addition emplane ' mimeo 125,108 83,785 418.931 1214,717 1,675,122 2,437,810 3.124,631 4.03,957 4,232226 4,162228 1 includes "other sponsored Programs. 2 Data not collected separately/. ROTC-Beginning in 1959-60, date are for 60 States and theDistrict of 3 Sales and services expenditures. Columbia: data for earlier years are for 48 Stems and the District ofColumbie. 4 Oats not tabulated separately. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. s "Major Public service programs" previously reported in seperetely organized SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National research." "extension end public services," and "related activities." Center for Education Statistics, Financial Statistics of Inottnitiontof Higher Education. 6 Includes expenditures from plant andcurrent funds, gift and grants of plant assets. and increasea In value due to reappraisal end other adjustments. Table 131. - Current'fund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by State: 1970 -71 and 1971 -72 (Amounts In thousands of dollars]

19)071 1971-72 Percent change, State 1970-71 to 1971-72 Or other area Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

United States 823,375,197 814,996.042 813.379,1513 825.689.5130 816,484,325 89,078,335 9 10

Alabama 275,900 226.788 49,114 315.843 264,493 51.350 14 17 6 Alaska 39.939 36.738 3,200 47,452 41,864 5,788 19 13 81 Arizona 202,824 196,070 7,754 240.814 232,083 8,532 19 19 10 Arkansas 128,443 108,694 19.749 14Q525 119,208 21,317 9 10 8 California 2,807.588 2.032,888 774,900 3,015,570 2,149,912 885,658 7 6 12

Co lored* 325.996 276,738 49,280 368.776 307.847 50,929 IC. 11 3 Connecticut 366,218 134,980 231,258 399,373 154.690 244.882 9 15 6 Dolman, 58.051 49,589 8.482 80,339 53.667 6,672 8 a 3 District of Columbia 300.143 28.007 272.137 344.154 38.875 306,279 15 39 12 Florida 585.780 414,844 150.938 816,039 453,420 182,619 9 9

Georgia 395,845 268,277 127,389 424,794 288,851 135,943 7 7 Hawaii 112,250 105.072 7.178 118,687 110,887 7.820 6 9 Idaho 66.388 54,383 11,984 74,849 61,743 13,105 13 14 9 Illinois 1.402,723 789.890 612,834 1,568,843 827,301 729,542 11 . 19 Indiana 596,554 433.578 182,978 641,321 473,101 168,221 9 3

Iowa 303,429 258,694 104,735 387,191 279,072 108,119 7 3 Kansas 255,288 219,844 35,844 286,187 229.898 36.489 4 5 2 Kentucky 271.793 219,184 52,1339 298,419 243,109 53.310 9 1t 1 Louhlana 299,387 221,570 77.797 296,341 217,323 79,018 1 .2 2 Maine 88,852 55,480 33,391 97.485 82,231 36.284 10 12 6

Maryland 470,228 270.242 199,984 526,920 306,494 220,425 12 13 10 Massachusetts 1,080,80 188.813 893.832 1,174,351 225,977 948,374 9 21 6 Michigan 986,807 859.808 126,801 1,060.158 927,683 132.495 7 8 4 Minnesota 448.224 350,721 95,503 468,771 388A09 100,382 5 5 5 Mississippi 187,533 167,189 20,343 207,301 188,060 21,241 11 11 4

Missouri 489,884 272.634 197.030 511,529 300.878 210,853 9 10 7 Montana 70,878 66,024 5,852 72.533 66,332 6,201 2 2 6 Nebraska 174,115 130.149 43,967 184,419 142,022 42,397 8 9 4 Nevada 32,518 32,459 59 35,993 35,923 70 It 11 19 New Hampshire 110,888 48,098 62,790 121,345 51,893 89,351 9 10

New Jersey 484.428 280,843 203,785 543,298 330,507 212.791 12 18 4 New Mexico 117,765 111.219 8,648 128,336 119,694 8.642 9 32 New York 2.556.579 1,003.048 1.553,533 2.788,933 1,128416 1,840,517 12 6 North Carolina 588,942 370,528 218,413 880,897 427,828 252.871 18 16 17 North Dakota 70,190 66,464 3,736 72,803 69,005 3,798 4 4 2

Ohio 1,012,884 701,269 308.595 1,094,462 764,622 328,841 9 7 Oklahoma 244,298 209,337 34.958 289.837 231,465 38.172 10 11 9 Oregon 287,139 227.893 39,245 288987 248,849 42,037 8 8 7 Pennsylvania 1,283,318 816,979 666,338 1,452.880 731,859 721,321 13 19 Rhode Island 131,632 59.964 71,888 138,409 62,641 75,888 5 4 8

South Carolina 208,385 150,619 55,787 232.905 173,420 59,488 13 15 7 South Dakota 81,608 85.239 16,389 88.323 70.928 17,395 a 9 8 Tennessee 394,372 219,318 175.054 448.1142 250,185 198.758 14 14 14 Texas 938.538 712,708 223.830 1,035,690 794,652 241,039 11 t1 Utah 212,084 144,901 87.184 226.125 158.919 87,207 7 10 (I)

Vermont 83,490 46,201 37,290 93,447 50,408 43,038 12 9 15 Virginia 4u/,982 318,681 84,321 450A99 358.486 92,032 12 12 9 Washington 408,364 356,608 61,758 413,748 368,623 55,126 1 1 7 West Virginia 141,810 118,023 25,787 132,948 105,940 27,007 43 5 Wisto.nsin 577,142 477.861 99,481 845,073 637,998 107,075 12 13 8 Wyoming 42,388 42,368 46,328 46,326 9 9 . . .

U.S. Service Schools 182,477 182,477 245,073 246,073 34 34

Outlying areas 140.025 118,435 23,894 168,975 123,748 35,227 14 49

American Samoa 744 744 . Canalone 1.088 1,088 1,101 1,101 1 1 ... Guam 5,021 5.021 6,727 6.727 34 34 Puerto Rico 128 651 105.068 23.594 144,590 109,383 35,227 12 4 49 Virgin Islands 5.288 5.288 5,408 5.408 3 3 . a rust Territories 406 405 ......

I Lass than 0.5 percent. SOURCE: U.S. Department o Health, Education, and Welfare. National Center fax Education Statistics,FinancialStatistics of Inaniutioiu of Maher Education. NOTE.- Barauw of rounding, details may not add to totals.

571402 0 - 74 - 115 129 Table 132. -Personal income, 1971, related to educational and general enpendftwes for higher educationand to educational and general funds received from date and local governments, by MOH 1271 -72

Educational and general Educational end general Personal expenditures or higher State funds from State and local income. 1971 education. 1971-721 governments, 1971-72 Imillions of dollars) 1.0. Amount Percent of Amount Percent of (thousands of dollars) personal income (thousands of dollars/ personal Income 2 3 4 8 8 United States $884,989 818,991.080 3.20 88,113.018 0.94 Alabama 11,070 219.348 1.98 Alaska 98,988 .89 1,549 42.053 2.71 Arizona 22.089 1.43 7,381 188,351 2.58 115,804 Arkansas 5270 1.57 99,753 1.87 54,382 .91 California 95,322 2,181.297 2.29 1,202,802 1.28 Colorado 9,573 270.410 222 Connecticut 107,124 1.12 15.648 313,870 2.02 102,649 Delaware 2.728 se 48,548 1.78 21.271 .78 District of Columbia 4,033 '141,203 5.98 Florida 27,881 29 28.451 509,005 1.79 234,834 .83 Genie 16,855 321,348 1.91 Hawaii 138,209 23 3,772 105,085 2.79 48.030 Idaho 2,655 127 teinoit 55,511 2.17 32.344 1.27 53,783 1,084,875 Indiana 2.02 480.081 .89 21243 485,691 2.19 195,977 92 Iowa 11,057 300,878 2.72 114,652 Kansas 9,247 1.04 200,613 2.17 101.650 1.10 Kentucky 10,901 234.820 2.15 128,351 1.18 Louisiana 12,183 226,342 125 Maine 119.914 .98 3.038 73,030 2.12 29,307 Maryfrid 18,437 358,193 1.93 140,579 Massachusetts 26,187 .78 872,831 3.33 141,948 .84 Michigan. 40,313 802,608 1.99 Minnesota 387,193 .98 15.511 372,845 2.40 151,888 Miuminsia 8,372 .98 148,107 2.29 80.818 1.27 Missouri 18.925 409,253 2.18 181,954 Montana 2,827 28 55,312 2.11 31,084 1.18 Nebraska 5,994 142.248 2.37 Nevada 88,527 .94 2.489 33,033 1.33 1%731 New Hampshire 3,016 .75 90,761 3.01 18,325 .54 New Jersey 36.392 428,641 1.18 New Mexico 197,148 .64 3,402 104,174 3.08 45,889 1.34 New York 91,047 2284,824 2.51 931,437 1.02 North Carolina 17,898 515,550 2.88 195278 1.09 Nowt, Dakota 2,235 53.693 2.40 25,531 1.14 Ohio 45,423 755,681 1.86 Oklahoma 282.587 .58 9,239 188,118 1.82 74,123 20 Oregon 8,512 207,127 2.43 Pennsylvania 97,304 1.14 49,832 1,037,921 2.08 321,155 Rhode bland 4,018 24 106,151 2.84 30.084 .75 South Carolina 8,377 158,626 1.89 78,428 .91 South Dakota 2,213 57,892 2.82 Tennessee 20,039 .91 13.472 307.381 228 117,812 .87 Texas 42.772 828.999 1.94 425,981 1A0 Utah 3.780 158,623 4.22 83,118 1.41 Vermont 1,804 88.690 Virginia 4.28 13.607 24 18,791 307,012 1.83 134,583 .72 Washington 14.538 346,171 2.38 Wet Virginia 185.240 127 5,850 99.019 129 Wisconsin 81.915 1.08 17,817 498.316 2.80 281223 Wyoming 1,315 1.47 38,655 2.79 20,335 1.55 Excludes U.S. service schools. SOURCES: (1) U.S.Department of Health, Educedon, and Welfare, National Ceuta, for Education Meddles,Financial Statistics of Institution, of Higher NOTE. - Because of rounding. details may not add to totals. &location.1971-72. 121 U.S. Department of Conmwrco, Bureau of Economic Analysis,Suety of Current DogmaAugust 1974.

116 130 Table 133. - Physical plant value per student In Institutions Table 134. - Endowment funds per student in institutions ofhigher education, by control and by kW: of higher education, by control end by level: United States, 1970-71 end 1971-72 United States, 1970-71 and 1971-72

Institution, Plant value Book value of endowment funds2 control end level of institution Total lin Per Control and level Number Enroll. Number mint! thousands student of Institution mend Total Iln Per of dollen) thousands student of dollen) 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1970-71 1970-71 All Institutions 2,568 8.580.687 $46,053,681 $8.387 All Institutions 2,656 8,580,887 $11,341.388 $1,322 Ayear Institutions 1,885 8,357.679 40,908,873 8.435 2vosi institutions 891 2.223,208 5,144,912 2,314 4-year institutions 1.865 6.367,879 11,237,898 1.768 2.year institutions 891 2.223.208 103,470 47 asw.marmozxxxxxxx44xxos 4xxxxons Publicly controlled institutions 1.089 8.428,134 29,540,021 4,691 Publicly controlled institutions 1,089 6,428,134 1,981,581 304 A veer institutions 435 4,326,182 250136,243 6,799 2year institutions 814 2.101,972 4,461,778 2,123 Ayeer instittiIons 435 4,326,162 1,924.909 446 2rear institutions 6114 2.101.972 26.672 13 Privately controlled institutions 1.487 2,182,183 18,508,584 7,887 Privately controlled MAW dons 1,487 2.152.763 9288,785 4,382 4vear institutions 1,230 2,031.617 15,822,430 7,788 2year institutions 237 121,236 883,134 5.035 year institutions 1,430 2.031,617 9,312.997 4.684 2year Institutions 237 121.238 78.798 833 1971-72 4 1971-72 Al) institutions 2,608 48.948,1144,80,153,252 5,605 All lattltutIons 2,606 8.948,644 11,983,206 1,339 roa institutions 1,672 6,482,733 44,329,756 6,859 ysar institutions 934 2,488,911 5823,487 2,343 414er insusutioft 1,872 8.482.733 11.875,821 1838 2.year institutions 934 43 Publicly controlled institutions 1,137 8,804,309 32.424.662 4,785 Publicly controlled institutions 1.137 6,804,309 2.108,282 310 Apgar institutions 440 4,438,442 27,278,874 6,148 2year institutions 897 2,355,887 5,147,778 2.178 4 year Institutions 440 4,438,442 2,082,104' 089 2.year Institutions 897 2,385,887 26,178 11 Privately controlled institutions 1,489 2,144.335 17,728.600 8.288 e Privately controlled ;..:::tutions 1.413912,144,335 9.874.928 4806 year institutions 1,232 2,024.291 17.052,881 8,424 2year institutions 237 120.044 875,719 %bee Ayear institutions 1,232 4,024,291 9,793.717 4,838 2year Institutions 237 120,044 81,209 678 Total resident end extension enrollment, futime and partilme, degreActedit end nonlegmecredit. fall 1970 and t971. I Total resident and extension enrollment, fullilme end varmints, degree-credit end nowdogreeeredit. fell 1970 and 1971. SOURCE U.S. Deportment of Health, Education. and Welfare, National Center 3 Including funds functioning as endowment. for Education Statistics,Financial Statistics of Institutions of Matter Education, SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Wetter*, National Center for EducationStatistics, Financial &stinks of Institutions of Higher Education.

Table 135.-Property of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1971-72

(In asuusandsof dollars)

Item 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1949-60 1969-60 1969-70 1970-71 11171-72

1 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9

Property value at end of year 81.310.404 $3,437,118 18089.800 187,401, sal'410.893.388 182.947.396 887.394.951 $02.136.459

Land. buildings, and equipment 741,333 2,2480130 2,763.780 4,799,964 13,448,848 42,093,880 48,083.885 50,153251 Endowment (book value/2 569.071 1,372,068 31,736,620 32,601,223 36.444,837 10,863.616 11,341,388 11,983,208

Liabilities of plant funds I4) (4) I4) la) 1.964,308 9,304,731 9,088,240 10,291,095

I Excludes date reported for student loan funds: $28,784,000 In 1939-40, NOTE.- Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. $43,100,000 In 1949-50, and $126,284,000 in 1959-88. 2 Includes funds functioning as endowment. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, National Center 3 Includes annuity funds: $49,537,000 in 1939-40, en umpecif Rd amount In for EducationStatistics, Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education, 1949 -50, and $122,757,000 In 1959-60. 4 Data not collected. Table 136.Selected data for landirentinstitutions on students and finances: United States and outlyingareas, 1962-03 and 1972-74

Item 1962-63 1972-73

1 2 3 Opening (fall) enrollment: Total enrollment 1819,026 21,600,730 First-time enrollment 3144,457 2270,862

Regular Federal appropriations $113,579,587 $247,762,422 Funds tor instruction and facilities (Morrill-Nelson and BanktwacWones Funds) 14,500,000 12,700,000 Funds for research (experiment stations) 35,426,725 72,697,217

Hatch funds, as amended 34,843,733 64,409,948 Research under Agricultural Marketing Act 582,992 8,287,269 'oe onnrarntive extension 63,652,862 162,365,205

Smith-Lever funds (Act of 1914, as amended) 62,137,381 159,599,076 Extension under Agricultural Marketing Act 1,515,501 2,766,125

Endowment income under landgrant funds 5,111,041 9,238,007

From 1862 land-grant funds 3,139,289 5,493,288 From other Federal land-grant funds 1,971,752 3,744,739

I Resident and extension,degree-civet andnon-degree-credit, first ami enrollment. 2 Resident and extension, degreecredit and nowdsgree-credit,opening fall enrollment. 3 Resident, degreecredit,first-term enrollment.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, Office of Education,Statistics of LandGrant Colleges and Universities,Year Ended June 30, 1963,andStatistics on Condition of LarulGrant Funds, 1973 Report; and NationalCenter forEducation Statistics,Pali EnrollmentinHigher Education, 1972

S

118 132 CHAPTER IV Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

Federal lard grants provided under the Northwest 1862 FirstMorrill Actauthorized public land Ordinance of 1787 represent the first instance of U.S. grants to the States for the establishment Government financial assistance for education. With and maintenance of agricultural and mechan- this enactment, the National Government embarked ical colleges. upon a program of educational support unique among 1867 Department of Education Actauthorized the national governments in its commitment to State and establishment of the Office of Education. local autonomy and in the responsibility it assumed 1874 Aid to State nautical schoolsprovided funds for a public function of national interest. for State nautical schools. A variety of programs and procedures are used by 1890 SecondMorrill Actprovided for money the Federal Government to support numerous educa- grants for support of instruction in the tional activities. Procedures include financial grants agricultural and mechanical colleges. and loans, allocation of surplus commodities and 1917 Smith-Hughes Actprovided for grantsto federally owned property, operation of special pro- States for support of vocational education. grams and institutions, and the cost of services or 1918VocationalRehabilitationActauthorized contracts. funds for rehabilitation of World War I This highly complex Federal educational involve- veterans. ment affects, directly or indirectly, every person in 1919 Federal surplus propertyauthorized use of this country and many persons from other countries. Federal surplus property by educational Programs may be for the purchase of research and institutions. training services in educational institutions; for sup- 1920 SmithBanlchead Actauthorized grants to port of individuals for whom there is a special Federal Statesforvocationalrehabilitation responsibility; for support of schools in areas where programs- Federal activities would result in undue burdens on 1933 School lunch programsprovided assistance in school services without such support; for support of school lunch programs. The use of surplus vocational education, foreign language study, and farm commodities in school lunch programs similar special areas; or for numerous other purposes. began in 1936 and the National School A capsule view of fue history of Federal educa- Lunch Act of 1946 continued and expanded tional activities is provided in the following list of this assistance. selected Federal educational legislation: 1935 Banldtead-Jones Act (PL 74.182)made grants toStatesforagriculturalexperiment Year Program stations. 1787 Northwest Ordinanceauthorized land grants 1937 NationalCancerInstituteActestablished fortheestablishmentofeducational Public Health Service fellowship program. institutions. Subsequently, fellowships were authorized in legislation concerning other agencies. 1941 Amendment to Lanham Act of 1940author- ized Federal aid for construction, main- tenance,andoperationof schoolsin Albert R. Moose of the Reference, Estimates, and Projec- federally impacted areas. Such assistance was tions Branch, National Center for Education Statistics, had the major responsibility for development of data for this continued under Public Laws 815 and 874, chapter. 81st Congress, in 1950.

119 13,/, 1943 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (PL 78-16) guidance, counseling, and testing services and provided assistance to disabled veterans. training institutes; higher education student School Lunch indemnity Plan (PL 78.129) loansand fellowships;foreign language provided funds for local school lunch food institutes and advanced foreign language purchases. study and training provided by colleges and 1944 Servicemen's Readjustment Act (PL 78346) universities; experimentation and dissemina- pr o vid edassistanceforeducationof tion of information on more effective utili- veterans. zation of television, motion picture, and Surplus Property Act (PL 78457)author- related media for educational purposes; and ized transfer of surplus property to educa- vocational education for technical occupa- tional institutions. tions necessary to the national defense. 1946 George-BardenAct (PL 79-586)--expanded Public Law 85-926Federal assistance for Federal support of vocational education. trainingteachersofthehandicapped 1948United States Information and Educational authorized. Exchange Act (PL 80402)provided for the Public Law 85. 905authorized a loan service interchange of persons, knowledge, and skills of captioned films for the deaf. betweentheUnitedStatesand other 1961 Area RedevelopmentAct (PL 87-27) countries. included provisions for training or retraining 1949 Federal Property and Administrative Services of persons in redevelopment areas. Act (PL 81-152)provided for donation of 1962 Manpower Development and Training Act surplus property to educational institutions (PL 87415)provided training in new and and for other public uses. improved skills for the unemployed and 1950 Public Laws 815 and 874provided assistance underemployed. forconstruction(Public Law 815) and Public Law 87447provided grants for the operation (Public Law 874) of schools in construction of educational television broad- federally affected areas. casting facilities. Housing Act (PL 81-475)authorized loans Migration and Reiligee Assistance Act of 1962 for construction of college housing facilities. (PL 87-510)authorizedloans,advances, 1954 School Milk Program (PL 83690)provided and grants for education and training of funds for purchase of milk for school lunch refugees. Programs. 1963 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act CooperativeResearchAct (PL 83-531) (PL 88-129)providedfundsto expand authorized cooperative arrangements with teaching facilities and for loans to students universities, colleges, and State education in the health professions. agencies for educational research. Vocational Education Act of 1963 National Advisory Committee on Education (PL 88-210)increased Federal support of Act(PL. 83-532)establishedaNational vocational education, including support of Advisory Committee on Education to recom- residentialvocationalschools,vocational mend to the secretary of the Department of work-study programs, and research, training, HEW needed studies of national concern in and demonstrations in vocational education. thefield of education and to propose HigherEducationFacilities Act of 1963 appropriate action indicated by such studies. (PL 88. 204)authorized grants and loans for 1956 Library Services Act (PL 84-597)authorized classrooms, libraries, and laboratories in grants to States for extension and improve- public community colleges and technical ment of rural public library services. institutes as well as undergraduate and grad- 1957 Practical Nurse Training Act (PL 84-911) uate facilities in other institutions of higher provided grants to States for practical nurse education. training. 1964 CivilRights Act of 1964 (PL 88452) 1958 National Defense Education Act (PL 85-864) authorized the Commissioner to (1) arrange, provided assistance to State and local school through grants or contracts with institutions systemsfor strengthening instruction in of higher education, for the operation of science,mathematics,modernforeign short-term or regular session institutes for languages,andothercriticalsubjects; special training to improve ability of ele- improvement of State statisticalservices; mentary and secondary school instructional

120 134 staff to deal effectively with special educa- Medical Library Assistance Act (PL 89.291) tion problems occasioned by desegregation; provided assistance for construction and (2) make grants to school boards to pay, in improvement of health sciences libraries. whole or in part, the cost of providing National Foundation on the Arts and the htservice training in dealing with problems HumanitiesAct(PL 89.209)authorized incident to desegregation; (3) provide school grants and loans for projects in the creative boards technical assistance in desegregation and performingarts,andfor research, and required nondiscrimination in federally training, and scholarly publications in the assisted programs. humanities. Economic Opportunity Act of1964 National Technical Institute for the Deaf Act (PL 88-452)authorized grants for college (PL 89.36)provided for the establishment, work-study programs for students of low- construction, equipping, and operation of a income families; established a Job Corps residential school for postsecondary educa- program and authorized support forwork- tion and technical training of the deaf. training programs to provide education and National Vocational Student Loan Insurance vocational training and work experience for Act (PL 89. 287)encouraged State and non- unemployed youths; provided training and profit private institutions and organizations work experience opportunities in welfare toestablishadequateloaninsurance programs; authorized support of education programs to assist students to attend post- and training activities and of community secondary business, trade, technical, and actionprograms,including Head Start, other vocational schools. Follow Through, Upward Bound; authorized Disaster Relief Act (PL 89.313)provided for the establishment of the Volunteers in assistance to local education agencies to help Service to America (VISTA). meet exceptional cost resulting from amAJor 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act disaster. (PL 89.10)authorized grants for elemen 1966 InternationalEducation Act (PL 89.698) tary and secondary school programs for provided grants to institutions of higher children of low-incomefamilies; school educationfortheestablishment, libraryresources, textbooks, andother strengthening, and operation of centers for instructional materials for school children; research and training in international studies supplementaryeducationalcentersand and the international aspects of professional services;strengtheningStateeducation and other fields of study. agencies; andeducationalresearch and National Sea Grant College and Program Act research training. (PL 89.688)authorized the establishment HealthProfessionsEducationalAssistance and operation of Sea Grant colleges and Amendments (PL 89-290)authorized programs byinitiating and supporting scholarships to aid needy students in the programs of education and research inthe health professions and grants to improve the various fields relating to the development of quality of teaching in schools of medicine, marine resources. dentistry,osteopathy,optometry,and Adult Education Act (PL 89-750) authorized podiatry. grants to States for the encouragementand Higher EducationAct of 1965 expansionof educational programsfor 89-329)provided grants for university adults, includingtraining of teachers of community service programs, college library adults and demonstrations in adult educa- assistance,librarytraining and research, tion(previouslypartof the Economic strengthening developing institutions, and Opportunity Act of 1964). educational opportunity; insured student Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act loans; teacher training programs; and under- (PL 89. 694)authorized the establishment graduateinstructional equipment. Estab- and operation, by Gallaudet College, of a lishedaNationalTeacherCorps and model secondary school for the deaf to serve providedforgraduateteachertraining the National Capital region. fellowships. Elementary and Secondary Education Amend- ments of 1966 (PL 89. 750)in addition to

