OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 26 257-325, (4), 2020 , Journal of PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Journal of Editor-in-chief: Alessandro Rossi VOL. 26 - 2020 NUMBER Cited in: EMBASE - Excerpta Medica Database • Index Copernicus • PsycINFO • SCOPUS • Google Scholar • Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), a new edition of Web of Science OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Journal of Editor-in-chief: Alessandro Rossi International Editorial Board R. Roncone (University of L’Aquila, Italy) D. Baldwin (University of Southampton, UK) A. Rossi (University of L’Aquila, Italy) D. Bhugra (Emeritus Professor, King’s College, London, UK) A. Siracusano (University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy) J.M. Cyranowski (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA) A. Vita (ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy) V. De Luca (University of Toronto, Canada) B. Dell’Osso (“Luigi Sacco” Hospital, University of Milan, Italy) Italian Society of Psychopathology A. Fagiolini (University of Siena, Italy) Executive Council N. Fineberg (University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK) President: Eugenio Aguglia • Past President: Alessandro Rossi A. Fiorillo (University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy) President Elect: Silvana Galderisi • Secretary: Andrea Fagiolini •Treasurer: Paola Rocca B. Forresi (Sigmund Freud Privat Universität Wien GmbH, Milan, Italy) Councillors: Mario Amore, Bernardo Carpiniello, Massimo Di Giannantonio, T. Ketter (Professor Emeritus, Stanford University, Stanford, USA) Alberto Siracusano, Massimo Biondi, Cristina Colombo, Palmiero Monteleone, Antonio Vita G. Maina (University “San Luigi Gonzaga”, Turin, Italy) V. Manicavasagar (Black Dog Institute, Randwick, Australia) Founders: Giovanni B. Cassano, Paolo Pancheri P. Monteleone (University of Salerno, Italy) Honorary Councillors: Giovanni B. Cassano, Luigi Ravizza D. Mueller (University of Toronto, Canada) S. Pallanti (Stanford University Medical Center, USA) Editorial Coordinator: Francesca Pacitti C. Pariante (King’s College, London, UK) Editorial Staff: Roberto Brugnoli, Milena Mancini J. Parnas (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) S. Pini (University of Pisa, Italy) Editorial and Scientific Secretariat: Valentina Barberi, Pacini Editore Srl, Via Gherardesca 1, 56121 P. Rucci (“Alma Mater Studiorum” University of Bologna, Italy) Pisa •Tel. 050 3130376 • Fax 050 3130300 • [email protected] N. Sartorius (Emeritus Professor, University of Geneva, Switzerland) © Copyright by Pacini Editore Srl J. Treasure (King’s College, London, UK) Publisher: Pacini Editore Srl, Via Gherardesca 1, 56121 Pisa • www.pacinimedicina.it Advisory Board E. Aguglia (University of Catania, Italy) M. Amore (University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy) L. Bellodi (Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy) A. Bertolino (University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy) M. Biondi (Sapienza University of Rome, Italy) B. Carpiniello (University of Cagliari, Italy) F. Catapano (University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy) VOL. 26 - 2020 D. De Ronchi (University of Bologna, Italy) L. Dell’Osso (University of Pisa, Italy) NUMBER M. Di Giannantonio (University of Chieti, Italy) A. Favaro (University of Padova, Italy) 4Cited in: S. Galderisi, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy) EMBASE - Excerpta Medica Database • Index Copernicus D. La Barbera (University of Palermo, Italy) M. Maj (University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy) PsycINFO • SCOPUS • Google Scholar • Emerging Sources Citation Index P. Rocca (University of Turin, Italy) (ESCI), a new edition of Web of Science Contents Original articles Features and pharmacotherapy of treatment-resistant depression: an observational study on hospitalized patients Gabriele Di Salvo, Francesco Cuniberti, Matteo Bianco, Donatella Ramello, Giuseppe Maina, Gianluca Rosso ........................................ 257 Clinical differences and associations between women with borderline personality and their partners: an exploratory study Sara Navarro, Álvaro Frías, Carol Palma ...................................................................................................................................................... 264 James Bond villains and psychopathy: a literary analysis Conor Kavanagh, Andrea E. Cavanna .......................................................................................................................................................... 