121

135 modifying existing programs, authorized fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for grants to assist States in the initiation, which they are available for obligation. expansion, and improvement of programs HandicappedChildren'sEarlyEducation and projects for the education of handi- Assistance Act (PL 90-538)authorized pre- cappedchildrenatthepreschool, school and early education programs for elementary, and secondary school levels. handicapped children. 1967 EducationProfessionsDevelopmentAct Vocational Education Amendments of 1968 (PL 90-35)amended the Higher Education (PL 90-576)changed the basic formula for Act of 1965 for the purpose of improving allocating flmds; provided for a National the quality of teaching and to help meet Advisory Council on Vocational Education, criticalshortages of adequatelytrained expansion of vocational education services educationalpersonnelbyauthorizing to meet the needs of the disadvantaged, the support for the development of information collection and dissemination of information on needs for educational personnel, training for programs administered by the Commis- and retraining opportunities responsive to sioner of Education, and the preparation of changing manpower needs,attracting a a cat, log of all Federal education assistance greater number of qualified persons into the progri ma. teaching profession, attractingpersons who HigherEducation Amendments of 1968 can stimulate creativity in the arts and other (PL 90-575)provided new programs to skills to undertake short-termor long-term assist disadvantaged college students through assignments in education, and helping to specialcounseling and summer tutorial make educational personnel trainingpro- programs, and to assist colleges to combine grams more responsive to the needs of resources for cooperative uses, including schools and colleges. closed-circuit television and computer net- PublicBroadcastingActof1967 works. Also authorized grants to expand and (PL 90-129)established a Corporation for strengthen student cooperative programs and Public Broadcasting to have major responsi- to expand programs which provide clinical bilityinchannelingFederalfundsto experiences to law students. noncommercial radio and television stations, 1970 Elementary and Secondary Education Assist- program production groups, and ETV net- ancePrograms, Extension (PL 91.230) works directly or through contract; conduct authorized comprehensive planning and eval- research,demonstration,Jrtraining in uation grants to State and local education matters related to noncommercial broad- agencies; provided for the establishment of a casting; and authorize grants for construc- National Commission on School Finance. tion of educational radio as well as television NationalCommissiononLibrariesand facilities. InformationScienceAct(PL 9I.345) 1968 Elementary and Secondary Education Amend- establishedaNationalCommission on ments of 1967 (PL 90. 247)in addition to Libraries and Information Science to meet modifying existing programs,authorized the needs of the people, to utilize effectively support of regional centers for education of the Nation's educational resources, and to handicapped children, model centers and cooperate with State and local governments servicesfordeaf-blindchildren, recruit- and public and private agencies in assuring ment of personnel and dissemination of optimum provision of such services. information on education of the handi- Environmental Education Act (PL 91.516) capped; technical assist ....ce in education to established an Office of Environmental rural areas; support of dropout prevention Education for the purpose of curriculum projects; and support of bilingual education development and initiation and maintenance programs. Also, in order to give adequate of environmental education programs at the notice of available Federal financial assist- elementary-secondaryeducationlevels; ance, authorized advance funding for any dissemination of information; the provision program for which the Commissioner of of training programs for teachers and other Education has responsibility for administra- educational, public, community, labor, and tion by authorizing appropriations to be industrialleaders and employees; com- included in the appropriations act for the munityeducationprograms;andthe

122 136 distribution of material dealing with environ- institutionsofvocational,professional, ment and ecology. graduate higher, and public institutions of DrugAbuse EducationActof1970 undergraduate higher education. (PL 91.527)provided for the development, 1973 OlderAmericansComprehensiveServices demonstration, and evaluation of curric- Amendment of 1973 (PL 93.29)makes ulums on the problems of drug abuse; available to older citizens who need them dissemination of information; training pro- comprehensive programs of health, educa- gramsforteachers,counselors,law- tion, and social services. enforcementofficers,and otherpublic 1974 Educational Amendments of 1974 leaders and officials; and community educa- (PL 93. 380)provides for the consolidation tion programs for parents and others on drug of certain education programs; establishes a abuse problems. National Center for Education Statistics in Appropriations for the Office of Education the Office of the Assistant Secretary for andforotherpurposes(PL 91.380) Education and transfers to the Center, from provided Emergency School Assistance for the Office of Education, the responsibility assistance to desegregating local education for the collection of education statistics and agencies. facts and the diffusion of such information; 1971 Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act specifies that the Office of Education shall of 1971 (PL 92-257)amended title VII of be the primary Federal agency responsible the Public Health Service Act. Increased and for the administration of programs of finan- expanded provisions for health manpower cialassistancetoeducationalagencies, training and training facilities. institutions, and organization; authorizes a Nurse Training Act of 1971 (PL 92-158) White House Conference on Education, and amended title VIII, Nurse Training, of the mandates severaleducation surveys and Public Health Service Act. Increased and studies. expandedprovisionsfornursetraining There is no single total for Federal funds for facilities. education that is meaningful for all purposes, but 1972 Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972 there are many possible totals which may be con- (PL 92. 255)established a Special Action structed to service particular needs. This multiplicity Office for Drug Abuse Prevention to provide is probably due to the many kinds of assistance overall planning and policy for all Federal provided, the differences in the manner of distrib- drug-abuse prevention functions; a National uting assistance, the special circumstances which AdvisoryCouncilforDrug Abuse describe the program beneficiary as each program was Prevention; community assistance grants for legislatively tailored for its special purpose, and, of community mental health centers for treat- course, the purposes of the data user. However, ment and rehabilitation of persons with drug- table 138 (Part I), "Federal funds supporting educa- abuse problems; and, in December 1974, a tion in educational institutions," gives one summary National Institute of Drug Abuse. which the Office of Education has found useful. Education Amendmentsof 1972 Part I includes those programs more frequently con- (PL 92-318)established a National Institute sidered in the general category of Federal aid to of Education; general aid for institutions of education. Grants and loans are separated because of higher education; Federal matching grants the obvious difference which requires repayments of for State student incentive grants; a National loans but not grants. Part II includes data for other Commission on Financing Postsecondary programs which may also be considered in determin- Education;StateAdvisory Councils on ing Federal funds for education. Community Colleges; a Bureau of Occupa- In contrast with table 138, which shows program tional and Adult Education and State grants amounts, table 137 shows where the money comes for the design, establishment, and conduct fromthe Federal agencies which make the funds of postsecondary occupational education; available for the various education programs. This andabureau-levelOfficeofIndian table reveals that the Federal role in education and Education. Amended currentOffice of related activities involves many Federal agencies and Education programs to increase their effec- varies from relatively insignific2nt amounts to almost tiveness and better meet special needs. $8 billion estimated for the Department of Health, Prohibitedsexbiasinadmissionsto Education, and Welfare for the 1975 fiscal year. Six

123

13 agencies report education amounts inexcess of $100 traineeships included in table 137. Figures for this million, exclusive of outlays for research and develop- tabulation, like those in tables 137 and 138,were ment. The supportprovidedvariouslevels of obtained from information provided the Office of educationelementary-secondary, higher, vocational- Management and Budget for "Special Analysis H,"a technical and continuing education,and "other" chapter in its publication Special Analyses, Budget of programsis also shown. the United States, Fiscal Year 1975. Noteworthy is the fact that amounts in tables137 A summary 4' Office of Education disbursements and 138 report Federal funds froma "Federal" for the years from 1960 to 1975, by legislative vantage point. This will differ from State and local program, is presented in table 142. This table reveals education agency reports and highereducation the support Worn for the Office of Educationby reports of Federal receipts. A majorreason for the showing changes in levels of support for different difference is the fact that paymentsto individuals and educational activities and theappearance of new to nonschool agencies for educationor education activities. Funds transferred to the Office of Educa- services cannot be identified as Federal funds by the tionfromotherFederalagenciesforvarious educational institutions. Consequently, summaries of education services are presented at the bottom of State, local, and institutional reports of Federal table 142. receipts will be less than amounts reported forthe State-by-State data on Federal educational assist- same years from this "Fedora" perspective. ance from various Federal agencies are displayed in A somewhat different view of the Federaleduca- tables 141,143,and144.Table 143includes tional involvement is brought into focus intable 139, amounts for higher education institutions only and is from the National Science Foundation publication based on Federal obligations during the 1972 fiscal Federal Funds for Research, Development, and Other year regardless of when funds were spent bya Scientific Activities, Vol. XXII. For example,to the recipientinstitution.Higher education loans to extent that federally supported researchmay be students and institutions, Federal expenditures for considered to be education-related, this table shows Federal employee training, and veterans' education federally supported educational activity taking place benefits are not included in these higher education in many institutions other than those formally figures. described as educational, including industrial estab- Incontrastwithtable 143,"Obligations," lishments, federally operated facilities, andvarious amounts reported in table 141 combine "obligations" nonprofit establishments. Figures from the National for Office of Education programs with "outlay" Science Foundation were used also to obtain the amounts by the Department of Agriculture and the research and development amounts reportedin Office of Child Development in the Department of tables 137 and 138 for colleges and universitiesand Health, Education, and Welfare. Table 145 shows for Federal obligations to universities and colleges Office of Education funds for instructional materials reported in table 143. and equipment. Table 140 gives additional information about the programsfortraininggrants,fellowships,and

124 138 Table 137. -Federal funds for education and related activities, by agency: Fined years 1973 to 1976 Total Elementersecondary education [In thousands of d098131 education Higher Vocational - technicalcontinuing and education Other Abettor actual1973 estimate 1974 , 1 estimate 1975 - actual1973 - estimate 1974 - estimate 1975 actual1973 - estimate 1974 MOM* 1975 - actual 1973 - estimate 1974 e- estimate 1975 aci..ar1973 estimate 1974 . er ...ale 1975 1 2 3 4 - 5 - . 6 7 8 9 10 . 11 ' ' 12 .. 13 . 14 15 ....partment of Health,tdnTotal Educe- and Welfare $17427.611 6227.467 319379355 7,490206 320379311 7.980504 64.084.9723237214 64.599477 3.731.422 $46980574.001082 66.331.6922.724.912 56.9115.8432.991,545 . 55924923 3.182, 48 32.793.959 165.372 SUMAC 113.513166.042 12.835.340 117.695187.117 34.716.579 500.169153.510 56425.322 212.894601.597 55.722.733 609,567181.566 6 SochaPubiciirice Health rand Education Rehabili- bollnrschttation Service 4235.951 908.793113.816 5271,392 989.182 92,242 6.078.965 901939104.522 2.871.160 12.766 3241.694 12,300 3,588225 1.713.701 862.954 36.427 1203,291 937.869 32.617 2,193,178 847.550 29,112 64.92397.5803.169 47,325 .5.204 65.910 3.511 42.670 . .. 46.109 51 378 . . . Department of HousingDefenseCommerceAgriculture and Other 1240.9801,530250 768,907 11,294 1.367,2601243.171 837,790 14,129 1.434.6002251.937 895.088 14.982 203268353.08842.650 377.428239,72557.171 282.181405.057 502329200 111.830 2.067 687 117.768 2.912 522 113,408 2.969 592 78991.515 8.4712.617. .. 8.4152215 1.029.2061.488200 303989 7.822 1.118.5421.886.000 342.594 8.600 2.001.0001.153.412 376.623 9.778 Department of Labor-WilketheUrban Interior Development 279.318154.69755.152 1262,000 278,566128.60063811 2 , 0 7 9 . 0 3 0 303.545 63.15932.607 209.9631 5 9 . 2 0 93.4560 210.500113,47093.455 229221143,48034.850 28,98338,15329.700 42.96529.750 2409 -1624040.79533.568 1,347.800 322559 39.955 7,505 1.448.530 38.31632,73610.133 1.935.520 41.15610,77614,397 9.494 . . 110013 11,588 .. . . DepartmentActionDepartment of State of Transportationthe Truisms 1207000 25,53032.879 3.142 20.9712122936.26b 7.082 22,32324.47022.30340.148 4.748 5.514 8.289 ... 3.405 2-075 .. . . 3.150 ...... 27.01328.13122 125 3 142 20.97119.15430.751 7.082 22,32324.47019.15333.859 Appalachian, Regionalopment Devel- Commis ion 43.96122013 48.791 68.082 34.926 56.699 8,227 9,280 808 ... 1.619 2.123 .. - . DistrictCorporationAtomic ofEnergy Columbia for CommbsionPublicNationalBroadcasting . Center. for 185006.325 22.000 5,121 27.000 6467 2.790 39267 2.410 '3.450 3.151 2,2057805 2,389... 385 505 628 18500 22.000 27.000 .. .. GovernmentEnvironmental Services ProtectionAgencyestimate!Education Statistics 10.43354.191 57,273 9.228 79.870 5,597 46.300 47.827 54,832 10.433 7,891 9.2269446 250385.597 ...... International DevelopmentProgressAssistatce,Administration Alliance for . 22255 2.722 22,238 3.016 178263.227 22.555 2.722 22.238 3 016 17.826 3.227 NationalLibrary of AeronauticsFoundation CongressArtsSpace onand and Administration the the Humanities . .. 5959215,202 3652 26.18968.110 2,359 4165774.490 2,359 4229 4.932.... 6.441 4.9262,349.. .. 5.8471.000 9.0631.000 6.047 15.410 26.153 59 592 1 303 68 110 1 359 70 49n 1.359 OfficeNational of ScienceEconomic OpportunityFoundation . 51.185 33923 29.980 1.950 1,800 1.000 49.235 31.423 28.950 26000 ...... US.SmithsonianResearchVeterans Information AdministrationandInstitution Agencydevelopment in 2.718.3136 30.42126000 2820 3.167.796 43258 3.022 2.792.165 50.708 3.140 43835 944 50,863 1,031 44.389 1,111 2.016.127 2.452209 .. .. 2.140.936 658.424 664.133 .. .. 606.840 . . . 30.421 1.876 . . 43.258 1 991 . . 50.708 .2.029 . . . Health.SOURCES. Educ I 1tier, l collegesNational and(all Welfare,agencies) and Center universities fromfor Education information Statistics. collected U.S. by Department the Office of I 2271,543 2.933.844 3.107.000 States.Management Fiscal and Year Budget 1971 for42) its Research report Special and development Analyser. Budget data from of the National United 1,401.456 1,374203 1.456.000 &knewScience denainezFoundation. Vol. Federal XXII. Funds Jun Research. Desrlopmenc and other . . . . . 1.470.087 1.559.640 1.651.000 140 7abla 198. -Federal funds for education and misted aatIvItloss OblIsetlorts for fiscalyears 1882 to 1987 and outlay for flu& yore 1988 to 1878 Iln thousands of dollars]

Now obliationel authority TM)* of Wood. level. Outlay andprogramarea 1982 1983 1984 1955 1968 1967 1988 1969 1970 oly 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 lestknated) (estimated/ 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 PART 1. Federal funds support rig education In valuations!Institutions Total grants end leans $2,173.70082,507600 02.70.900 83.908.700 18,779,578 88.352.880 117.7112.035 118.0131.3118 39,222,130 1110227.045 811,77091 $12.710.533 11113,953,813 $14.050,822 Chats. total 1.853.200 2.111.700 2.350,500 3.379,000 5,187,978 7,611.283 7.179.355 7952,118 5,714,173 10,593,201 11,422.265 12.385.801 13,572.570 14,202,241 Elementary and secondary education 558.100 600.400 888,300 942.900 2,480,078 3.037.837 2987.004 2,83E4439 3,212.418 3,774,383 3,555,027 4.084,072 4.599 ,477 4,8913,057 Se 11.101 assistance in federally afflicted mess 304 900 330,300 323,100 407,500 Economic °optimality 433.900 489.137 508.372 397.581 856,372 527,043 848,008 580,493 547,051 432.000 PIM Vans' 53.000 60100 67.000 123,500 404,300 721.257 828.533 552,434 534.482 National Defense Education 884,355 473,307 718.572 705,088 708.194 Act-eguipmen4 . 59.300 88,700 94,900 90.900 Supponing servoes3 104,400 109.200 109,009 74,316 88.547 44,847 4.300 4.700 5,200 8.500 42629 38.802 44,892 31,850 Apistance for educationally 173,100 273,581 280.481 290,107 237,532 215.252 287.749 281.193 388,960 397,018 deprived ehedren4 . . 959,000 1,057.455 1.058.983 Teacher Corps 1998.105 1,207,894 1.676.282 1.813.847 8.800 5.100 8.800 11,324 1,580.359 1,839951 1,859/383 Vocational education . 18,019 19,388 18,191 28.400 28.3173 24,900 127.700 28,781 23.887 32.092 35.025 43.708 184.878 194.638 135,224 152,441 181,379 Dependents' Whools 241.491 282,845 305.728 289,944 518.177 abroad ...... 40.500 45.300 61,500 80,600 88,100 87.533 era ,a20 108.589 137.138 Public lends revenue 140915 188.908 190,803 220.018 244.422 for schools ...... 43.600 44.500 48,800 51.500 54.100 80.173 52.294 66.112 Arisotence In luecoi 82,378 78293 73.285 90648 109,148 - 110,384 IL HS 14.800 17 700 32.600 50,200 88.800 88.969 68.288 71 119 78,992 Veteran{ edurstam 120.719 158,787 178922 178,798 123,386 1,294 3.200 4.924 8,233 Emeliancy schtil 13.783 10,874 43,835 80.853 44,389 eustanse Education revenue lithemy . 51,239 88,818 43.391 179.290 210,274 Others ...... 4,400 5.100 6.400 4.600 2.383 5.353 13.282 18.313 19,515 24,538 mous X7C7C onsuos 32,988 32.1300 Haden iniucento, ...... 1.210.300 1.397,800 1.480.400 2.057.800 2930.400 3.834.494 3.241.170 3,347,124 3212.582 4,835,586 6,172,443 5685280i 8.584,889 0.630.844 Rae.; reSe4r,h .n U.S. au. cannel& Mifflin...1ns Proper" .100 691.900 5983500 784.900 940.300 1.032.823 1,040.000 1.020,905 Research tat 1:1.800 157.900 985,784 1954,385 1,192,187 1,177,838 1,203,537 81,278,000 Triening 133.500 191.700 194.000 260.568 199.790 238,5.8 ra.ls tenon 226.130 227908 170,747 223,318 170,887 8181,000 Shelland Paoseest. p. 2E19.900 b, 7,800 443.000 479.300 E one Alum rent 830,400 713,770 701.419 852,830 895.990 1,037,202 37.100 41.000 158.100 384.100 982,008 1,184,990 1.237685 1,115,798 Other 888,900 822,203 549,382 482,387 513.152 518644 'nine 400,147 135.588 145,878 128,097 rauPoff 33.000 43.400 69.500 93.400 Other student *potence 163,800 189.925 130637 173,088 178.158 288,090 103.900 89900 82.300 100.400 292191 339.025 408,038 355,718 214,200 590,688 808.883 789.446 1,781981 Othet Mune. aucat.or 1.101.924 2,130,083 2224.303 3,418,708 3.477.233 guidance . . 11.700 15 400 17.400 18.800 18,800 64,819 2,059 9,976 12,548 9,478 VecatiOnllitechnical and continuingeducation toot claniflable by Nail 87,800 113,500 203,800 384.100 867.400 939.162 971,181 .360,663 1.589.093 1,973,283 2,393.205 2.293280 2.388,513 2935,340 Vocational. technical. and woos trent Ing9 34,800 82.700 171,000 384.300 817.900 827.303 851,1383 1,163,444 1189.254 1,515,741 Veterans education . . 49,900 29.003 25.100 10,300 1,829.481 1974,847 1,539,940 2.069,673 8,300 64,000 78.648 123,970 244,834 351 414 General cont.nuing 429.229 688.424 884,133 1013,840 adocation10 400 400 1200 moo 19,200 29.200 28,701 60,364 Training Stets CO local 85.885 88,308 125,715 149,738 1110,887 153.295 personnel. ... . 2,900 1,400 6,800 8.000 14.000 29.649 11,152 18,775 9.350 11,793 8,870 101130 14,563 15.532 Wens. total (nigher eduallord 320.500 MAO 308.800 529.100 811.700 741983 403,281 565.388 507268 334241 348.725 345.732 381.154 304,011 student loan prsfam National Deena Education Acell 74,800 90.700 111,300 180.100 235.900 237264 22E1.303 230.894 198,843 College 4011titS1041,41 . 245900 305.200 231,708 287,183 324.851 383,427 404,123 287.500 389.001 376.800 503,829 378.978 272.588 311,123 102,736 81,883 21.181 -2173 -10942 PART H. Other Federal funds for education and related ectivides

Total 82.777254 112.938,341 83239281 $3,717,232 113,903,859 83,930.083 113,805.819 83.339.887 1134428.724 84211245 14.528221 84.718.978 NASSAU 16,7/2,7831 -a ----. Appiad research awl dentopment, 750.700 905,700 906,300 952.300 1.026,800 1.0813.150 1.142.350 1,237,499 1,238,749 1218,9133 1,470.558 1,470.087 1,859,840 61251200 School lunch end milt. programs ..... 3E6,000 379.300 411,700 607,500 421,900 448,006 643,846 597.700 878.198 928,188 1,213,075 1,298,002 1,874,155 1,788243 Training of Federal personnel 1,177.500 1,279.600 1.370.400 1,577,900 1.706,700 1237,399 1,138,333 639,853 891,894 854,930 981,215 1,091,928 1,153,653 1217,888 7.7 U.L. academies...... 59.418 69,099 119.796 130,971 164,593 133.002 141,599 170,488 184,282 218,869 232,047 275,871 279,832 289,507 Professional train..w. 1,085.584 1.188,601 1,202,804 1.373.279 1.470.607 1,30E1,848 923.470 376,105 492,040 814,009 718,180 779,834 863,689 900,521 Cwilisn education Ind taming an F oval facilities 31.500 31,900 48,000 73,700 81,800 94,449 73.264 94.280 15.392 21,962 10,988 8.321 10,432 27,853 libfaiy senficy 22=28=900 25,300 82,900 86,300 141,381 138.099 188,124 170.135 188.338 185,098 166,712 225.157 193,843 Grants to public t Weise% 6.900 7.400 7.800 54.900 55.000 78.000 62,017 82,794 60235 52,875 58248 48.782 82,214 35211 NO' WV! IiMaw tarimesf 3 15,300 18,500 17.800 22.000 31,390 85,381 74,082 123.330 119,900 133,383 108.850 120,930 142,943 167232 -- - Intonational education 109.100 118.100 130.000 178.700 232.688 328.742 272.008 278.135 193.484 180.888 122,140 77229 79,712 78.999 ----.4 ...i Eoacationsi 'wham. program 211.100 35.600 38,000 *.400 53,500 44.712 41,1370 38,173 30,850 36.101 37,837 28,131 30,751 33.889 Agency for internatonsi Fievelopment points . 81.000 80.500 84.800 87,800 111.800 203270 140,000 170,000 111.325 105,808 55,812 22,555 22.238 17,828 Aryan rprenousw Paha Crum ... . 44.300 57.176 41,944 43,641 44,605 28,160 25,026 19,819 22,013 79,971 22,323 Other international educe trop and training ...... 7,400 9.200 10,183 38.818 48.897 26,868 23,139 13,933 9.472 5,239 5,762 4,991

Oiher 348 984 330.741 388,151 417,932 429,701 393.378 372,984 400.358 480,486 542,180 883,849 842.322 733,005 793.018

Agricultural execution term* 59.300 63,000 79,400 135,400 90.700 92,824 90.030 97,273 124,528 154,872 189,811 185.803 207.288 208,860 Educational televien

iiciatios14 . 5.200 6.100 15,200 3,304 8.737 8,758 19.183 28,880 8,000 28.568 35,880 42.197 Educetoon m Naive comic teinal inenutions . 2,100 2 500 2.900 3.500 3,600 6.341 3.662 3,818 5.007 8,333 9,068 9,494 11,013 11,888 Vein, of surplus property Pinewood Acquisition cost of Personal prope'ty 244,1700 223.800 288.700 277.300 266.400 215.509 189.383 223,803 248,330 255.888 298.805 2713.693 314,389 345,805 Fair value of reel property 21,070I 21.100 15,100 11,900 15.100 18,884 28.278 13,254 12,488 25.718 12,200 26288 213,000 27000 Other' S 19.934 20.341 24,851 28.732 38.701 53.714 443,993 53,754 52,992 71.189 94,957 116,470 138,357 169,578

includes Office of E40110411le Opportunity. Indian education. Appalachian ° Includes adult vocatl*nal education and manpower training programs. Regional Drearooment, Department of Labor. NYC arachnid work supoort, to Includes Office of Education. Action. Social and Rehabilitation Service, end Head Sum Pregcnnol Department ofHousing end Urban Development. Office of Economic 2 InCludas smell amounts for National Defense Education Act loans to private Development, and additional programs for continuing education. siementaryiecondsry Knoell% 1_1 Induces National Defense Education Act and Insured student loans. Includes suoplertiontal centers, school library meter:els, strengthening Stale 14 Includes Department of Housing and Urban Development college housing education agent as captained films for the deaf, dissemination of information. loans and Office of Education collage facilitieS loans. school counseling and testing, American Printing House for the Blind, planning 33 IncludesLibrary of Congress. Smithsonian Institution. General Services and avaluato, Administration. National Archives end Records Service. National Agricultural 4 Includes Elementary end Secondary Educstion Act. Title I. handicapped Library, National Library of Medirine. and Government Printing Office children. dropout tylevention, bilingual education. Kendall School for the depository library and catalog and India activities. Dalt and Muds' School fo. the CHIC 14 Also includes education broadcasting facilities. Includes District Of Columble, Canal Zone, territories and dependencies, 15 Includes Office of Education end education programs and administration Cuban refugees. sod payments In Olen Of levee by the Atomic Energy expenditures not otherwise Included. Commission end the Tennessee Valley Authority. 6 Inductee eamieniarriac3ndary programs of ten National Science Foundation. NOTE.- Because of exclusion of some programs and because date are bated on National Foundation on the Arts and the Humenliiii% Department of Defense, Federal disbursement rather than on the authority to spend, this figures since Junior ROTC. fed National Aeronautics end Space Adminetretion: Apr 1968 are not strictly comparable with those for Wier years. Office of Chau Imelopment programs not included elsewhere. and Office of Education programs and engandituteS not otherwise included. SOURCES; 411 National Canter for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of 7 Data are from Federal Funds for Rewash. Development and Other Selentific Health. Education, and Welfare, from Information collected by the Office of Aeff Mtn annualpublication.NationalSelene, Foundation.Includes Management and Budget for Its report Special Analysts Budget of the United university Operated research centers. States, Flrcal year 197!..121 Research and development date from National 1915 amounts am estimated by the Office of Education at 5.7 percent Increase Science Foundation, Federal Pirtle for Resterch, Development and Other over 1914 levet Mont* Activism, Vol, )001. 141 Table 139. -Summery of Federal funds fog resell* development. and R&D plant:Fiscal years 1972. 1973. and 1974 in militant 01 dollars)

Item Acme' inmates t Item Actual Estimates

1972 1973 1974 1972 1973 1974

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Total expendihares for resestell. Basic research- Continued devekmment. and R&D Plant 818.743.0 816428.3 $17485.6 State and local governments 16.6 16.6 17.2 Foreign ...... 10.1 15.0 11.5 Reseal. h and development 16.1785 15.9262 18,798.8 c======weerssca R &D plant . 564.4 702.1 768.8 Fields of science Life sciences 728.9 769.6 Total obligations foe reilearch. 760.1 Psychology 58.4 64.8 57.3 development. and R&D plant .. 17.154.1 17.816.5 18,242.7 Physical sciences 783.3 819.7 803.5 Environmental sciences ...... 464.2 480.1 440.3 Research and development . 18452.8 16.985.8 17.383.3 Mathematics 82.8 60.0 58.6 Engineering Niel rowel :h 234.9 198.2 193.0 .. . .. 13.679.1 86432 6.793.9 Social sciences 79.7 90.0 110.8 Other sciences 8.7 5.0 7.0 8 0111.I eunuch ... .. 2.4104 2.475.3 2420.9 Applied reseech 4.1882 4387.9 4373.0 Applied research - Performers Development . .. 9,9736 10.322.6 10.589.4 Federal intramural' 1,490.0 10332 16278 Industrial firms Red) plant . 1251.3 12592 1,290.5 602.1 850.8 859.3 F FROCI administered by ------industrial firms 43.1 40.3 40.7 Reseach end development Universities and colleges Pei humeri 786.6 735.3 79.28 FFRDC's administered by Metal intramural 4,495.8 4088.1 4,797.9 universities and colleges 153.1 144.1 158.9 Industrial firms 7,851.8 8.028.7 8,205.0 Nonprofit inehutions 290.3 269.7 273.8 F F RUC's: administered by F FROC's administered by industioal tams . .. . . 629.9 553.2 540.9 nonprofit Institutions 53.1 48.0 45.1 Universities and colleges 1.902 2 1.889.5 1,955.9 Stale and local governments F F H DC's administered by 84.4 88.0 91.2 Foreign 38.4 51.0 52.3 universities and colleges 7606 758.4 807.2 i... -. Nonprofit inslitutionS .. 0409 548.2 5759 F folds of science F F R DC's administered by Life sciences 1,252.8 1214.2 1.388.0 nonprofit institutions . . 2164 185.7 191.8 . Psychology 67.5 64.0 75.0 Slate and local governments . 206.7 245.7 231.6 Physical sciences Furman 365.7 327.8 381.1 ... . . 599 92.2 77.1 Environmental sciences 337.6 3432 351.8 Mathematics 78.0 70.8 84.1 Research Engineering Performers 1.738.8 1498.4 1.7634 Social sciences 230.7 228.8 198.0 Federal intranturall 2.0973 2.1533 2251.9 Other sciences Industrial firms 107.0 122.7 165.4 . .... 1.714.8 1.771.0 1,716.1 l F F ROCS adrniniSterad by Development . induortal firms . ... . 75 3 72.7 72.7 Performers Univetsites and colleges ..... 1588 2 1037.7 1,708.0 Federal Intramural: 2.398.5 Ff. FMC's administered by 2.612.8 2448.1 Industrial firms 8,138.7 82556 8,488.9 universities and colleges. . 426.8 420.8 447.2 F F RDC's administered bY Nonprofit institutions ...... 372 0 385.4 372.8 industrial firms F F lit)C's adrmmstered by 454 8 480.5 4F9.2 Universities and colleges 217.0 251.8 2479 Ninprobt Institutions ...... 807 54.0 53.3 F FRDC's administered by State and local governments ... . 101.0 102.5 108.4 universities and colleges 3339 337.9 380.0 Foreign 46.4 66.0 83.7 Nonprofit institutions 158.9 182.8 203.3 1 F FRDC's administered by Fields of science nonprofit lintlrotIOM 155.2 131.7 1.8.3 L tie sciences 1,981.7 2083.7 2318.1 State and local governments 105.7 1432 123.2 Psychology . .. 126.9 118.8 132.3 Foreign 13.2 26.2 13.4 Physical sciences ... . 1,139.0 1.147.5 1,184.5 i _._ Environmental sciences . 791.8 823.3 792.1 R&D plant Mathematics . 140 8 130.8 142.7 Performers supported Engineering ...... 1.973.8 1.892.8 1,948.7 Federal intramural 246.5 371.8 3832 Social sciences .. 310.4 318.8 308.9 Industrial firms 67.1 91.8 8C.3 Other sciences... 115.7 127.7 172.6 FF RDC's administered by induroiel Itims fair research 75.3 137.9 199.4 Universities and colleges 46.3 58.6 37.7 Performers F F RDC's administered by Federal intramural' 607.3 620 0 624.1 universities end colleges 130.4 186.2 133.0 Industrial firms 463.5 5118 425.5 Nonprofit institutions 28.1 19.4 13.4 F F ROC% administered by FFROC's administered by industrial firms . 32.2 32.4 32.0 nonprofit institutions 1.8 Universities and colleges 3.0 2.3 . 918.8 901.4 915.2 State end local governments 4.7 FFROC's administeled by 0.9 0.6 Foreign 2.7 umwouties and coney's 2.8 3.0 273.6 276 4 288.3 , Nonprofit Institutions 81-7 95 7 98.8 F F ROC'. administered by nonprofit institutions 1.2 6.0 8.2

I intramural activities cover costs Associated with theadministiation of Intra- SOURCE National Science Foundation, Federal Funds PrResearch. DelOSOP" mural and extramural programs by Federal personnel as wellas actual mend, and Other Scientific Actteites. Vol. XXII. intramural performance 2 Federally Funded Research and Development Centers.

NOTE. Because of rounding, details may not addto totals.

128 142 Table 140.Expenditures for fellowship, traineeship, and training grant programs of Federal agencies: Fiscal year 1973

[In thousands of dollars]

Agency and program Amount

1 2

Department of Health. Education, and Welfare

Office of Education: College personnel development $7,880 College teacher fellowships 25,617 Education personnel for training the handicapped 27,826 Education personnel training for occupational, 'vocational, and adult education 15,347 Education professions development 78,801 Eliender fellowships 600 Emergency school aid training grants 5,892 Librarian training and library demonstration grants 4,359 National Defense Education ActLanguage training and area studies 12,742 Food and Drug Administration 2,788 Health Services Administration 603,792

Public Health Service: John E. Fogarty international Center for Mvanced Study 1,674 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 10,915 National Cancer Institute 14,155 National institute of General Medical Sciences 42,710 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2,958 National Heart and Lung Institute 14,503 National Institute of Dental Research 13472 National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases 17,232 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 9,360 National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke 12,881 National Eye Institute 5,144 Health Services Administration 003,832 Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration 89,832 Go Daudet College 179 Assistant Secretary for Human Development 18,120

Department of Justine Law enforcement assistance 38,153

Atomic Energy Commission 660

Environmental Protection Agency 10,433

Department of Tramportation Urban mass transit 2,940

Department of Housing and Urban Development Community development training and urban development 487 Model cities 18,410

National Aeronautics end Specs Administration 2,349

National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 4,926

National Balance Foundation 48,435 SOURCE: Compiled by the National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, from information obtained from the Office of Management and Budget for Special Analyses, Budget of the United States, Fiscal Year 197S.

129 143 Table 141, - Federal funds to State and localgovernments for elementary end secondary education, by agency and by State: Finalyear 1973

In thousands of dollars)

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare State or other area Total ', Department of Office of Office of Agric..iture3 Education' Child Development2

1 2 3 4 5 Total 85,113A47 $3,404,081 $389.141 81.340.255 Alabama 122,743 75,233 10,420 37,090 Alaska 40,910 37,562 1,712 1,636 Arizona 61.927 43,889 8.699 11,359 Arkansas 87,319 42,530 5.322 19,467 California 435,519 317.255 27,485 90.799 Colorado 57,122 39.820 6,322 12,172 Connecticut 48,439 31,994 2,903 11,542 Delaware 14,829 10,190 1,079 3,580 District of Columbia .. . 36,050 248133 5.694 5,703 Plordla 183,1t 4 98.619 12,579 51,968

Georgia 152,281 98,733 5,731 49,797 Hawaii 28,251 20887 2.419 4,948 Idaho 18,318 12,441 1,712 4,165 Illinois 208,732 136,811 14,849 57,272 Indiana 82,322 48,857 5,210 28,249 Iowa 53,157 31.287 3,312 18,558 Kansas 49449 31,753 4,577 13,119 Kentucky 103.518 60.854 10,881 31,983 Louisiana 124,327 69,283 9,0131 45,983 Maine 24,380 15,717 1.824 8.819 Maryland 97,024 89882 4,131 23,011 Massachusetts 112,176 71,909 8,038 32,629 Michigan 159,125 109890 9.378 40,057 44innesota 75,848 48,089 4,019 25.740 Mississippi 129,009 60,730 38.687 29.812

Missouri 93.845 58,628 8,522 28,897 Montana 21.361 15,789 2,270 3,302 Nebraska 35,095 24.405 2,047 8.643 Nevada 11,041 8613 870 1,788 New Hampshire 13,903 9,419 1.005 3.479

New Jersey 138,994 97,920 10,348 31,728 New Mexico 50.877 35,288 3.610 11,782 New York 491484 381,2135 27,577 102,842 North Caroline 178,373 112,511 11,388 52,474 North Dakota 20,522 14,870 1,191 4,481 Ohio 189,740 105,442 10.495 63,803 Oklahoma 71,734 443,150 6848 18,738 Oregon 41,112 28,280 2,047 10,785 Pennsylvania ..... 237,822 170,089 11,18E 56,588 Rhoda Island 23,304 17,589 1,042 4,893

South Carolina 104.403 88.102 6,810 3t,491 South Dekora 24,773 18,006 1,749 5,018 Tennessee 109,944 68,026 7,741 34,177 Texas 317,202 211.205 18.273 87,724 Utah 29.502 20.217 1,898 7,397 Vermont 10,205 8.719 930 2,558 Virginia 152.092 109,829 5.545 36,918 Washington 89,598 49.154 5,081 15,381 West Virginia 47.811 28,872 4.019 14,720 Wisconsin 69,500 42,825 4,815 22,080 Wyoming 9897 7.621 595 1,681

Puerto Rico 90,834 53.989 7,443 29,222 Virgin Islands 8,013 3.074 782 1,157 Other territories 11,179 8,533 633 2,013

Indudes elementary-secondary education; occupations, vocational, end adult education; and elumenteryeecondary education for handicapped children. 2 Data from Federal Aid to States, FiscalYear 1973. Department of the Treasury. 3 includes amounts for National SchoolLunch Program, Special Milk Program !Schools), School Breakfast Program, Cost of Commoditiesto Schools Program, and Nonfood Assistance Program.

NOTE.-Date combine "obligated" amounts for the Office of Educa..onand expenditures for otter agencies.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics. 130 144 Table 142. Office of Education expenditures. by lagidativo prog...... local yews 1960 to 1975 !In thousands of dollars!

Lovingly. imagism 1950 1982 1984 1968 1988 1970 1971 1872 1973 19741 19751.3

1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 10 11 12

$3.513.478114.111,598 SWUM$4003,71104.990.203 65.885.1369 35,171,836 TOO 13459035$347.400 $873.008$2.034,426 v . Elementary end Secondary Education Act3 .. 811 1.247 1.848 8113.982 1,327,723 1,412,949 1,743.115 1.835.584 1.784.215 2,139.320 098,459

Taw I. Educationally deprived children ... 748,904 1.049,116 41,170,355 1.518.210 1870,389 1,504.842 1.772.100 478.440 Taw II Library resources .. . 47,871 91,084 44.1370 59.253 74,848 80.835 95,199 55.700 Title III Supplementary education car ars 10.938 1131,258 188,781 112,071 122.527 128,813 177.149 91.840 74 V. &lengthening State departments r aducetions 811 1,247 1,848 11,789 28.297 29,247 28.545 32,879 31,911 50.428 14,372 Title VII Bilingual education 8,192 20,878 28,010 29,854 34,291 55,221 Tills VIII. Dropout promotion 3,704 13,180 9,112 8,380 10,153 56913

. .. 1 School assistance in lederelly effected asses 258,198 282,903 334.289 409.593 500.372 1333.372 527.043 848.8113 580.493 647.051 482,0130 I. Maintenance end operabon 174.850 228.419 283.888 353,851 470,887 820,483 508,851 828,305 580,518 519.268 458,080 Construction ...... 83.348 56,490 50.1301 55,742 35.4135 35,909 20,192 20.303 19,977 27.783 24.000 4 1 Higher Education Act 35,232 385,884 631,090 853,307 772,707 845,729 1,233,018 1,877,828 ` Title 1 University community minces .. 3,928 9,897 10,889 10.983 9,618 5,791 14,771 8,883 Title II. Library oeglems 6 wings library resources 48.906 34.083 5,598 3,913 8.800 14,1380 10,155 Lenny training 11.381 7,005 4,789 2,489 4,409 4.440 4,319 Acquisibt.a and cataloging by Library of Congress 306 8.470 5,:21 7,079 6,805 3.849 979 TM* HI. Strengthening developing institutions 22.428 27.731 35,894 35.7138 40,072 80,919 113,300 Tale IV. Student assuance. Equal opportunity grants 103,104 142,57'! 180678 187,1300 183,107 7379,154 7733,337 Work atudy program and cooperative education 30.834 111,812 172.078 191,085 251,997 350,843 228,229 253.188 Insured loans .... 29.947 98,330 150,396 201,321 208.498 338.474 315.733 Student loans insurance fund 2,323 11,035 28.589 43.279 83,216 112,598 Title V. Teacher Corps 382 18.019 18,191 28.781 23,887 32.092 35,028 43,788 Title VI. Undergraduate instructional assistance. Television end other equipment 5.415 4,9813 2.258 5,884 11,841 3,034 11,797 Special prolamin for disadvantaged relent Search, Special Services. Upward Bound 10 2,497 7,437 44,215 43.983 45,302 74.248 89.881 a ' Higher Education Facilities Act 105.526 461,968 437,387 340,033 212.828 188,284 82.980 70.152

Title I. Public community colleges and techncal institutes and other undergraduate facilities 48,739 317.003 317,227 277,590 180,700 151.088 57.753 38.894 State administration and planning 1.875 5.088 5,981 5,540 7,221 Maw disaster areas 147 200 45 Title II Graduate lemmas 4,220 37,970 Title 111 College constrychon loans .. . 50.892 101.719 114,199 58.802 24,468 8,018 13,462 17.931 Construction loans interest subsidisation 1 39 9,133 11.785 13,627

131145 Table 142. Office of Education expenditures. by 150018111188701178M: Fiscal years 1960 to 1975 Continued I In thousands of dollars!

Legislative progiem 1980 1982 1984 1968 1988 1970 1971 1912 1973 19141 141751.7 1 2 3 4 b 8 1 8 9 10 11 12 Vocational education/1 . 45.179 51.782 54.603 128.468 255.234 285,568 370,954 430,722 518.138 490,527 248.821

Vocational Education Act of 1984. .

Gerespearden and suoglementai aeu.. 45,178 51.162 54,503 118.398 250.197 271,282 328.087 SmithHughes Act . 370,819 446,975 404,502 184.103 Work etude Program and cooperative education .. 10.012 5.021 6.322 innovative Programs in vocational 16,011 24.758 25,635 28.054 19.040 education end research. . . . 1.133 8.801 13.777 National advisory councils .. . 16,376 19,751 12.938 94 271 321 370 State advisory councils ...... 338 . ... 2,218 2.474 2.858 Consumer and homemaking education . 2,685 3.081 61 . . . 500 15.310 19,091 26.197 34.803 20.419 Education professions development.. . 8,683 13,893 13,969 42.147 80,271 104,671 93.541 93,117 88,240 82.585 62,851 Elementary end secondary teacher . honing prograne . 8.683 13.893 13.989 47.147 58,387 72,924 Preschool, elementary, and secondary 83.078 69.641 73.445 12,234 56,053 training grants to States ...... 21.500 Higher education Ironing programs .. 22.525 13.552 6.403 2,875 1,438 .... 1,884 10,247 7,939 9,924 8.392 7.476 5,380 Public Library Services and Construction --- Act 8,068 6,932 7.443 40,915 82.017 52.887 52,270 54,086 45.782 82,214 40,311 r Public Weary services ...... 8.056 6,932 7,443 25,000 34,306 Construction 33.489 37,637 44,284 37,168 64,042 28,656 15.915 26.815 17,527 Interlibrary couPnalion 12.788 7,184 5,818 13,149 5,260 ...... 1,096 1,871 1,845 2,618 2,696 5,023 8,395 Educational improvenunt for the i I 380 1,191 4.982 15,386 40.955 79,065 85,146 93,138 105,356 96,131 120.783 Education for the handicapped ...... 7,861 31.073 29.280 Teacher education and recruitment. 32,857 35,544 18.324 308 943 2,488 10,448 24.182 31,219 27.368 39,572 Research end innovation I includes 25.305 28,187 24,350 46.2118 deetblind and MOWN centedl . 1.018 3,227 8.377 12,515 20.687 Captioned Rims end Mudge winces .12 18,883 21,584 16,961 32,189 248 1.500 1.691 649 4.258 5,079 Early childhood education . 11,706 9,281 9,878 13,486 .... 2,784 8887 6,732 9A08 12,518 National Defense Education Act . .. . 117,965 158,801 218,338 320.172 370,034 332,898 330.783 392.233 382,735 385,928 357,656 Tine II. Student loans and cenceitetions .. .. 40,326 74.532 111.729 177,394 182.825 194.520 231.708 Tale In. Instructional assistance 287.183 287.075 305,220 397.955 Grants and loanslo 49,848 39.510 56.131 78,175 85.916 58,647 44,847 Tato iv Col*e welcher fellowships 42.829 38,602 44,882 31.850 . 4,820 17,313 19.680 31.974 Title V Guidance. counting. and 60.650 63,518 40.884 53,782 1126.316 1131,788 1111.510 testing ...... 12,670 14.064 13.710 22,017 Title VI. Language deeelheillent I Z 23.093 Language and area centers, Wove ships, and research 10,301 13.382 15,088 12,612 17.550 18,313 13.548 8,858 12.742 14.228 18.331 Research and development . . . .. 5.004 7,461 12,712 31,245 79,955 87,823 114,905 17102,235 13101,003 3357,168 3348.204 Trawling and researan Construction 4,832 6,736 6.939 4,844 ... 333 1,911 Research and development and 'duce. 3,582 13,085 vane media research and 'Insemination (mondee amounts lot raseatch in education renewal pro POsal114 T...s.:.....L04 7,461 12.712 31.245 74.790 79.170 104.394 1584.308