273 The use of mechanical restraint in a psychiatric setting: an observational study Nicola Poloni, Marta Ielmini, Ivano Caselli, Giulia Lucca, Celeste Isella, Aldo Emanuele Buzzi, Lucia Rosa Maria Rizzo, Alessandra Gasparini, Giacomo Introini, Camilla Callegari ......................................................................................................................... 284 Initial treatment retention for habit reversal training in adults with Tourette syndrome Felicity Pilcher, Stefano Seri, Andrea E. Cavanna ........................................................................................................................................ 290 Teaching neuroanatomy through a memorable Olympic race Andrea E. Cavanna ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 296 Off-label prescription of psychotropic medications in a sample of Italian psychiatrists working in private practice: a cross sectional study Caterina Bonamici, Alessia Guicciardi, Alex Curti, Anna Rita Atti, Jessica Balducci, Giorgio Mattei, Letizia Valle, Gian Maria Galeazzi, Silvia Ferrari ............................................................................................................................................................... 301 Review Musical anhedonia: a review Francesco Bernardini, Laura Scarponi, Luigi Attademo, Philippe Hubain, Gwenolé Loas, Orrin Devins .................................................... 308 Case reports Psychiatric disorders and organ transplantation: an approach based on resources and resilience Rosario Girgenti, Maria Antonina Buttafarro ............................................................................................................................................... 317 Safety and tolerability of PaliperidonePalmitate: a case report of an accidental overdose Tommaso Vannucchi, Sara Gemignani, Valdo Ricca, Giuseppe Cardamone .............................................................................................. 323 VOLUME 26 - DECEMBER 2020 4 JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 2020;26:257-263 Original article DOI: 10.36148/2284-0249-396 Features and pharmacotherapy of treatment-resistant depression: an observational study on hospitalized patients Gabriele Di Salvo1, Francesco Cuniberti1, Matteo Bianco1, Donatella Ramello2, Giuseppe Maina1,2, Gianluca Rosso1,2 1 Department of Neurosciences ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, Italy; 2 San Luigi Gon- zaga University Hospital of Orbassano (TO), Italy SUMMARY Objectives Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a complex and debilitating condition with heavily impacting consequences on healthcare and socio-economic system. The overall picture of TRD still appears conflicting and fragmentary and most studies were conducted on outpa- tients only. Aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of real-world inpatients with TRD in order to provide useful information in daily clinical practice and identify any specific feature of this population. Methods We retrospectively examined clinical charts of 250 MDD inpatients, excluding subjects with any type of bipolar disorder. Patients were grouped in two sub-samples, TRD and non-TRD (nTRD); socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the two sub- groups. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies adopted in TRD patients were analysed. Com- 2 Received: May 25, 2020 parisons were performed by using Pearson’s χ test with Yates’ correction for categorical Accepted: November 23, 2020 variables and independent-samples t-test for continuous variables. Results Correspondence The prevalence of TRD in our sample was 32.4%. Compared to nTRD subjects, TRD inpa- Giuseppe Maina tients were significantly older, while unexpectedly other socio-demographic factors, such as Department of Neurosciences ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, via Cherasco lower educational level and unemployment, did not result associated to TRD. Concerning 15, 10126 Turin, Italy. Tel.: +39 011 9026517. clinical features, TRD subjects had longer duration of illness, more lifetime depressive epi- Fax: +39 011 9026595 sodes, older age at first admission and higher rate of family history for mood disorders and E-mail: [email protected] for suicide. They also showed greater severity of the current episode, less comorbid psychi- atric disorders and more medical conditions. The lack of correlation between suicidality and Conflict of interest TRD was an unexpected result. At discharge, TRD was more related to polypharmacy with The Authors declare no conflict of interest higher number of psychotropic drugs in particular; add-on was the most frequent strategy (48.1%) and the atypical antipsychotics (quetiapine above all) were the most frequent add-on medications (68.8%). How to cite this article: Di Salvo G, Cuniberti F, Bianco M. et al. Features and pharmaco- Conclusions therapy of