132 146 Table 142. -Office of Education expenditures, by logistativa program: Fiscal years 1960 to 1975 -Continued (In thousands of stoners(

Leglidohvit program 1980 1982 1984 1988 1968 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741 197514

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 I1 12 eNIMINON . Adult Mac educsoon/6 33.8113 28.701 43.484 57 .418 55.971 57,124 75.5137 30,522 Civil rights activities 5,291 7.437 10,1308 19,132 22.315 9.721 3,821 Landgrant colleges 5.052 10.744 14.500 14,500 14.500 21.981 12,690 12.600 18.700 12.200 Consolidated:education grants . 1010.400 Dag Atom ...... 8,918 119313 8,435 5,818 Spec* lamp tummy program training, issewoh and Hu* Irate to American institutions erimitial 8 138 500 857 774 1,749 2.279 1,883 2,877 2,878 Edo/Anima Moacasung feaditiesIT .... 4.183 5.590 12,182 10,069 13,980 15,197 Follow Through 2.024 38.995 46,1369 40.347 India education .... 16,990 37,005 Ernergency school manna ... 51.239 139.899 40.966 193,157 232.985 Wax of Education Warns and expenses, indudmg waned awned and penning and evaluation 11,608 12.684 14,251 25.901 40,908 47,714 68.170 73.645 101.806 119.173 137.182 Middleman evaded accounts . .... 17,745 11.049 Candidata Working Fund-net advances and rambunements .29 -202 ^1.788 -1A26 -9.325 +2.404 -769 -207 -1.889

Expenditures from /math transferred to the Office of Education by other Federal agencies.14 Mamma Development and Nutmeg Actl9 84,777 75,532 99,451 121,461 141,529 128,800 128.711 127.925 Educational wansion team» 1,982 4.883 8,737 0 Mutual exchange ammo (foreign currency/20 1.592 1.434 930 944 873 829 848 Appalachian Regional Development and Training ActI 1 21.753 27.128 37.906 36,840 45,249 42.972 Cuban Ream Program 5.195 9603 9.302 18.990 19,488 19,851 18.110 14.060 11,830 Office of Economic Ofiwortumw23 64881 686 38,234 47,280 78,096 12,032 Consolidated Working Fundwross outlay 82 3.069 2,20u 10,515 11.395 6,185 513.000 3.377 2,070 2,381

I Estimated. 15 Includes transfers to the National Institute of Education. Program detail not 2 Champs in program amounts may Wiest than prepaid "consolidated wadable. education grants" for 1975 1$1,910400.000) that include amounts for 14 Includes amounts for college library Improvement and vocational Werth in disadvantaged MI.260.800.0001, Pundit:aped 11138.2000013), innovation addition to other R. & 0. funds. 1585.000.0010.supporting onvices($88.100.000). vocational education 12 Includes **Nutrition and Health." 19382.000,0001. and 'duds 1986,300,0001. 16 Includes amounts for adult vocational education sad adult 3 TIN VI for education of OW handlcelMed is not Included tree but is included vocationdeduation teacher training. under "Educe:47nel improvement for the handicapped" "Nutrition and 17 Amounts for this activity supported with tsandened funds prior to 1860. Health" Included in "Hassid+ and Devadomant." 15 Arnaura listed below are not Included in the Office of Education expenditure 4 includes some 'Wintery eimendory school axpendlams horn expired weds. accounts 10 Includes amounts for Area Redealopment Act. 5 Indudes Tide X, National Calera ;demotion Act INDEA). 20 Includes Educational Eschew. Amounts for comae library inmeomment we included under research and 21 Funds ttansfewed prior to 1967 ant included in the Consolidated Working deeln0Pmlin Fund.Since1972,alsoincludesDeveioomentnalltios. Economic Includes BIM Educational Opportunity Diann. Development Assistants. Department of Commerce: Ragland Development ° Amounts for vocational tesearch are included under 1131111tCh end development. Programs. Regional AGEISM Planning Convnissiy: and Military Construction, 9 Includes funds for Veda training institutes later 1989/ provided under the Army. National Poundedon on the Arts and the Humanities Act and NDEA. 22 Some 0E0 transfers also included in the Consolklaqd Working Fund 10 Includes assistance under MO National Foundation on the Arts and this Humanities Act. SOURCE: Compiled by the Nations) Comer for Education Statistics and the II Includes "Bander" fellowships. Office of Administration. Office of Education. U.S. Department of Health, 12 Includes Fulltinghtiris Act. Education, and men.

1.87 Table 143. - Federal obligations to Wrinkles and colleges, by agency and by State:Fiscal year 19721 I In thousands of dollars)

Department or agency

State Department Atomic Department Environmental Health, Edu Deportment National National Of Total of Energy of Proration cation, and of the Aeronautics Science Otheri other wea Agnculture Commission Defense Agents Welfare Interior end Space Foundation Administration 00 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 Total $5,207,214 8238,556 8704,299 $442,843 823.284 $3,837,419 $24.395 $330,298 $500889 $105,838 Alabama 74,176 8.269 70 1,658 116 58,333 436 1,874 2.108 2,167 Alaska 10.902 1,060 247 3,097 118 2,148 232 670 Adeona 2,805 527 45,009 2,387 382 2,469 199 23,600 337 1,821 13,285 Arkansas 880 27,544 8,012 88 0 38 20895 182 29 101 California 1,021 895.559 8,151 228.790 37.821 2.192 298,689 1,820 230,129 78,457 11,810 Colorado 83,140 2,828 1,050 4,902 389 40.760 1,825 3,972 Connecticut 30862 2,858 69,897 1,821 3,013 3,032 80 53,268 228 527 7,376 853 Delaware ...... 7,612 1,461 13 245 74 3,541 100 30 2,058 0 Dntnct of Columbia 108.149 811 174 4,117 436 93.628 88 1,453 2,857 Florida 4,988 102.154 4,883 1,818 8,175 1.600 89,199 320 874 12,400 5,601 Georgia 70,529 8.055 931 3,044 359 50,064 293 876 5,672 1,238 Hawaii 22.930 1.378 834 1,641 0 11,540 104 2.198 3,758 1,528 Idaho . 7,8138 1,980 18 223 0 4,747 0 Minas 382 680 0 381,171 8.951 190,801 8.877 1,203 118,739 348 4,160 28.883 1,781 Indiana 81,014 5,869 2.562 2,741 440 48.888 628 1,941 18,482 2,806 lows 57.015 5,888 7.789 785 202 36,881 428 1,829 3.787 690 Kansas 41,020 3,819 877 610 72 31,502 222 820 3,178 220 Kentucky . 42,801 8,494 40 296 17 31,483 242 640 100 Lowsiena 1,390 58.028 5,948 231 1,070 329 44.1130 125 713 4,005 1,427 Maine 8.877 1,987 28 77 5.668 107 0 833 188 Maryland 197,809 3,312 3.014 102.400 183 68,464' 160 6,252 8,628 Massechusens 8,448 371,758 2,876 13,220 143,979 1,600 130,693 538 25,585 46,084 7,323 Michigan 141,409 8,681 4.244 9.062 1,128 93,572 308 5,810 18,198 Minnesota 4,818 78.318 6,479 1,440 2,066 756 88,108 554 2,690 5.323 Mississippi 4,013 40.905 7.959 20 208 538 28,475 127 313 2,731 539 Missouri 93,450 7,108 357 2.358 102 75.915 358 1,180 6,249 786 Montana 12,973 2,428 71 72 285 8,524 440 95 1,081 0 Nebraska 27,081 3,781 48 78 es 21,321 238 199 1,113 315 Nevada 8,978 1,098 371 288 289 3,248 1,029 10 601 48 New Hampshire 18,852 1,312 so 260 so 11.908 100 721 1,720 624

New Jenny 75.900 2.854 10,358 3,837 489 45848 172 3,006 8,246 1,881 New Mexico 185,775 2,158 128,328 6,523 28 24,080 483 2,132 1,905 1,138 New York 487,403 7872 78.853 17,017 1,819 283,0139 693 7,523 North Caroline ..... 64.246 8,712 130.693 11,082 1,540 3,090 1,091 98,793 237 485 10,440 3,915 North Dakota 14,781 2.395 4 100 48 9,888 1,790 18 439 106

Ohio 134,184 7,605 1,401 11,037 1,013 99,848 388 1,613 9,883 3,038 Oklahoma 38,595 5,098 57 1,784 421 28,998 283 958 2.796 223 Oregon 51,803 2,087 884 1,718 881 35.938 258 504 8,648 2,309 Pennsylvania 210,990 8,145 3,856 10.880 1,120 152,384 1,230 2,120 23,879 1,698 Rhode Island 21,871 1870 807 2,048 195 9,841 216 204 6,144 1,349 South Carolina 35,306 6,019 58 609 380 28,489 187 101 1,614 71 South Dakota 18,279 2,343 43 108 52 11,483 1,104 11 1.103 35 Tennessee 92,200 7,802 8.888 953 171 70,458 378 411 4,890 641 Texas 189,828 12.787 2,800 9,854 744 135,000 899 7,827 13,750 8,387 Utah 47.370 1,812 1,604 4,420 397 30,249 1,358 1,104 6,188 1,340 Vermont 13,436 1,410 21 378 se 10,1398 100 15 801 Virginia 148 68,918 8.909 911 10,818 113 41,739 475 2,8513 4,374 1,124 Washington 97,473 3,533 2.737 7,303 818 80.771 410 980 12,389 2,532 West Virginia ...... 29,339 3,870 0 75 294 18,485 811 57 7,059 Wisconsin 1,088 97.065 6,474 2,846 923 88,282 380 2.482 10,934 6,081 Wyoming 7,372 1,273 84 584 110 3,345 912 101 983 0 Guam 493 0 0 0 42 442 0 0 9 0 Puerto Rico 31,684 6,697 IWO 0 0 17,958 loo 0 4.892 0 Virgin Islands ...... 562 53 0 0 492 0 0 14 3

Dollars reflect actual obligations of 14 Federal agencies during the fiscal year, Development, Department of Labor. Department of Transportation, Agency for 'wordless of when funds were went by a recipient institution, Including international Development, and Office of Economic Opoortunity. federally funded research end development centers administered by univeisitles and Wimps. Excludes repayable loans to students and institutions as well as SOURCE: Notional Science Foundation, NSF 74-305, Federal Support to amounts for Fedora, employe* Veining. Chilvenitles Colledes. end Selected Nonprofit InstItudom Fiscal Year l 97Z 2 Includes Department of Cummerce. Department of II.sing and Urban

134 148 Table 144. Federal funds obligated by the Office of Education. by program area and by State; Fiscal year 1973 (In thousands of dollen(

State Elementary. Education Occu Patients!. Education or secondary for the vocational. Higher personnel Library other we Total aducistiont handicapped end adult education development resources OtheA education

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9

Tool 64.730.107 82.808.658 8130.097 9560.032 8981,861 8114A92 $53,209 $72,760 .----.... .4 Alabama 102,550 62.442 2.297 12,1ee 21,759 1,797 890 1.197 Alaska 41.293 36.041 465 1,321 2.015 551 389 611 Arizona 58.927 37,580 1,611 5,716 10,955 1,719 897 289 Arkansas 55.130 38,895 788 8,305 10.212 888 511 533 California 443,681 270.207 11238 43,683 97.959 12.427 3.472 4,718

Colorado 68.906 32.322 3.473 6,905 14,218 2.637 834 8,718 Connecticut 49,219 26.003 1,1384 GAO 11,994 1,790 719 1,346 Delaware 14,228 8,239 370 1,751 2810 192 444 322 District of &Mumble 44.426 21.417 5203 3,038 9.144 1,897 509 2,721 Florida 133.593 80,493 3,551 11,066 27,549 3,266 1.664 1,405

Monis 124844 80,994 2,310 14,907 22.121 2825 1.057 630 Harall 26.445 18.092 393 2,895 4,368 343 540 116 Idaho 18,080 9.363 523 2,878 3.918 525 364 619 Illinois 194,581 110.845 4,485 24.065 48,578 3,098 2,149 1,591 Indians 76.912 34,007 2.673 13.933 21.309 2,124 1,311 1,558

Iowa 52.483 22,959 2.982 7,838 15.693 1,374 820 820 Kansas 50.481 24.913 2.853 8.482 12.502 UM 718 1,118 Kentucky 81873 49,594 2,258 10,888 15.157 2,184 1.111 693 Louisiana 93.068 56,159 1.200 12,427 19,641 2,238 732 773 Maine 25.530 12.084 617 3.453 7.494 914 438 580

Maryland 91,241 e9,662 1887 9829 18,089 1.108 900 1888 Massachusetts 118.000 56.946 4,714 13,605 34,894 2.993 1.444, 1.604 Michigan 159.028 88,809 4,888 21,491 38.919 3880 1801 1,713 Minnows 75,287 34,850 3,840 10.548 21.321 1.881 1,151 2.178 Mississippi 80.152 52.434 1.077 7.872 16,711 1,191 708 181

Missouri 84.739 44,880 2,184 12,977 20.598 1.604 1,414 1.102 Montana 23.049 12.882 414 2,707 5,206 914 387 859 Nebraska 34.769 19,709 782 4.448 7.629 1,314 529 348 Nevada 12.468 6.915 578 1.488 1.985 887 312 291 New Hampshire 18887 6,687 364 2832 5,288 288 603 257

New Jersey 125869 81.023 1.914 15.717 21,374 3.138 1,329 1.368 New Mexico 49813 31316 2,118 3.789 8.183 2,778 685 788 New Volk 468.449 321,219 12,103 37.112 73,788 9,064 3891 11,472 North Cooling 151.722 94.368 3.509 11228 31.733 2.358 1,472 1.056 North Dakota 22,715 12,230 581 2,440 8,918 683 478 385

Ohio 158,101 78,293 4406 27,274 40.563 4,905 2,209 2.417 Oklahoma 85,224 37.798 1,293 7,921 14.738 2,224 904 348 Oregon 47.835 21,477 4.071 6.448 12,990 1.000 882 987 Pennsylvania 224290 138.859 LOW 20.648 42,804 4,068 2.238 2,182 Rhode Island 24,778 14,349 596 3,020 5.188 519 487 819

South Carolina 84,019 56,110 1,574 9,499 14,156 1.0415 1,111 528 South Dakota 26249 16.163 434 2.843 6,208 1.498 368 940 Tennessee 94,665 54,557 2.478 12.790 20,359 2,723 910 849 Texas 276.963 175,191 6.706 33,993 48,036 7843 2,122 2,283 Utah 30.032 15,9133 1.758 4.013 7,358 388 383 139

Vermont 12,384 4824 549 1,895 3.750 258 387 943 Virginia 1313428 94)383 2.628 14,244 20.286 2.888 1,211 840 Ihtshington 74,430 39,582 1882 8,977 18,737 2,482 836 1,851 Vint Vkginie 40.712 22844 788 5,931 9833 804 529 403 Wisconsin 76,834 29.679 2,529 12.148 27.280 2.304 1,402 1,314 WyonIng 11.230 6,887 528 1,684 2,093 613 312 393 Oidlyine sow

American Sonar 1,347 646 112 173 32 37 74 174 Guam 8.073 4.736 122 382 ger 38 03 38 Nano Rico 85.458 43,738 LOIS 9,681 9.470 794 843 190 Trust Territory of taw Pacific Isiords 2,590 1,987 122 410 4 37 80 Virgin Islands 3,928 2,740 152 264 628 52 61 .44 _ Includes ESEA Titles I, 11, 111, V. and VII; NDEA Title 111; Follow Through; postsecondary innovation. School Asthma* in Federally Affected Areas; and Emergency School Aid. Includes amounts for educe:eon broadcasting facilities. Sesame Stmt. drug SOURCE: Complied by do National Center for Education Statistics. U.B. duos education. Right to Rod. environmental education, nutrition and holith, Department of Health. Education, and Wars, from Office of Education Budget dropout prevention. education statistics, national adrift:swans studies. and Division tabulations.

135 149 Table 1411. Office of Education funds obligated forinstructional materiels and equipment, by program: Fiscal year 1973 tin thousands of dollars!

InfINC11001MMIIIIIIIS Instructional equipment ...... Program Total Printed andPub. Audio- Audio. Other NAM materials visual visual materials Books Other 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 Total 11403,615 $112.669 $135A117 $10A80 $47373 $109,699 Elementary and secondary education activities. Assistance for educationally daybed children !Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Title 11 50.100 5.100 School library materials !Elementary and 25.000 7.000 5.000 18,000 Secondary Education Act. Title III 85.000 42.500 .... 42,500 Supplementary educational centers and services .... :elementary and Secondary Education Act. Tide 1111 11,558 3,218 4,824 Instructional assistance (National Defense 2.680 870 288 Education Act, Title 1111 48A00 7,500 .... 5.700 19A00 13.800 Educatonal broadcasting feciliels 22,041 Civil rights advisory services 13,000 9,041 918 304 408 Environment education 204 102 557 .... 508 49 Occupational, vocational, and adult education 102.898 19.535 21,808 3.385 3,380 64.790 Improvement of undergraduate instruction !Higher Education Acs) 12,500 1,010 1,000 .... 4,000 8,500 Library and community services: Public library services 18.800 10.800 1,200 3,000 Library resources !Higher Education Act, 800 1,200 Title III 12405 8.885 550 2.970 Education for the handicapped: Captioned films for the deaf and media serve es 875 40 55 430 150 .... Emergency school assistance 33,883 13,889 10,334 8,b70 1.070 .... SOURCE: Special tabulation by the Budget Division, Office ofPlanning. Budgeting. and Evaluation, Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare.

136 150 CHAPTER V Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States

This chapter consists of a collection of miscel- ways and for different years, andthe enrollment laneous tables which do not fit readily into one of the groupings by level are not strictly comparable from other chapters. They were selected because they are one country to another. closely related to education in the United States and The third group of tables contains data from the are of general interest. They are arranged in sixmajor National Center for Education Statistics on public categories: (1) Employment status and job oppor- libraries, college and university libraries, Federal tunities of persons completing educational programs libraries, and public television stations. Also included and of school dropouts, (2) international education, are data from Publisher's Weekly and theLibrary (3) library and public television statistics, (4) research Journal on trends in the prices of books and and development, (5) equal educational opportunity, periodicals. A table providing Bureau of Labor and (6) National Assessment of Educational Progress. Statistics estimates of the number of librarians in the Included in the first group of tables are data from country has been included again this year. the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the employment of The fourth group of tables relates to the general recenthighschoolandcollegegraduatesand area of research and development.Included is a table dropouts. Other tables provide information from the showing the number and median salary of scientists CollegePlacementCouncil onsalariesoffered on the NationalScience Foundation's National candidates for bachelor's,master's, and doctor's Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel by degrees. field and by type of employer. Other tables, utilizing The section on international education contains data obtained from the National Science Foundation, InstituteofInternationalEducationdataon show the amounts and sources of funds used for American college students and college faculty abroad research and development. Additional information on and on foreign students enrolled in American institu- Federal funds for research and development may be tions of higher education. A related table, showing found in chapter IV. the number of foreign students attending college in The next group of tables presents statistics from each State in fall 1972, appears in chapter III of this the Commissioner's report on Equality of Educe- report. Two other tables provide statistics from the donal Opportunity, released by the Office of Educa- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural tion in 1966, and from recent data distributed by the Organization (UNESCO) on population and school Office of the Secretary of Health, Education, and enrollment for the world, the continents, and selected Welfare. countries. The figures in these latter tables show The final group of tables was derived from the general magnitudes only, but they are suitable for NationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress. making rough comparisons among countries. The Summary data are presented on the performance of enrollment estimates were prepared in a variety of persons in various age groups in the areasof writing, citizenship, science, reading, literature, and music.

137 1St Table 146. - College enrollment and labor force status of 1973 high school graduates. by sex. color, and maritalstatus of women: United States. October 1973 (Numbers in thousands)

Civilian non Civilian tabor orce institutasnel Item Not in population As percent Unemployed labor Number of Employed Number Percent force population Number As percent of civilian labor force 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Both sexes

Total 3,059 100.0 60.2 1.008 232 12.8 1,219 Who le ...... 2,707 88.b 1,653 81.1 Negro and other races . 1,473 180 10.9 1.054 352 11.5 187 53.1 135 52 27.8 185 Enrolled in condor . 1.425 46.6 523 38.7 453 70 13.4 902 Pull-hrnr 1.341 43.8 456 34.0 Perttime 38 68 14.9 885 84 2.7 67 79.8 66 2 111 17 Nut enroved in comp 1.634 53.4 1,317 80.6 1,155 182 12.3 317 Men

Total 1.458 100.0 948 84.8 844 101 10.7 513 Enrolled ai Lunette 730 50.1 288 39.5 Not mooned in CdIftgff 39 13.5 442 128 49.9 657 90.2 82 9.4 71 Women

Total 1,801 100.0 696 65.9 131 14.8 708 Enrolled , iiiiege 695 43.4 235 33.8 Not enrolled college 31 13.2 480 908 58.8 66t 72.8 100 16.2 248 Sulu 732 45.7 562 76.8 Married .iirt other nuntal status= 479 83 14.8 170 174 10.9 98 56.3 81 17 17.3 78 Percent nut shown where base is less then 75.000. ay. Because of rounding, detads may not add to totals. 2 Includes wicluvwd, divorced, and separatedwoman. SOURCE. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of NOTE. Data are for the civilian nomnstitutional population 16to 24 years of Labor Statistics, Special Labor Force Report, Employment or SehoolAge Youth, October1971

138 152 Table 147. -Employment status of 1973 high school graduates not enrolled in college and of 1972 -73 school dropouts, by sex, color, and marital status of women: United States, October 1973

(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian non institutional Civilian labor force Not in labor force populahor Item As percent Unemployed Number Percent Number of Employed Total In special population Number As percent of schools civilian labor force

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1973 high school ()Memo not enrolled In college

Total 1,834 100.0 1.317 80.8 1.166 1E12 12.3 317 102

Men ...... 728 44.8 657 90.2 595 62 9.4 71 14 Women 906 55.4 680 72.8 580 100 16.2 246 88 Single 732 44.8 562 78.8 479 83 14.8 170 (1I Married and other mental status2 174 10.6 98 66.3 81 17 17.3 76 (11

White 1.406 86.0 1.158 82.4 1,041 117 10.1 247 91 Negro and uther races 229 14.0 159 69.4 114 45 28.3 70 11

1972- 73 school dropouts3

Total4 784 100.0 519 66.2 404 115 22.2 266 27

Men 442 58.4 358 81.0 272 86 24.0 84 19 Women 342 43.6 181 47.1 132 29 18.0 181 8 Single 227 29.0 120 52.9 96 24 20.0 107 8 Married and Odin =neat status2 116 14.7 41 35.7 38 5 (5) 74 -

White 808 77.8 422 69.4 332 90 21.3 188 20 Negro and other rams 176 22A 97 55.1 72 25 25.8 79 7

I Date nor available. NOTE. -Date are for the civilian noninsintaianal population 16 to 24 years at 2 Includes widowed, divorced. and separated women. 3 Persons who dropped out of school between October 1972 and October 1973. 4 h. addition, 128,000 persons 14 and 15 years old dropped out of school. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Spacial Labor Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. Force Report. Employment of &boob Age lima% October 1973.

139 571-503 0 - 75 - 10 153 TabIe149.-Maior occupation groups of employed high scliodgraduates not enrolled in college, by year of bleb school graduation. and of school dtePoulc, by year last attended school, by sex: United States,October 1973

(Percentage distribution of persons 16 to 24years of age)

Y Graduates of - Mater occupation soup and sex Dropouts last attended school- 1971 1972 1973 1971 1972 1973 2 3 4 5 8 7 MEN

All occupation groups: Number !thumb) 824 810 598 241 216 180 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Professional. technical, and kindred waken 4.4 3.0 Manners end ad ministrators. except farm 2.0 0.8 1.9 1.3 4.3 3.3 2.0 2.5 Sales workers 5.5 52 4.4 1.7 1.3 Clerical and kindred workers 8.5 7.0 Craft and kindred workers 6.2 3.7 42 2.6 22.3 22.8 17.8 20.4 Operatives, except transport 19.8 22.8 11.9 Transport equiperent operatives 27.9 298 27.3 28.2 6.3 8.7 4.7 8.2 8.5 Laborers. except farm 18.1 18.4 6.0 Private household workers 21.2 27.3 23.1 25.8 Service workers. except private household 5.7 Farmers and farm mews /.) 9.1 6.2 10.2 13.2 1.3 .2 Farm laborers and supervisors 3.8 1.3 2.3 4.4 7.0 8.1 11.3 WOMEN

AOoccupation groups: Number ithomaneb) 792 607 560 100 111 71 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Professions% technical, and kindred workers 4.3 2.8 2.9 09 Managers old ademnistrators. except farm 1.3 1.0 Sales workers .4 5.9 8.4 10.2 6.0 Clerical end kindred workers 52.1 3.9 53.3 47.8 20.0 18.2 Craft and Snicked workers 1.0 13 Operatives. .cept transport .7 23 13.4 11.5 13.1 Transport equipment operatives 21.0 30.0 Laborers. except farm 2.0 1.1 1.6 1.6 Private household workers 8.0 18 1.9 3.3 32 7.0 11.8 Service WOMOVI. except Wynn) household 18.6 Fannin and farm managers 19.9 30.0 31.8 Farm laborers and superman .3 . .2 .4 6.0 .9els 1 Percent not shown where base is lass than 75.000. SOURCE: U.S. Department or Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Special Labor Fora Report No. 168, Employment of Nth School Graduate. and Dropout; NOTE.- Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. October 3973.

Table 149.-0a55110555 groups of employed deem ne19101101, by sex: United States, October1971 - (Percentage distribution' . Occupedon group Both Men Women Occupation group sexes Both Men Women sexes 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Total: Number fin thousands) 1.024 599 429 Managers and administrate's, except farm Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 23 3.2 1.7 Sales workers 7.1 11.3 1.7 -..-Cleric.: cod kindred workers 11.9 7.1 182 Professional aid technical workers 69.6 662 74.1 . Secretaries, stenographers. end typists...... 2.6 8.1 Engineers 6.3 11.1 2 ... Life and physical scientists Other clerical workers 9.3 7.1 12.1 .8 1.3 2 \i IL iseenn occupations 5.3 4.7 6.1 Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers 1.9 3.4 Social scientists 2.1 2.1 22 . . . Teachers. college and university Operatives end kindred workers 19 2.8 .5 3.7 5.4 13 Laborers. except farm end mine Teachers, except college 33.5 20.8 .8 1.6 ...... ,493 Farmers and farm laborers .6 1.1 Engineering and science technicians 1.1 1.1 1.0 Service workers Other professional, technical, and 3.6 3.4 39 kindred workers 18.8 19.7 13.1 . Osta are for persons under age 35 in the civilian naninstitutionelpopulation SOURCE: U.S.DepartmentofLabor.Bureau ofLaborStatistics, in October 1971 who received badhelor's or advanced degrees in 1970or Employment of Recent College Graduates. October 3973. 1971 and who were not enrolled In school full time in October 1971.

140154 Table 150. - Relationship of work of degree recipients' to major field of study, and reason for working In a job not directly related tofield: United States, October 1871

(Percentage distribution]

Sex of recipient Type of degree Major field of study Relationship and All meson Total All Business Social Men Women BP.:haloes other or Education Humanities sciences other commerce

10 11 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9

RELATIONSHIP OF WORK TO FIELD

Total employed: Number lin thousands) 1924 599 425 798 2258 178 258 140 198 250 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Directly related 58.1 54.5 83.3 52.0 ... 51.2 77.9 44A 35.1 87.6 Not directly related 419 45.5 38.7 48.0 ... 48.8 22.1 55.6 649 32.4 20.2 Somewhat related 19.0 219 14.8 19.7 ... 35.9 8.3 24.4 13.8 Not elated 229 23.6 219 28.3 .. . 129 13.8 31.1 44.7 18.6

MAIN REASON FOR WORK NOT DIRECTLY RELATED

Not directly Meted: Number lin thousends1 429 273 156 369 261 87 57 78 128 81 Percent .. 100.0 100.0 1009 100.0 PI 100.0 (31 Imo 100.0 100.0 r- _ Only lob could find 44.0 339 61.4 44.5 ... 37.7 . .. 38.8 43.4 39.7 Better opportunities for advancement than in major field 12.0 18.4 .7 12.1 ... 18.2 . .. 10.3 11.5 8.2 To see if tiked kind of work 12.0 13.5 9.3 11.5 .. . 15.8 . 11.8 14.2 11.0 Did not want to work in field 5,7 4.1 8.8 4.8 11.8 8.8 5.5 All other 262 30.2 20.0 27.0 .. . 28.6 ... 299 22.1 36.6

Data me for persons under age 35 In the civilian nonInstitutional 2 Original source revised by Office of Education. population in October 1971 who received bachelor's or advanced degrees 3 Percent not shown where base N less that. 75,000. In 1970 or 1971 and who were not enrolled in school full time in October 1971. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. ErriPloYmtbrof Recent College Graduates October 1971.

Table 151. -Ames monthly salary offers to male candidates for the badmior's degree, by field of study: United States, 1968 -89 to1973 -74

Percent increase

1968-69 1972-73 to 1989-88 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 to Field of study 1973-74 1973-74

5 8 7 8 9 1 2 3 4

Busman and commerar 21.6 4.3 $761 $838 $846 $854 $887 $925 Accounting 757 800 17.8 8.9 Busman. generel linduding management) 687 721 718 728 anon/wino: 4.3 811 850 860 884 920 060 18.4 Aoonowno 8.3 849 902 920 928 982 1.042 22.7 Manic& 967 21.3 6.5 Civil 797 837 850 END 908 888 931 888 19.4 5.9 Electrical 828 869 877 871 978 21.9 8.3 Indunnal 802 849 866 903 820 987 881 894 927 1.001 22.1 8.0 modunice, 921 1,003 23.7 8.9 Metallugicei 811 873 858 881 1722 121 Of 702 1.718 Humanities 1 667 } 700 1ess 1 17138 pi Pi Waal scums 740 lea 5.7 Mu Wong and distribution 600 702 693 708 7P2 Samos: 789 152 8.9 Agricultimel mania 698 705 700 694 739 121 III 01 Chen say. mathematics. and phyla 784 809 794 795 833 775 825 nig 783 843 891 182 5.7 Chemistry 878 12.7 72 Ma tanstics 779 794 787 795 819 Of 121 131 Muds 803 827 826 818 876 SOURCES: College Placement Council Salary Surveys, A Study of 1969- 70 1 Data collected separately. Besbuttnit Offers by Business and Industry: end A Study of 1973-74 Beginning 2 Oath not avedable. Wm by nunnYnt and btandry. 1Coadight 1970 end 1974. respectively. by the NOTE.-Data are based on int ormation supplied by more than 100 participating College Placement Council. Inc.. Bethlehem, Po. All tights reserved.) colleges and universities throughout the country.

141 zss Table 152. -Ammo monthly Wavy often to male and fowls candidates for master's and dodoes deems, by field of study: UnitedSUM. 1972-73 to 1973-74 ......

Master's *greet Dodoes degree F teld of study Percent Percent InCtein. Increase, 1973-732 1973-74 1972-73 to 1972-73 1973-74 .. 1972-73 to 1973-74 1973-74 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 Business adminntratinn industries management. til commerce. After nontechnical undergraduate degree 51.109 111.181 Auer technical undergraduate degree 8.5 131 (3) (31 1.175 1,235 5.1 (3) (3) (3) Engineering Chemical 1,093 1.172 Crini 7.2 $1.438 $1,550 1,020 1,102 7.8 Electrical 8.0 1298 1.428 9.9 1.01313 1,149 Industrid 7.8 1.509 1.551 1,062 1,120 28 6.5 (3) (3) Machsnical 1.069 1,138 (31 8.5 1,418 1.479 4.3 Sciences. Aviculture and Mend sciences 915 950 Chemistry 3.8 (3) (3) 980 1.050 (3) Computer science 7.1 1.348 1,411 4.8 1.064 1,120 3.3 Meth/mules 975 (31 (31 (3) Physics 1,042 8.9 1,475 1,341 1.052 1.088 -9.1 3.5 1,390 1,409 1,4 Data are for men and women with 1 WV or less of full.tirne.noarnlllary employment. SOURCE: College Piscernent Commit WertSUMP/. A Study of 1973-74 &abaft wpm by &ahem mad beanstry. (Copyright 1974 Date taken from speed tabulation combining men's end women'soffers. by the College Date not available. Placement Council, Oetblehant, Pa. AU sou reserved.)

NOTE. -Oils are lased on ink:melon supplied bymom than 100 Protlidellstene =WOW and universities throughout the cournM.

Tale* 151-UnIted Sum Mhos facultyduo* by combY and by Sold of Intone: 1972-73 Tale 154.-United Rata sons. students abroad, bycountry and by fisld of Inmost 1971-72

College abroad Country and field of inmost College Country andfielded @brood Pander Ream Ouch Number Percent 1 2 3 2 3 Total 100.0 Teal 22111 100.0 Country: United Kingdom rmmtry: 1,133 Caddo Odriony. Federal Republic of 432 11.617 10.0 Frame OA France 6,291 18.4 Italy 394 6.0 duke 241 4,373 12.8 Israel 3.7 United Kingdom 164 2.5 US7 8.6 Gummy. Fader& Republic of 2.176 SA Medea 153 Sputa 2.3 Itdy 1.768 150 2.3 Soda 5.1 Jam 1,7313 144 3.2 6.1 India land 1.307 128 1.9 18 Prdtzerland Minima 1.0811 121 1.8 .1spen 32 1.085 3.2 as 1.5 Asserts Beth= 852 97 1.5 Switzerland 2.5 Australis 96 723 2.1 Netherlands 1.5 Colombia 90 1.4 Lateran 1.7 Conde 329 1.5 Other countries 1.4 Varian City 382 3.0m 46.5 Other countries 1.1 2,644 7.4 Raid of inured: Humenities Field of study: 20 1 30.4 tiodel edemas Hurnmities 15,162 1A.011 21.4 Sodel mignon 44.3 Physical and We sciences 1.112 4248 14.5 Medical minim 16.9 Nailed mime 491 7.5 3.715 10.9 education Phydeal and Ufa sciences 1.830 421 GA 4.5 Budrassehniabvation 514 1.5 Agriculture 378 Engineering 5.7 education 476 276 4.2 engirawing 1.4 Wilms administration 199 415 1.2 Other or field unknown 3.0 Agriculture, 303 4.6 78 .2 Otlw Odds 7283 212 NOTE.-Beesuse of rounding, meantime do not addto 100.0. NOM.' Be=t1 of rolindloS women do not add to 100.0. SOURCE. institute of inteniationel Education. NaveYork, Open Doom 1973. SOURCE: inedtute of Intemational lidumtlen. New `fedi,Open Dam197.8

142 1&6 Table 155.Number of foreign students enrolled in Amerimn institutions of higher education, by arm of origin, major field of interest, and academic status: 1972-73

Area of origin Miner field of .merest and acadernii. sh00% Total Near and Latin North Stateless Fe East Middle East Europe* America Anna:al Africa Oceania U.S.S.R. or country unknown

2 3 4 5 8 1 8 9 10 11

All heeds 146.097 53.662 19,202 16237 28.383 9,885 11,485 2,107 59 5,277 mama Agriculture 3.382 1.182 293 228 780 274 430 57 118

179 130 17 21 Undergraduate... 1.049 203 85 56 358 Graduate ...... 2.206 934 200 181 393 93 289 39 97 Other3 107 45 8 11 29 2 11 1

Business administration . 19,597 8.117 2.103 1,982 4.015 877 1.932 311 260

139 U n d e r g r a d u a t e . . .. 12.204 4,858 1.332 722 3.228 688 1.318 221 109 Graduate . .... 6.848 3.245 711 1.213 654 273 558 es 5 12 Other3 . . 547 214 80 47 135 16 58

Education 7.152 1.957 652 727 1,413 1,439 574 355 135

Undergraduate 2.901 386 117 392 810 768 198 237 5G Graduate 4.065 1.618 423 388 859 647 358 107 75 Others ...... 196 53 12 27 44 28 18 11 5

Engineering 32.147 14,103 7,788 2.482 4,890 667 1.707 118 388 232 Undergraduate 18.903 4.982 5.685 1.102 3.463 418 974 44 3 Graduate 14.130 8.613 1,861 1,298 1,289 235 662 87 1 140 Othsr3 1,114 508 260 82 164 14 71 5 4 16

Humanities 22.872 8,218 2.164 4,287 5,164 2,287 1,304 354 31 1,105

11 783 Undergraduate 12.430 2,858 1.326 1,919 3.335 1,276 729 193 11 278 Graduate 7,889 2.700 5136 1,884 940 882 484 148 9 Other3 2.563 858 272 484 889 109 91 15 46 576 999 108 4 204 Medical sciences ...... 8,279 2,982 789 576 2.047 4 91 Undergraduate 5243 1,940 598 329 1,533 337 741 70 108 Graduate 2,415 966 168 221 483 216 238 37 5 Other3 221 76 19 28 81 23 20 I 274 Physical and life sciences 20,233 10,136 2,143 2,008 2,737 1.046 1.594 292 5

124 1 126 Undergraduate 7.392 2,724 1,013 687 1,487 434 818 141 Graduate 12,388 7,249 1,076 1,285 1,149 598 724 168 3 Othw3 453 183 54 54 101 16 54 3 1 7 5 302 Social sciences 17,848 5.408 2.004 2,419 3.398 1,680 2272 368 185 2 156 Undergraduate 7.381 1,781 717 889 1,881 859 961 142 Graduate 9.803 3.497 1,243 1,455 1225 797 1,076 187 2 1 4 Other3 482 150 44 106 112 24 38 8 7 All other fields 808 173 93 37 218 41 25 14 19 12 4 Undergraduate 447 103 58 25 199 27 Graduate 88 44 18 8 9 4 Otter3 73 28 19 4 13 5 2 1

Field and status unknown 14,201 3.288 1.281 1,513 3.721 142 6 2.484

I Excludes the U.S.S.R. (shown separately In column 101. SOURCE: Institute of International Education, New York, Open Doors. 1973. .? Excludes Mexico end Central America, which ere Included with Latin America. Special students and academic status unknown.

143 Table 156 Numbs of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, byarea of origin. 1954-55 to 1972-73

A. .1u. oint

AsAdUltb. VCdr luta' Ne44 dl Ali ..uti hunt, Stateless Far East Middle Lai Awered: I Atm.. Oceania 1/ S.S.N or country unknown 2 3 4 6 7 I 8 9 10 I1 1'- PTA 55 34.232 n.828 4.410 u,196 8 446 4,714 1,734 337 9 42 56 36.494 11.302 4 Mil 5 '.02 8.414 5 342 1.231 353 2 26 19b5 57 40.886 12,949 5 243 4.996 9.110 5.444 1,424 424 9 67 1%7 58 43.391 14,208 5.495 0.618 9,212 5.354 1.515 495 21 77 19'.8 59 47,245 15,823 8.519 6.601 10,249 5,612 1,735 813 5 89 196u 60 48.486 17.175 7.110 6.362 9,428 5,761 1.969 558 93 15uu 61 53.107 19,222 7.862 6.686 9.628 8.128 2,831 858 78 1%1 62 6E1.088 21,588 8.277 6,8 9,915 6.639 3.930 798 91 19(.7 63 64,705 23,788 8.847 7 888 11,021 7.089 4,998 948 113 1463 64 74,814 26.531 10.131 9.298 12,882 8,548 8,194 1.0130 180 1964 65 ...... 82.045 29.400 11.217 10.013 13,857 6.338 6,855 1,265 206 1965 68 82.709 29,049 11,217 10.188 13,998 9.851 8.898 1.325 147 196,, 67 100.282 33,570 17.830 14.151 18,182 12,230 7,170 '.8313 439 19N7 48 110,315 38,228 12,347 15,488 21,908 12,238 6,901 1.893 1A55 1968 89 121.382 42,832 13,918 16,418 23.438 12,948 8.979 11389 3,125 1969 70 134,959 49,189 15,122 18.473 24,991 13,415 7.807 2,077 51 4,034 1970- 71 144.708 54,247 17,052 18,275 29,300 12,732 8,734 1,995 31 2.342 19/1 -12 140. 126 51,827 17,100 113,168 28.832 10,841 9,592 2,131 53 3,884 19/2.73 1413,097 53.582 19.202 113.237 28,383 9.805 11,4135 2,107 69 5,277

1 Excludes the U S.S.R. (shown seperateiy in column 10). SOURCE: institute ofInternationalEducation. New York, Open Molt. 2 E x, ,udes Mexico and Central America, which are Included with LatinAmerica. 1954-55 to 1973.

NOTEdestining In 1948-87, includes foreign students vitro Intend to remain in the tooted Steen.

Table 157. Estimated population and enrollment, by level, In major areas of the world: 1970 71 Iln thousands)

Population Enrollment' Major area All again 5 to 24 years Alt levels First level Second level Third level of age3 of edueation4 of educations of educations

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 World toed 3,710,700 1.803.017 482,481 343,219 113.197 28,088 Africa 384,000 154.340 37,908 32,388 Asia (excluding U.S.S.R.) 5,075 444 2.104.000 892,145 180.581 139,799 38.343 5.429 Europe (excluding U.S.S.R ) 488,000 147,811 85,821 52.488 28,878 Oceania 4.869 19,700 7,515 4,513 2,909 1,378 228 U.S.S R 245.000 89,478 54,054 40,321 9,152 Western Hemisphere: 4,581 North America/ 327.000 88,091 84.083 33.011 Latin American 21.852 9,200 195.000 128,839 55,581 43,314 10.723 1,524

1 Data are for school year 1970-71. Third levelIncludes collages and universities *et require the successful Date are for mid-year 1971. completion of education at the second level as a minimum entrance require- Data are for mid-year 1970. ment. Adult education enrollments are excluded. 4 First ieval includes momentary school enrollment. the main function of when is / Includes United States. Canada, Bermuda, Greenland.and St. Pierre end to provide basic instruction in the tools of learning. Preschool, kindergarten. Miquelon. and special education enrollments are excluded. 8 Includes all other countries in the Western Hemisphere. Second level includes general. vocational. and teacher-training enrollments at the secondary school level. Entrance to secondary schools requires at least SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation. 4 years' previous instruction at the First level. Special and adult education Paris, Start:deal Yearbook, 1972 enrollments are excluded. Table 168. Estimated tend population end ensolboutt. by Niel. in selected countries of the world: 1970 71

Schnps), enrollment. 1970 -71 Mu -veer 1971 Count,' population Thud level tat thousands) All levels First level Second level of education' of education2 of education I

2 3 4 5 6

Abuts 4 t14.443 ''4..535 Ethiopia 26.248 4709.524 4690446 356.665 14 401 Nigeria 556.510 3.888.794 3.615321 f t .'.132: South Au e.a 22.082 3.160.337 62.548,24 '1540.691 1,448,918 218.1 r6 Egypt. Arab Hinx.11.. 34,130 5,405,747 3.740.651

Asia

China Inbinland) 787.176 99590,000 490.000.000 109,990,000 117,880.102 India 550,374 89,168.236 1149.499.000 2.009.134 1.930,630 236.892 Indonesia 124.894 15562.522 13,395.000 Wed . 3.013 4639.683 4466.079 4134.529 449.018 9,630.815 9.097.162 1584.296 Japan .. 105,611 20,412.573 Korea. earth 14.281 2.000,000 2.000.000 1.935.192 201.436 Korea, Republic of ...... 31.917 7,885.929 6.749.301 43.3313,728 4388,228 Pakistan .. . . 12114.189 412,877,992 48.963.041 6827,104 Plehollmmo 37.969 88.829509 86.700.358 51802.348 8.492 Spud' Arabia 7.885 520,482 422.744 89.226 Thailand 35,335 6.970.957 45482394 4542.248 55.315 Turkey ...... 36,162 6,490,498 5,011,926 1,308,779 169.793 Vietnam. North 21.895 4,500.091 44.600.000 91 Vietnam. Republic of 1318.332 43,078,691 42.376.982 4855.413 447.298

Europe 395,178 59,778 Austria .. 7,458 1359.403 904.448 9,728 1,931,156 81.008444 9847505 75,106 14300 2485.670 1.965448 388.123 131.099 Otechodoveksa 4615,326 France 61.260 9.661.6613 4,939,683 44,106,847 Germany: Federal Repute.: or 59,576 11,190,3513 6,344,774 4,345539 499,946 732488 West Berlin 2,105 7258.523 7122,811 7103,124 139.666 East Germany 17,040 3212,265 2,534,077 819,622 687,079 Italy 54,078 9.351.914 4,841,279 3,823.556 1,230,273 231.187 Netherlands 13,194 2,933.816 1.462.378 Poland 32.749 6,986,666 5,266,970 1.400307 330,789 151,586 Romania 20,470 3.890.293 2.878593 699,715 34.134 6.097480 3.929.569 1,960,496 217.416 SPICA 145631281 United Kingdom 55.568 10522,969 138,047537 133982251 261,203 Yugoilavis 20.550 3,822.265 2,834,581 726.501

Nerds Amelia 481,974 Prude 21.788 6.952.568 3524320 151.656.564 5,733 1,244 Canal Eons . 45 16.223 8.248 218,843 25,898 Cube 8,857 1275.117 1.530,378 414113558 247537 Mexico 50.830 11,270555 49.539,482 274,129 83,073 Puerto Rico 2,757 827560 490438 19,9101200 8.498.117 United States 207,008 60,303,117 31.900.000 4500 1,445 Virgin Islands IU S.A.) 65 19,045 12,900

Oessals 2,300 American Samoa 29 10,400 8.100 12,728 83,013,112 51.768,0130 81.080.524 8184,528 20,102 10,065 2,719 Cesare 90 32,876 188,743 4513353 New Zealand 2.1353 757,870 4514,774

South America 4535,250 3.3135,790 974,828 274.934 Argentine . 23,562 430,473 Brawl ....I48 17.328598 12,812,029 4.083,588 302.084 78.430 Chile 8592 2,423528 2,043532 9592,759 485.339 Colombia . 21,772 3.347.677 42.669.579 680.800 124,700 Peru 14,015 3,448,800 2.684,100 508,936 474,968 Venezuela 5310,399 2.351382 1.769.6130 9.152.000 4.580,642 U.S.S.R 245.0136 54,053.642 40421,000

1 First level includes elementary school enrollment, the main function of which a Date for 1958. is to provide bow instruction in the tools of learning, Presdtool, kindergarten, 9 Data for 1959. and MOM eduction enrollments are excluded. 10 Data few 1958. 2 Second level includes general. vocational, end teachermaining enrollments at 11 Data for 1965. the secondary school level. Entrance to seconcloty schools requires at least 12 Data for 1970. 4 years' previous instruction at 11w first level. Special and adult education 13 Data for England and Wales for 1969, Northern Ireland end Scotland for 1970. enrollments are excluded. 14 Date for England end Scotland for 1969. Northern Irelerld1of 1970. 3 Third level includes colleges and universities that require the successful 15 Second level general education, on*. comPlittion of education at the second level as a minimum entrance requirement. Adult education enrollments are excluded. SOURCE: United Nations Educational. Scientific, and Cultural Date for 1989. Perm Statiadard Yearbook, 1972 5 Previous date probably oversteted. 6 Des for 1983. i Data for 1984.

159 table 169 Broadcast hours of public television stations, by type of programingand by type of licensee, geographic region, and budgetsilo United States and outlying areas, filed year1972

Broadcast Mtge, by type of programing Nvniher it.1 s at I Mal Programing for 1111...1 st4th.itst Prolamine tot ela00111 general audience Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total 207 710,303 100.0 241,806 100.0 468,497 100.0

.1 t...... I: C. edut I ..... 82 193.783 27.3 L eval puttl.e. ie. al 54.156 22.4 139.62/ 29.8 sY 1111% 21 58,233 8.2 State authority.State 26.992 11.2 31.241 8.7 educet.on spoor, outmost authority, and other licensed agencies 67 253.568 35.7 Community organizations . 100,558 41 8 153.300 32.7 57 204.429 28.8 80.100 24.8 144.329 30.8 Geographic region.

Northeast 44 153,854 Central 21.6 45.366 18.7 108.488 23.1 50 187,631 23.6 south 59,455 24.8 108.078 23.1 78 276.363 38.9 West 102.963 42.6 173,410 37.0 29 93,521 13.2 28,993 01,4 mg areas. 12.0 64,628 13.8 6 19,034 2.7 6.039 2.1 13.995 3.0 Adulated budget sire

Under $200.000 17 42,278 5.9 13,221 5.5 29.058 6200.000 5499.999 47 148.165 82 20.9 44.851 18.5 103,603 850000- 5799.999 37 124,472 22.1 17.5 40.096 16.6 84.376 1800.000- 61,999.999 56 201,756 28.4 18.0 52.000.000 anti over 73,314 30.3 128,442 27.4 60 193.841 27.3 70,523 29.1 12'4,118 26.3 I On the air demo the entire fiscalyear.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education. and Welfare. NationalCenter for Education Statistics, and Corporatior. for Public Broadcasting,Summary Statistics of Public TV Licensee& 1972

Table 160. -Rank order of public libraries with 1 million or more volumesin their collections: United States, 1980

Number of Number of Library system Rank volumes Library system Rank volumes order (book stack order (book stock and serials) end uolaW

3 1 2 3

New York Public Library 1 8.235.539 Milwaukee Public Library 14 1)178,610 Chicago Public Library 2 4.087.027 Detroit Public Library 15 1.903.788 Los Angeles Public Library 3 3.538.221 Cleveland Public Library 4 3,210,820 Public Library of Washington. D.0 Brooklyn Public Library 16 1.887.068 5 3,019.652 Public Library of Ft. Wayne and Allen County tlnd.) 17 1.378,448 Los Angeles County Public Library 6 2.952,855 Seattle Public Library Free Library of Philadelphia 18 1.335,010 7 2,623,146 St. Louis Public Library CincInnatiHerngton County 8 19 1.268.644 2,533.155 San Francisco Public Library 20 Boston Public Library 9 2.510.234 1201,149 Owens Borough Public Library (N.Y I 10 2.479,483 Kansas City !Missouri) Pubis.. Library 21 1,136.284 Dayton end Montgomery County Public Enoch Pratt Free Library (Baltimore) 11 2,124,758 Litmus/ (Ohio) 22 1,122,492 Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh 12 2.120.310 Denver Public Library Buffalo end Erie County 23 1.113.087 Houston Public Library 24 1,081,014 Libra: y System 13 12,120.000 Minneapolis Public Library 26 1,078,858 CoYekoga County (Ohio) Public Library 28 1.047,828 I Date are for 1965.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Libroies Serving Areas IAAAt Least 21000 Inhabitant% 196&

146 1.C° Table 181. -General statistics of public libraries serving areas of 25,000 or more population: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1988

Population site group

Total. 25.000 35.000 50.000- 100.000. 500.000 Item Ofmore 25.000 34.999 49.999 99 999 499.999 Or more

6 7 1 2 3 4

1.135 271 335 206 38 Number of libraries' . 286 250 318 198 36 Number of libraries reporting= . 1.057 258 38.167 39,194 Population served ithousands) ...... 117.235 7.678 10,321 21.986

Collections (thousands) 81.282 61.910 Number of volumes3 held at end of year . 191.079 14.996 18.517 34.276 5,803 5,149 Number of volumes.) added during year 16.848 1,317 1.359 3.020 53.629 106.985 196,169 166,421 Total circulation during year...... 580,214 48.041

Staff (fulltime equivalent) 8229 16,602 17,797 Feted positrons ...... 49,887 3.358 3.903 15,457 15.796 Library statf 46.836 3,105 3,604 7.673 4.262 251 558 1,145 2.001 Maintenance staff ......

Operating expenditures (thousands of dollars) $159,874 Total operating expenditures $421.238 $28.718 631.170 $66,697 $137,881 41.304 88.559 106,126 Wages and salaries .. 271,000 15,981 19,050 83.098 96.857 Library staff 251.043 14,868 17,757 38.682 5.481 9.488 Maintenance Staff 19,958 1.093 1,293 2,841 24,202 24,537 Purchase of library materials 72,491 6,417 8.199 12.135 10,765 21,310 21.701 Book stock 64,062 4,837 5.460 4:s20 328 418 781 1,553 1.760 Serials 269 189 Other printed materials 863 58 se 98 1,081 886 Audiovisual materials 194 283 521 12.168 25.119 29,211 All other operating expenditures 77,748 5,337 6.920

1 Problems of definitions and reporting did not permit the data for one NOTE.-Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. average sized State to be included in the survey. 2 The data shown below are for reporting libraries only. SOURCE* U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, National Center 3 includes volumes of book stock and bibliographic volumes of serials only. for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Libraries Serving Areas xflh at Least 21000 Inhabitants. 1048,

Table 162.-General statistics of Federal libraries' : United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1972

National All other Item Total libraries2 Federal libraries3 ...-

1 2 3 4

Number of libraries 2,148 3 2,143

Total volumes, books, and bound periodicals in collection 60.528,718 19,855.360 40,873,388

Circulation 45,018,874 2,393,339 42,823,535

Total operati.ig expenditures $192A20,722 $98,853.223 695,587,499

Salaries and wages 5122,991.027 02,198,868 $80,792,389

Library materials $38,886,258 $11,488 ,488 $27,418.788

Other operating expenditures 30,544,439 23.186,097 7,358,342

Total employees 11,164 4,193 8.981

profeulonat employees 3,248 1,058 2,190

I Date are for the 2,148 reporting 'fixer as out of a total universe of 2,314. 2 Library of Congress, National Lib am of Medicine, National Agricultural Library. 3 Administrative, judicial, and executive branch libraries.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Education Statistics, unpublished date from Survey of Federal Libraries, 1972. 147 61 Table 103. Ittltnated noodle, of lihrmiuml by type of library In which employed and by sex: UMW Stetei, 1980, 1970, and projected toquirementsfor 1980

1960 1970 Employer 1980 - .- Total Men Women Total Men r Women Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 All Wanks 09.9132 9,800 99,100 115,000 19000 91.000 141,000 Elerromew end seconders schools2 1,800 30,800 29.200 52000 3.800 48.400 Colleges end universities 10.400 3,300 64000 7.100 19.000 6.003 12.900 Public lam* 17.700 2,500 28.500 16.200 seam 3.700 23.600 30,000 special libraries 10.000 2,400 7.600 17,000 4.100 13.900 20.000 1 polo* end prim= personnel employedm pennon& terviens. repadlW of Mal of education cormilend. SOURCE; U.S. Deputment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2 Public end nonpublic schools.

Table 164.Selseted stadstke on the oolleadons, staff, and operating expenditures ofImp university libraries: 1971-72

Number Cross Number of Stott Operating exnenditures of number of microform Ifulkinienquivalend . - . Rank volumes volumes unto et Books Salaries Institution order, at end added and of Total end and Other Of year during veer year Total Preto:80mM Mnding wages

1 2 3 4 B 0 7 8 9 10 11 Hen reid University 1 8,707222 387.871 882.471 770 242 $9,222,948 112.327.977 Yale Universi1y2 85.931218 41963,358 2 5.993.858 219,719 839.737 885 181 7.041.476 1,823,518 University of AMMO 4,100.134 1,117,824 3 4,992.391 192,898 484.888 428 180 5,715,813 1,808,972 3,500248 402.295 Columbia University 4 4,148.350 153.308 939.601 est 148 5,958.812 1,3113.408 4,175.428 468,880 University of Miehl011115 5 4.332218 148,828 781.182 481 181 8,184,074 1,518,131 4,205,857 402.288 Univwsity of Cditornia et Berkeley 8 4,153.9313 158,379 082,048 445 182 8.382,024 1,704,009 4,385.458 292,549 Cornell University 7 53.888,1334 130.398 1248.818 444 128 5,837280 1200,119 Stanford Universe 3,833218 404,223 8 3,721 143 159.229 2609.095 401 140 7,034,1357 1,738,454 Indiana University 4.084.783 031,420 9 3244.141 277.838 1312,830 382 158 5,870200 1.989,390 University of Minnesota 3,827,330 273,480 10 3245,740 129,538 718,077 320 157 5,084228 1,591,784 3,311,181 181.381

University of Chicago 11 3,212.298 151.105 278239 277 78 4,079.694 1.248.470 University of When* at Los Angeles 2257,413 276,811 12 3,1134,328 130,818 947,058 407 les 8,331,588 1.502231 4,287,818 481.539 University of Texas9 13 2,734,595 309253 824.295 272 111 4,737,788 2,257,935 2.273.193 206.640 Ohio State UnWetelty10 14 2270,984 138,300 792,390 320 108 4,1013232 1,258.702 300,841 University of Whconein 2.547289 15 2217,790 109,430 844,283 298 93 4,425297 1,425252 2,507,251 493,594 Northwestern Unhersityll IS 2,433.420 135,945 371.831 232 93 3.703.392 1,227299 2,217,110 318,883 Princeton Univerdr/ 17 2,412,871 99,024 438,753 280 84 3.684278 1214,882 2.289.801 179.893 University of Pennsylvenie12 18 2210,933 103,879 881,960 292 101 4,189,810 1,214294 2.888230 287..._188 Duke University 19 2,333.382 110.089 190,480 228 81 3,144202 1,153.474 New York UnkersiF, 1,780,353 210.1men 20 2,175280 107,815 1255,158 399 es 4,053.158 1,152,500 2,700,034 200,924 Johns Hopldin University13 21 1203,113 41,039 574,400 158 48 1.840208 540.485 1.109,763 190,080 University of Waillington14 22 1.938,298 88.148 910.121 335 113 3.092.507 970,228 2228,101 90,118 Univenity of North Carolina 23 1,894,132 83.682 492269 228 82 3,173,787 837,040 Michigan Stets University 2.134,328 202,421 24 12137.230 113,768 482,322 196 78 3,169229 998,848 1,992,027 181,156 University of Virginia 25 1,777,935 83.277 1284,788 225 69 3,383,032 1.432,748 1,890,874 280212 University of lava 213 1.872227 91218 519,137 173 71 2,089.190 1278.042 1,519,428 91,720 Unlitorshy of Pittsburgh" 27 1,884234 128.502 813,418 298 120 3,80058 1,135211 2.358.234 University of Missouri ly 317.313 28 1239284 55.050 1,242.848 149 52 1247,561 743,235 1,063.792 150,534 University of Kamm" 29 1,039,870 72,377 394,845 100 59 2,487,775 817,251 1.484203 208.021 Syracuse University 30 1237.442 102,488 1.800,203 182 48 2,10,581 740,031 1270220 158.521 Rutgers Unimmity la 31 151284259 114232 15583,817 245 .1 4288.480 1,717,890 2229.219 141,371 University of Coloredol6 32 1270,251 71,298 737,9E18 183 ss zeouns toss.= 1218,340 230,029 University of Florida 33 1.550,483 53.398 007,700 297 78 2,748,595 902.034 1.888,164 158,397 Pennsylvania State Univenity24 34 1247,593 115,742 980,125 390 108 4.859.480 1230,795 2,904,800 222,085 University of Southern California145 . .. 35 1,324,660 82,927 859,759 190 72 2,685,475 855254 1294,734 135,087 Southern Illinois University 38 1.519.000 130,478 (21) 123 59 2,402.380 1188,108 1,309,220 104,992

kodtutionf we ranked by the number of volumes at the and of the year 12 Includes Felnburger psychology (column 3). Although this Is a convenient manure of sire, the measures in 13 Data adlusted doenveerd from previous semon bosh of a partial Inventory columns 4-11 torrent equal attention for comparative purposes. amt. 2 Law library b Included for milestone WIN. 1 Includes hew library and Paelflo Northwest Regions! Health Science library. Includes library of hesIth seances at Medical Center, Chicago. 15 includes 4 regional carlithnet Excludes 111,468 volumes end 95,1313 microfilm units of the Dearborn 16 includes MI branch libraries. venous library, which hod been Included through 1970-71. 12 In:ludas Medical Cm my libraries In Kansas City. 5 PhysicalcountPreviousdata were bred on a combined physical. 15 includes branch libraries. bibliographical count 16 Rewind downward from previous year on bosh of physicalwant. 6. Includes brunch Cantinas in California end oversees. 20 Excludes branch libraries at Hershey and Middletown. Count corrected since previous year. 21 Included with volumes. ° Date ens for the State university system. 9 Irmo*, main Wren% low library, and LB.). School of Public ArkinLibrery. SOURCE: Association of Research Libraries. Academic Library Sradrilar, betudes 4 regional campus libraries. 1971-72 11 Includes Eversion and Chicago ammo libraries.

1 148 62 Table 168. -General statbtics of collage and university libraries: United States and outlying areas.1869 - 60,1968 -O. and 1970 -71

Item 1959-601968-691970-71 Item 1069-601968-691970-71 /OM

1 2 3 4 - -..1 2 3 4 Numbs: of libraries 1,961 2, 2.535 i Library operating expenditures (e eluding Number of students enrolled. total ithousands11 . 3,597 ,72 8,849 aphid outlay) in thrive's* of dOilate Enrolled for bachelor's and higher dowses 3.402 8.983 7.988 Enrolled in undergraduate occupations programs . 195 589 684Operating expenditures, total $137,245$684,848$737.533 Salaries 72 x88 273:233t361>96 Collections (thousands of units) Hourly wages 11,690 44,253 58,452 Binding and rebinding 4,882 17,642 19.781 Number of volumes at end of year 176.721 328.564 371.389 Books and other library materiels 40.760 212,891 247,068 Number of volumes added during year 8,415 25.756 26.374 Other library operating expenditures 71,0 38 Number of periodical titles at and of year 1,271 2.632 3,877Operating expenditures in percents, total 5aig Wailes Bs 47 49 Library staff in term! of fulLtime Hourly wages 8 8 7 equivalents Binding and rebinding 4 3 3 Books and other library materiels 30 38 34 Toter staff in regular poshions: 18.' . , 45,161 48 Other library operatic; expenditures 5 6 7 Professional librarians 9 .. . 20.14$ 21 . Iiillik Nonprofessional library staff 1 27,888Libraryoperatingexpenditures es percent of total Hours of student and other assistance (thousands) .. 4 37Aab institutional expenditures for educational end general purposes 3.0 4.2 4.2

1 opening fail enrollment for use specified year. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Welfare. National Center 2 Date on staff are for the fell term of the succeeding year. for Education Statistics. Library Statistics of Colleges and liniensitka, analytic reports for 1959-60 and fell 1971. NOTE.-Because of rounding, dwell. may not add to totals.

Table 166.-Prices for hardcover, maspenerket paperback, and trade end higher priced paperback books. 1967 -89 and 1272, and number of Wok 1272. by ost,govy: United Sulks

Hardcover books' Mass-rnalcet Trade and higher paperback books priced pawner* books Number Category Number Number Average of Average of Average of price titles pries titles price tides

1987- 69 1972 1972 1987-89 1972 1972 1987-69 1972 1972

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total $8.77 $12.99 29,710 $0.79 151.12 2.265 83.24 84.24 8.275

AgrIculnue 9.71 10.94 305 .88 1.19 12 3.13 3.44 71 Art 12.44 14.94 1,121 .88 1.35 47 348 4.10 296 Biography 9.71 12.80 1,791 .93 1.34 74 2.25 3.21 157 Business 10.41 12.45 489 1.08 1.09 4 8.10 6.51 195 Education 8.68 10.26 788 1.33 1.65 10 2.91 3.87 505

Fiction 4.96 647 1.696 .75 1.01 1.467 1.68 2.24 124 General works 315.28 26.19 973 (3) 1.21 11 131 9.88 217 History 9.95 14.92 1,321 .98 1.37 77 2.87 3.88 304 Hone economies 8.55 7.89 377 (3) 1,19 80 (3) 2.82 160 Juveniles 3.53 4.37 2,748 .71 .82 87 1.23 1.32 288 188 Language 310.13 14.18 294 (3) 1.73 5 (a) 4.98 Law 13.22 17.15 571 .88 1.53 6 4.11 4.57 141 Literature 8.04 12.03 1,971 .98 1.20 42 2.44 3.72 575 Medicine 13.41 16.19 1,434 .87 1.23 55 4.81 6.38 367 Music 9.08 13.63 343 .83 1.10 4 3.19 4.32 92

Philosophy, psychology 28.41 10.44 789 (3) 1.28 47 131 3.130 380 Poetry, drams 6.69 10.62 1,145 .92 1.61 21 1.81 2.89 330 Religion 8.29 9.80 1,082 .85 1.34 23 1.98 2.61 609 Science 12.67 16.05 2.137 .96 1.36 14 4.68 6.35 532 Sociology. economics 29.35 16.93 4,532 (3) 1.52 127 (3) 4.11 1,802

Sporn, recreation 7.91 10.65 837 .87 1.18 a 2.11 2.88 257 Technotogy 13.03 18.11 1.031 1.04 1.29 19 8.84 9.80 378 Travel nue 12.78 1,157 (3) 1.53 19 (3) 3.43 337

1 Excludes Govemment documents and multivolume encyctopedias. 3 Dale not available. 2 Average price for 1967 and 1989. rather then 1069 -69. SOURCE: Publisher,' Windy.

d7 Teak 191.-Pda Wax fa hardaaver, amialefart paperback, and bade and hidisr Mad payback bleb, bawd on 10049 WNW Mow by lattiely: Unread Mau, Wm end 1972

Trade are nurtures 59/wit Ilsrdeovn boobs obsebsoli boobs pepedise5 books Category 1967-69 Intleel 1067-69 Index I lea-60 Index7

Amine 1971 1972 1971 1972 Amu 1973 price ance

2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 IP

Teti 1177 1612 148.1 60.79 127.6 1412 1724 167.1 1802

Agriculture 9.71 141.5 112.7 118.2 135.2 3.13 174,9 An 12.44 131.9 120.1 as 1198 1572 3.48 144.0 11 ake3170sY 0.71 119.8 131.8 23 1269 144.1 2.25 112.9 143.7 Ibnisen 1021 1312 119.0 126 117.0 1028 6.10 125.9 137.6 Eduction 6.58 1092 1662 1.33 135.3 124.1 2.91 127.1 1310

Pinion 426 120.5 130.4 .75 124.0 134.7 1.66 112./ 134.9 Gong works 15.28 1412 164.9 171 171 History 025 130.3 149.9 .98 119A 1292 3.67 149.0 134.7 Horns economics 6.56 1112 120.3 171 Jensen 3.4.1 119.8 123.8 .71 107.0 116.5 1.23 110.6 107.3

Latere0. 10.13 103.1 139.9 171 171 Ion 13.21 1382 129.7 123.1 177.9 4.11 108.13 112.2 Clanton 8.04 142.1 149.6 .96 117.7 126.0 2.44 317.6 153.6 Winne 13.41 133.0 120.7 .87 1352 141A 4.81 112.8 118.1 Melo 9.06 129.1 149.0 23 126.5 1322 119 1702 135.4

Pbilosostry. owebolegy 8.41 1282 124.1 171 2) Poetry. skims 6.89 1317 168.7 .92 180A 175.0 1.81 134.3 1517 Religion 6.29 1342 1652 1382 157.8 las 1532 120.1 Seems 12.87 1252 1217 as 122.9 140.8 4.06 228.1 131.13 sconornice 9.35 186.8 181.1 171 figonsoecrestion 7.91 128.9 134.0 27 124.1 1.13.9 111 133.2 1311 Tftlinelogv 13.03 117.2 123.0 LOS 142.3 124.0 8.94 912 1016 Tani 9.34 2C6.0 136.8 171 171

!San ter index Is 1967-69 ledown 21. SOURCE: Pabfthar Weekti. 6 Nov enemy: 1187-4113 merge odes cannot be onsbilsInd.

Table 16a -Pdas for periodicals end add mak by maim acs: UMW Ikass, 1961-69,1971, and 1972

1987-119 1971 1972 -.... Subbot ens Arm* Amon Inden7 Avenue Indes7 piss wise Prito 1 2 3 . 4 6 6 Pend lei% tots17 UM 911.99 1012 51323 nes -4 Agriagerns 426 174 122.6 6.36 135.7 Ousinen end economics 7.54 9.72 1202 198 132.0 diardstry eed17113977 24.48 38.31 156.5 45.48 185.7 Childio's periodic* 2.80 2.94 113.1 3.24 124.6 Education 6.34 8.25 130.1 9.51 160.0

Ingetenbig 10.03 13.28 132A 10.04 160.0 Mae and MOO arts 6.71 8.17 121.8 8.42 1216 Genie inmost neriodkins 7.28 9.32 128.0 9.62 1311 Histray 6.06 7.40 132.5 8.25 1316 Home econornics 6.45 7.94 123.1 10.25 159.9

Industrial ens 667 8.14 118.5 8.91 130.7 Jannuliwn cad earnmunkatitra 5.72 691 120.8 11911 151.7 Labor end Indisuid Mations 3.01 325 125.9 3.92 130.2 lay 171 10.19 117.0 11.15 126.0 Library Moos 8.27 8.66 138.0 920 160.0

Measure and know 5.38 6811 1272 7.46 138.6 Methentedes. bow. Oldolee. end amen, edema 15.30 30.06 131.1 2223 1480 Median 11313 27.00 139.3 2929 162.7 Philonsolly Ind roligicel 6.27 6.71 127.3 7.16 135.9 Phydsei education end nerestion 489 6.72 117.0 130.7

Politest Wenn 6.18 7.33 117.0 827 137.1 rontbeisin 14.55 18.70 128.5 2198 144.3 Sociology wel anthropologn 6.11 7.92 120.8 9.12 149.3 roetori 13.39 19.29 144.1 22.39 1672

s. d 4 bold onto. totel7 7142 60.06 124.3 NM 1312

Businins 119.78 140.04 117.0 148.12 123.7 Law 60.87 7187 124.6 75.83 124.6 ticisase end tearndoW 65.23 90.13 138.3 90.78 163.0 011scsinnoten 46.84 6910 1512 80.36 1713 U.8. docurennts 18.37 2884 1493 26.42 164.7 Soviet traniktions au 11126 122.9 117.13 129.0

! Bon for intim Is 1961-69 (cohere 21. 3 As defined by American Notions! Buntings Institute. Inc. 2 Bled on 2.527 dins. SOURCE: Mem Joansg

'so 1G4 imspeztxmalEtft2 51i!ifEWRIzi 21 : III 121 III . ._ _ 22,1,12 2271: ::222 222;; 42::.essRomom 4cm...1 !Ili i il ! aiggliZpilt z5 I 11111§411111!!!!!!! MUM! 1 1:1! ! :11 I jr i !I !:! ql1i2 1 1§M§111§15.1444.4.44444o4 . 22323suol tantsMU Ri/4 Isalem ligi 88888 Eniii stagE5 klAil !** * 14E4#a** 1 "III1: 1 ill II iii 1411.. co0 8 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! TUI1811I Wili ftill -1I 11111 1 §4111810411144111 WIRRIRB!!!!! Mai 111/1 it Hill Mil Will Mil _11 /6111111i75111111i I :i1 - I sfil 4" 2 " Ea 112; lel fi!iff!! cl!!7 1 : alai IIIII4Z Table 171. - Federal funds vUlgeted for educational easearett and Table 172, -Research and development funds relatedto the development, by sponsoring regency: United Stetss, gross national product: United States, 1953 to 1973 1989 to 1974 }Amounts In millions of dollars} (in millions of dollars}

Researchand Agency 1989 1972 1973 1974 developmentfunds OreaS 1 2 Year 3 4 5 national As percent luoduct Total of gross Total $158.4 $208.0 $245.3 $2532 national Depoiment of Health. Education, product and Welfare: 2 3 4 No Ionel institute of 1953 8354,593 $5,207 1.43 Education: 84.1 64.1 138.1 162.3 1954 384,841 Office of Education 5,738 1.57 18.0 72.2 513.7 35.5 1955 307,9430 Office of Child 6,279 1.58 1956 419,232 9,483 Development3 2.02 6.1 22.0 25.0 33.2 1967 441.134 9,912 National Institutes 2.25 of Health 11.9 1958 17.9 8.8 447.334 10.879 2.43 1959 483,680 12.540 2.59 Nefional Scares Foundation 38.3 1980 31.8 14.7 222 603,755 13.730 2 73 1981 520.109 14.652 280 1962 Includes education pinworm of the Office of Economic Opportunity officially 580,325 15,885 2.80 transferred to NIE In 1974. 1963 3 Includes OCD Head Start end ressamhdemonstretion programs as well as the 590.503 17,371 2.94 1984 0E0 child dreelopment programs officially transferred to Oco In 1974. 832,410 19,214 3.04 1965 684,884 20,439 2.98 1966 SOURCE. National Science Foundation. NSF 73 -316,An Analysts of Federal 749,857 22,284 2.97 1967 R&D Funding by Function. 793,927 23,613 2.97

1969 884.202 25,119 1969 2.91 930284 26,169 2.61 1970 977680 28,845 2.72 1971 16+4215 27,338 2.59 1972 1.157,996 129206 2.6? 1973 1.294,919 130.630 2.37

1 Preliminary date.

SOURCES. (t) National Science Foundation. NSF 74404,National Patterns of R&DRelOUlett. Ponds and Mariporat in the Ward State& 1933-1974.12)U.S. Department of Commerce. Office of Business &Anoraks.Sunny W Current &Maness.July Issues.

Table 173. - Sources of funds used for research and development: Table 174. - Sources of funds used for basic research: United States, 1963 to 1974 United States, 1953 to 1974 (In millions of dollars' }in millions of rfollms}

Federal Colleges Other Year Total Govern. Industry end um. nonprofit MOM verloliel institutions Federal Collages Other Veer Total Gomm. Industry I and anti- n0441141141: 2 3 4 s 6 ment muskies institutions 1953 $5.207 $2,759 $2,239 $151 $88 1 2 3 4 5 8 1956 5.738 3,138 2,367 187 58 1956 8.279 3,509 2,513 185 72 1953 2489 $234 $148 $73 1958 8.483 $34 4.859 3.338 204 84 1984 5413 265 161 85 1957 9,912 37 6.119 3,460 230 103 1955 808 286 183 89 40 1958 747 345 239 116 47 1958 10,870 6,791 3.700 257 122 1967 857 438 256 138 57 1359 12,540 8,059 4.067 290 134 1980 13.730 8.752 4,1308 328 142 1968 373 460 282 159 1961 72 14.552 9.264 4.749 371 168 1969 1,165 609 280 585 1962 81 15.665 9,928 5.114 424 301 1960 1,326 693 331 215 87 1961 1.543 841 360 250 102 1963 17.371 11219 5.449 486 218 1962 1,886 1,091 382 293 120 1984 19.214 12,5b3 6,880 b58 226 1965 20,439 13633 6,639 616 252 1963 2,196 1,310 414 343 129 1906 22.264 13,920 7.317 673 284 1964 2,559 1,595 424 402 138 1987 23613 14,420 8.134 753 308 1966 2,863 1,817 448 445 143 1968 3,123 1.9115 496 494 147 1968 25.119 14,952 1967 13.997 841 329 3,357 2.173 477 551 196 1969 26.169 14912 10.009 895 354 1970 ...... 26.545 14,766 1968 10,434 961 395 3948 2.344 5113 621 165 1971 27.336 15.013 10 817 1969 1,099 07 3,758 2,388 619 678 175 19721 29.206 16.132 1' .427 1.228 421 1970 3943 2,403 538 748 190 1971 4600 2,390 565 841 204 19731 30630 16.695 12.292 1,308 437 1972: 4,237 2,631 578 914 216 19741 32,100 17,060 13,206 1.385 450 1973: 4.434 2973 635 901 225 I pre..mmary data. 1974: 4,615 2.770 690 925 230

SOURCE blet.Oltal Science Foundation, NSF 74-304.hettonal patterns of R&D PreirnInery date. Newton en burt4 and Manpino in the trotted Stares, 1933 1974. SOURCE; National Science Foundation. NSF 74.304,National Patterns of R&D Resources, Funds and bleutanwer in me United State& 1933 -1974

1152 6 Table 175. -Funds used in the performance of basic research, applied research, and development: United States, 1974

[in millions of dollars) , Performer Total Basic Applied Develop- research research ment

1 2 3 4 5

Total $32,100 94,615 $7,260 $20,225

Federal Government 4,800 620 1,600 2,680 Industry 21,525 770 3,926 16,830 Colleges and universities 4,660 2,955 1,215 490 Other nonprofit institutions 1,115 270 620 325 . . NOTE. -Data are estimates. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NSF 74-304, National Patterns of R&D Resources, Funds and Manpower in the United States. 1953-1974.

Table 176. - Number and wont of minority Madan& attending pubBo alernontaryand secondary schools. by geographic area and level of isolation: Fall 1970 and fall 1972

Continental 32 northern and 8 border Slates 11 southern Levi of isolation United States2 western States3 end D.C.4 8tetesE

1970 1972 1970 1972 1970 1972 1970 1972

2 3 4 5 e 7 8 9 11,064,403 10.987.650 Total enrolhhent 44,910,403 44,646225 30,131,132 29.916241 3.724,867 3,743,703

Minnnty enrollment: 710,818 3,959,992 3.815365 Number 9.394,184 9.878,373 5.143.839 5.350.300 690,553 32.9 Ferment of total 20.9 21.7 17.1 17.9 18.5 19.0 32.2

Minorities, by level of isolation: Attending 0-49.9% minority schools: 1,372212 1.569240 Number 3,510.200 3233,082 1,908,968 2,001.674 230.621 282.348 33.4 38.9 38.8 43.4 Percent 37.4 39.6 37.1 37.4 Attending 50-100% minority schools: 2,187,377 2246213 Number 5.883.9133 5.843.309 3,238,870 3.348225 459,932 448,471 83.1 81.4 58.8 Percent 62.6 1304 82.9 62.6 66.8 Attending 80-100ll nunonty schools: 1,415,879 1,183288 Number 4,137.476 3.948.269 2,324.859 2,374,971 398,939 390213 32.7 Percent 44.0 40.8 45.2 444 87.5 54.9 392 Attending 90-1006 minority schools: 1,189482 932.654 Number 3.475.215 3.282,981 1,930,722 1,985259 375.011 384,848 25.8 Percent 37.0 33.9 37.5 37.1 64.3 51.3 32.9 Attending 95-100% minority schools 997,533 787.273 Number 2.969.569 2,781.893 1,611.069 1,689,409 350,967 345,211 48.8 28.0 212 Percent 31.5 28.7 31.3 31.2 50.8 Attending 99-100% nenonty schools: 293.191 278.380 703.825 499,813 Number 2,015.414 1.835257 1218,396 1.057,764 19.8 13.8 Percent 21.6 19.0 19.8 19.8 42.5 39.2 Attending 100% minority schools: 154,657 153,768 433.250 264,884 Number 988,532i 787.791 I 398,625 369,139 21.6 12.2 7.3 Percent 10.5 8.1 7.7 6.9 224

Includes American Indians, Negroes, Orientals. and students with Spanish Meanie, Arkansas, F Wads, Georgia. Louisiana. Mississippi, North Carolina, South Caroline. Tennessee. Texas, end Virginia. surnames. 249 States and the District of columbia. Excludes Hawaii. NOTE.-08% we head on surveys of all school districts enrolling 3.000 or more 3 Alaska. Arizona, California, Colorado. Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana. students end a sample of smaller districts enrolling 300 or more students. Because low. Kansas, Mane, Massachusetts, Michigan. Minnesota. Montana, Nebraska. Nevada. New Hampshire. NOW Jersey, New Mexico. New York, North Daiwa, of computer rounding, details may not add to totals. Ohio. Oregon, Pennsylvania. Rhoda Island. South Dakota. Utah. Vermont, SOURCE: U.8. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office for Civil Washington. Wisconsin. and Wyoming. Fall 1972 Racial and Ethnic Enrollment M Public Elementary end 4 Delaware. District of Columbus. Kentucky. Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Rights. Welt Virginia. Secondary Schools

153 Table 177.-Number and pOrrant of minority students attending publicelementary and secondary schools, by minority group and by level of Isolation: United States', fall 1970 and fall 1972

moo Attendance in minority schools

Characteristic Number Percent 0.48.9 50-100 80-100 90-100 96-10G 99-100 100 percent percent percent percent percent percent ph Lant mines ity minority minority minority minority minority minority

1 2 3 4 6 e 7 8 9 10 Total enrollment, all students: 1970 44,910.403 100.0 ...... 1972 44.646.526 100.0 ...... Negro enrollment: 1970 6.712.789 14 9 33.1 68.9 49.4 43.3 39.2 28.0 14 0 1972 6.798,238 15.2 38.3 83.7 46.2 39.2 34.8 25.1 11.2 Spensh.surnarned enrollment: 1970 2.275.041 5.1 44.2 66.8 33.1 22.9 16.3 5.8 1.8 1972 2,414.179 5.4 43.5 68.5 32.9 23.4 18.0 6.2 1 0 American Indian enrollment: 1972 232.786 0.5 65.4 34.8 23.3 16.4 10.7 22 1.7 Oriental enrollment: 1972 233.190 0.6 70.8 29.4 11.2 6.7 3.8 1.0 - . 0.1 Excluding Hawaii. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Neel*. Education, and Welfare. Office for Civil Rights, Fall 1972 Racial and Made 17nrolknent In Public alanentary and Seconder, Schools.

Table 178. -Estimated median achievement test scores for lst. and 12thgrade pupils, by racial and ethnic group: United States, fall 198S

Racial or Inhale group Test Puerto Rican Indian American Mexican American Oriental American Bleck White

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 la Weds: Nonverbal 45.8 53.0 60.1 56.8 434 64.1 Verbal 44.9 47.8 46.5 51.6 45.4 11...... /00,..532 12th Grade: Nonverbal 43.3 47.1 45.0 51.6 409 52.0 Verbal 43.1 43.7 43.5 49.6 40.9 52.1 Reading 42.8 44.3 44.2 48.8 42.2 51.9 Mathematics 43.7 45.9 45.5 51.3 41.8 41.8 General Information 41.7 44.7 43.3 49.0 40.8 522 el=1:02=- -.1=12=7¢1:1=1WCZ7=. SILIMIBEICSCIONI9 Average of the 5 tests .-- 43.1 45.1 44.4 50.1 41.1 62.0 NOTE.-This table messing the results of standard achievement tests of certain pupils In the Nation, about 16 percent would score below 40 and about intellectual skills such as reading. w.ldng, ca culating. end Problem solving. The 18 percent would score above 60. tests were Oink/OW to measure the skills which are the most Important In our society for getting a good lob and moving up to a better one, end for full SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Wafters. National Center participation in an increasingly technical world. for Education Statistics. Commissioner's report:EqualityofEducational Oppor The scores in each test were stendardited so that the average over the national tunny. July 2,1986. sample equaled 50 and tne standard deviation equaled 10. This means that for ail

154 1C8 'Table 179. -National Assessment of Educational Progress in writing, by age and by selected characteristics of participants: United States, 1989

INM1111.01111111011041 Participant.. by age

9 year olds 13yeas -olds 17-year-olds Young adutts Selected charecterism (ages 28-351 of Participants Median Median Median Median Median Median Median Median percent difference' percent uifferencal percent difference! percent difference! correct coo mat correct correct

1 2 3 4 5 8 7

Total 28.3 55.4 82.5 58.4

Region: Northeast 33.0 3.5 60.4 1.8 64.9 0.8 61.0 1.9 Southeast 23.9 -3.1 50.9 -5.1 54.8 -7.8 b1.4 -8.1 nen me 29.0 .8 90.2 8.1 83.8 2.2 59.8 2.9 West 22 4 1.5 56.1 -.6 88.2 4.1 55.4 1.4

Sex: Male 27.3 -4.0 51.4 -3.4 57.3 -3.4 50.4 -2.3 Female 34.7 4.1 60.9 3.2 87.0 3.0 82.3 2.1

Color: White 31.8 2 6 60.7 3.0 662 2.8 60.9 3.2 Black 12 3 -12.6 37.2 -13.3 48.7 -19.8 40.8 -18.9 Other 15.6 -12.0 39.0 -12.8 53.0 -8 2 45.5 -16.1

Parent's education:2 No high school 19.8 -11.3 41.8 -9.3 47.3 -10.8 47.8 -11.0 Some high school 24.2 -5.5 45.9 -7.4 50.8 -10.7 60.5 -1.9 High school weduee 28.9 .0 52.4 -2.0 84.0 1.2 59.8 4.9 Post high school 35.1 6.1 65.1 5.5 70.1 6.4 67.9 12.5 Unknown 23.7 -4.5 422 -6.3 58.5 -11.8 42.2 -21.2

Sin and type of community: Extreme rural 21.5 -4.5 47.1 -8.3 59.7 -4.1 52.3 -6.5 Extreme Inner city 13.3 -14.2 41A -10.5 44.8 -10A 45.7 -10.9 Extreme effluent suburbs 37.4 5.8 68.7 7.5 73.5 8.8 71.8 13.2 Inner-city fringe 21.3 -2.9 56.1 -.4 81.4 -.8 48.5 - 8.2 Suburban fringe 32.2 2.4 59.4 1.8 67.7 3.0 81.5 1.1 Medium city 28.0 2.1 598 1.8 65.2 1.8 59.7 .3 Small city 27.2 .6 53.9 -.7 81.9 .0 501 -3.2

1 Median differences of group performance from the national performance over all exercises Moms,. 2 Highest attained by either parent.

SOURCE: Taken from first-cycle material available in the files of National Assessment of Educational Progress. 1860 LincolnStreet, Denver, Colo. 80203. October 1972.

1 SS

169 Taioir 180. -Notional Ausssment of Educational Sonoma in eitizenship, by ego and by abated doweeteristio oftorticipants: United States. llititf.70

Participants, by age 4Yearottle 13-yearelds Selected characteristics 17.yearolds Young adults of participants (ages 26-35) Median Median Median Medium Median Median Median Median MONK differences percent difference! percent difference! correct percent difference! cornet WINO correct 1 2 3 7 8 9 Total 64.1 63.1 61.8 60.5 Region: Northeast 65.3 85.5 2.6 84.5 Southeast 60.7 1.9 63.8 .9 59.3 -3.4 50.8 -44 53.3 Central ...... -5.0 66.0 92.3 1.1 Ott 1.0 west 63.7 68.7 1.0 84.0 -.4 87 2 2.4 83.2 1.7 Sea: Male 63.7 .1 62.7 Farness ass .3 632 .4 64.0 1.4 -.2 62.5 -.4 62.2 -.4 68.9 -1.3 Color: Mete 68.4 1.9 65.8 Black 1.6 65.6 1.7 63.3 1.5 51.4 -8.9 50.1 -7.1 45.6 -9.9 Other 51.0 -8.9 47.1 -9.7 47.8 -8.6 49.9 -41 50.5 - 7.7 Peninfe ashgation:3 No high school 52.9 - 5.5 Some high school 46.2 -9.6 44.8 -9.1 53.0 - 8.5 58.2 - 3.3 60.9 -8.3 46.6 High school waduste 66.3 -8.8 60.8 - 0.9 .4 56.5 -1.4 81.6 .3 66.7 Post high school 68.7 3.9 64.0 2.4 Unknown 572 3.9 66.6 5.0 73.1 7.5 - 5.3 48.7 -6.3 38.7 -11.0 43.3 -14.2 She and type of community: Extreme rural 57.3 - 3.3 55.7 -4.3 64.6 -4.8 57.3 Extreme inner city 53.3 -5.7 52.4 -4.0 Estrwne effluent suburbs -8.0 53.1 -4.8 66.2 - 8.0 89.6 3.4 69.5 4.3 69.4 Innerwity fringe 82.9 5.3 73.7 8.6 -.3 65.13 59.3 .3 60.9 -2.2 Suburban fringe 66.4 .4 64.4 .8 Medium city 87.1 2.4 62.5 .3 66.7 1.4 68.0 1.0 64.9 1.1 Small city 63.2 0.0 68.8 - 1.1 64.0 -.3 58.9 -1.9 57.9 - 2.3 Median differences of group performers:a from the national perforrnanceover all exercises Menu). SOURCE: Taken from firstcycle material available Inthe flies of Nadonal 3 Highest attained by either parent. Armament of Educational Progress, 1880 Lincoln Street. Denver.Colorado 80203. February 1973.

156 1 70 Table 181. National Auessment of Educational Progress in reading, by age and by selected characteristics of putidgento: United States,1970 -71

Participants, by age

"year olds 13.yeer olds 17.yeepolds Young adults Swotted characteristics lean 26-36) of par ticipenrs Median Median Median Median Median Median Median Median Percent difference' percent difference: percent Mit:renal percent differencel correct correct correct correct

1 2 3 4 13 8

Total 70.4 sal 77.5 83.5

Region: Northeast 74.2 2.1 /0.3 2.1 79.4 1.5 83.0 1.0 Southeast 63.13 5.9 619 .4.8 71.8 -4.9 74.3 -8.1 Central 74.0 2.9 71.5 2.3 80.4 84.8 1.3 Wilt 88.13 -.9 68.2 -.3 75.5 -.1 88.3 2.2

Sex: Maw 67.6 -2.4 66.3 -2.5 75.9 -2.0 83.2 .2 Female 73.1 2.3 71.4 2.3 79.5 1.9 81.0 -.3

Colon White 73.8 7.8 71.8 2.7 79.8 2.2 85.4 2.4 Bieck 61.0 - 18.3 49.0 -15.8 58.7 /f3.4 82.0 -18.7 Other 67.9 - 7.4 68.7 -4.0 73.9 -3.5 72.8 -5.4

Parent's education:3 No high whop! 57.8 -9.1 51.3 -11.9 85.0 -11.1 73.2 -66 Some hoh school. 82.7 -4.8 82.2 -4.5 89.9 -8.0 82.4 -.4 High school graduate 70.7 .7 68.7 .6 78.1 -3 88.1 2.8 Post high school 78.4 13.8 7132 8.7 84.8 5.8 90.3 7.9 Unknown 66.2 -4.7 54.3 -10.4 87.1 -7.9 59.8 -19.1

Size and type of community: Extreme rural 64.7 - 4.4 80.8 -3.9 Extremes inner City 53.5 -14.3 58.3 -8.1 Extreme effluent suburb 802 84 75 8 5.8 Inner-city fringe 722 1.4 86.5 -1.3 Suburban fringe 73.9 2.1 71.4 2.2 Medium City 89.7 .1 88.5 .4 Small city 69.7 -.8 883

Site of community: Big city 77.5 -.7 78.7 Silken,/ hinge 81.2 2,8 86.3 1.8 Medium city .... 786 4 83A .8 Smell place 74.9 -2.0 83.4 .5

I Median differences c group Performance from the national PiefOrenenCe Overfill SOURCE: Taken from f het-cycle materiel available In the files of National exercises Iltemsi. Assessment of Education Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street, Denver, Colorado 80203. 2 Highest attained by either parent. March 1973.

157 Table 182. -National Auenment of Educational Progress in literature,by age and by selected eteracteristia of participants: United States, 1970 -71

Participants,by age 9yeepolds 13-year -olds 171etwokb Selected characteristics Young adults of Participants Imps 28-351 Median Median Medien Median Median Median Median Median percent difference! percent difference! percent difference! Percent difference! correct correct Correct correct 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total 43.9 53.4 81.3 64.0 Region: Northeast 41.8 .8 54.9 1.1 83.8 1.1 86.0 2.4 Southeast 37.0 -4.0 47.3 Central -3.7 58.3 -4A 53.2 -7.8 48.4 2.4 54.3 .8 West 82.8 1.2 63.2 .0 42.3 .5 55.0 1.2 82.7 .4 67.2 2.3 Se Male 425 -.7 60.3 Femme -1.8 59.9 -1.1 63.6 0.0 42.9 .8 53.2 1.6 61.8 1.0 63.7 -.1 Color. White 48.3 2.1 58.5 2.3 Bieck 62.8 1.9 87.2 2.1 29.8 -12.9 37.3 -12.4 48.9 -13.9 43.5 Other 304 -18.4 -8.6 50A -.7 64.5 -3.6 57.1 -3.9 Parent's education:2 No high school 31.8 -7.3 41.8 Some high school -9.5 48.9 -10.9 53.3 -8.7 35.1 -4.2 47.7 -3.7 53.0 -8.5 61.2 -1.6 High school graduate 46.1 .5 54.1 -.3 Post high wheel 80.2 -.8 65.7 1.8 50.3 5.8 60.7 5.9 69.6 6.9 74,4 Unknown 37.8 10.1 -4.6 39.2 -9.9 49.2 -9.4 38.1 -14.5 Site end co of community: Extreme rural 35.1 -3.8 61.3 -3.1 E xtreme inner city 32.8 -9.4 48.4 -5.4 Extreme effluent suburb 48A 7.5 59.8 6.6 Inner-city fringe 43.5 -.5 48.3 Suburban fringe 44.0 2.4 53.1 1.3 Medium city 42.9 -1.2 52.: 0.0 Small city 43.3 .3 52.3 -.6 She of community: Big city Big -city fringe 59.2 -1.1 60.9 -1.3 135.0 2.5 84.2 1.6 Medium city 82A Small place .4 66.4 1.6 80.8 -1.0 62.1 -1.0 Median differences of group performance from the national performanceover all exercises SOURCE: Taken from flist-cyc a materiel available In the fliesof National Highest attained by either parent. Assessment of Educational Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street, Denver,Colorado 80203. Match 1973.

"1.72 TOM 183. - Malone' Amassment of Educations *menu In Klemm by op andselected chareatedstlos of pordelpents: United States, 1970 and 1973

Participants. by 491 Selected characteristics avear.olds 13.yeardds 17yero of pirtootoots Mean Men Man Mean Mean Mean percent percent Difference. percent Percent Difference, percent worn Difference. Comet correct 1970 to 1973 correct correct 1970 to 1973 comet coned 1970 to 1973 1970 1973 1970 1973 1970 1973

1 2 3 4 B 8 7 8 9 10

Total GOA 58.8 .19 58.8 68.9 . 1.9 442 41.9 41.3

Reglom Nontwest 62.9 60.5 .2.4 60.6 59.1 .1.5 46.8 43.7 Southeast 55.2 54.8 53.9 54.1 .2 40.9 409 Central 82.1 60.2 .1.9 61.1 58.4 .8 44.0 42.1 40.7 West 60.8 59.4 .1.4 58.4 55.5 .9 44.4

Bea: 61.7 59.9 .1.8 61.0 59.0 .0 47.3 as PAW 39.1 -2.1 Female 59.4 57.7 .1.7 55.7 54.7 . 1.9 41.2

Color: White 83.5 81.9 .1.6 82.0 60.2 . 19 45.7 431 32.3 Bleck 48.6 45.6 .1.0 44.0 40.7 .3 33.4 Pawned education:I No high school 52.3 52.8 .5 47.7 463 .0 37.1 35.1 49 Some high school 552 55.4 .4 61.8 50.9 38.0 382 .8 40.7 school graduate elm 59.9 .1.1 57.1 56.6 42.7 . .0 Post high school 88.4 64.5 .1.9 64.2 83.3 48.2 48.0 .2

Mrs and type of COMSIUMV: 40.3 .0.3 Rural 53.8 56.0 . 2.2 52.2 54.8 2.7 40.6 Low metropolitan 45.4 45.8 .2 45.6 43.8 . 19 37.0 34.2 4.8 metropolitan 88.0 65.7 .2.3 84.7 83.7 . 1.1 492 46.3 -29 Mein big any 58.0 57.3 -.7 54.9 54.6 44.6 392 4.4 Man Wings 63.3 60.5 .29 61.5 67.6 .9 44.6 41.7 49 Medium OW 61.2 60.3 .9 61.1 50.0 .30 48.2 422 49 Saudi 1:4001 61.2 59.6 -1.6 59.6 88.1 . 1.4 43.3 43.0 .0.3

'catboat respondlints only. SOURCE: Than from material amilable In the files of National Assessment of 3 Highest attuned by lather potent. Educational Prowess. 1880 Lincoln Bones, Denver, Colorado 80203, November 1974.

13 Table 184. - Notional Assessment of Educational Progress In music, by age end selected characteristics of partioloustis United&eta. 1271 -72

Participants. by age 9yeavolds 13.yearolch Selected 17yearolds Young adults 1213-361 characteristics Median Median Median of participants Median Median Median Median Median percent difference' Percent difference' percent COMM difference' percent difference' correct correct correct 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 Total 53.8 48.9 49.3 41.5 111 Region; Northeast 69.0 3.2 494 0.6 Southeast 47.9 49.5 0.5 44.7 1.8 .2.8 44.3 .2 48.8 1.6 Central 58.7 1.5 38.0 .3.9 West 52.3 1.6 60.8 1A 42.8 60.2 -18 48.5 0.9 4.8 48.7 43.8 41.6 0.1

Male 61.7 0.3 Female 44.9 4.9 45.8 4.9 38.9 55.9 0.3 51.9 4.9 0.9 60.2 0.8 43.2 0.9 Colo,: White 67.8 2.0 81.1 1.1 60.3 .2 Black 43.13 .7.9 44.0 1.7 Other 38.7 .9 39.7 4.13 27.2 44.8 .7.8 41.3 .9.0 4.1 37.7 .7 .2 23.9 4.8 Pawn's! Education:2 No high school 48.8 38.8 .1 38.1 Soon high school 47.4 4.8 7.6 31.3 4.9 High school graduate 41.0 4.2 40.3 4.3 37.9 63.3 0.1 47.7 .1 Post high school 4.1 48.1 4.3 43.2 1.3 02.0 5.0 55.5 3.3 64.1 Unknown 47.5 3.1 3.8 55.3 9.0 39A .4 38.1 3.9 28.2 04 Mao and type of community: Rural 48.5 .7 43.8 -1 A 47.7 Low metropolitan 42.6 4.8 .1.3 35.0 44 High metropolitan 39.5 43.8 4.3 30.8 132.7 5.5 85.6 4.8 Main big city 3.4 540 3.6 82.0 8.7 82.3 0.0 45.3 1.0 48.3 Men fringe 52.9 0.3 4.4 39.1 .1 Medium city 45.9 0.0 49.3 0$ 42.0 0.5 88.0 0.5 49.7 0.3 60.5 Snag pieces 53.7 0.1 0.6 42.9 OA 49.2 0.1 48.2 4.6 40.0 4.7 I Median differences of group performance fromthe national performance over en exercises MOMS). SOURCE: Taken from material available in the Hes of National Assessment of 2 Highect attained by either parent. Educational Progress. 1880 Lincoln Street. Denver Colorado 1974. 80203. December

160174 Digest of Educational Statistics INDEX

A Page PageBusiness and managementContinued Accounting, degrees conferred 95 formal awards, organized occupational Additions to plant value, higher education 114 curriculums 106 Administrative units (school districts) 12, 53 Business education, degrees conferred 96 Adult education: expenditures, public schools 63 C participants in 10 Age: Capital outlay: enrollment by 8-9 all levels of education 23, 26 ranges for compulsory and permissive higher education. (See: Additions to plant value.) attendance 33 public elementary and secondary Agriculture: schools 61-63, 66 degrees conferred 95, 100Catholic schools: enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 elementary and secondary 41 enrollment, vocational education 43-44 Institutions of higher education 93 formal awards, organized occupational Chemistry, degrees conferred 98 curriculums 105-106 Chur.....t affiliation: All levels of education 5-28 elementary and secondary schools 41 American college students abroad 142 institutions of higher education 93 Annual expenditure per pupil, public elementary City school systems 36 and secondary schools 66-67Classrooms. (See: Instruction rooms.) Annual salary. (See: Salaries.) Classroom teachers: Annuity funds, higher education 110-11.1 nonpublic elementary and secondary Applied research funds 127-128, 153 schools 45, 48 Architecture: public elementary and secondary schools .45-48 degrees conferred 95,100 secondary schools, by field 48 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81College facility. (See: Faculty, higher education.) Area studies, degrees conferred 95,100College graduates, male, by field 104 Art, degrees conferred 97College students, selected Associate degrees 104 characteristics of 78, 81 Auxiliary enterprises, higher education 107, 110, 114Colleges and universities. (See: Available instruction rooms 52 Institutions of higher education.) Average daily attendance 32, 34-35Communications, degrees conferred 96,100 Average daily membership 32Community colleges, expenditures 63 Average length of school year 32, 34-35Community services, expenditures 63 Completed instauction rooms 52 B Compulsory attendance, age ranges for 33 Computer and information sciences: Bachelor's degrees 94-101 degrees conferred 96,100 Bacteriology, degrees conferred 95 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 Basic administrative units 12, 53 Consultants, public elementary and Basic research funds 126, 128, 152-153 secondary schools 46 Biochemistry, degrees conferred 95Cuban refisgee program funds 133 Biological Sciences: Current expenditures: degrees conferred 95,100 all levels of education 23, 26 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 higher education 114-115 Biology, degrees conferred 95 public elementary and secondary schools . . 61-67 Board rates 113 Current-fund income, higher education . . . 107-110 Bond elections, results of 60 Book and periodical prices 149-150 Botany, degrees conferred 95 Business and management: degrees conferred 95-96, 100Daily attendance as a percent of enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 enrollment 32, 34-35

1611 `,YS. Page Page Degrees, earned: Endowment funds 110-111, 117 associate 104 Engineering: bachelor's, first-professional, degrees conferred 96-97, 100-101 master's, doctor's 94-103 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 by sex 95-104 enrollment, higher education 82 dentistry 100-101 graduates, organized occupational engineering 96-97, 100-101 curriculums 105 historical summary 101 English: law 98, 100-101 degrees conferred 98 major field of study 95-100 enrollment, advanced degrees 81 medicine 100-101 enrollment, public high schools 43 Denominational affiliation: Enrollment: elementary and secondary schools 41 adult education 10 institutions of higher education 93 advanced degrees 80-81 Dentistry: ages 3-34 and 5-34 8-9 degrees conferred 100-101 all levels of education 6-9 enrollment for professional degrees 80 by age 8-9 Development funds 128, 152-153 by grade 31 Distributive occupations, enrollment 43-44 by race 8 Districts, school 12, 53 by sex 8 Doctor's degrees 94-103 elementary schools: Dormitory rooms, charges for 113 nonpublic 39-42 Draftees failing mental test 18 public 30-31, 34-37, 39-40 Dramatic arts, degrees conferred 97 engineering 82 Dropouts: English: employment of 139-140 enrollment for advanced degrees 81 percent of population 14 to 24 54 public secondary schools 43 exceptional children 6-7, 37-38 E foreign languages: advanced degrees 80-81 Earned degrees. (See: Degrees, earned.) public secondary schools 42-43 Earnings by years of school completed 20-22 higher education: Economics, degrees conferred 99 advanced degrees 80-81 Education: by sex 70, 74-75, 77-84 adult 10 by type of institution 76, 90 all levels. 5-28 degree-credit 71-73, 75-77 degrees conferred 96,100 engineering 82 elementary and secondary 29-68 first-professional degrees 72, 77, 80 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 first-time 71, 77-78 exceptional children 37-38 full-time 70, 74,77, 80 Federal programs 119-136 graduate 72, 76-77, 80-81 handicapped pupils 37-38 non-degree-credit 72, 77 higher 69-118 part-time 70, 74, 77, 80 selected statistics 137-160 privately controlled institutions 70, 75-77 structure 4 publicly controlled institutions 70, 75-77 vocational 43-44, 67-68 resident 73, 76 Education in the United States, structure of 4 two-year colleges 76, 83 Educational administration and supervision, undergraduate 72, 76-77 degrees conferred 96 high schools. (See: Secondary schools.) Educational attainment 14-16 kindergartens 31, 39, 41 Educational exchange program grants 127 land-grant institutions 118 Educational research expenditures 132, 152 large cities 36 Educational television 146 mathematics: Elementary and secondary education 29-68 advanced degrees 80-81 Elementary and Secondary Education Act.131, 136 public secondary schools 43 Elementary education, degrees conferred 96 preprimary programs 41 Elementary schools: science: nonpublic 12, 53 advanced degrees 80-81 public 12, 53 public secondary schools 43 Employment: secondary schools: college graduates 140-141 nonpublic 33, 39-42 high school graduates and dropouts 138-140 public 30-31, 33-37, 39-40

162176 Page Page social sciences, advanced degrees 80-81 Foreign languages and literatureContinued social sciences, public secondary schools 43 enrollment: special education for exceptional advanced degrees 80-81 children 6--7, 37-38 secondary schools 42-43 two-year colleges 76, 83Foreign students in American colleges . 73, 143-144 vocational education 43-44Forestry: Exceptional children, enrollment: degrees conferred 95 public day schools 37--38 enrollment for advanced degrees 81 residential schools 6-7, 37Four-year institutions: Expenditures: enrollment 76, 90 adult education 63 number 90-91 all levels of education 23-28French: by source of funds 23-24 degrees conferred 97 community colleges 63 enrollment, public secondary schools 42 community services 63 Full-time college students 70, 74, 77, 80 educational research 132, 152Funds, Federal, for education 119-136 Federal Govenulient 23-24, 123-125 higher education 114-116 G instructional materials 136 libraries 147-149Geography: per pupil, public schools 66 67 degrees conferred 99 per student, higher education 112 enrollment for advanced degrees 81 public elementary and secondary schools. .61-65Geology, degrees conferred 98 pupil transportation 38German: State and local governments 23-24, 27-28 degrees conferred 97 summer schools, public elementary and enrollment, public secondary schools 42 secondary 63Gifted, special education for the 37 vocational education 67-68Gifts and grants, higher education. . .107, 110-111 Government, degrees conferred 99 F Grade enrollment 31 Graduate students: Faculty, higher education: by field of study 80-81 abroad 142 enrollment 72, 76-77, 80-81 by academic rank 85-87, 89Graduates: by field 85 high school: by sex 84, 86-89 number 54-56 by type of institution 87-89 employment 138-140 demographic and background institutions of higher education 94-104 characteristics 86, 88 organized occupational curriculums. .. .105-106 professional background and academic Greek, degrees conferred 97 activity. 86-87Gross national product, relation to Faculty salaries 89-90 expenditures for education 25-26 Federal programs for education 119-136Guidance personnel, public elementary Federally affected areas, aid to 126, 131 and secondary schools 46 Fees, higher education students 112-113 Fellowship programs, Federal 129 H Field of study: college graduates, male, in population 104Handicapped, special education for the 37-38 earned degrees 95- -100Health occupations (vocational) enrollment .43-44 enrollment: Health professions: advanced degrees 80-81 degrees conferred 97, 100-101 secondary schools 42-43 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 Finances. (See: Capital outlay, Current High school graduates: expenditures, Expenditures, Income, employment 138-140 Property, Receipts, Salaries.) nonpublic 56 Fine and applied arts: public 56 degrees conferred 97,100 total 54-56 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 94, 100-101 High school seniors, educational First-professional degrees experience and personal aspirations ...... 57 First -time college students 71, 77-78 Foreign languages and literature: High schools. (See: Secondary schools.) degrees conferred 97, 100Higher education 69-118 Page Page Historical summary statistics: higher education 84 public elementary and secondary schools. .34-35Labor force status of high school History, degrees conferred 99 graduates and dropouts 138-140 Home economics: Land-grant institutions 118 degrees conferred 98, 100Latin: enrollment: degrees conferred 97 advanced degrees 80-81 enrollment, public secondary schools 42 vocational education 43-44Law: graduates, organized occupational degrees conferred 98,100 --101 curriculums 105-106 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 Letters, de pfts conferred 98,100 I Level of school completed 14-16 librarians: Illiteracy 17-18 by type of library 148 Income: public elementary and secondary schools 46 all levels of education 22Libraries: by age 20-22 college and university 148-149 by years of school completed 20-22 Federal 147 higher education 107-113 largePublic 146 personal largeuniversity 148 public elementary and secondary schools. .58-60 public 146-147 Indians, enrollment in Federal schools for 6-7Library expenditures: Institutions of higher education: college and university 148-149 by control 12, 90-93 Federal 147 by denominational affiliation 93 public 147 by highest level of offering 93 Library science: by size 90 degrees conferred 98,100 by type 90-91 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 conferring most doctor's degrees 102 Lifetime income by years of school enrolling largest number of students 74 completed 21-22 for men, for women, and coeducational. . . 92-93Literature, degrees conferred 98 with large libraries 148 Local basic administrative units 12, 53 Instructional materials, funds for 136 Local public school systems, statistics of 37 Instructional staff, elementary Local sources, receipts from: and secondary schools: all levels of education 22 nonpublic 45, 48 higher education 107, 110 public 45-48 public elementary and secondary schools. .58-60 Instruction rooms: abandoned 52 M available 52 completed 52 Major field of study: Interest on school debt 61-63, 66 college graduates, male, in International educational activities.. . .73,142 -145 population 104 Italian: degrees conferred 95-100 degrees conferred 97 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 enrollment, public secondary schools 42 Master's degrees 94-101 Mathematics: .1 degrees conferred 98,100 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 Journalism: enrollment, public high schools 43 degrees conferred 96Medical technologies, degrees conferred 97 enrollment for advanced degrees 81 Medicine: Junior colleges: degrees conferred 100-101 enrollment 76, 83, 90 enrollment for professional degrees 80 number 83, 90-91 Mentally retarded, special education...... 37-38 Junior high schools 54Mental tests, draftees failing 18 Junior-senior high schools 54Military sciences, degrees conferred 98,100 Minority students: K enrolled in school 8 in elementary and secondary schools. . 153-154 Kindergartens, enrollment 31, 39, 41 Music, degrees conferred 97

164 1 78 Page Page Music education, degrees conferred 96 Physical sciences: degrees conferred 98, 100 N enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 Physics, degrees conferred 98 National Assessment of Educational Progress: Plant value, higher education 117 citizenship 156Political science, degrees conferred 99 literature 158Population: music 160 by continent 144 reading 157 by country 145 science 159 college-age 75-76 writing 155 percent: National Defense Education Act 3-to-34-years-old enrolled in school 8-9 (NDEA) 126, 132, 136 5-to-34-years-old enrolled in school 8 Negroes: with 4 years of college 14, 16 enrolled in school 8 with 4 years of high school 14,16 in elementary and secondary schools 154 with less than 5 yeas of institutions attended predominantly by 82 elementary school 14, 16 Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools: school-age 33-35 classroom teachers 45, 48Postgraduate (high school) enrollment 31 enrollment 33, 39-42Preprimary programs, enrollment in 41 expenditures 23-24, 26Principals, public elementary and graduates 56 secondary schools 46 instructional staff 45,48Private elementary and secondary schools: number 12, 53 classroom teachers 45, 48 Nonrevenue receipts, public elementary enrollment 33, 39-42 and secondary schools 58 expenditures 23-24, 26 Nonsupervisory instructional staff, public graduates 56 elementary and secondary schools 46 instructional staff 45, 48 Nursing, degrees conferred 97 number 12, 53 Private gifts and grants, higher 0 education 107,110 -111 Privately controlled institutions of Occupations: higher education: college graduates 140-141 endowment 117 high school graduates 140 enrollment- 70, 75-77 school dropouts 140 expenditures 114-115 Office occupations (vocational) faculty salaries 89 enrollment 43-44 income 107-109, 111-113 Office of Education, programs number 12, 90-93 administered by 125, 129-133, 135-136 physical plant value 117 One-teacher schools, public elementary 53 student charges 112-113 Organized occupational curriculums, Professional degrees 94, 100-101 formal awards based on 105-106Property, higher education, value of 117 Protestant schools: P elementary and secondary 41 institutions of higher education 93 Part-time college students 70, 74, 77, 80Psychological personnel, public elementary Per capita personal income 64 and secondary schools 46 Per pupil cost of transportation 38Psychology: Personal income: degrees conferred 98, 100 per capita 64 enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81 related to expenditures for higher Public affairs and services, degrees education 116 conferred 98, 100 related to expenditures for public Public elementary and secondary schools: elementary and secondary schools 64-65 classroom teachers 45-48 Pharmacy, degrees conferred 97 enrollment 30-31, 33-37, 39-40 Philosophy: expenditures 61-65 degrees conferred 98 graduates 56 enrollment for advanced degrees 81 instructional staff 45-48 Physical education, degrees conferred 96 number 12, 53-54 Physical plant, higher education, value of 117 revenue receipts 58-60

165 1 !.5$9 Page Page Publicly controlled institutions of School systems 12, 53 higher education: School year, length 32, 34-35 endowment 117 School years completed 14-16 enrollment 70, 75-77Schools: expenditures 114-115 elementary and secondary: faculty salaries 89 nonpublic 12, 53 income 107-109, 111-113 public 12, 53-54 number 12, 90-93 higher education: physical plant value 117 private 12, 90-93 student charges 112-113 public 12, 90-93 Public school systems 12, 53 Science, enrollment, public high schools 43 Pupils: Scientists: enrollment 30-44 by employer 151 expenditures 66-67 by field 151 transportation 38 salaries 151 Secondary education, degrees conferred 96 R Secondary schools: nonpublic 12, 53 Receipts: public: all levels of education 22 junior high 54 higher education 107-113 junior-senior high 54 Public elementary and secondary schools..58-60 senior high 54 Regular 4-year high schools 54 total 12, 53-54 Religion: traditional 54 degrees conferred 98-99Secondary school teachers, by field: enrollment for advanced degrees 81 nonpublic .4g Religious affiliation: public 48 elementary and secondary schools 41 Statistics related to education in the U.S.. .137-160 institutions of higher education 93 Senior high schools 54 Research and development funds. . .. 128, 152-153Size of enrollment: Residence and migration of college students.. . .73 institutions of higher education 90 Residential schools, exceptional school districts 53 children, enrollment 6-7, 37 Social sciences: Retention rates 13-14 degrees conferred 99-100 Revenue receipts, public elementary enrollment, advanced degrees 80-81 and secondary schools 58-60 enrollment, public high schools 43 Room charges 113 Social work, degrees conferred 98 Russian: Sociology, degrees conferred 99 degrees conferred 97Spanish: enrollment, public secondary schools 42 degrees conferred 97 enrollment, public secondary schools 42 S Special education for exceptional children6-7, 37-38 Speech, degrees conferred 98 Salaries: Staff. (See: Faculty, Classroom teachers, higher education: Instructional Staff, Teachers.) by academic rank 89-90State governments, receipts from: privately controlled institutions 89 all levels of education 22 publicly controlled institutions 89 higher education 107, 110 by size of institution 89 public elementary and secondary schools..58-60 by type of institution 89Statistics, degrees conferred 98 offered degree candidates 141-142Student fees, higher education 112-113 library expenditures for 147-149Student loan funds 110.111 public elementary and secondary schools: Student loan (Federal) programs. . . . classroom teachers 126, 131-132 49Students. (See: Enrollment.) total instructional staff 50, 51 scientists 151 Subcollegiate departments, higher education: School assistance in federally enrollment 6-7 -' affected areas 126,131 instructional staff 11 School bond elections, results of 60Summer school expenditures, public School districts 12, 53 elementary and secondary schools 63 School lunch program funds 127Supervisors, public elementary and School retention rates 13-14 secondary schools 46

166 1.80 Page Page T U.S. college students abroad 142 U.S. education, structure of 4 Teachers: Universities: all levels of education 11 enrollment 76,90 elementary and secondary schools: number 90-91 by field 48 characteristics 47-48 V nonpublic 45, 48 public 45-48Value of physical plant, higher education 117 higher education: Value of nonexpendable hinds, higher resident instruction 85 education 117 selected characteristics 86-88Value of property, higher education 117 salaries: Veterinary medicine: higher education 89-90 degrees conferred 100 public elementary and secondary enrollment for professional degrees 80 schools 49Vocational agriculture, enrollment 43-44 Teachers and other instructional staff, Vocational education: public elementary and secondary schools: enrollment 43-44 number 46 enditures 6 68 salaries 49-51 Federal fUnds 67-68, 126,132,135-7136 Technical education (vocational) enrollment43-44 teachers 48 Technical and semiprofessional programs, Volumes: awards based on 105-106 college and university libraries 148-49 Television, public 146 Federal libraries 147 Tests, draftees failing 18 public libraries 146-147 Theology: degrees conferred 99-100 enrollment for advanced degrees 80 Trades and industry (vocational) enrollment.43-44Wages or salary of full-time employees 51 Traditional high schools 54 Whites and nonwhites: Traineeship and training grant programs, enrollment 8 Federal 129 test scores 154 Transportation, public elementary and years of school completed 14-15 secon schools 38 lIdlion and fees, higher education 112-113 Y Two-year institutions: enrollment 76, 83, 90Years of school completed: number 83, 90-91 Persons 25 years old and over 14-16 Persons 25 to 29 years old 14 U

Undergraduate enrollment 72, 76-77 U.S. college faculty abroad 142 Zoology, degrees conferred 95

&I.167 U. 8. oarsman PI INTEIO OFFICE : 1915 0.311.602